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Rawat D, Bains A, Chawla P, Kaushik R, Yadav R, Kumar A, Sridhar K, Sharma M. Hazardous impacts of glyphosate on human and environment health: Occurrence and detection in food. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138676. [PMID: 37054847 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing human population, farming lands are decreasing every year, therefore, for effective crop management; agricultural scientists are continually developing new strategies. However, small plants and herbs always impart a much loss in the yields of the crop and farmers are using tons of herbicides to eradicate that problem. Across the world, several herbicides are available in the market for effective crop management, however, scientists observed various environmental and health effects of the herbicides. Over the past 40 years, the herbicide glyphosate has been used extensively with the assumption of negligible effects on the environment and human health. However, in recent years, concerns have increased globally about the potential direct and indirect effects on human health due to the excessive use of glyphosate. As well, the toxicity on ecosystems and the possible effects on all living creatures have long been at the center of a complex discrepancy about the authorization for its use. The World Health Organization also further classified glyphosate as a carcinogenic toxic component and it was banned in 2017 due to numerous life-threatening side effects on human health. In the present era, the residues of banned glyphosate are more prevalent in agricultural and environmental samples which are directly affecting human health. Various reports revealed the detailed extraction process of glyphosate from different categories of the food matrix. Therefore, in the present review, to reveal the importance of glyphosate monitoring in the food matrix, we discussed the environmental and health effects of glyphosate with acute toxicity levels. Also, the effect of glyphosate on aquatic life is discussed in detail and various detection methods such as fluorescence, chromatography, and colorimetric techniques from different food samples with a limit of detection values are revealed. Overall, this review will give an in-depth insight into the various toxicological aspects and detection of glyphosate from food matrix using various advanced analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Rawat
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Ravinder Kaushik
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Shoolini Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Food Science Technology and Processing, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India.
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Zulet-Gonzalez A, Gorzolka K, Döll S, Gil-Monreal M, Royuela M, Zabalza A. Unravelling the Phytotoxic Effects of Glyphosate on Sensitive and Resistant Amaranthus palmeri Populations by GC-MS and LC-MS Metabolic Profiling. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12061345. [PMID: 36987034 PMCID: PMC10058430 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, the most successful herbicide in history, specifically inhibits the activity of the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS; EC 2.5.1.19), one of the key enzymes in the shikimate pathway. Amaranthus palmeri is a driver weed in agriculture today that has evolved glyphosate-resistance through increased EPSPS gene copy number and other mechanisms. Non-targeted GC-MS and LC-MS metabolomic profiling was conducted to examine the innate physiology and the glyphosate-induced perturbations in one sensitive and one resistant (by EPSPS amplification) population of A. palmeri. In the absence of glyphosate treatment, the metabolic profile of both populations was very similar. The comparison between the effects of sublethal and lethal doses on sensitive and resistant populations suggests that lethality of the herbicide is associated with an amino acid pool imbalance and accumulation of the metabolites of the shikimate pathway upstream from EPSPS. Ferulic acid and its derivatives were accumulated in treated plants of both populations, while quercetin and its derivative contents were only lower in the resistant plants treated with glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Zulet-Gonzalez
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karin Gorzolka
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefanie Döll
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Miriam Gil-Monreal
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Royuela
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Zabalza
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Tataridas A, Jabran K, Kanatas P, Oliveira RS, Freitas H, Travlos I. Early detection, herbicide resistance screening, and integrated management of invasive plant species: a review. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3957-3972. [PMID: 35510308 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plant species (IPS) are often considered weeds that cause high yield losses in crops, negatively affect the environment, and disrupt certain ecosystem services. The negative impact of IPS on biodiversity is increasing and disturbing native vegetation. The management of plant invasions can be divided in two phases (before and after invasion). Prior to introduction it is crucial to develop the knowledge base (biology, ecology, distribution, impact, management) on IPS, prevention measures and risk assessment. After introduction if eradication fails, the monitoring and the integrated management of IPS are imperative to prevent the naturalization and further dispersal. This review uses two major invasive weed species (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. and Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) as case studies to propose a framework for early detection, rapid herbicide resistance screening, and integrated management. The holistic framework that is presented exploits recent: (i) novel detection tools, (ii) rapid tests and assays for herbicide resistance, and (iii) biology, ecology, distribution traits, and management tools for the IPS. Farmers, advisors, researchers, and policymakers need briefing on IPS growth dynamics, adaptability rates, and response to conventional and novel treatments to prevent new invasions, eradicate isolated stands, and mitigate the impact of invasive weed species in the long term. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Tataridas
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Khawar Jabran
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | | | - Rui S Oliveira
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Freitas
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ilias Travlos
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Duke SO. Glyphosate: Uses Other Than in Glyphosate-Resistant Crops, Mode of Action, Degradation in Plants, and Effects on Non-target Plants and Agricultural Microbes. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 255:1-65. [PMID: 33895876 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most used herbicide globally. It is a unique non-selective herbicide with a mode of action that is ideal for vegetation management in both agricultural and non-agricultural settings. Its use was more than doubled by the introduction of transgenic, glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops. All of its phytotoxic effects are the result of inhibition of only 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), but inhibition of this single enzyme of the shikimate pathway results in multiple phytotoxicity effects, both upstream and downstream from EPSPS, including loss of plant defenses against pathogens. Degradation of glyphosate in plants and microbes is predominantly by a glyphosate oxidoreductase to produce aminomethylphosphonic acid and glyoxylate and to a lesser extent by a C-P lyase to produce sarcosine and phosphate. Its effects on non-target plant species are generally less than that of many other herbicides, as it is not volatile and is generally sprayed in larger droplet sizes with a relatively low propensity to drift and is inactivated by tight binding to most soils. Some microbes, including fungal plant pathogens, have glyphosate-sensitive EPSPS. Thus, glyphosate can benefit GR crops by its activity on some plant pathogens. On the other hand, glyphosate can adversely affect some microbes that are beneficial to agriculture, such as Bradyrhizobium species, although GR crop yield data indicate that such an effect has been minor. Effects of glyphosate on microbes of agricultural soils are generally minor and transient, with other agricultural practices having much stronger effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Duke
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
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Bordin ER, Frumi Camargo A, Stefanski FS, Scapini T, Bonatto C, Zanivan J, Preczeski K, Modkovski TA, Reichert Júnior F, Mossi AJ, Fongaro G, Ramsdorf WA, Treichel H. Current production of bioherbicides: mechanisms of action and technical and scientific challenges to improve food and environmental security. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1833864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Roberta Bordin
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Aline Frumi Camargo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapeco, Brazil
| | - Fábio Sptiza Stefanski
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapeco, Brazil
| | - Thamarys Scapini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapeco, Brazil
| | - Charline Bonatto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapeco, Brazil
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jessica Zanivan
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapeco, Brazil
| | - Karina Preczeski
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapeco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Altemir José Mossi
- Laboratory of Agroecology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapeco, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | | | - Helen Treichel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapeco, Brazil
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Physiological Approach to the Use of the Natural Compound Quinate in the Control of Sensitive and Resistant Papaver rhoeas. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091215. [PMID: 32948013 PMCID: PMC7569983 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quinate (1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate) is a compound synthesized in plants through a side-branch of the shikimate biosynthesis pathway, which is accumulated after glyphosate and acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides (ALS-inhibitors) and has phytotoxic potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of quinate on several weed species. Among the species evaluated, Cynodon dactylon, Bromus diandrus, Lolium rigidum, Sinapis alba, and Papaver rhoeas, P. rhoeas was the most sensitive, and its growth was controlled with quinate concentrations above 100 mM at the phenological stage of 6–8 true leaves. A physiological study, including the shikimate pathway and the physiological markers of ALS-inhibitors (carbohydrates and amino acids), was performed in the sensitive and resistant plants treated with sulfonylureas or quinate. The typical physiological effects of ALS-inhibitors were detected in the sensitive population (free amino acid and carbohydrate accumulation) and not detected in the resistant population. The mode of action of quinate appeared to be related to general perturbations in their carbon/nitrogen metabolism rather than to specific changes in the shikimate pathway. These results suggest the possibility of using quinate in the weed control management of P. rhoeas.
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Zulet-González A, Barco-Antoñanzas M, Gil-Monreal M, Royuela M, Zabalza A. Increased Glyphosate-Induced Gene Expression in the Shikimate Pathway Is Abolished in the Presence of Aromatic Amino Acids and Mimicked by Shikimate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:459. [PMID: 32411158 PMCID: PMC7202288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide glyphosate inhibits the plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the aromatic amino acid (AAA) biosynthetic pathway, also known as the shikimate pathway. Amaranthus palmeri is a fast-growing weed, and several populations have evolved resistance to glyphosate through increased EPSPS gene copy number. The main objective of this study was to elucidate the regulation of the shikimate pathway and determine whether the regulatory mechanisms of glyphosate-sensitive and glyphosate-resistant plants were different. Leaf disks of sensitive and resistant (due to EPSPS gene amplification) A. palmeri plants were incubated for 24 h with glyphosate, AAA, glyphosate + AAA, or several intermediates of the pathway: shikimate, quinate, chorismate and anthranilate. In the sensitive population, glyphosate induced shikimate accumulation and induced the gene expression of the shikimate pathway. While AAA alone did not elicit any change, AAA applied with glyphosate abolished the effects of the herbicide on gene expression. It was not possible to fully mimic the effect of glyphosate by incubation with any of the intermediates, but shikimate was the intermediate that induced the highest increase (three-fold) in the expression level of the genes of the shikimate pathway of the sensitive population. These results suggest that, in this population, the lack of end products (AAA) of the shikimate pathway and shikimate accumulation would be the signals inducing gene expression in the AAA pathway after glyphosate application. In general, the effects on gene expression detected after the application of the intermediates were more severe in the sensitive population than in the resistant population. These results suggest that when EPSPS is overexpressed, as in the resistant population, the regulatory mechanisms of the AAA pathway are disrupted or buffered. The mechanisms underlying this behavior remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Zabalza
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Palma-Bautista C, Vazquez-Garcia JG, Travlos I, Tataridas A, Kanatas P, Domínguez-Valenzuela JA, De Prado R. Effect of Adjuvant on Glyphosate Effectiveness, Retention, Absorption and Translocation in Lolium rigidum and Conyza canadensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9030297. [PMID: 32121525 PMCID: PMC7154921 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate retention, absorption and translocation with and without adjuvant were examined in Lolium rigidum and Conyza canadensis in greenhouse and laboratory settings to develop an understanding of the influence of the selected adjuvant on glyphosate activity. Tests on whole plants show that the dose of herbicide needed to reduce dry weight by 50% (GR50) or plant survival (LD50) decreases by mixing glyphosate and adjuvant to 22%-24% and 42%-44% for both populations of L. rigidum and C. canadensis, respectively. This improvement in efficacy could be attributed to the higher herbicide retention and lower contact angle of the glyphosate + adjuvant drops on the leaf surface compared to the glyphosate solution alone. Plants of both species treated with 14C-glyphosate + adjuvant absorbed more glyphosate compared to non-adjuvant addition. Furthermore, the movement of the herbicide through the plant was faster and greater with the adjuvant. Our results reveal that the use of adjuvants improves the effectiveness of glyphosate in two of the most important weeds in agricultural crops in Mediterranean countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelario Palma-Bautista
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (J.G.V.-G.)
| | - Jose G. Vazquez-Garcia
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (J.G.V.-G.)
| | - Ilias Travlos
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Agronomy, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Alexandros Tataridas
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Agronomy, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Kanatas
- Agricultural Cooperative of Mesolonghi-Nafpaktia, 30200 Mesolonghi, Greece;
| | | | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (J.G.V.-G.)
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