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Aghazadeh Z, Sanaee Delir D, Gholamrezaie HR, Sadoughi A, Nezami Asl A, Noori Sanami M, Mahdavi Gorabi A, Panahi Y, Taeb M, Razavi A, Rafia S, Naderiyan Z, Robat-Jazi B, Mirshafiey A. The Open, Randomized, Positive Control Clinical Trial of Guluronic Acid (G2013) on SARS-CoV-2 Patients. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2023; 20:e180423215957. [PMID: 37076459 DOI: 10.2174/1570163820666230418095115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, with a vast spectrum of clinical and paraclinical symptoms has been a major health concern worldwide. Therapeutical management of COVID-19 includes antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs. NSAIDs, as the second-line therapy, are often prescribed to relieve the symptoms of COVID-19. The α-L-guluronic acid (G2013) is a non-steroidal patented (PCT/EP2017/067920) agent with immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated the effect of G2013 on the outcome of COVID-19 in moderate to severe patients. METHODS The disease's symptoms were followed up during hospitalization and for 4 weeks postdischarge in G2013 and control groups. Paraclinical indices were tested at the time of admission and discharge. Statistical analysis was performed on clinical and paraclinical parameters and ICU admission and death rate. RESULTS The primary and secondary outcomes indicated the efficiency of G2013 on COVID-19 patients' management. There were significant differences in the duration of improvement of fever, coughing, fatigue/malaise. Also, a comparison of paraclinical indices at the time of admission and discharge showed significant change in prothrombin, D-dimer, and platelet. As the main findings of this study, G2013 significantly decreased the percentage of ICU admission (control:17 patients, G2013:1 patient) and death (control: 7 cases, G2013:0). CONCLUSION These results conclude that G2013 has sufficient potential to be considered for moderate to severe COVID-19 patients, can significantly reduce the clinical and physical complications of this disease, has a positive effect on modulating the coagulopathy process, and aids in saving lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davod Sanaee Delir
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Farhikhtegan Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Gholamrezaie
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Farhikhtegan Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Sadoughi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehran Noori Sanami
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Farhikhtegan Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Health Re-search Center, Chamran Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Panahi
- Deputy for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Taeb
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Razavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Rafia
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Naderiyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Farhikhtegan Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Robat-Jazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bagherian Z, Mirshafiey A, Mohsenzadegan M, Farajollahi MM. Evaluation of G2013 (α-L-guluronic acid) efficacy on PC-3 cells through inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:254-263. [PMID: 34699087 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Given multiple treatment strategies for prostate cancer, its mortality rate is still high; therefore, novel treatment strategies seem necessary. G2013 or α-L-guluronic acid is a new patented drug with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the property of G2013 on inflammatory molecules involved in tumorigenesis of prostate cancer. MTT assay was used to assess the effect of the drug on the proliferation of PC-3 cells. Expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8), Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD-88), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 genes were studied in the PC-3 cells treated with 25 (low dose) or 50 (high dose) µg/mL of G2013 for 24 h using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique. Protein expression of NF-κB and protein activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were assayed using flow cytometry and gelatin zymography, respectively. The expression of COX-2 (p = 0.007 at low dose), MMP-2 (p = 0.023 at low dose, p = 0.002 at high dose), NF-κB (p = 0.004 at low dose) and IL-8 (p < 0.0001 in both doses) genes, NF-κB protein (p < 0.0001 in both doses), and MMP-2 activity (p < 0.0001 in both doses) were significantly reduced in the presence of G2013 as compared to the control group. Cancer cell proliferation was also inhibited under 10-500 µg/mL G2013 treatment. Our results revealed that G2013 has the potential to inhibit PC-3 cell proliferation and reduce the expression of tumour-promoting mediators, COX-2, MMP-2, NF-κB, and IL-8 involved in the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bagherian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tahmasebi S, Neishaboori H, Jafari D, Faghihzadeh E, Esmaeilzadeh A, Mirshafiey A. The effects of guluronic acid (G2013), a new emerging treatment, on inflammatory factors in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients under in vitro conditions. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:562-570. [PMID: 34314306 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1954946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) results from the accumulation of fatty acids in the liver. The elevated production of pro-inflammatory factors is the reason for the hyper inflammation in NASH. The α-L-Guluronic acid (G2013), a new member of NSAID family, is a plant-originated agent with immunomodulatory properties. The current study investigated the effects of G2013 on inflammatory factors in PBMCs of NASH patients. METHODS PBMCs of 14 NASH patients and 14 healthy controls were isolated and cultured. The patient's cells were treated with low (5 µg/mL) and moderate (25 µg/mL) doses of G2013 alongside the diclofenac optimum dose (3 µg/mL). The expression and secretion levels of variables were assessed by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Findings indicated that the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB, as well as the secretion levels of TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines, were significantly elevated in NASH patients compared to healthy individuals. The expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB were strikingly downregulated in treated cells of patients in both low and moderate doses of G2013. A considerable reduction was obtained in the secretion level of IL-6 using both low and moderate doses of G2013 and in the secretion level of TNF-α using the moderate dose of G2013. CONCLUSION The results indicated that G2013 could meaningfully decrease the expression and secretion levels of evaluated factors (TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6) in PMBCs of NASH cases. Since there is no effective treatment for NASH patients, we hope that G2013 would be a promising immunomodulatory agent in reducing inflammation and improvement of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Tahmasebi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Neishaboori
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Davood Jafari
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Immunotherapy Research and Technology Group, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Faghihzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Immunotherapy Research and Technology Group, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xing M, Cao Q, Wang Y, Xiao H, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Ji A, Song S. Advances in Research on the Bioactivity of Alginate Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E144. [PMID: 32121067 PMCID: PMC7142810 DOI: 10.3390/md18030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a natural polysaccharide present in various marine brown seaweeds. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is a degradation product of alginate, which has received increasing attention due to its low molecular weight and promising biological activity. The wide-ranging biological activity of AOS is closely related to the diversity of their structures. AOS with a specific structure and distinct applications can be obtained by different methods of alginate degradation. This review focuses on recent advances in the biological activity of alginate and its derivatives, including their anti-tumor, anti-oxidative, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, and hypoglycemic properties, as well as the ability to suppress obesity and promote cell proliferation and regulate plant growth. We hope that this review will provide theoretical basis and inspiration for the high-value research developments and utilization of AOS-related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochen Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Han Xiao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Qing Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
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Hossein-Khannazer N, Shabani S, Farokhfar M, Azizi G, Asarzadegan F, Safarpour Lima B, Mirshafeiey A. Pivotal cytokines and their transcription factors are the targets of guluronic acid (G2013) for inhibiting the immunopathogenesis process of multiple sclerosis. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:511-516. [PMID: 32103523 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The α-L-guluronic acid (G2013), is a novel immunosuppressive drug (PCT/EP2017/067920). One of the most popular ideas in designing drugs for multiple sclerosis (MS) is to restrict the main inflammation-related lymphocytes and cytokines. The foremost problems with conventional drugs are their side effects and low efficacy. In order to rectify these problems, we examined the effect of two doses of G2013 on the gene expression of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-22, T-bet, RORC, and AHR, in MS patients PBMCs. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of 12 relapsing-remitting MS patients and 12 healthy volunteers and the effect of two doses of G2013 on the gene expression of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-22, T-bet, RORC, and AHR, were assessed by real-time PCR. Overall, the results show that G2013 is able to significantly reduce the gene expression of IL-22, AHR, RORC, and T-bet. Collectively, G2013 might be considered and studied as a new drug of possible use to MS patients due to its immunosuppressive property on some of the main inflammatory cytokine and transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Shabani
- Department of Neurology, Imam Hossein Medical and Educational Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Farokhfar
- Department of Neurology, Imam Hossein Medical and Educational Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Asarzadegan
- Department of Neurology, Imam Hossein Medical and Educational Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Safarpour Lima
- Department of Neurology, Imam Hossein Medical and Educational Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafeiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research center for immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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