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Rufino AT, Freitas M, Proença C, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Fernandes E, Ribeiro D. Rheumatoid arthritis molecular targets and their importance to flavonoid-based therapy. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:497-538. [PMID: 37602483 DOI: 10.1002/med.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive, chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory, and systemic condition that primarily affects the synovial joints and adjacent tissues, including bone, muscle, and tendons. The World Health Organization recognizes RA as one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases. In the last decade, there was an expansion on the available RA therapeutic options which aimed to improve patient's quality of life. Despite the extensive research and the emergence of new therapeutic approaches and drugs, there are still significant unwanted side effects associated to these drugs and still a vast number of patients that do not respond positively to the existing therapeutic strategies. Over the years, several references to the use of flavonoids in the quest for new treatments for RA have emerged. This review aimed to summarize the existing literature about the flavonoids' effects on the major pathogenic/molecular targets of RA and their potential use as lead compounds for the development of new effective molecules for RA treatment. It is demonstrated that flavonoids can modulate various players in synovial inflammation, regulate immune cell function, decrease synoviocytes proliferation and balance the apoptotic process, decrease angiogenesis, and stop/prevent bone and cartilage degradation, which are all dominant features of RA. Although further investigation is necessary to determine the effectiveness of flavonoids in humans, the available data from in vitro and in vivo models suggest their potential as new disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. This review highlights the use of flavonoids as a promising avenue for future research in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José M P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Açores, Portugal
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Rao Q, Ma GC, Wu H, Li M, Xu W, Wang GJ, Wang D, Zhang CE, Ma ZJ, Zhang ZT. Dendritic cell combination therapy reduces the toxicity of triptolide and ameliorates colitis in murine models. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:679-691. [PMID: 35225120 PMCID: PMC8890574 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2044935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) exerts a promising effect in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, its toxicity seriously hinders its application in the clinic. Previous studies indicated that dendritic cells (DCs) are the main target through which TP exerts its immunoregulatory effect. Thus, we designed an approach to target DCs in vitro to avoid the direct exposure of organs to TP. Our results revealed that DCs pretreated with TP (DCTP) exerted satisfactory therapeutic effects in mice with colitis, resulting in improved colonic inflammation and alleviated local lesion damage. In addition, no obvious toxicity was observed. DCTP also reshaped the immune milieu by decreasing CD4+ T cell numbers and increasing regulatory T cell numbers in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, peripheral blood and colon; these effects were further confirmed in vitro. Downregulation of CD80/86, ICAM-1, MHCI, TLR2/4, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression and upregulation of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) and IL-10 expression were observed, indicating that DCs were converted into tolerogenic DCs. In conclusion, DCTP can effectively reduce toxicity and alleviate colonic inflammation and local lesion damage in mice with colitis. The immune mechanism underlying the effects of DCTP included the conversion of DCs into tolerogenic DCs and the alteration of T cell differentiation to produce immunoinhibitory rather than immunostimulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Rao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Chao Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Jun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-En Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
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Sun Z, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhao X, Zang X, Wang F. Immunosuppressive effects of dimethyl fumarate on dendritic cell maturation and migration: a potent protector for coronary heart disease. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:178-185. [PMID: 35016591 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.2025245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, play key roles in atherogenesis, particularly in plaque rupture, the underlying pathophysiologic cause of myocardial infarction. Targeting DC functions, including maturation and migration to atherosclerotic plaques, may be a novel therapeutic approach to atherosclerotic disease. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an agent consisting of a combination of fumaric acid esters, in current study were found to be able to suppress DC maturation by reducing the expression of costimulatory molecules and MHC class II and by blocking cytokine secretion. In addition, DMF efficiently inhibited the migration of activated DCs in vitro and in vivo by reducing the expression of chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7). Additionally, DMF efficiently inhibited the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86, as well as the chemokine receptor CCR7 and the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), in healthy donor-derived purified DCs that had been stimulated by ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patient serum. This study points to the potent therapeutic value of DMF for protecting against cardiovascular disease by suppressing DC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Martinez GP, Zabaleta ME, Di Giulio C, Charris JE, Mijares MR. The Role of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in Immune Regulation and Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4467-4485. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200707132920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are derivatives of the heterocyclic aromatic compound
quinoline. These economical compounds have been used as antimalarial agents for many years. Currently,
they are used as monotherapy or in conjunction with other therapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases
such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and antiphospholipid
antibody syndrome (APS). Based on its effects on the modulation of the autophagy process, various
clinical studies suggest that CQ and HCQ could be used in combination with other chemotherapeutics for the
treatment of various types of cancer. Furthermore, the antiviral effects showed against Zika, Chikungunya, and
HIV are due to the annulation of endosomal/lysosomal acidification. Recently, CQ and HCQ were approved for
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of infected patients with the coronavirus SARSCoV-
2, causing the disease originated in December 2019, namely COVID-2019. Several mechanisms have been
proposed to explain the pharmacological effects of these drugs: 1) disruption of lysosomal and endosomal pH, 2)
inhibition of protein secretion/expression, 3) inhibition of antigen presentation, 4) decrease of proinflammatory
cytokines, 5) inhibition of autophagy, 6) induction of apoptosis and 7) inhibition of ion channels activation. Thus,
evidence has shown that these structures are leading molecules that can be modified or combined with other
therapeutic agents. In this review, we will discuss the most recent findings in the mechanisms of action of CQ and
HCQ in the immune system, and the use of these antimalarial drugs on diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gricelis P. Martinez
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 50109, Los Chaguaramos 1050-A, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Mercedes E. Zabaleta
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 50109, Los Chaguaramos 1050-A, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Camilo Di Giulio
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 50109, Los Chaguaramos 1050-A, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jaime E. Charris
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, 47206, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Michael R. Mijares
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 50109, Los Chaguaramos 1050-A, Caracas, Venezuela
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Park SH, Jung HJ, Kim TS. IL-33 changes CD25hi Tregs to Th17 cells through a dendritic cell-mediated pathway. Immunol Lett 2020; 218:5-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Xiong M, Xu L, Li L, Liu Y, Zhou F, Wang J, Zhu J. The experimental research of pregnancy immune tolerance induced by FTY720 via blocking S1P signal transduction pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5897-5905. [PMID: 30362168 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Lang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital Shanghai China
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Russo M, Georgius P, Santarelli DM. A new hypothesis for the pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2018; 119:41-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Shi H, He J, Li X, Han J, Wu R, Wang D, Yang F, Sun E. Isorhamnetin, the active constituent of a Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L, is a potent suppressor of dendritic-cell maturation and trafficking. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 55:216-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lin W, Wang W, Wang D, Ling W. Quercetin protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting dendritic cell activation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28457022 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Quercetin is a typical flavonol with atheroprotective effects, but the effect of quercetin on dendritic cell (DC) maturation in relation to atherosclerosis has not yet been clearly defined. Thus, we investigated whether quercetin can inhibit DC maturation and evaluated its potential value in atherosclerosis progression in ApoE-/- mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Quercetin consumption inhibited DC activation, inflammatory response and suppressed the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Subsequently, quercetin treatment inhibited the phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs, as evidenced not only by downregulation of CD80, CD86, MHC-II, IL-6 and IL-12 but also by a reduction in the ability to stimulate T cell allogeneic proliferation. Finally, an in vitro study demonstrated that quercetin inhibited DC maturation via upregulation of Dabs, which then downregulated the Src/PI3K/Akt-NF-κB-inflammatory pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that quercetin attenuates atherosclerosis progression by regulating DC activation via Dab2 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqun Lin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China
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Li X, Wang X, Jiang H, Zhang G, Tan R, Sun Y, Wu X, Tan R, Xu Q. Herpetol ameliorates allergic contact dermatitis through regulating T-lymphocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:131-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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