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Shaban NZ, Hegazy WA, Abu-Serie MM, Talaat IM, Awad OM, Habashy NH. Seedless black Vitis vinifera polyphenols suppress hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo by targeting apoptosis, cancer stem cells, and proliferation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116638. [PMID: 38688169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive tumor and one of the most challenging cancers to treat. Here, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo ameliorating impacts of seedless black Vitis vinifera (VV) polyphenols on HCC. Following the preparation of the VV crude extract (VVCE) from seedless VV (pulp and skin), three fractions (VVF1, VVF2, and VVF3) were prepared. The anticancer potencies of the prepared fractions, compared to 5-FU, were assessed against HepG2 and Huh7 cells. In addition, the effects of these fractions on p-dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced HCC in mice were evaluated. The predicted impacts of selected phenolic constituents of VV fractions on the activity of essential HCC-associated enzymes (NADPH oxidase "NADPH-NOX2", histone deacetylase 1 "HDAC1", and sepiapterin reductase "SepR") were analyzed using molecular docking. The results showed that VVCE and its fractions induced apoptosis and collapsed CD133+ stem cells in the studied cancer cell lines with an efficiency greater than 5-FU. VVF1 and VVF2 exhibited the most effective anticancer fractions in vitro; therefore, we evaluated their influences in mice. VVF1 and VVF2 improved liver morphology and function, induced apoptosis, and lowered the fold expression of various crucial genes that regulate cancer stem cells and other vital pathways for HCC progression. For most of the examined parameters, VVF1 and VVF2 had higher potency than 5-FU, and VVF1 showed more efficiency than VVF2. The selected phenolic compounds displayed competitive inhibitory action on NADPH-NOX2, HDAC1, and SepR. In conclusion, these findings declare that VV polyphenolic fractions, particularly VVF1, could be promising safe anti-HCC agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Z Shaban
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt.
| | - Walaa A Hegazy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Iman M Talaat
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Olfat M Awad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt.
| | - Noha H Habashy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
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Cholich L, Pistán M, Torres A, Hernández D, Moro R, Gómez T, Gardner D, Bustillo S. Ipomoea carnea alkaloid extract vs swainsonine: A comparative study on cytotoxic activity against glial cells. Toxicon 2023; 235:107325. [PMID: 37838004 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of Ipomoea carnea produces a neurological syndrome in animals. The toxic principles of I. carnea are the alkaloids swainsonine (SW) and calystegines B1, B2, B3 and C1. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of an alkaloid extract of Ipomoea carnea (AEE) and natural swainsonine (SW) isolated from Astragalus lentiginosus (25-1000 μM of SW) for 48 h in a glioma cell line. Although the natural SW did not induce any changes in cell viability, the AEE exhibited a dose dependent cytotoxic effect and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) indicative of cytolysis. In order to evaluate the morphological changes involved, cells were examined using phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy with acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining. The AEE caused a cell death compatible with necrosis, whereas exposure to 1000 μM of SW resulted in cytoplasmic vacuolation. Immunocytochemical studies revealed that astrocytes treated with 150 μM of AEE from I. carnea or 1000 μM of SW exhibited morphological characteristics of cell activation. These findings suggest that swainsonine would not be the only component present in the AEE of I. carnea responsible for in vitro cytotoxicity. Calystegines might also play a role in acting synergistically and triggering cell death through necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cholich
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina; The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - María Pistán
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina; The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Ana Torres
- Natural Products Laboratory, IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - David Hernández
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Moro
- Biological and Molecular Investigations Group (GIBYM), IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Tamara Gómez
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Dale Gardner
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Soledad Bustillo
- Biological and Molecular Investigations Group (GIBYM), IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
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3
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McDonald R, Larsen M, Liu Z, Southekal S, Eudy J, Guda C, Kumar TR. RNA-seq analysis identifies age-dependent changes in expression of mRNAs - encoding N-glycosylation pathway enzymes in mouse gonadotropes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 574:111971. [PMID: 37301504 PMCID: PMC10528389 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein that is assembled as a heterodimer of α/β subunits in gonadotropes. Each subunit contains two N-glycan chains. Our previous in vivo genetic studies identified that at least one N-glycan chain must be present on the FSHβ subunit for efficient FSH dimer assembly and secretion. Moreover, macroheterogeneity observed uniquely on human FSHβ results in ratiometric changes in age-specific FSH glycoforms, particularly during menopausal transition. Despite the recognition of many prominent roles of sugars on FSH including dimer assembly and secretion, serum half-life, receptor binding and signal transduction, the N-glycosylation machinery in gonadotropes has never been defined. Here, we used a mouse model in which gonadotropes are GFP-labeled in vivo and achieved rapid purification of GFP+ gonadotropes from pituitaries of female mice at reproductively young, middle, and old ages. We identified by RNA-seq analysis 52 mRNAs encoding N-glycosylation pathway enzymes expressed in 3- and 8-10-month-old mouse gonadotropes. We hierarchically mapped and localized the enzymes to distinct subcellular organelles within the N-glycosylation biosynthetic pathway. Of the 52 mRNAs, we found 27 mRNAs are differentially expressed between the 3- and 8-10-month old mice. We subsequently selected 8 mRNAs which showed varying changes in expression for confirmation of abundance in vivo via qPCR analysis, using more expanded aging time points with distinct 8-month and 14-month age groups. Real time qPCR analysis indicated dynamic changes in expression of N-glycosylation pathway enzyme-encoding mRNAs across the life span. Notably, computational analysis predicted the promoters of genes encoding these 8 mRNAs contain multiple high probability binding sites for estrogen receptor-1 and progesterone receptor. Collectively, our studies define the N-glycome and identify age-specific dynamic changes in mRNAs encoding N-glycosylation pathway enzymes in mouse gonadotropes. Our studies suggest the age-related decline in ovarian steroids may regulate expression of N-glycosylation enzymes in mouse gonadotropes and explain the age-related N-glycosylation shift previously observed on human FSHβ subunit in pituitaries of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary McDonald
- Garduate Program in Integrated Physiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Mark Larsen
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Siddesh Southekal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - James Eudy
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Garduate Program in Integrated Physiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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de-Souza-Ferreira M, Ferreira ÉE, de-Freitas-Junior JCM. Aberrant N-glycosylation in cancer: MGAT5 and β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycans as critical regulators of tumor development and progression. Cell Oncol 2023; 46:481-501. [PMID: 36689079 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in protein glycosylation are widely observed in tumor cells. N-glycan branching through adding β1,6-linked N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) to an α1,6-linked mannose, which is catalyzed by the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (MGAT5 or GnT-V), is one of the most frequently observed tumor-associated glycan structure formed. Increased levels of this branching structure play a pro-tumoral role in various ways, for example, through the stabilization of growth factor receptors, the destabilization of intercellular adhesion, or the acquisition of a migratory phenotype. CONCLUSION In this review, we provide an updated and comprehensive summary of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of MGAT5 and β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycans, including their regulatory mechanisms. Specific emphasis is given to the role of MGAT5 and β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycans in cellular mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of solid tumors. We also provide insight into possible future clinical implications, such as the use of MGAT5 as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle de-Souza-Ferreira
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cancer Glycobiology Group, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37 André Cavalcanti Street, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Érika Elias Ferreira
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cancer Glycobiology Group, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37 André Cavalcanti Street, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Madureira de-Freitas-Junior
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cancer Glycobiology Group, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37 André Cavalcanti Street, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil.
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Zhong YL, Wang PQ, Hao DL, Sui F, Zhang FB, Li B. Traditional Chinese medicine for transformation of gastric precancerous lesions to gastric cancer: A critical review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:36-54. [PMID: 36684050 PMCID: PMC9850768 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common gastrointestinal tumor. Gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) are the last pathological stage before normal gastric mucosa transforms into GC. However, preventing the transformation from GPL to GC remains a challenge. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat gastric disease for millennia. A series of TCM formulas and active compounds have shown therapeutic effects in both GC and GPL. This article reviews recent progress on the herbal drugs and pharmacological mechanisms of TCM in preventing the transformation from GPL to GC, especially focusing on anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis. This review may provide a meaningful reference for the prevention of the transformation from GPL to GC using TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng-Qian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dan-Li Hao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Feng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Feng-Bin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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6
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Drogalin A. Advances in the Chemistry of (−)‐D‐Swainsonine. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Drogalin
- Centro de Química Universidade do Minho Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
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7
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Almahayni K, Spiekermann M, Fiore A, Yu G, Pedram K, Möckl L. Small molecule inhibitors of mammalian glycosylation. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 16:100108. [PMID: 36467541 PMCID: PMC9713294 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are one of the fundamental biopolymers encountered in living systems. Compared to polynucleotide and polypeptide biosynthesis, polysaccharide biosynthesis is a uniquely combinatorial process to which interdependent enzymes with seemingly broad specificities contribute. The resulting intracellular cell surface, and secreted glycans play key roles in health and disease, from embryogenesis to cancer progression. The study and modulation of glycans in cell and organismal biology is aided by small molecule inhibitors of the enzymes involved in glycan biosynthesis. In this review, we survey the arsenal of currently available inhibitors, focusing on agents which have been independently validated in diverse systems. We highlight the utility of these inhibitors and drawbacks to their use, emphasizing the need for innovation for basic research as well as for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Almahayni
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Malte Spiekermann
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonio Fiore
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Kayvon Pedram
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA,Corresponding authors.
| | - Leonhard Möckl
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Corresponding authors.
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Jana R, Begam HM, Dinda E. The emergence of the C-H functionalization strategy in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10842-10866. [PMID: 34596175 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the market competitiveness and urgent societal need, an optimum speed of drug discovery is an important criterion for successful implementation. Despite the rapid ascent of artificial intelligence and computational and bioanalytical techniques to accelerate drug discovery in big pharma, organic synthesis of privileged scaffolds predicted in silico for in vitro and in vivo studies is still considered as the rate-limiting step. C-H activation is the latest technology added into an organic chemist's toolbox for the rapid construction and late-stage modification of functional molecules to achieve the desired chemical and physical properties. Particularly, elimination of prefunctionalization steps, exceptional functional group tolerance, complexity-to-diversity oriented synthesis, and late-stage functionalization of privileged medicinal scaffolds expand the chemical space. It has immense potential for the rapid synthesis of a library of molecules, structural modification to achieve the required pharmacological properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicology (ADMET) and attachment of chemical reporters for proteome profiling, metabolite synthesis, etc. for preclinical studies. Although heterocycle synthesis, late-stage drug modification, 18F labelling, methylation, etc. via C-H functionalization have been reviewed from the synthetic standpoint, a general overview of these protocols from medicinal and drug discovery aspects has not been reviewed. In this feature article, we will discuss the recent trends of C-H activation methodologies such as synthesis of medicinal scaffolds through C-H activation/annulation cascade; C-H arylation for sp2-sp2 and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling; C-H borylation/silylation to introduce a functional linchpin for further manipulation; C-H amination for N-heterocycles and hydrogen bond acceptors; C-H fluorination/fluoroalkylation to tune polarity and lipophilicity; C-H methylation: methyl magic in drug discovery; peptide modification and macrocyclization for therapeutics and biologics; fluorescent labelling and radiolabelling for bioimaging; bioconjugation for chemical biology studies; drug-metabolite synthesis for biodistribution and excretion studies; late-stage diversification of drug-molecules to increase efficacy and safety; cutting-edge DNA encoded library synthesis and improved synthesis of drug molecules via C-H activation in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Hasina Mamataj Begam
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Enakshi Dinda
- Department of Chemistry and Environment, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700107, India
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Targeting cancer via Golgi α-mannosidase II inhibition: How far have we come in developing effective inhibitors? Carbohydr Res 2021; 508:108395. [PMID: 34280804 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of glycosylation pathways has been well documented in several types of cancer, where it often participates in cancer development and progression, especially cancer metastasis. Hence, inhibition of glycosidases such as mannosidases can disrupt the biosynthesis of glycans on cell surface glycoproteins and modify their role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Several reviews have delineated the role of N-glycosylation in cancer, but the data regarding effective inhibitors remains sparse. Golgi α-mannosidase has been an attractive therapeutic target for preventing the formation of ß1,6-branched complex type N-glycans. However, due to its high structural similarity to the broadly specific lysosomal α-mannosidase, undesired co-inhibition occurs and this leads to serious side effects that complicates its potential role as a therapeutic agent. Even though extensive efforts have been geared towards the discovery of effective inhibitors, no breakthrough has been achieved thus far which could allow for their use in clinical settings. Improving the specificity of current inhibitors towards Golgi α-mannosidase is requisite in progressing this class of compounds in cancer chemotherapy. In this review, we highlight a few potent and selective inhibitors discovered up to the present to guide researchers for rational design of further effective inhibitors to overcome the issue of specificity.
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10
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Diversity in Chemical Structures and Biological Properties of Plant Alkaloids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113374. [PMID: 34204857 PMCID: PMC8199754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals belonging to the group of alkaloids are signature specialized metabolites endowed with countless biological activities. Plants are armored with these naturally produced nitrogenous compounds to combat numerous challenging environmental stress conditions. Traditional and modern healthcare systems have harnessed the potential of these organic compounds for the treatment of many ailments. Various chemical entities (functional groups) attached to the central moiety are responsible for their diverse range of biological properties. The development of the characterization of these plant metabolites and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis is of an utmost priority to deliver enhanced advantages in terms of biological properties and productivity. Further, the incorporation of whole/partial metabolic pathways in the heterologous system and/or the overexpression of biosynthetic steps in homologous systems have both become alternative and lucrative methods over chemical synthesis in recent times. Moreover, in-depth research on alkaloid biosynthetic pathways has revealed numerous chemical modifications that occur during alkaloidal conversions. These chemical reactions involve glycosylation, acylation, reduction, oxidation, and methylation steps, and they are usually responsible for conferring the biological activities possessed by alkaloids. In this review, we aim to discuss the alkaloidal group of plant specialized metabolites and their brief classification covering major categories. We also emphasize the diversity in the basic structures of plant alkaloids arising through enzymatically catalyzed structural modifications in certain plant species, as well as their emerging diverse biological activities. The role of alkaloids in plant defense and their mechanisms of action are also briefly discussed. Moreover, the commercial utilization of plant alkaloids in the marketplace displaying various applications has been enumerated.
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Sharma V, Kamal R, Kumar D, Kumar V. Indolizidine Alkaloids: Prospective Lead Molecules in Medicinal Chemistry. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190617145228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are well known for their therapeutic properties. The primary reason
for their therapeutic effectiveness is the presence of secondary plant metabolites like alkaloids,
glycosides, flavonoids etc. All these metabolites are generally classified as per their
chemical structures. Similarly, diversified alkaloids are classified as per the chemical moieties
like indole, quinoline, Isoquinoline, indolizine etc. Alkaloids having indolizidine moiety
are well known for their biological actions. In this review, indolizidine alkaloids like
antofine, castanospermine, swainsonine, tylophorine, gephyrotoxins, lentiginosine,
pergularinine etc. and their derivatives have been discussed. Furthermore, important points
related to the structure-activity relationship of selected alkaloids are also summarized. All
these studies indicate the lead potential of indolizidine alkaloids that in turn could be effective
for future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, India
| | - Raj Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
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12
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Moise IM, Bîcu E, Farce A, Dubois J, Ghinet A. Indolizine-phenothiazine hybrids as the first dual inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and farnesyltransferase with synergistic antitumor activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Li C, Guo L, Chen F, Yu W, Rao T, Ruan Y. Golgi Alpha-Mannosidase II as a Novel Biomarker Predicts Prognosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Oncol Res Treat 2020; 43:264-275. [PMID: 32403105 DOI: 10.1159/000505931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Golgi alpha-mannosidase II (GM II) is one of the crucial enzymes in the process of N-glycan processing. The aim of our study was to examine the clinical significance of GM II in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze GM II expression in patients with ccRCC. The clinical data of 62 patients with ccRCC were collected to analyze the clinical significance of GM II. The clinical significance among GM II expression, clinicopathological staging, and histological grade of ccRCC was explored. Survival analyses were performed to identify the relevance between the expression of GM II and the overall survival of patients with ccRCC. A uni-/multivariate Cox regression model was used to detect risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with ccRCC. Subsequently, the proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells were detected after transfecting with GM II-short hairpin RNA (shRNA). RESULTS The results of these comparisons suggested that GM II expression of ccRCC tissues was dramatically higher than that of para-carcinoma tissues (p < 0.05). GM II expression in the high-differentiation group was lower than that in the median- and low-differentiation groups (p < 0.05). GM II expression in stage I and II tissues was lower than that in stage III and IV tissues (p < 0.05). The expression levels of GM II in the group without lymph node metastasis were lower than those in the group with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). Survival analysis indicated that patients with ccRCC with high GM II expression generally had decreased overall survival. Uni-/multivariate Cox model analyses further suggested an association between GM II expression and prognosis of patients with breast cancer. High GM II expression is a potential and independent prognostic biomarker in ccRCC. The inhibition of GM II by transfecting with GM II-shRNA could reduce the proliferation and migration of ccRCC. CONCLUSION GM II expression in human ccRCC tissues was upregulated compared with that found in normal human renal tissue, and GM II may promote the progression and migration of ccRCC. Furthermore, the GM II gene may be used as a promising tumor marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linjie Guo
- Department of Urology, Jingzhou First People's Hospital, Jingzhou, China,
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiming Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Mikolajczyk K, Kaczmarek R, Czerwinski M. How glycosylation affects glycosylation: the role of N-glycans in glycosyltransferase activity. Glycobiology 2020; 30:941-969. [PMID: 32363402 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications of proteins. It plays important roles in the biogenesis and functions of proteins by influencing their folding, intracellular localization, stability and solubility. N-glycans are synthesized by glycosyltransferases, a complex group of ubiquitous enzymes that occur in most kingdoms of life. A growing body of evidence shows that N-glycans may influence processing and functions of glycosyltransferases, including their secretion, stability and substrate/acceptor affinity. Changes in these properties may have a profound impact on glycosyltransferase activity. Indeed, some glycosyltransferases have to be glycosylated themselves for full activity. N-glycans and glycosyltransferases play roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases (including cancers), so studies on glycosyltransferases may contribute to the development of new therapy methods and novel glycoengineered enzymes with improved properties. In this review, we focus on the role of N-glycosylation in the activity of glycosyltransferases and attempt to summarize all available data about this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Mikolajczyk
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
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Lv H, Zhang S, Hao X. Swainsonine protects H9c2 cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and inflammatory injury via down-regulating miR-429. Cell Cycle 2019; 19:207-217. [PMID: 31876239 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1706902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric myocarditis (PM) is usually related to myocardial dysfunction. Generally, 30% of PM patients will die or undergo heart transplantation. Swainsonine (SW) is a natural alkaloid and an anti-cancer substance. Our goal was to determine the roles of SW in PM in current study. H9c2 cells were pre-treated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Viability and apoptosis were evaluated utilizing CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokines' mRNA expression and production were assessed by western blot and ELISA. Western blot was utilized to distinguish apoptosis and immune-related factors expression. Sequentially, the abovementioned parameters were reassessed when miR-429 was overexpressed. LPS declined viability as well as raised apoptosis and inflammatory injury in H9c2 cells. SW alleviated apoptosis and inflammatory injury induced by LPS. MiR-429 expression was elevated by LPS and suppressed by SW. SW-induced the increasing of viability and the reduction of inflammatory injury were reversed by overexpression of miR-429. Eventually, SW inhibited p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway which activated by LPS via overexpressing miR-429. SW exerted its anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory function in LPS-treated H9c2 cells through p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway and down-regulation of miR-429.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Xiaohong Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
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16
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Wang F, Chen X, Yuan D, Yi Y, Luo Y. Golgi reassembly and stacking protein 65 downregulation is required for the anti-cancer effect of dihydromyricetin on human ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225450. [PMID: 31770410 PMCID: PMC6879129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi reassembly and stacking protein 65 (GRASP65), which has been involved in cancer progression, is associated with tumor growth and cell apoptosis. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) has demonstrated antitumor activity in different types of human cancers. However, the pharmacological effects of DHM on ovarian cancer (OC) and the molecular mechanisms that underlie these effects are largely unknown. The present study showed that DHM reduced cell migration and invasion in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and induced cell apoptosis primarily through upregulation of Cleaved-caspase-3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in OCs. To further clarify the cancer therapeutic target, we assessed the effect of DHM on the expression of GRASP65, which is overexpressed in human ovarian cancer tissues. DHM activated caspase-3 and decreased GRASP65 expression to promote cell apoptosis, implying that downregulation of GRASP65 was related to DHM-induced cell apoptosis. Additionally, the knockdown of GRASP65 by siRNA resulted in increased apoptosis after DHM treatment, while western blot and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that overexpression of GRASP65 attenuated DHM-mediated apoptosis. In addition, the JNK/ERK pathway may be involved in DHM-mediated caspase-3 activation and GRASP65 downregulation. Taken together, these findings provide novel evidence of the anti-cancer properties of DHM in OCs, indicating that DHM is a potential therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer through the inhibition of GRASP65 expression and the regulation of JNK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Xianbing Chen
- Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Depei Yuan
- Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yongfen Yi
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhu S, Li Y, Xiao W, Yang Y. High expression of GMⅡ is associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4379-4389. [PMID: 31239707 PMCID: PMC6560196 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s203345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Being an important N-glycosylation enzyme in eukaryotic cells, Golgi α-mannosidaseⅡ (GMⅡ) has been suggested to function as a target for cancer treatment based on the inhibitory effect on cancer growth and metastasis by the swainsonine, an inhibitor of GMⅡ. This study aims to investigate GMⅡ expression and its prognostic value in primary gastric cancer. Methods: The GMⅡ expression was examined by using the quantitative PCR and Western blotting in 37 paired gastric cancer and noncancerous tissues. We analyzed the relationship between its expression and the clinicopathological parameters by immunohistochemistry in 185 paraffin-embedded gastric cancer tissue specimens. Furthermore, we detected the GMⅡ expression in cultured gastric cancer cell lines and the normal gastric cell line and observed the changes of proliferative and invasive capacities of gastric cell lines after GMⅡ scilencing and overexpressing in vitro. Results: The GMⅡ mRNA (P<0.0001) and protein (P<0.01) expression of 37 tumor tissues were increased compared with those of the matched adjacent normal tissues. Human gastric cancer cell lines also showed higher GMⅡ expression (P<0.001) compared with normal gastric cell lines. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that GMⅡ was an independent predictor of the overall survival of patients. In addition, GMⅡ overexpression in the normal gastric cell line GES-1 significantly promoted the cell proliferation and invasion, while GMⅡ knockdown in gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and invasion. Conclusion: GMⅡ may become an indicator for monitoring the prognosis of primary gastric cancer and it may provide a new direction for precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaying Yang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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Sun L, Jin X, Xie L, Xu G, Cui Y, Chen Z. Swainsonine represses glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by reduction of miR-92a expression. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:247. [PMID: 30890138 PMCID: PMC6425678 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swainsonine is a natural indolizidine alkaloid, its anti-tumor activity has been widely reported in varied cancers. This study aimed to investigate whether Swainsonine exerted anti-tumor impact on glioma cells, likewise uncovered the relative molecular mechanisms. METHODS After administration with diverse concentrations of Swainsonine, cell growth, migration and invasion in U251 and LN444 cells were appraised by the common-used CCK-8, BrdU, flow cytometry and Transwell assays. MiR-92a mimic, inhibitor and the correlative NC were transfected into U251 and LN444 cells, and assessment of miR-92a expression was by utilizing qRT-PCR. Functions of miR-92a in above-mentioned cell biological processes were analyzed again in Swainsonine-treated cells. The momentous proteins of cell cycle, apoptosis and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were ultimately examined by western blot. RESULTS Swainsonine significantly hindered cell proliferation through decreasing cell viability, declining the percentage of BrdU cells, down-regulating CyclinD1 and up-regulating p16 expression. Enhancement of percentage of apoptotic cells was presented in Swainsonine-treated cells via activating cleaved-Caspase-3 and cleaved-Caspase-9. Additionally, Swainsonine impeded the abilities of migration and invasion by decreasing MMP-2, MMP-9, Vimentin and E-cadherin. Repression of miR-92a was observed in Swainsonine-treated cells, and miR-92a overexpression overturned the anti-tumor activity of Swainsonine in glioma cells. Finally, western blot assay displayed that Swainsonine hindered PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway via regulating miR-92a. CONCLUSIONS These discoveries corroborated that Swainsonine exerted anti-tumor impacts on glioma cells via repression of miR-92a, and inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033 Jilin Province China
| | - Xingyi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033 Jilin Province China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin Province China
| | - Guangjun Xu
- Department of Science and Education, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin Province China
| | - Yunxia Cui
- Department of Science and Education, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin Province China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033 Jilin Province China
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19
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Underlin EN, Jensen HH. Synthesis of nortropane alkaloid calystegine B2 from methyl α-d-xylopyranoside. Carbohydr Res 2019; 472:122-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Lee J, Lee CY, Seo HH, Bazarragchaa B, Batdelger G, Choi S, Hwang KC, Lee S, Lim S. Extract of Oxytropis pseudoglandulosa inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via suppression of ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 69:277-287. [PMID: 29660921 DOI: 10.3233/ch-189126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Excessive vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration accelerate the development of occlusive vascular disease. Therefore, finding a means to control the aberrant proliferation and migration of VSMCs has own clinical significance. In the present study, we examined the feasibility of using extract from medicinal plant Oxytropis pseudoglandulosa (OG) to control pathologic proliferation and migration of VSMCs, which never have been tested. Our data indicate that the extract of OG significantly suppressed proliferation and migration of VSMCs without cytotoxic effect, suggesting the OG extract may be an alternative agent to effectively control the aberrant VSMC proliferation and migration without any serious adverse effect. These data suggest that the extract of OG may be a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of occlusive vascular disease and warrant further studies to identify the major acting ingredient and to validate in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Youn Lee
- Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyang-Hee Seo
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Gantuya Batdelger
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MAS), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center (IBMRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Seahyoung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
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de Freitas Junior JCM, Morgado-Díaz JA. The role of N-glycans in colorectal cancer progression: potential biomarkers and therapeutic applications. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19395-413. [PMID: 26539643 PMCID: PMC4991391 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in glycosylation, which is one of the most common protein post-translational modifications, are considered to be a hallmark of cancer. N-glycans can modulate cell migration, cell-cell adhesion, cell signaling, growth and metastasis. The colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality and the correlation between CRC progression and changes in the pattern of expression of N-glycans is being considered in the search for new biomarkers. Here, we review the role of N-glycans in CRC cell biology. The perspectives on emerging N-glycan-related anticancer therapies, along with new insights and challenges, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Andrés Morgado-Díaz
- Cellular Biology Program, Structural Biology Group, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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22
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Aidi Wannes W, Saidani Tounsi M, Marzouk B. A review of Tunisian medicinal plants with anticancer activity. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 15:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2017-0052/jcim-2017-0052.xml. [PMID: 28915116 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem in the world. The use of the medicinal plants in cancer prevention and management is frequent in Africa, especially in Tunisia, and it is transmitted from generation to generation within cultures. Many previous studies showed that a wide range of Tunisian medicinal plants exerted cytotoxic and anticancer activity. A comprehensive review was conducted to collect information from scientific journal articles, including indigenous knowledge researches, about Tunisian medicinal plants used for the prevention and management of cancer. The aim of this review article is to provide the reader with information concerning the importance of Tunisian medicinal plants in the prevention and management of cancer and to open the door for the health professionals and scientists working in the field of pharmacology and therapeutics to produce new drug formulations to treat different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissem Aidi Wannes
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnologic Center Borj-Cedria Technopark, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Moufida Saidani Tounsi
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnologic Center Borj-Cedria Technopark, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Brahim Marzouk
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnologic Center Borj-Cedria Technopark, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Ma J, Wang L, Li J, Zhang G, Tao H, Li X, Sun D, Hu Y. Swainsonine Inhibits Invasion and the EMT Process in Esophageal Carcinoma Cells by Targeting Twist1. Oncol Res 2017; 26:1207-1213. [PMID: 28899457 PMCID: PMC7844710 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x15046134836575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a common gastrointestinal cancer, with a very high mortality rate in patients with metastasis. Swainsonine, a cytotoxic fungal alkaloid, has been shown to inhibit cell growth in esophageal cancer. In the present study, we explored the effects of swainsonine on cell invasion and metastasis in esophageal cancer cells. Human esophageal carcinoma cells were treated with different doses of swainsonine, and then cell viability, invasion, and apoptosis were measured. The mRNA and protein expressions of Twist1, apoptosis- and EMT-related factors, and PI3K/AKT pathway factors were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Swainsonine had no effect on esophageal cancer cell viability and apoptosis, but it significantly decreased cell invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Swainsonine increased the expression of E-cadherin but decreased the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, ZEB1, and snail in a dose-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting EMT. Last, we found that swainsonine inhibits cell invasion and EMT in the esophageal carcinoma cells by downregulation of Twist1 and deactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxun Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Danyang Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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Wedd L, Ashby R, Foret S, Maleszka R. Developmental and loco-like effects of a swainsonine-induced inhibition of α-mannosidase in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3109. [PMID: 28321369 PMCID: PMC5357340 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deficiencies in lysosomal a-mannosidase (LAM) activity in animals, caused either by mutations or by consuming toxic alkaloids, lead to severe phenotypic and behavioural consequences. Yet, epialleles adversely affecting LAM expression exist in the honey bee population suggesting that they might be beneficial in certain contexts and cannot be eliminated by natural selection. Methods We have used a combination of enzymology, molecular biology and metabolomics to characterise the catalytic properties of honey bee LAM (AmLAM) and then used an indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine to inhibit its activity in vitro and in vivo. Results We show that AmLAM is inhibited in vitro by swainsonine albeit at slightly higher concentrations than in other animals. Dietary exposure of growing larvae to swainsonine leads to pronounced metabolic changes affecting not only saccharides, but also amino acids, polyols and polyamines. Interestingly, the abundance of two fatty acids implicated in epigenetic regulation is significantly reduced in treated individuals. Additionally, swainsonie causes loco-like symptoms, increased mortality and a subtle decrease in the rate of larval growth resulting in a subsequent developmental delay in pupal metamorphosis. Discussion We consider our findings in the context of cellular LAM function, larval development, environmental toxicity and colony-level impacts. The observed developmental heterochrony in swainsonine-treated larvae with lower LAM activity offer a plausible explanation for the existence of epialleles with impaired LAM expression. Individuals carrying such epialleles provide an additional level of epigenetic diversity that could be beneficial for the functioning of a colony whereby more flexibility in timing of adult emergence might be useful for task allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wedd
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - Regan Ashby
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Health Research Institute, Faculty of Education, Science, Technology and Mathematics, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sylvain Foret
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - Ryszard Maleszka
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
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Sladek V, Kóňa J, Tokiwa H. In silico analysis of interaction pattern switching in ligand⋯receptor binding in Golgi α-mannosidase II induced by the protonated states of inhibitors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:12527-12537. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01200d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Different binding modes for charge-neutral and protonated inhibitor forms in Golgi α-mannosidase II active sites may influence their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Sladek
- Institute of Chemistry – Centre for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
- Dept. of Chemistry
| | - J. Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry – Centre for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - H. Tokiwa
- Dept. of Chemistry
- Rikkyo University
- Toshima
- Japan
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Wang HY, Kato A, Kinami K, Li YX, Fleet GWJ, Yu CY. Concise synthesis of calystegines B2 and B3via intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4885-96. [PMID: 27161660 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00697c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The key step in the concise syntheses of calystegine B2 and its C-2 epimer calystegine B3 was the construction of cycloheptanone 8via an intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction of 9, an aldehyde containing a Z-vinyl iodide. Vinyl iodide 9 was obtained by the Stork olefination of aldehyde 10, derived from carbohydrate starting materials. Calystegines B2 (3) and B3 (4) were synthesized from d-xylose and l-arabinose derivatives respectively in 11 steps in excellent overall yields (27% and 19%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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27
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Wu L, Chen P, Liu G. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Aminofluorination of Alkenes in Total Synthesis 6-(R)-Fluoroswainsonine and 5-(R)-Fluorofebrifugine. Org Lett 2016; 18:960-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, China, 200032
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28
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Abstract
The Golgi apparatus-complex is a highly dynamic organelle which is considered the "heart" of intracellular transportation. Since its discovery by Camillo Golgi in 1873, who described it as the "black reaction," and despite the enormous volume of publications about Golgi, this apparatus remains one of the most enigmatic of the cytoplasmic organelles. A typical mammalian Golgi consists of a parallel series of flattened, disk-shaped cisternae which align into stacks. The tremendous volume of Golgi-related incoming and outgoing traffic is mediated by different motor proteins, including members of the dynein, kinesin, and myosin families. Yet in spite of the strenuous work it performs, Golgi contrives to maintain its monolithic morphology and orchestration of matrix and residential proteins. However, in response to stress, alcohol, and treatment with many pharmacological drugs over time, Golgi undergoes a kind of disorganization which ranges from mild enlargement to critical scattering. While fragmentation of the Golgi was confirmed in cancer by electron microscopy almost fifty years ago, it is only in recent years that we have begun to understand the significance of Golgi fragmentation in the biology of tumors. Below author would like to focus on how Golgi fragmentation opens the doors for cascades of fatal pathways which may facilitate cancer progression and metastasis. Among the issues addressed will be the most important cancer-specific hallmarks of Golgi fragmentation, including aberrant glycosylation, abnormal expression of the Ras GTPases, dysregulation of kinases, and hyperactivity of myosin motor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Petrosyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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29
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Swainsonine-induced apoptosis pathway in cerebral cortical neurons. Res Vet Sci 2015; 102:34-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
This review of simple indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids (i.e., those in which the parent bicyclic systems are in general not embedded in polycyclic arrays) is an update of the previous coverage in Volume 55 of this series (2001). The present survey covers the literature from mid-1999 to the end of 2013; and in addition to aspects of the isolation, characterization, and biological activity of the alkaloids, much emphasis is placed on their total synthesis. A brief introduction to the topic is followed by an overview of relevant alkaloids from fungal and microbial sources, among them slaframine, cyclizidine, Steptomyces metabolites, and the pantocins. The important iminosugar alkaloids lentiginosine, steviamine, swainsonine, castanospermine, and related hydroxyindolizidines are dealt with in the subsequent section. The fourth and fifth sections cover metabolites from terrestrial plants. Pertinent plant alkaloids bearing alkyl, functionalized alkyl or alkenyl substituents include dendroprimine, anibamine, simple alkaloids belonging to the genera Prosopis, Elaeocarpus, Lycopodium, and Poranthera, and bicyclic alkaloids of the lupin family. Plant alkaloids bearing aryl or heteroaryl substituents include ipalbidine and analogs, secophenanthroindolizidine and secophenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids (among them septicine, julandine, and analogs), ficuseptine, lasubines, and other simple quinolizidines of the Lythraceae, the simple furyl-substituted Nuphar alkaloids, and a mixed quinolizidine-quinazoline alkaloid. The penultimate section of the review deals with the sizable group of simple indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids isolated from, or detected in, ants, mites, and terrestrial amphibians, and includes an overview of the "dietary hypothesis" for the origin of the amphibian metabolites. The final section surveys relevant alkaloids from marine sources, and includes clathryimines and analogs, stellettamides, the clavepictines and pictamine, and bis(quinolizidine) alkaloids.
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Wang J, Song L, Zhang Q, Zhang W, An L, Zhang Y, Tong D, Zhao B, Chen S, Zhao S. Exposure to swainsonine impairs adult neurogenesis and spatial learning and memory. Toxicol Lett 2015; 232:263-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Synthesis of l-3-epi-isofagomine, its homo-, n-butyl and bicyclic analogues from d-glucose as glycosidase inhibitors. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pinho SS, Carvalho S, Marcos-Pinto R, Magalhães A, Oliveira C, Gu J, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Carneiro F, Seruca R, Reis CA. Gastric cancer: adding glycosylation to the equation. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:664-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lu H, Zhang L, Wang SS, Wang WL, Zhao BY. The study of the Oxytropis kansuensis-induced apoptotic pathway in the cerebrum of SD rats. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:217. [PMID: 24148892 PMCID: PMC4015804 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locoweeds cause significant livestock poisoning and economic loss all over the world. Animals can develop locoism, a chronic neurological disease, after grazing on locoweeds. Oxytropis kansuensis is a variety of locoweed that contains swainsonine as its main toxic ingredient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the apoptotic pathway induced in the cerebrum by swainsonine. RESULTS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (experimental groups I, II, III and a control group) and 6 SD rats of each group were feed in 3 cages separately. Rats were penned as groups and fed with feeds containing 15% (SW content 0.03‰), 30% (SW content 0.06‰), or 45% (SW content 0.09‰) O. kansuensis for experimental groups I, II, and III, respectively, or complete feed in the case of the control group. One hundred and nineteen days after poisoning, and all rats showed neurological disorders at different degrees, which were considered to be successful established a chronic poisoning model of O. kansuensis. rats were sacrificed and the expression of Fas, FasL, Bcl-2, Bax as well as cleaved caspase-3, -8 and -9 proteins in brain tissues were detected by Western blot. The results showed that SW treatment up-regulated Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) (P < 0.05), and that there was an increase in Bax and a decrease in Bcl-2 protein (P < 0.01). Moreover, SW treatment significantly increases the activation of caspase-3, 8 and -9, the key effectors in apoptosis pathway (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that SW induces apoptosis in cells of the brain through death receptor and mitochondria-mediated, caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways in the brain tissue of SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan-shan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-long Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao-yu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
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Allan G, Ouadid-Ahidouch H, Sanchez-Fernandez EM, Risquez-Cuadro R, Fernandez JMG, Ortiz-Mellet C, Ahidouch A. New castanospermine glycoside analogues inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis without affecting normal cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76411. [PMID: 24124558 PMCID: PMC3790671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
sp2-Iminosugar-type castanospermine analogues have been shown to exhibit anti-tumor activity. However, their effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis and the molecular mechanism at play are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of two representatives, namely the pseudo-S- and C-octyl glycoside 2-oxa-3-oxocastanospermine derivatives SO-OCS and CO-OCS, on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and MCF-10A mammary normal cell lines. We found that SO-OCS and CO-OCS inhibited breast cancer cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. This effect is specific to breast cancer cells as both molecules had no impact on normal MCF-10A cell proliferation. Both drugs induced a cell cycle arrest. CO-OCS arrested cell cycle at G1 and G2/M in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231cells respectively. In MCF-7 cells, the G1 arrest is associated with a reduction of CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4), cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression, pRb phosphorylation, and an overexpression of p21Waf1/Cip1. In MDA-MB-231 cells, CO-OCS reduced CDK1 but not cyclin B1 expression. SO-OCS accumulated cells in G2/M in both cell lines and this blockade was accompanied by a decrease of CDK1, but not cyclin B1 expression. Furthermore, both drugs induced apoptosis as demonstrated by the increased percentage of annexin V positive cells and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Interestingly, in normal MCF-10A cells the two drugs failed to modify cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cyclins, or CDKs expression. These results demonstrate that the effect of CO-OCS and SO-OCS is triggered by both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, suggesting that these castanospermine analogues may constitute potential anti-cancer agents against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Allan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (EA 4667), SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4132), UFR of Sciences, UPJV, Amiens, France
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (EA 4667), SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4132), UFR of Sciences, UPJV, Amiens, France
- * E-mail: (HOA); (AA)
| | | | - Rocío Risquez-Cuadro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Ortiz-Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ahmed Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (EA 4667), SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4132), UFR of Sciences, UPJV, Amiens, France
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
- * E-mail: (HOA); (AA)
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Vioque J, Cortés-Giraldo I, Alaiz M, Girón-Calle J, Megías C. Nutritional and functional characteristics of Erophaca baetica seeds, a legume endemic to the Mediterranean region. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2013. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.107412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Li Z, Huang Y, Dong F, Li W, Ding L, Yu G, Xu D, Yang Y, Xu X, Tong D. Swainsonine promotes apoptosis in human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo through activation of mitochondrial pathway. J Biosci 2013; 37:1005-16. [PMID: 23151791 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-012-9265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Swainsonine, a natural indolizidine alkaloid, has been reported to have antitumour effects, and can induce apoptosis in human gastric and lung cancer cells. In the present study, we evaluated the antitumour effects of swainsonine on several oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells and investigated relative molecular mechanisms. Swainsonine treatment inhibited the growth of Eca-109, TE-1 and TE-10 cells in a concentration-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay. Morphological observation, DNA laddering detection and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that swainsonine treatment induced Eca-109 cell apoptosis in vitro. Further results showed that swainsonine treatment up-regulated Bax, downregulated Bcl-2 expression, triggered Bax translocation to mitochondria, destructed mitochondria integrity and activated mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, followed by the release of cytochrome c, which in turn activated caspase-9 and caspase-3, promoted the cleavage of PARP, resulting in Eca-109 cell apoptosis. Moreover, swainsonine treatment inhibited Bcl-2 expression, promoted Bax translocation, cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation in xenograft tumour cells, resulting in a significant decrease of tumour volume and tumour weight in the swainsoninetreated xenograft mice groups compared with that in the control group. Taken together, this study demonstrated that swainsonine inhibited Eca-109 cells growth through activation of mitochondria-mediated caspase-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocal Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
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Lee BK, Choi HG, Roh EJ, Lee WK, Sim T. Stereoselective synthesis of (−)-8-epi-swainsonine starting with a chiral aziridine. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lumbroso A, Beaudet I, Toupet L, Le Grognec E, Quintard JP. Stereodivergent Synthesis of Iminosugars from Stannylated Derivatives of (S)-Vinylglycinol. Org Lett 2012; 15:160-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol303213r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lumbroso
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France, and Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251−Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Beaudet
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France, and Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251−Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Loïc Toupet
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France, and Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251−Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Erwan Le Grognec
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France, and Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251−Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Paul Quintard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France, and Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251−Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Wang YC, Lin YH. Anti-gastric adenocarcinoma activity of 2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, an anti-Helicobacter pylori compound from Impatiens balsamina L. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1336-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Araújo N, Jenkinson SF, Martínez RF, Glawar AFG, Wormald MR, Butters TD, Nakagawa S, Adachi I, Kato A, Yoshihara A, Akimitsu K, Izumori K, Fleet GWJ. Synthesis from d-Altrose of (5R,6R,7R,8S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-8-hydroxymethylconidine and 2,4-Dideoxy-2,4-imino-d-glucitol, Azetidine Analogues of Swainsonine and 1,4-Dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-mannitol. Org Lett 2012; 14:4174-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301844n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Araújo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Sarah F. Jenkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - R. Fernando Martínez
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Andreas F. G. Glawar
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Mark R. Wormald
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Terry D. Butters
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Shinpei Nakagawa
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Isao Adachi
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Akihide Yoshihara
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Ken Izumori
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
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Castilla J, Rísquez R, Cruz D, Higaki K, Nanba E, Ohno K, Suzuki Y, Díaz Y, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM, Castillón S. Conformationally-locked N-glycosides with selective β-glucosidase inhibitory activity: identification of a new non-iminosugar-type pharmacological chaperone for Gaucher disease. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6857-65. [PMID: 22762530 DOI: 10.1021/jm3006178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of conformationally locked N-glycosides having a cis-1,2-fused pyranose-1,3-oxazoline-2-thione structure and bearing different substituents at the exocyclic sulfur has been prepared. The polyhydroxylated bicyclic system was built in only three steps by treatment of the corresponding readily available 1,2-anhydrosugar with KSCN using TiO(TFA)(2) as catalyst, followed by S-alkylation and acetyl deprotection. In vitro screening against several glycosidase enzymes showed highly specific inhibition of mammalian β-glucosidase with a marked dependence of the potency upon the nature of the exocyclic substituent. The most potent representative, bearing an S-(ω-hydroxyhexadecyl) substituent, was further assayed as inhibitor of the human lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase and as pharmacological chaperone in Gaucher disease fibroblasts. Activity enhancements in N370S/N370S mutants analogous to those achieved with the reference compound ambroxol were attained with a more favorable chaperone/inhibitor balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Castilla
- Department de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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de-Freitas-Junior JCM, Bastos LG, Freire-Neto CA, Rocher BD, Abdelhay ESFW, Morgado-Díaz JA. N-glycan biosynthesis inhibitors induce in vitro anticancer activity in colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2957-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Li Q, Wang Y, Moldzio R, Lin W, Rausch WD. Swainsonine as a lysosomal toxin affects dopaminergic neurons. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:1483-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li Z, Xu X, Huang Y, Ding L, Wang Z, Yu G, Xu D, Li W, Tong D. Swainsonine activates mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway in human lung cancer A549 cells and retards the growth of lung cancer xenografts. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:394-405. [PMID: 22393311 PMCID: PMC3291856 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Swainsonine (1, 2, 8-trihyroxyindolizidine, SW), a natural alkaloid, has been reported to exhibit anti-cancer activity on several mouse models of human cancer and human cancers in vivo. However, the mechanisms of SW-mediated tumor regression are not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of SW on several human lung cancer cell lines in vitro. The results showed that SW significantly inhibited these cells growth through induction of apoptosis in different extent in vitro. Further studies showed that SW treatment up-regulated Bax, down-regulated Bcl-2 expression, promoted Bax translocation to mitochondria, activated mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, which in turn caused the release of cytochrome c, the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), resulting in A549 cell apoptosis. However, the expression of Fas, Fas ligand (FasL) or caspase-8 activity did not appear significant changes in the process of SW-induced apoptosis. Moreover, SW treatment inhibited Bcl-2 expression, promoted Bax translocation, cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activity in xenograft tumor cells, resulting in a significant decrease of tumor volume and tumor weight in the SW-treated xenograft mice groups in comparison to the control group. Taken together, this study demonstrated for the first time that SW inhibited A549 cancer cells growth through a mitochondria-mediated, caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
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Hueza IM, Górniak SL. The immunomodulatory effects of Ipomoea carnea in rats vary depending on life stage. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 30:1690-700. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110399477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ipomoea carnea Jacq. ssp. fistulosa (Mart. Ex Choisy; Convolvulaceae; I. carnea) possesses a toxic component: an indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine (SW) that has immunomodulatory effects due to its inhibition of glycoprotein metabolism. It is also known that SW is excreted into both the amniotic fluid and milk of female rats exposed to I. carnea. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether SW exposure, either in utero or from the milk of dams treated with I. carnea, modulates offspring immune function into adulthood. In addition, adult (70 days old) and juvenile rats (21 days old) were exposed to I. carnea in order to evaluate several other immune parameters: lymphoid organs relative weight and cellularity, humoral and cellular immune responses. Offspring exposed to I. carnea during lactation developed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adulthood after an immunogenic challenge. In addition, both adult and juvenile rats exposed to I. carnea showed discrepancies in several immune parameters, but did not exhibit any decrease in humoral immune response, which was enhanced at both ages. These findings indicate that SW modulates immune function in adult rats exposed to SW during lactation and in juvenile and adult rats exposed to SW as juveniles and adults, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis M Hueza
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, S.P., Brazil
| | - Silvana L Górniak
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
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Santos FM, Latorre AO, Hueza IM, Sanches DS, Lippi LL, Gardner DR, Spinosa HS. Increased antitumor efficacy by the combined administration of swainsonine and cisplatin in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:1096-1101. [PMID: 21763115 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Swainsonine is a natural α-mannosidase inhibitor found in numerous poisonous plants, such as Astragalus lentiginosus. Its mechanism of action is through the inhibition of Golgi α-mannosidase II activity in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway. As a result, swainsonine inhibits the production of complex β1,6-branched N-linked glycans, which are related to the malignant phenotype of tumor cells. In this study, we investigated whether treatment with swainsonine affects the sensitivity of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells to cisplatin. To this end, male C57BL/6 mice were treated with swainsonine (SW--0.5 mg/kg, i.p., twice-daily for ten days) and/or cisplatin (Cis--0.25 mg/kg, i.p., every other day for a total of five applications) two days after transplantation with EAC cells. The results showed a greater reduction in the ascites volume in mice from the CisSW group (63.5%) than in mice from the Cis group (45.7%), an elevated induction of apoptosis by CisSW treatment when compared to Cis alone, as demonstrated by higher percentage of cells in the subG1 phase in that group (p<0.0001 Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.0001 control vs. CisSW, p<0.001 Co vs. Cis post-test Dunn), and an increase in the median survival from 12.5 days observed in the control group to 27 days in the CisSW group, which corresponds to a 116% survival increase (p=0.0022 Co vs. CisSW Log-rank test). In addition, the mice from the Cis group had a median survival of only 15 days, an increase of just 20% compared to controls. Our results indicate that swainsonine increases the sensitivity of EAC cells to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M Santos
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Dai B, Wang N, He L. Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of the novel taspine derivative tas41 in the Caco-2 cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 31:406-415. [PMID: 21787711 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Taspine was screened and isolated for the first time from Radix et Rhizoma Leonticis. Tas41 is a novel taspine derivative. We investigated the effects of tas41 on proliferation of the Caco-2 cell line using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting (WB). Changes in the cell cycle, apoptosis, activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were investigated after Caco-2 cells were treated with tas41. At the same time, expressions of apoptosis protein bcl-2 and bax were determined. Tas41 was found to induce apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner as confirmed by DNA fragmentation analysis, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. Protein and mRNA expressions of EGF, VEGF, CDK2, bcl-2 and bax were evaluated by ELISA, WB and RT-PCR. Tas41 had a better anti-proliferative effect than taspine on Caco-2 cells. A DNA ladder and apoptosis was observed, and the increased apoptotic activity by tas41 was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of VEGF protein and mRNA. The activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were significantly increased in cells treated with tas41 compared with those in the control group. In addition, protein and mRNA expressions of bcl-2 were decreased, and protein and mRNA expressions of bax were increased. These findings demonstrate that tas41 can inhibit the proliferation of, and induce apoptosis in, Caco-2 cells by activating caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, downregulating the expressions of VEGF, upregulating the ratio of bax/bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #120, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
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Wattenberg LW, Patterson S, Antonides JD. Chitin or chitin-like glycans as targets for late-term cancer chemoprevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 3:1519-22. [PMID: 21149328 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A consistent observation in studies of carcinogenesis is that some glycans are expressed differently in cancer cells than in normal cells. A well-known example is the aberrant β1-6 N-acetyl-d-glucosamine branching associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in many cancers. This commentary proposes that, although not found in normal mammalian cells, a chitin (β-1,4-linked N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) or a chitin-like polysaccharide (e.g., hyaluronan) may exist as a cancer-associated glycan, which can be targeted by the novel pyrimidine nucleotide derivative SP-1015 (designed as a chitin synthase inhibitor). Preliminary chemoprevention data of our group showed SP-1015 in the diet can inhibit benzo(a)pyrene-induced neoplasia in the forestomach of female A/J mice, and, of importance, this activity occurred at late stages in carcinogenesis. While no effect was seen in the murine lung, this may be due to the low bioavailability of the compound. A different route of administration (e.g. inhalation of an aerosol) may have potential to inhibit pulmonary carcinogenesis. We hypothesize that inhibitors of chitin or chitin-like glycan formation may be effective chemopreventive agents and suggest that further work is needed to study these novel targets for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee W Wattenberg
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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