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Brown PDS, Ketter N, Vis-Dunbar M, Sakakibara BM. Clinical effects of Emblica officinalis fruit consumption on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:190. [PMID: 37296402 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emblica officinalis (EO) fruit consumption has been found to have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) physiological risk factors in preliminary clinical intervention trials; however, questions remain regarding the overall effectiveness of EO on CVD risk. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to: 1) systematically describe the clinical research examining EO; and 2) quantitatively assess the effects of EO on CVD physiological risk factors. METHODS The Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar electronic platforms were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until April 7, 2021. Studies were included if they involved adults (age ≥ 18 years) ingesting a form of EO fruit; included blood lipids, blood pressure, and/or inflammatory biomarkers as outcomes; had clearly defined intervention and control treatments with pre- and post-intervention data; were peer-reviewed; and were written in English. Studies were excluded if they compared EO with another risk reduction intervention without a usual care control group. RCTs were assessed for methodological quality using the Cochrane risk-of-bias version 2 (ROB2) tool, qualitatively described, and quantitatively evaluated using random and fixed effect meta-analysis models. RESULTS A total of nine RCTs (n = 535 participants) were included for review. Included studies followed parallel-group (n = 6) and crossover (n = 3) designs, with EO dosage ranging from 500 mg/day to 1500 mg/day, and treatment duration ranging from 14 to 84 days. Meta-analyses revealed EO to have a significant composite effect at lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; Mean difference (MD) = -15.08 mg/dL [95% Confidence interval (CI) = -25.43 to -4.73], I2 = 77%, prediction interval = -48.29 to 18.13), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C; MD = -5.43 mg/dL [95% CI = -8.37 to -2.49], I2 = 44%), triglycerides (TG; MD = -22.35 mg/dL [95% CI = -39.71 to -4.99], I2 = 62%, prediction interval = -73.47 to 28.77), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; MD = -1.70 mg/L [95% CI = -2.06 to -1.33], I2 = 0%) compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Due to statistical and clinical heterogeneity in the limited number of clinical trials to date, the promising effects of EO on physiologic CVD risk factors in this review should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed to determine if EO offers an efficacious option for primary or secondary prevention of CVD as either monotherapy or adjunct to evidence-based dietary patterns and/or standard pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D S Brown
- Southern Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1088 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Nicole Ketter
- Department of Biology, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, ASC 413, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1088 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mathew Vis-Dunbar
- Southern Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1088 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Brodie M Sakakibara
- Southern Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1088 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1088 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, T325 - 2211 , Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
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Li X, Ouyang W, Jiang Y, Lin Q, Peng X, Hu H, Ye Z, Liu G, Cao Y, Yu Y. Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Colitis-Ameliorating Effect of Aqueous Phyllanthus emblica L. Extract through Regulating Colonic Cell Gene Expression and Gut Microbiomes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6999-7008. [PMID: 37102314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammation effect of aqueous Phyllanthus emblica L. extract (APE) and its possible underlying mechanism in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice chronic colonic inflammation were studied. APE treatment significantly improved the colitic symptoms, including ameliorating the shortening of the colon, increasing the DSS-induced body weight loss, reducing the disease activity index, and reversing the condition of colon tissue damage of mucus lost and goblet cell reduction. Overproduction of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines were suppressed by the treatment of APE. Gut microbiome analysis showed that APE remodeled the structure of gut bacteria in phylum and genus levels, upregulating the abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, family Muribaculaceae, and genus Bacteroides and downregulating the abundance of phylum Firmicutes. The reshaped gut microbiome caused metabolic functions and pathway change with enhanced queuosine biosynthesis and reduced polyamine synthesis pathway. Colon tissue transcriptome analysis further elucidated APE-inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways and the expressions of the genes that promote the progress of colorectal cancer. It turned out that APE reshaped the gut microbiome and inhibited MAPK, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and TNF signaling pathways as well as the colorectal-cancer-related genes to exert its colitis protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People's Republic of China
- Liuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuyang, Hunan 410300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianru Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinan Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuming Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yigang Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
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Setayesh L, Haghighat N, Rasaei N, Rezaei M, Casazza K, Nadery M, Yamrali I, Zamani M, Asbaghi O. The impact of Emblica Officinalis (Amla) on lipid profile, glucose, and C-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102729. [PMID: 36934568 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Emblica Officinalis (Amla) is a plant often utilized in traditional medicine due to its purported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties. However, current evidence regarding its potential for preventing and treating metabolic abnormalities associated with chronic diseases remains unclear. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of Amla supplementation on lipid profile, glucose, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in adults. We completed a systematic search (current as of December 2022) of all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the database including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Any effect's mean difference (MD) was calculated using a random-effects model. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated also calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Five RTCs were included in the meta-analysis. Following Amla supplementation, pooled results showed a significant reduction in CRP (p = 0.002), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.001), and serum triglyceride (TG) (p < 0.001) concentrations as well as an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (p < 0.001). The baseline concentration of biochemical indicators was used for subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION Amla supplementation shows promise for improving metabolic parameters in adults. In general, the populations included in the analysis were generally 40-58 years with an average BMI of 25.5 and a length of intervention ranging from 3 to 12 weeks. Thus additional investigations are warranted to confirm and expand the findings presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Setayesh
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Neda Haghighat
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahbobe Rezaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Krista Casazza
- The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Florida, United States.
| | - Maryam Nadery
- Ph.D. Student at the Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work Florida International University, United States.
| | - Ileyar Yamrali
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zamani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Majeed M, Mundkur L, Paulose S, Nagabhushanam K. Novel Emblica officinalis extract containing β-glucogallin vs. metformin: a randomized, open-label, comparative efficacy study in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with dyslipidemia. Food Funct 2022; 13:9523-9531. [PMID: 35996967 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01862d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of Emblica officinalis extract (EOE) containing 10% β-glucogallin was compared against metformin in newly diagnosed subjects with diabetic dyslipidemia which is a significant factor in cardiovascular disease. Daily administration with EOE-1 g, EOE-2 g, or metformin 500 mg for 90 days significantly decreased fasting blood sugar and postprandial blood sugar (FBS and PPBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and lipid levels in all three treatment groups. The FBS, PPBS and HbA1c were significantly lower in the EOE-2 g group compared with metformin and EOE-1 g groups. The reductions in LDL and TC in the EOE-2 g group were also significantly higher than in the EOE-1 g group and were comparable to the metformin group. No serious adverse effects were observed in any study participants. EOE-1 g and 2 g day-1 are safe and potent antidiabetic agents, with comparable efficacy to the pharmaceutical drug, metformin. Supplementation with EOE-2 g day-1 showed greater efficacy than metformin in reducing circulating glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Majeed
- Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, 19/1 & 19/2, I Main, II Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore- 560 058, Karnataka, India.,Sabinsa Corporation, 20 Lake Drive, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA.
| | - Lakshmi Mundkur
- Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, 19/1 & 19/2, I Main, II Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore- 560 058, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaji Paulose
- Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, 19/1 & 19/2, I Main, II Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore- 560 058, Karnataka, India
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HDI Highlighter, The First Intelligent Tool to Screen the Literature on Herb-Drug Interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022; 61:761-788. [PMID: 35637377 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-022-01131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Herbal food supplements are commonly used and can be an important part of patient self-care. Like all other bio-active and therapeutic products, they have a benefit/risk balance. These products are not without adverse effects and potentially interact with other therapies. Educating patients and providing information for health professionals about the risk of herb-drug interactions is key. One of the purposes of the biomedical literature is to inform prescribers. Scientific literature accessible on databases such as PubMed is dense and careful reading is time consuming. We propose a reading aid tool named "HDI highlighter" to help readers to find key information in clinical studies and case reports describing herb-drug interactions. It uses natural language processing algorithms (artificial intelligence) with a pharmaceutical focus. Semantic relation extraction for herb-drug interactions from the biomedical literature are overexpressed using keywords. We have tested it to review 120 published articles over the last 10 years. In these articles, we have shown that case reports often involved long-term or semi-long-term treatments such as cancer or human immunodeficiency virus therapies, antiepileptic drugs, or central nervous system drugs. Similarly, these classes of drugs are more extensively targeted by clinical studies. Herb-drug interactions described in case reports are identified in medicinal, recreational, and alimentary uses. They also usually lack a rigorous description of the herb(s) involved. Typically, clinical studies provide a complete description of protocols and dosages, with a few exceptions explained by patients' needs. Clinical studies on herbs are nevertheless conducted on a limited number of patients. All these limitations make the interpretation of herb-drug interactions complicated, but the HDI highlighter provides a quick overview of the herb-drug interaction literature.
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Li X, Lin Y, Jiang Y, Wu B, Yu Y. Aqueous Extract of Phyllanthus emblica L. Alleviates Functional Dyspepsia through Regulating Gastrointestinal Hormones and Gut Microbiome In Vivo. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101491. [PMID: 35627061 PMCID: PMC9141879 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. fruits were extracted by a hot water assistant with ultrasonication to obtain aqueous Phyllanthus emblica L. extract (APE). The ameliorating functional dyspepsia (FD) effect of a low dose (150 mg/kg) and a high dose (300 mg/kg) of APE was exhibited by determining the gastrointestinal motility, gastrointestinal hormones, and gut microbiome shifts in reserpine induced FD male balb/c mice. APE increased the gastrointestinal motility including the gastric emptying (GE) rate and small intestinal transit (SIT) rate. The level of serum gastrointestinal hormones such as motilin (MTL) and gastrin (GAS) increased, and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) level decreased after the administration of APE. Furthermore, the gut microbiome analysis demonstrated that APE could regulate the microbiome structure and restore homeostasis by elevating useful bacterial abundance, while simultaneously decreasing harmful bacterial abundance. This study demonstrated the ameliorating FD effect of APE and its potential efficacy in curing functional gastrointestinal disorders and maintaining a healthy digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yilin Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yiqi Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Binbin Wu
- Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Yigang Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Functional and Nutraceutical Significance of Amla ( Phyllanthus emblica L.): A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050816. [PMID: 35624683 PMCID: PMC9137578 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. (also popularly known as amla) is a tree native to the India and Southeast Asia regions that produces fruits rich in bioactive compounds that could be explored as part of the increasing interest in naturally occurring compounds with biological activity. Thus, this review aims to highlight the nutritional aspects, rich phytochemistry and health-promoting effects of amla. Scientific evidence indicates that polyphenols are central components in fruits and other sections of the amla tree, as well as vitamin C. The rich composition of polyphenol and vitamin C imparts an important antioxidant activity along with important in vivo effects that include improved antioxidant status and activity of the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Other potential health benefits are the anti-hyperlipidemia and antidiabetic activities as well as the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, digestive tract and neurological protective activities. The promising results provided by the studies about amla bioactive compounds support their potential role in assisting the promotion of health and prevention of diseases.
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Naik AA, Sivaramakrishnan V. Femoral Head Osteonecrosis is associated with thrombosis, fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis: A potential role for anti-thrombotics and statins as disease modifying agents. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Saini R, Sharma N, Oladeji OS, Sourirajan A, Dev K, Zengin G, El-Shazly M, Kumar V. Traditional uses, bioactive composition, pharmacology, and toxicology of Phyllanthus emblica fruits: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114570. [PMID: 34480995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruits of Phyllanthus emblica Linn or Emblica officinalis Gaertn (Phyllanthaceae), (FPE) commonly known as Indian gooseberry or Amla, gained immense importance in indigenous traditional medicinal systems, including Ayurveda, for its medicinal and nutritional benefits. It is used to cure several diseases such as common cold, fever, cough, asthma, bronchitis, diabetes, cephalalgia, ophthalmopathy, dyspepsia, colic, flatulence, hyperacidity, peptic ulcer, erysipelas, skin diseases, leprosy, hematogenesis, inflammation, anemia, emaciation, hepatopathy, jaundice, diarrhea, dysentery, hemorrhages, leucorrhea, menorrhagia, cardiac disorders, and premature greying of hair. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present review, we presented a comprehensive analysis of the ethnopharmacology, bioactive composition, and toxicity of P. emblica to identify the gap between research and the current applications and to help explore the trends and perspectives for future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected the literature published before April 2021 on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of FPE. Literature in English from scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Springer, and Google Scholar, books. These reports were analyzed and summarized to prepare this review. The plant taxonomy was verified by "The Plant List" database (http://www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION s: FPE have been used as a rich source of vitamin C, minerals, and amino acids. Several bioactive molecules were isolated and identified from FPE such as tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, ascorbic acid etc. The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on FPE revealed its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, radioprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, anti-venom, wound healing, HIV-reverse transcriptase effect. Toxicological studies on fruits indicated the absence of any adverse effect even at a high dose after oral administration. CONCLUSIONS Although FPE showed remarkable therapeutic activities against several diseases such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, hepatitis B virus, and malaria, there were several drawbacks in some previous reports including the lack of information on the drug dose, standards, controls, and mechanism of action of the extract. Further in-depth studies are required to explain the mechanism of action of the extracts to reveal the role of the bioactive compounds in the reported activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshandha Saini
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Post Box No. 9, Head Post Office, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Oluwole Solomon Oladeji
- Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Km 4, Ipetu Road, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Anuradha Sourirajan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Post Box No. 9, Head Post Office, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Kamal Dev
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Post Box No. 9, Head Post Office, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Post Box No. 9, Head Post Office, Solan, H.P., India.
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Kumar G, Madka V, Pathuri G, Ganta V, Rao CV. Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Prevention by Gooseberry ( Phyllanthus emblica). Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2291-2302. [PMID: 34839775 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2008988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn or Phyllanthus emblica Linn; family Phyllanthaceae) has a recognized history in Indian traditional medicine (Ayurveda). Various therapeutic properties have been attributed to gooseberry as a dietary supplement. Many parts of the plant (fruits, seed, leaves, root, bark, and flowers) possess various activities and are used to treat a range of diseases. This review focuses on the evidence for the cancer-preventive properties of gooseberry, its extracts, and its principal phytochemicals based on studies In Vitro and In Vivo. Most importantly, in multiple rodent models of cancer, treatment with P. emblica was found to prevent tumor incidence, number, and volume at various organ sites. The mechanism(s) implicated in gooseberry-mediated cancer inhibition are diverse and include antioxidants, Phase I and II enzyme modifications, anti-inflammatory action, regulation of the cell cycle, and modulation of oncogenic signaling genes. Studies in humans also indicate that P. emblica can offer various health benefits and synergize with other treatments. This review provides detailed information on the potential use of gooseberry extract as an anticarcinogenic in humans, illuminates the therapeutic applications, and discusses clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma HSC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma HSC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Gopal Pathuri
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma HSC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Vishal Ganta
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma HSC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chinthalapally V Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Hem-Onc, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma HSC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Babos MB, Heinan M, Redmond L, Moiz F, Souza-Peres JV, Samuels V, Masimukku T, Hamilton D, Khalid M, Herscu P. Herb-Drug Interactions: Worlds Intersect with the Patient at the Center. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:44. [PMID: 34436223 PMCID: PMC8401017 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8080044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review examines three bodies of literature related to herb-drug interactions: case reports, clinical studies, evaluations found in six drug interaction checking resources. The aim of the study is to examine the congruity of resources and to assess the degree to which case reports signal for further study. A qualitative review of case reports seeks to determine needs and perspectives of case report authors. Methods: Systematic search of Medline identified clinical studies and case reports of interacting herb-drug combinations. Interacting herb-drug pairs were searched in six drug interaction resources. Case reports were analyzed qualitatively for completeness and to identify underlying themes. Results: Ninety-nine case-report documents detailed 107 cases. Sixty-five clinical studies evaluated 93 mechanisms of interaction relevant to herbs reported in case studies, involving 30 different herbal products; 52.7% of these investigations offered evidence supporting reported reactions. Cohen's kappa found no agreement between any interaction checker and case report corpus. Case reports often lacked full information. Need for further information, attitudes about herbs and herb use, and strategies to reduce risk from interaction were three primary themes in the case report corpus. Conclusions: Reliable herb-drug information is needed, including open and respectful discussion with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Babos
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA; (F.M.); (J.V.S.-P.); (V.S.); (T.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Michelle Heinan
- School of Medical Sciences, Lincoln Memoria University, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA;
| | - Linda Redmond
- Medical Center Long Term Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
| | - Fareeha Moiz
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA; (F.M.); (J.V.S.-P.); (V.S.); (T.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Joao Victor Souza-Peres
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA; (F.M.); (J.V.S.-P.); (V.S.); (T.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Valerie Samuels
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA; (F.M.); (J.V.S.-P.); (V.S.); (T.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Tarun Masimukku
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA; (F.M.); (J.V.S.-P.); (V.S.); (T.M.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Myra Khalid
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA; (F.M.); (J.V.S.-P.); (V.S.); (T.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Paul Herscu
- Research Division, Herscu Laboratory, Amherst, MA 01002, USA;
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12
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Huang HZ, Qiu M, Lin JZ, Li MQ, Ma XT, Ran F, Luo CH, Wei XC, Xu RC, Tan P, Fan SH, Yang M, Han L, Zhang DK. Potential effect of tropical fruits Phyllanthus emblica L. for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetic complications: a systematic review of recent advances. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3525-3542. [PMID: 33439332 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica is a fruit widely consumed in subtropical areas, which is rich in polyphenols and other nutrients. There are increasing evidences that as a daily and nutritious fruit, it may have a positive role in controlling diabetic complications. According to the new study, its mechanisms include enhancing the functioning of insulin, reducing insulin resistance, activating the insulin-signaling pathway, protecting β-cells, scavenging free radicals, alleviating inflammatory reactions, and reducing the accumulation of advanced glycation end products. Owing to its few side effects, and low price, it should be easily accepted by patients and has potential for preventing diabetes. Taken together, Phyllanthus emblica may be an ideal fruit for controlling diabetic complications. This review highlights the latest findings of the role of Phyllanthus emblica in anti-diabetes and its complications, especially clarifies the molecular mechanism of the chemical components related to this effect, and prospects some existing problems and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhou Huang
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jun-Zhi Lin
- Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Xi-Tao Ma
- Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Fei Ran
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chuan-Hong Luo
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xi-Chuan Wei
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Run-Chun Xu
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality, National Administration of TCM, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - San-Hu Fan
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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13
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Mullaj K, Bulsara KK, Bulsara KR, Guha A. Commentary: Unintended Perils of Herbal Supplements: Anticoagulation. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021; 20:E156-E158. [PMID: 33027817 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opaa317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karishma K Bulsara
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Ketan R Bulsara
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Amala Guha
- Department of Immunology, Farmington, Connecticut
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14
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Pingali U, Nutalapati C, Illendulla VS. Evaluation of the Effect of Fish Oil Alone and in Combination with a Proprietary Chromium Complex on Endothelial Dysfunction, Systemic Inflammation and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:31-42. [PMID: 32021349 PMCID: PMC6954851 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s220046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of fish oil alone and with an adjunct, a proprietary chromium complex (PCC), on cardiovascular parameters - endothelial dysfunction, lipid profile, systemic inflammation and glycosylated hemoglobin - in a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, parallel group study, 59 subjects in three groups completed the study: Group A, fish oil 2000 mg; Group B, fish oil 2000 mg + PCC 10 mg (200 µg of Cr3+); and Group C, fish oil 2000 mg + PCC 20 mg (400 µg of Cr3+) daily for 12 weeks (2000 mg of fish oil contained 600 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and 400 mg of docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], the omega-3 fatty acids). Endothelial function, by estimating reflection index (RI), biomarkers of oxidative stress (nitric oxide [NO], malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione [GSH]) and inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1], endothelin-1) were evaluated at baseline, and 4 and 12 weeks. Lipid profile, platelet aggregation and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c) were tested at baseline and 12 weeks. Any reported adverse drug reactions were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8. RESULTS The present study shows that fish oil by itself, at a dose of 2000 mg (600 mg of EPA + 400 mg of DHA) per day, led to significant, but only modest, improvement in cardiovascular parameters (RI from -2.38±0.75 to -3.92±0.60, MDA from 3.77±0.16 to 3.74±0.16 nM/mL, NO from 30.60±3.18 to 32.12±3.40 µM/L, GSH from 568.93±5.91 to 583.95±6.53 µM/L; p≤0.0001), including triglyceride levels. However, when PCC was added to fish oil, especially at the 20 mg dose, there were highly significant improvements in all the parameters tested (RI from -2.04±0.79 to -8.73±1.36, MDA from 3.67±0.39 to 2.89±0.34 nM/mL, NO from 28.98±2.93 to 40.01±2.53 µM/L, GSH from 553.82±8.18 to 677.99±10.19 µM/L; p≤0.0001), including the lipid profile. It is noteworthy that the triglycerides were decreased significantly by addition of 20 mg of PCC although the dose of fish oil was only 2 g/day and the baseline triglyceride levels were only about 200 mg/dL. Fish oil alone did not significantly decrease the HbA1c, whereas the addition of 20 mg of PCC did. CONCLUSION Addition of PCC, especially at 20 mg dose, significantly improves the efficacy of fish oil in addressing cardiovascular risk factors compared to fish oil given alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usharani Pingali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500082, India
- Correspondence: Usharani Pingali Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad500082, Telangana, IndiaTel +91 9849574143 Email
| | - Chandrasekhar Nutalapati
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500082, India
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Hashem-Dabaghian F, Ziaee M, Ghaffari S, Nabati F, Kianbakht S. A systematic review on the cardiovascular pharmacology of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2018; 10:118-128. [PMID: 30386531 PMCID: PMC6203864 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2018.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Emblica officinalis (EO) fruit has traditionally been considered as a cardioactive
medication and has demonstrated remarkable cardiovascular effects in the pharmacological
literature. The present study systematically reviews EO’s potential for prevention and therapy of
cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
Methods: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Proquest, Ebsco, Google, Google Scholar, Ovid,
and Cochrane databases were searched from 1966 to 2017 for the English and non-English
literature using the terms including the cognates of EO including
amla, Emblic myrobalan,
Emblica officinalis, Emblica pectinata
, Indian gooseberry, and Phyllanthus emblica together
with antioxidant, arrhythmia, cardioprotective, cardiotoxicity, heart disease, heart failure,
hyperlipidemia, hypertension, myocardial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The inclusion
criteria were in vitro, animal, and clinical cardiovascular pharmacological studies conducted on
EO and full-text accessibility. The exclusion criterion was studies in which a combination of EO
and at least one other plant was investigated. The reference lists of the retrieved articles were also
searched manually for additional eligible articles. The methodological quality of clinical trials was
assessed by the Jadad scale, and animal studies were evaluated by the ARRIVE checklist.
Results: Nineteen articles concerning the cardiovascular pharmacological effects of EO were
included in this review. The plant has shown antiatherogenic, anticoagulant, hypolipidemic,
antihypertensive, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory effects as well as lipid deposition
inhibitory properties. Moreover, it prevents from doxorubicin and isoproterenol cardiotoxicity
and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and improves vascular endothelial function in
animal studies. Some high-quality clinical studies report the vasodilatory and myocardial
antioxidant properties as well as anti-platelet aggregation effects of this plant.
Conclusion: EO influences various cardiovascular risk-factors. However, there is not sufficient
evidence to confirm the plant efficacy in preventing and treating CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Nabati
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Kianbakht
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
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Yan B, Ren J, Zhang Q, Gao R, Zhao F, Wu J, Yang J. Antioxidative Effects of Natural Products on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:2070178. [PMID: 29181412 PMCID: PMC5664314 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2070178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common and severe complication of diabetes and results in high mortality. It is therefore imperative to develop novel therapeutics for the prevention or inhibition of the progression of DCM. Oxidative stress is a key mechanism by which diabetes induces DCM. Hence, targeting of oxidative stress-related processes in DCM could be a promising therapeutic strategy. To date, a number of studies have shown beneficial effects of several natural products on the attenuation of DCM via an antioxidative mechanism of action. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive and concise overview of the previously reported antioxidant natural products in the inhibition of DCM progression. Clinical trials of the antioxidative natural products in the management of DCM are included. In addition, discussion and perspectives are further provided in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingdi Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jin Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Fenglian Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Junduo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
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Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review for its phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and medicinal potentials with respect to molecular mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:180-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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