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Alam M, Rashid S, Fatima K, Adnan M, Shafie A, Akhtar MS, Ganie AH, Eldin SM, Islam A, Khan I, Hassan MI. Biochemical features and therapeutic potential of α-Mangostin: Mechanism of action, medicinal values, and health benefits. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114710. [PMID: 37141737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin (α-MG) is a natural xanthone obtained from the pericarps of mangosteen. It exhibits excellent potential, including anti-cancer, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, and induces apoptosis. α-MG controls cell proliferation by modulating signaling molecules, thus implicated in cancer therapy. It possesses incredible pharmacological features and modulates crucial cellular and molecular factors. Due to its lesser water solubility and pitiable target selectivity, α-MG has limited clinical application. As a known antioxidant, α-MG has gained significant attention from the scientific community, increasing interest in extensive technical and biomedical applications. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems were designed to improve the pharmacological features and efficiency of α-MG. This review is focused on recent developments on the therapeutic potential of α-MG in managing cancer and neurological diseases, with a special focus on its mechanism of action. In addition, we highlighted biochemical and pharmacological features, metabolism, functions, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects and pre-clinical applications of α-MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box 173, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kisa Fatima
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, PO Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Salman Akhtar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - A H Ganie
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Abha Male 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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The Potential of α-Mangostin from Garcinia mangostana as an Effective Antimicrobial Agent-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060717. [PMID: 35740124 PMCID: PMC9219858 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of α-mangostin derived from Garcinia mangostana against different microbes. A literature search was performed using PubMed and Science Direct until March 2022. The research question was developed based on a PICO (Population, Intervention, Control and Outcomes) model. In this study, the population of interest was microbes, α-mangostin extracted from Garcinia mangostana was used as exposure while antibiotics were used as control, followed by the outcome which is determined by the antimicrobial activity of α-mangostin against studied microbes. Two reviewers independently performed the comprehensive literature search following the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A methodological quality assessment was carried out using a scoring protocol and the risk of bias in the studies was analyzed. Reward screening was performed among the selected articles to perform a meta-analysis based on the pre-determined criteria. Case groups where α-mangostin extracted from Garcinia mangostana was incorporated were compared to groups using different antibiotics or antiseptic agents (control) to evaluate their effectiveness. A total of 30 studies were included; they were heterogeneous in their study design and the risk of bias was moderate. The results showed a reduction in microbial counts after the incorporation of α-mangostin, which resulted in better disinfection and effectiveness against multiple microbes. Additionally, the meta-analysis result revealed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in their effectiveness when α-mangostin was compared to commercially available antibiotics. α-mangostin worked effectively against the tested microbes and was shown to have inhibitory effects on microbes with antibiotic resistance.
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The diverse bioactivity of α-mangostin and its therapeutic implications. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1679-1694. [PMID: 34410182 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin is a xanthone natural product isolated as a secondary metabolite from the mangosteen tree. It has attracted a great deal of attention due to its wide-ranging effects on certain biological activity, such as apoptosis, tumorigenesis, proliferation, metastasis, inflammation, oxidation, bacterial growth and metabolism. This review focuses on the key pathways directly affected by α-mangostin and how this varies between disease states. Insight is also provided, where investigated, into the key structural features of α-mangostin that produce these biological effects. The review then sheds light on the utility of α-mangostin as a investigational tool for certain diseases and demonstrate how future derivatives may increase selectivity and potency for specific disease states.
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Microbial Conjugation Studies of Licochalcones and Xanthohumol. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136893. [PMID: 34206985 PMCID: PMC8268106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial conjugation studies of licochalcones (1-4) and xanthohumol (5) were performed by using the fungi Mucor hiemalis and Absidia coerulea. As a result, one new glucosylated metabolite was produced by M. hiemalis whereas four new and three known sulfated metabolites were obtained by transformation with A. coerulea. Chemical structures of all the metabolites were elucidated on the basis of 1D-, 2D-NMR and mass spectroscopic data analyses. These results could contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic fates of licochalcones and xanthohumol in mammalian systems. Although licochalcone A 4'-sulfate (7) showed less cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines compared to its substrate licochalcone A, its activity was fairly retained with the IC50 values in the range of 27.35-43.07 μM.
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Arunrattiyakorn P, Kuno M, Aree T, Laphookhieo S, Sriyatep T, Kanzaki H, Garcia Chavez MA, Wang YA, Andersen RJ. Biotransformation of β-Mangostin by an Endophytic Fungus of Garcinia mangostana to Furnish Xanthenes with an Unprecedented Heterocyclic Skeleton. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:2244-2250. [PMID: 30350994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of β-mangostin (1) by the endophytic fungus Xylaria feejeensis GM06 afforded hexacyclic ring-fused xanthenes with an unprecedented hexacyclic heterocylic skeleton. β-Mangostin (1) was transformed to two diastereomeric pairs of enantiomers, mangostafeejin A [(-)-2a/(+)-2b)] and mangostafeejin B [(-)-3a/(+)-3b)]. The chemical structures of the transformation products were elucidated by analysis of NMR and MS data, and the structure of mangostafeejin A [(-)-2a/(+)-2b)] was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The absolute configurations of 3a and 3b were established on the basis of calculated and measured ECD data using the ECD spectra of 2a and 2b as models. The fungal biotransformation described herein provides an effective method to convert an abundant achiral plant natural product scaffold into new chiral heterocyclic scaffolds representing expanded chemical diversity for biological activity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panarat Arunrattiyakorn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Srinakharinwirot University , Bangkok 10110 , Thailand
| | - Mayuso Kuno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Srinakharinwirot University , Bangkok 10110 , Thailand
| | - Thammarat Aree
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability , Mae Fah Luang University , Chiang Rai 57100 , Thailand
- School of Science , Mae Fah Luang University , Chiang Rai 57100 , Thailand
| | - Teerayut Sriyatep
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability , Mae Fah Luang University , Chiang Rai 57100 , Thailand
- School of Science , Mae Fah Luang University , Chiang Rai 57100 , Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Miguel Angel Garcia Chavez
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Yan Alexander Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Raymond J Andersen
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC V6T 1Z1 , Canada
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Eukun Sage E, Jailani N, Md. Taib AZ, Mohd Noor N, Mohd Said MI, Abu Bakar M, Mackeen MM. From the Front or Back Door? Quantitative analysis of direct and indirect extractions of α-mangostin from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205753. [PMID: 30321238 PMCID: PMC6188793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulp and pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) fruit are popular food, beverage and health products whereby 60% of the fruit consist of the pericarp. The major metabolite in the previously neglected or less economically significant part of the fruit, the pericarp, is the prenylated xanthone α-mangostin. This highly bioactive secondary metabolite is typically isolated using solvent extraction methods that involve large volumes of halogenated solvents either via direct or indirect extraction. In this study, we compared the quantities of α-mangostin extracted using three different extraction methods based on the environmentally friendly solvents methanol and ethyl acetate. The three solvent extractions methods used were direct extractions from methanol (DM) and ethyl acetate (DEA) as well as indirect extraction of ethyl acetate obtained via solvent partitioning from an initial methanol extract (IEA). Our results showed that direct extraction afforded similar and higher quantities of α-mangostin than indirect extraction (DM: 318 mg; DEA: 305 mg; IEA: 209 mg per 5 g total dried pericarp). Therefore, we suggest that the commonly used method of indirect solvent extraction using halogenated solvents for the isolation of α-mangostin is replaced by single solvent direct extraction using the environmentally friendly solvents methanol or ethyl acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Eukun Sage
- Chemistry Programme, Centre for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nashriq Jailani
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, UKM Bangi
| | | | - Normah Mohd Noor
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, UKM Bangi
| | - Md. Ikram Mohd Said
- Chemistry Programme, Centre for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muntaz Abu Bakar
- Chemistry Programme, Centre for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mukram Mohamed Mackeen
- Chemistry Programme, Centre for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, UKM Bangi
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Sriyanti I, Edikresnha D, Rahma A, Munir MM, Rachmawati H, Khairurrijal K. Mangosteen pericarp extract embedded in electrospun PVP nanofiber mats: physicochemical properties and release mechanism of α-mangostin. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4927-4941. [PMID: 30214198 PMCID: PMC6124466 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s167670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background α-Mangostin is a major active compound of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp extract (MPE) that has potent antioxidant activity. Unfortunately, its poor aqueous solubility limits its therapeutic application. Purpose: This paper reports a promising approach to improve the clinical use of this substance through electrospinning technique. Methods Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was explored as a hydrophilic matrix to carry α-mangostin in MPE. Physicochemical properties of MPE:PVP nanofibers with various extract-to-polymer ratios were studied, including morphology, size, crystallinity, chemical interaction, and thermal behavior. Antioxidant activity and the release of α-mangostin, as the chemical marker of MPE, from the resulting fibers were investigated. Results It was obtained that the MPE:PVP nanofiber mats were flat, bead-free, and in a size range of 387–586 nm. Peak shifts in Fourier-transform infrared spectra of PVP in the presence of MPE suggested hydrogen bond formation between MPE and PVP. The differential scanning calorimetric study revealed a noticeable endothermic event at 119°C in MPE:PVP nanofibers, indicating vaporization of moisture residue. This confirmed hygroscopic property of PVP. The absence of crystalline peaks of MPE at 2θ of 5.99°, 11.62°, and 13.01° in the X-ray diffraction patterns of electrospun MPE:PVP nanofibers showed amorphization of MPE by PVP after being electrospun. The radical scavenging activity of MPE:PVP nanofibers exhibited lower IC50 value (55–67 µg/mL) in comparison with pure MPE (69 µg/mL). The PVP:MPE nanofibers tremendously increased the antioxidant activity of α-mangostin as well as its release rate. Applying high voltage in electrospinning process did not destroy the chemical structure of α-mangostin as indicated by retained in vitro antioxidant activity. The release rate of α-mangostin significantly increased from 35% to over 90% in 60 minutes. The release of α-mangostin from MPE:PVP nanofibers was dependent on α-mangostin concentration and particle size, as confirmed by the first-order kinetic model as well as the Hixson–Crowell kinetic model. Conclusion We successfully synthesized MPE:PVP nanofiber mats with enhanced antioxidant activity and release rate, which can potentially improve the therapeutic effects offered by MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Sriyanti
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, .,Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, .,Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Education, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang
| | - Dhewa Edikresnha
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, .,Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung,
| | - Annisa Rahma
- Pharmaceutics Research Division, School of Pharmacy,
| | - Muhammad Miftahul Munir
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, .,Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung,
| | - Heni Rachmawati
- Pharmaceutics Research Division, School of Pharmacy, .,Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia,
| | - Khairurrijal Khairurrijal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, .,Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung,
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Development of antituberculosis melt-blown polypropylene filters coated with mangosteen extracts for medical face mask applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yan XT, Sun YS, Ren S, Zhao LC, Liu WC, Chen C, Wang Z, Li W. Dietary α-Mangostin Provides Protective Effects against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice via Akt/mTOR-Mediated Inhibition of Autophagy and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051335. [PMID: 29723988 PMCID: PMC5983768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen overdose-induced hepatotoxicity is the most common cause of acute liver failure in many countries. Previously, alpha-mangostin (α-MG) has been confirmed to exert protective effects on a variety of liver injuries, but the protective effect on acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury (ALI) remains largely unknown. This work investigated the regulatory effect and underlying cellular mechanisms of α-MG action to attenuate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. The increased serum aminotransferase levels and glutathione (GSH) content and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) demonstrated the protective effect of α-MG against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. In addition, α-MG pretreatment inhibited increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) caused by exposure of mice to acetaminophen. In liver tissues, α-MG inhibited the protein expression of autophagy-related microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and BCL2/adenovirus E1B protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3). Western blotting analysis of liver tissues also proved evidence that α-MG partially inhibited the activation of apoptotic signaling pathways via increasing the expression of Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax and cleaved caspase 3 proteins. In addition, α-MG could in part downregulate the increase in p62 level and upregulate the decrease in p-mTOR, p-AKT and LC3 II /LC3 I ratio in autophagy signaling pathways in the mouse liver. Taken together, our findings proved novel perspectives that detoxification effect of α-MG on acetaminophen-induced ALI might be due to the alterations in Akt/mTOR pathway in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Yan
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yin-Shi Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plant, CAAS, Changchun 132109, China.
| | - Shen Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Li-Chun Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China.
| | - Wen-Cong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Chuysinuan P, Techasakul S, Suksamrarn S, Wetprasit N, Hongmanee P, Supaphol P. Preparation and characterization of electrospun polyacrylonitrile fiber mats containing Garcinia mangostana. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) is a well-known tropical tree indigenous to Southeast Asia. Its fruit's pericarp abounds with a class of isoprenylated xanthones which are referred as mangostins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that mangostins and their derivatives possess diverse pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic activities as well as neuroprotective properties in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review article provides a comprehensive review of the pharmacological activities of mangostins and their derivatives to reveal their promising utilities in the treatment of certain important diseases, mainly focusing on the discussions of the underlying molecular targets/pathways, modes of action, and relevant structure-activity relationships (SARs). Meanwhile, the pharmacokinetics (PK) profile and recent toxicological studies of mangostins are also described for further druggability exploration in the future.
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Hiranrangsee L, Kumaree KK, Sadiq MB, Anal AK. Extraction of anthocyanins from pericarp and lipids from seeds of mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana L.) by Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and evaluation of pericarp extract enriched functional ice-cream. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:3806-3813. [PMID: 28017996 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract the anthocyanins from pericarp and lipids from the seeds of mangosteen. The optimum time for extraction of anthocyanin by maceration method and shaking water bath was 6 and 4 h, respectively, whereas, it was 5 min only for ultrasonic assisted extraction method. The anthocyanin content, extracted by UAE, was 23.54 mg Cyn-3-Glu/100 g. The regression equation derived by response surface methodology (RSM), was used to predict the anthocyanin content extracted by using UAE. The gas chromatography-flame ionized detector analysis showed that mangosteen seed contained both saturated (palmitic acid, 4.66 g/100 g; stearic acid, 47.64 g/100 g) and unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, 28.62 g/100 g; linoleic acid, 14.68 g/100 g). The mangosteen ice-cream exhibited up to 83.6 and 75.1 % DPPH inhibition, on addition of 2 and 1 % mangosteen pericarp extract respectively, where as control only 52.6 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawan Hiranrangsee
- Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, PO Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Kishore K Kumaree
- Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, PO Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Muhammad Bilal Sadiq
- Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, PO Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Anil K Anal
- Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, PO Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
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Ibrahim MY, Hashim NM, Mariod AA, Mohan S, Abdulla MA, Abdelwahab SI, Arbab IA. α-Mangostin from Garcinia mangostana Linn: An updated review of its pharmacological properties. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Arunrattiyakorn P, Suwannasai N, Aree T, Kanokmedhakul S, Ito H, Kanzaki H. Biotransformation of α-mangostin by Colletotrichum sp. MT02 and Phomopsis euphorbiae K12. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Antileptospiral activity of xanthones from Garcinia mangostana and synergy of gamma-mangostin with penicillin G. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:182. [PMID: 23866810 PMCID: PMC3734031 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Leptospirosis, one of the most widespread zoonotic infectious diseases worldwide, is caused by spirochetes bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The present study examined inhibitory activity of purified xanthones and crude extracts from Garcinia mangostana against both non-pathogenic and pathogenic leptospira. Synergy between γ-mangostin and penicillin G against leptospires was also determined. Methods Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of crude extracts and purified xanthones from G. mangostana and penicillin G for a non-pathogenic (L. biflexa serovar Patoc) and pathogenic (L. interrogans serovar Bataviae, Autumnalis, Javanica and Saigon) leptospires were determined by using broth microdilution method and alamar blue. The synergy was evaluated by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Results The results of broth microdilution test demonstrated that the crude extract and purified xanthones from mangosteen possessed antileptospiral activities. The crude extracts were active against all five serovars of test leptospira with MICs ranging from 200 to ≥ 800 μg/ml. Among the crude extracts and purified xanthones, garcinone C was the most active compound against both of pathogenic (MIC =100 μg/ml) and non-pathogenic leptospira (MIC = 200 μg/ml). However, these MIC values were higher than those of traditional antibiotics. Combinations of γ-mangostin with penicillin G generated synergistic effect against L. interrogans serovars Bataviae, Autumnalis and Javanica (FIC = 0.52, 0.50, and 0.04, respectively) and no interaction against L. biflexa serovar Patoc (FIC =0.75). However, antagonistic activity (FIC = 4.03) was observed in L. interrogans serovar Saigon. Conclusions Crude extracts and purified xanthones from fruit pericarp of G. mangostana with significant antibacterial activity may be used to control leptospirosis. The combination of xanthone with antibiotic enhances the antileptospiral efficacy.
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Ahmad M, Yamin BM, Mat Lazim A. A study on dispersion and characterisation of α-mangostin loaded pH sensitive microgel systems. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:85. [PMID: 23680098 PMCID: PMC3662622 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Mangostin was extracted with methanol from the rind of mangosteen fruit and purified by using silica gel column chromatography technique. The compound is characterised using infrared, (13)C and (1)H NMR as well as UV-vis spectroscopy. The α-mangostin dispersion in colloidal systems was studied by incorporating it with an ionic microgel, poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide)-co-2VP at different pH. RESULT The DLS result showed the size of microgel-α-mangostin mixture declined from 548 nm to 200 nm upon the increment of the pH. Moreover, it was found the morphology of loaded compound depended largely on the nature of the continuous phase of the microgel system. Interestingly, by manipulating the pH, α-mangostin tends to form crystal at extremely low pH and transforms into spherical shapes at pH 6. CONCLUSION This research shows different structures of the α-mangostin particle that are attributed by adjusting the pH using microgel systems as a template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madihah Ahmad
- School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Bohari M Yamin
- School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Azwan Mat Lazim
- School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
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Synthesis, crystal structure, spectral characterization and fluorescence studies of salts of α-mangostin with APIs. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Correia-da-Silva M, Sousa E, Pinto MMM. Emerging sulfated flavonoids and other polyphenols as drugs: nature as an inspiration. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:223-79. [PMID: 23553315 DOI: 10.1002/med.21282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nature uses sulfation of endogenous and exogenous molecules mainly to avoid potential toxicity. The growing importance of natural sulfated molecules, as modulators of a number of physiological and pathological processes, has inspired the synthesis of non-natural sulfated scaffolds. Until the 1990s, the synthesis of sulfated small molecules was almost restricted to derivatives of flavonoids and aimed mainly at structure elucidation and plant biosynthesis studies. Currently, the synthesis of this type of compounds concerns structurally diverse scaffolds and is aimed at the development of potential drugs and/or exploitation of the biological effects of sulfated metabolites. Some important hit compounds are emerging from sulfated flavonoids and other polyphenols mainly as anticoagulant and antiviral agents. When compared with polymeric macromolecules such as heparins, sulfated small molecules could be of value in therapeutics due to their hydrophobic nature that can contribute to improve the bioavailability. This review highlights the synthetic approaches that were applied to obtain monosulfated or polysulfated phenolic small molecules and compiles the diverse biological activities already reported for this type of derivatives. Toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters of this emerging class of derivatives will also be considered, emphasizing their value for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Correia-da-Silva
- Centro de Química Medicinal da Universidade do Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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Recent advances in antitubercular natural products. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 49:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Yeung KS, Peng XS, Wu J, Hou XL. Five-Membered Ring Systems: Furans and Benzofurans. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-096807-0.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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