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Anyanwu GO, Ejike UD, Gyebi GA, Rauf K, Nisar-Ur-Rehman, Iqbal J, Zaib S, Usunobun U, Onyeneke EC, Alotaibi BS, Batiha GES. Phytochemical analysis, in vitro and in silico effects from Alstonia boonei De Wild stem bark on selected digestive enzymes and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:370. [PMID: 37864233 PMCID: PMC10588189 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global health issue arising from the unhealthy accumulation of fat. Medicinal plants such as Alstonia boonei stem bark has been reported to possess body weight reducing effect in obese rats. Thus, this study sought to investigate the in vitro and in silico effects of fractions from Alstonia boonei stem bark on selected obesity-related digestive enzymes and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. METHOD Two fractions were prepared from A. boonei: crude alkaloid fraction (CAF) and crude saponin fraction (CSF), and their phytochemical compounds were profiled using Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). The fractions were assayed for inhibitory activity against lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, likewise their antiadipogenic effect in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The binding properties with the 3 enzymes were also assessed using in silico tools. RESULTS Eleven alkaloids and six saponin phytochemical compounds were identified in the CAF and CSF using LCMS/MS. The CAF and CSF revealed good inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase enzyme, but weak and good activity against amylase respectively while only CSF had inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. Both fractions showed antiadipogenic effect in the clearance of adipocytes and reduction of lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The LCMS/MS identified compounds (41) from both fractions demonstrated good binding properties with the 3 enzymes, with at least the top ten compounds having higher binding energies than the reference inhibitors (acarbose and orlistat). The best two docked compounds to the three enzymes were firmly anchored in the substrate binding pockets of the enzymes. In a similar binding pattern as the reference acarbose, Estradiol-17-phenylpropionate (-11.0 kcal/mol) and 3α-O-trans-Feruloyl-2 α -hydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid (-10.0 kcal/mol) interacted with Asp197 a catalytic nucleophile of pancreatic amylase. Estradiol-17-phenylpropionate (-10.8 kcal/mol) and 10-Hydroxyyohimbine (-10.4 kcal/mol) interacted with the catalytic triad (Ser152-Asp176-His263) of pancreatic lipase while Estradiol-17-phenylpropionate (-10.1 kcal/mol) and 10-Hydroxyyohimbine (-9.9 kcal/mol) interacted with Asp616 and Asp518 the acid/base and nucleophilic residues of modelled α-glucosidase. CONCLUSION The antiobesity effect of A. boonei was displayed by both the alkaloid and saponin fractions of the plant via inhibition of pancreatic lipase and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel O Anyanwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan.
| | - Uju D Ejike
- Department of Biochemistry, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Gideon A Gyebi
- Department of Biochemistry, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Khalid Rauf
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Nisar-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Usunomena Usunobun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Edo University Uzairue, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Eusebius C Onyeneke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Badriyah S Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, 22511, Egypt
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Rocha S, Rufino AT, Freitas M, Silva AMS, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Methodologies for Assessing Pancreatic Lipase Catalytic Activity: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-28. [PMID: 37335098 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2221731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease of epidemic proportions with a concerning increasing trend. Regarded as one of the main sources of energy, lipids can also represent a big part of an unnecessary intake of calories and be, therefore, directly related to the problem of obesity. Pancreatic lipase is an enzyme that is essential in the absorption and digestion of dietary fats and has been explored as an alternative for the reduction of fat absorption and consequent weigh loss.Literature describes a great variability of methodologies and experimental conditions used in research to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of compounds against pancreatic lipase. However, in an attempt to choose the best approach, it is necessary to know all the reaction conditions and understand how these can affect the enzymatic assay.The objective of this review is to understand and summarize the methodologies and respective experimental conditions that are mainly used to evaluate pancreatic lipase catalytic activity.156 studies were included in this work and a detailed description of the most commonly used UV/Vis spectrophotometric and fluorimetric instrumental techniques are presented, including a discussion regarding the differences found in the parameters used in both techniques, namely enzyme, substrate, buffer solutions, kinetics conditions, temperature and pH.This works shows that both UV/Vis spectrophotometry and fluorimetry are useful instrumental techniques for the evaluation of pancreatic lipase catalytic activity, presenting several advantages and limitations, which make the choice of parameters and experimental conditions a crucial decision to obtain the most reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Tao L, Xu S, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yang J, Gu W, Yi P, Hao X, Yuan C. Bioassay-guided isolation of α-Glucosidase inhibitory constituents from Hypericum sampsonii. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:443-453. [PMID: 37407175 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
This study employed the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity model as an anti-diabetic assay and implemented a bioactivity-guided isolation strategy to identify novel natural compounds with potential therapeutic properties. Hypericum sampsoniiwas investigated, leading to the isolation of two highly modified seco-polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) (1 and 2), eight phenolic derivatives (3-10), and four terpene derivatives (11-14). The structures of compounds 1 and 2, featuring an unprecedented octahydro-2H-chromen-2-one ring system, were fully characterized using extensive spectroscopic data and quantum chemistry calculations. Six compounds (1, 5-7, 9, and 14) exhibited potential inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase, with IC50 values ranging from 0.050 ± 0.0016 to 366.70 ± 11.08 μg·mL-1. Notably, compound 5 (0.050 ± 0.0016 μg·mL-1) was identified as the most potential α-glucosidase inhibitor, with an inhibitory effect about 6900 times stronger than the positive control, acarbose (IC50 = 346.63 ± 15.65 μg·mL-1). A docking study was conducted to predict molecular interactions between two compounds (1 and 5) and α-glucosidase, and the hypothetical biosynthetic pathways of the two unprecedented seco-PPAPs were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Shuangyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Zizhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Jue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Wei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Ping Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Chunmao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China.
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Epifano F, Genovese S, Palumbo L, Collevecchio C, Fiorito S. Protection of Mitochondrial Potential and Activity by Oxyprenylated Phenylpropanoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020259. [PMID: 36829818 PMCID: PMC9952183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of five naturally occurring oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids, namely, the coumarins auraptene (7-geranyloxycoumarin) 1 and 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin 2, and the coumaric acid and ferulic acid derivatives, 4'-isopentenyloxycoumaric acid 3, boropinic acid 4, and 4'-geranyloxyferulic acid 5 were tested for their effects on mitochondrial functionality using the organophosphate pesticides glyphosate and chlorpyrifos, and resveratrol, as the reference. While not showing an appreciable in vitro antioxidant activity, and virtually no or a little effect on the viability of non-cancer cell lines BEAS-2B and SHSY-5Y, all phytochemicals exhibited a marked protective effect on mitochondrial potential and activity, with values that were comparable to resveratrol. Auraptene 1 and 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin 2 were seen to be the most effective secondary metabolite to this concern, in particular in being able to completely abolish the decrease of mitochondrial potential induced by increasing concentration of both glyphosate and chlorpyrifos. All the compounds tested also exhibited a protective effect on mitochondrial activity. The potency displayed will shed more light on the molecular basis of the beneficial effects of auraptene, 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin, and structurally related oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids reported to date in the literature.
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Belaabed S, Khalfaoui A, Parisi V, Santoro V, Russo D, Ponticelli M, Monné M, Rebbas K, Milella L, Donadio G. Rhanteriol, a New Rhanterium suaveolens Desf. Lignan with Pharmacological Potential as an Inhibitor of Enzymes Involved in Neurodegeneration and Type 2 Diabetes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020301. [PMID: 36679017 PMCID: PMC9865629 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Several specialized plant metabolites are reported to be enzyme inhibitors. In this investigation, the phytochemical composition and the biological activity of Rhanterium suaveolens Desf. were studied. One new lignan (rhanteriol 1) and seven known secondary metabolites were isolated from the aerial parts of R. suaveolens by using different chromatographic procedures. The biological properties of the R. suaveolens extracts and the new compound were evaluated by measuring their ability to inhibit the cholinesterase and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, using cell-free in vitro methods. The new lignan, rhanteriol, was shown to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 46.42 ± 3.25 μM and 26.76 ± 3.29 μM, respectively), as well as butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 10.41 ± 0.03 μM), with an effect comparable to that of the respective standards, acarbose and galantamine. Furthermore, docking studies were performed suggesting the interaction mode of rhanteriol with the active sites of the investigated enzymes. The obtained data demonstrated that the aerial part of R. suaveolens could represent a source of active molecules, such as rhanteriol, usable in the development of treatments for preventing or treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Belaabed
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules, Physicochemical and Biological Analysis, University Mentouri, Route Ain ElBey, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Ayoub Khalfaoui
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules, Physicochemical and Biological Analysis, University Mentouri, Route Ain ElBey, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università Degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Santoro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università Degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Degli Studi Della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- BioActiPlant s.r.l., Viale Dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Ponticelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Degli Studi Della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Magnus Monné
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Degli Studi Della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Khellaf Rebbas
- Natural and Life Sciences Department, Mohamed Boudiaf University, M’Sila 28000, Algeria
| | - Luigi Milella
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Degli Studi Della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuliana Donadio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università Degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
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Prieto-Rodríguez JA, Lévuok-Mena KP, Cardozo-Muñoz JC, Parra-Amin JE, Lopez-Vallejo F, Cuca-Suárez LE, Patiño-Ladino OJ. In Vitro and In Silico Study of the α-Glucosidase and Lipase Inhibitory Activities of Chemical Constituents from Piper cumanense (Piperaceae) and Synthetic Analogs. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172188. [PMID: 36079571 PMCID: PMC9460781 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Digestive enzymes are currently considered important therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and some associated metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Piper cumanense is a species characterized by the presence of bioactive constituents, particularly prenylated benzoic acid derivatives. In this study, the inhibitory potential of chemical constituents from P. cumanense and some synthesized compounds was determined on digestive enzymes (pancreatic lipase (PL) and α-glucosidase (AG)). The methodology included isolating and identifying secondary metabolites from P. cumanense, synthesizing some analogs, and a molecular docking study. The chemical study allowed the isolation of four prenylated benzoic acid derivatives (1–4). Four analogs (5–8) were synthesized. Seven compounds were found to significantly inhibit the catalytic activity of PL with IC50 values between 28.32 and 55.8 µM. On the other hand, only two compounds (6 and 7) were active as inhibitors of AG with IC50 values lower than 155 µM, standing out as the potential multitarget of these chromane compounds. Enzyme kinetics and molecular docking studies showed that the bioactive compounds mainly interact with amino acids other than those of the catalytic site in both PL and AG. This work constitutes the first report on the antidiabetic and antiobesity potential of substances derived from P. cumanense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet A. Prieto-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-6013208320 (ext. 4124)
| | - Kevin P. Lévuok-Mena
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Cardozo-Muñoz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Jorge E. Parra-Amin
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
| | - Fabián Lopez-Vallejo
- Departamento de Física y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Manizales, Kilómetro 9 vía al aeropuerto, La Nubia, Manizales 170003, Colombia
| | - Luis E. Cuca-Suárez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Oscar J. Patiño-Ladino
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
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Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) and the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Mediate the Effect of the Coumarin Derivative Umbelliferon on Bone Mineralization. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153209. [PMID: 35956385 PMCID: PMC9370350 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone physiology is regulated by osteoblast and osteoclast activities, both involved in the bone remodeling process, through deposition and resorption mechanisms, respectively. The imbalance between these two phenomena contributes to the onset of bone diseases. Among these, osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disorder. The therapies currently used for its treatment include antiresorptive and anabolic agents associated with side effects. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches, including natural molecules such as coumarin and their derivatives, have recently shown positive results. Thus, our proposal was to investigate the effect of the coumarin derivative umbelliferon (UF) using an interesting model of human osteoblasts (hOBs) isolated from osteoporotic patients. UF significantly improved the activity of osteoporotic-patient-derived hOBs via estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and the downstream activation of β-catenin pathway. Additionally, hOBs were co-cultured in microgravity with human osteoclasts (hOCs) using a 3D system bioreactor, able to reproduce the bone remodeling unit in bone loss conditions in vitro. Notably, UF exerted its anabolic role by reducing the multinucleated cells. Overall, our study confirms the potential efficacy of UF in bone health, and identified, for the first time, a prospective alternative natural compound useful to prevent/treat bone loss diseases such as osteoporosis.
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