1
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Zhang C, Lum KY, White JM, Duffy S, Lock AM, Avery VM, Davis RA. Chemical and Antiplasmodial Investigations on Eremophila-Derived Alkaloids and Semisynthetic Ether Analogues. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024. [PMID: 38416027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Microthecaline A (1), the known antiplasmodial quinoline serrulatane alkaloid from the roots of Eremophila microtheca F. Muell. ex Benth. (Scrophulariaceae), was targeted for isolation and subsequent use in the generation of a semisynthetic ether library. A large-scale extraction and isolation yielded the previously undescribed quinoline serrulatane microthecaline B (2), along with crystalline 1 that enabled the first X-ray crystallographic analysis to be undertaken on this rare alkaloid structure class. The X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 supported the absolute configuration assignment of microthecaline A, which was originally assigned by ECD data analysis. Microthecaline A (1) was converted into 10 new semisynthetic ether derivatives (3-12) using a diverse series of commercially available alkyl halides. Chemical structures of the new serrulatane alkaloid and semisynthetic ether analogues were assigned by spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses. Antiplasmodial evaluations of 1-12 showed that the semisynthetic derivative 5 elicited the most potent activity with an IC50 value of 7.2 μM against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (drug-sensitive) strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Kah Yean Lum
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Aaron M Lock
- Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- NatureBank, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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2
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Zhao Y, Li T, Kjaerulff L, Venter H, Coriani S, Møller BL, Semple S, Staerk D. Orthogonal Reversed-Phase C 18 and Pentafluorophenyl HPLC Separation for Phytochemical Profiling of Serrulatanes in Eremophila denticulata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:2638-2650. [PMID: 38013449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Serrulatanes constitute a class of unique diterpenoids derived from all-Z nerylneryl diphosphate rather than the conventional all-E diterpenoid precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate and thus provide an intriguing expansion of the chemical space of plant specialized metabolites. Plants of the Australian Eremophila genus are rich sources of structurally diverse serrulatanes. Here, we report the identification of 15 hitherto undescribed serrulatanes (eremoculatanes A-N), together with 16 previously reported compounds, from the EtOAc extract of Eremophila denticulata leaves. Isolation was performed by a combined use of systematic HPLC-PDA-HRMS-based phytochemical profiling and orthogonal reversed-phase C18 and pentafluorophenyl separations. Among the new compounds isolated, eremoculatane A contains a C12 backbone, for which the configuration was established by comparison of experimentally measured and theoretically calculated ECD spectra. The antihyperglycemic and antibacterial activities of the E. denticulata extract were investigated by high-resolution inhibition profiling, and they indicated that major constituents, mainly serrulatanes and flavonoids, contributed to the observed activity of the extract. One flavonoid, eupafolin (4), displayed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 41.3 μM, and four serrulatanes (8, 9, 19g, and 19j) showed more than 50% PTP1B inhibition at 200 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Kjaerulff
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrietta Venter
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Susan Semple
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Liu BR, Shi XL, Yan JK, Zhao R. A high-resolution α-glucosidase inhibition profiling for targeted identification of natural antidiabetic products from Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm and their inhibitory mechanism study. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:4099-4111. [PMID: 36710469 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2169860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The targeted identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from the crude ethyl acetate of Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm (L.cernua) was guided by high-resolution inhibition profiling. The α-glucosidase inhibition profiling and HPLC-QTOF-MS showed tannins and serratenes were the corresponding antidiabetic constituents. Two new serratenes named 3β, 21β-dihydroxyserra-14-en-24-oic acid-3β-(4'-methoxy-5'-hydroxybenzoate) (4), 3β, 21α-dihydroxyserra-14-en-24-oic acid-3β-(4'-methoxy-5'-hydroxybenzoate) (7), together with two known compounds (5 and 6) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by HR-ESI-MS and NMR. Compounds 5-7 inhibited the α-glucosidase activity in a non-competitive manner with Ki values ranging from 1.29 to 12.9 µM. The molecular docking result unveiled that 4-7 bound to the residues at the channel site, which enabled to block the substrate access. In addition, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the most active compound 7 and α-glucosidase indicated the 4'-methoxy-5'-hydroxybenzoate group formed the stable hydrogen bonds and pi-pi T-shaped interactions with Arg312, Gln350 and Phe300 residues, while the rings D and E were stabilized by hydrophobic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Rui Liu
- School of Public Heath, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xu-Liu Shi
- College of Chemistry and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, China
| | - Jian-Kun Yan
- College of Chemistry and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Pharmacy Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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4
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Liang C, Ndi C, Kjaerulff L, Semple S, Buirchell B, Coriani S, Møller BL, Staerk D. Characterization of Serrulatane Diterpenoids in Eremophila phyllopoda subsp. phyllopoda by Triple High-Resolution α-Glucosidase/PTP1B/Radical Scavenging Profiling, NMR Spectroscopy, DFT-GIAO NMR, and Electronic Circular Dichroism Calculations. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:694-709. [PMID: 36880726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of Eremophila phyllopoda subsp. phyllopoda showed α-glucosidase and PTP1B inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 19.6 and 13.6 μg/mL, respectively. High-resolution α-glucosidase/PTP1B/radical scavenging profiling was performed to establish a triple high-resolution inhibition profile that allowed direct pinpointing of the constituents responsible for one or more of the observed bioactivities. Subsequent targeted isolation and purification by analytical-scale HPLC led to the identification of 21 previously undescribed serrulatane diterpenoids, eremophyllanes A-U, as well as two known serrulatane diterpenoids, 1β-trihydroxyserrulatane (8) and 1α-trihydroxyserrulatane (10d), and five known furofuran lignans, (+)-piperitol (6), horsfieldin (7e), (-)-sesamin (9), (+)-sesamin (10h), and asarinin (10i). Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of HRMS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The relative configurations of the previously undescribed compounds were established by analysis of ROESY spectra as well as by DFT-GIAO NMR calculations followed by DP4+ probability analysis. The absolute configurations were determined by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Serrulatane diterpenoids 7b and 14 exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 28.4 and 64.2 μM, respectively, while 11, 12, 14, and 15 exhibited PTP1B inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 16.6 to 104.6 μM. Hypothetical routes for formation of all identified serrulatane diterpenoids are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chi Ndi
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Louise Kjaerulff
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Semple
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Bevan Buirchell
- Wise Owl Consulting, Como, Western Australia 6152, Australia
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Zhang C, Lum KY, Taki AC, Gasser RB, Byrne JJ, Montaner LJ, Tietjen I, Avery VM, Davis RA. Using a Bioactive Eremophila-Derived Serrulatane Scaffold to Generate a Unique Carbamate Library for Anti-infective Evaluations. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:557-565. [PMID: 36799121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The known Eremophila microtheca-derived diterpenoid 3,7,8-trihydroxyserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid (1) was targeted for large-scale purification, as this bioactive plant compound has proven to be an attractive scaffold for semisynthetic studies and subsequent library generation. Compound 1 was converted to a selectively protected trimethyl derivative, 3-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid methyl ester (2), using simple and rapid methylation conditions. The resulting scaffold 2 was reacted with a diverse series of commercially available isocyanates to generate an 11-membered carbamate-based library. The chemical structures of the 11 new semisynthetic analogues were fully characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis. All natural products and semisynthetic compounds were evaluated for their anthelmintic, antimalarial, and anti-HIV activities. Compound 3 was shown to elicit the greatest antiplasmodial activity of all compounds tested, with IC50 values of 4.6 and 11.6 μM against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and Dd2, respectively. Compound 11 showed the greatest inhibition of development to fourth-stage Haemonchus contortus larvae (L4) and induction of a skinny (Ski) phenotype (67.5% of nematodes) at 50 μM. Compound 7, which inhibited 59.0% of HIV production at 100 μg/mL, was the carbamate analogue that displayed the best antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Kah Yean Lum
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Aya C Taki
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Joseph J Byrne
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Luis J Montaner
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ian Tietjen
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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6
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Zhao Y, Gericke O, Li T, Kjaerulff L, Kongstad KT, Heskes AM, Møller BL, Jørgensen FS, Venter H, Coriani S, Semple SJ, Staerk D. Polypharmacology-Labeled Molecular Networking: An Analytical Technology Workflow for Accelerated Identification of Multiple Bioactive Constituents in Complex Extracts. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4381-4389. [PMID: 36802535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of sustainable and benign-by-design drugs to combat emerging health pandemics calls for new analytical technologies to explore the chemical and pharmacological properties of Nature's unique chemical space. Here, we present a new analytical technology workflow, polypharmacology-labeled molecular networking (PLMN), where merged positive and negative ionization tandem mass spectrometry-based molecular networking is linked with data from polypharmacological high-resolution inhibition profiling for easy and fast identification of individual bioactive constituents in complex extracts. The crude extract of Eremophila rugosa was subjected to PLMN analysis for the identification of antihyperglycemic and antibacterial constituents. Visually easy-interpretable polypharmacology scores and polypharmacology pie charts as well as microfractionation variation scores of each node in the molecular network provided direct information about each constituent's activity in the seven assays included in this proof-of-concept study. A total of 27 new non-canonical nerylneryl diphosphate-derived diterpenoids were identified. Serrulatane ferulate esters were shown to be associated with antihyperglycemic and antibacterial activities, including some showing synergistic activity with oxacillin in clinically relevant (epidemic) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and some showing saddle-shaped binding to the active site of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B. PLMN is scalable in the number and types of assays included and thus holds potential for a paradigm shift toward polypharmacological natural-products-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Oliver Gericke
- Department of Plant and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Louise Kjaerulff
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Kenneth T Kongstad
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Allison Maree Heskes
- Department of Plant and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Department of Plant and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Flemming Steen Jørgensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Henrietta Venter
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australian
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Susan J Semple
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australian
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
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7
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Zhang Z, Shang ZP, Jiang Y, Qu ZX, Yang RY, Zhang J, Lin YX, Zhao F. Selective Inhibition of PTP1B by New Anthraquinone Glycosides from Knoxia valerianoides. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2836-2844. [PMID: 36399709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is highly validated as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. However, active site-directed PTP1B inhibitors generally suffer from poor selectivity and bioavailability. Inspired by the identification of a unique anthraquinone-coumarin hybrid from Knoxia valerianoides exhibiting good specificity for PTP1B over the highly homologous T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), further chemical investigation of this plant species led to the isolation of nine new anthraquinone glycosides (1-9) and two known ones (10 and 11). Structures were characterized by a combination of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. All compounds showed PTP1B inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 1.05 to 13.74 μM. Compounds 4 and 8 exhibited greater than 64-fold selectivity over TCPTP. Enzyme kinetic studies revealed that compounds 4 and 7 behaved as mixed-type inhibitors. Docking studies predicted similar binding modes of these compounds at the allosteric site positioned between helices α3 and α6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Peng Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Xia Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Yong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Xi Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
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8
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Cock IE, Baghtchedjian L, Cordon ME, Dumont E. Phytochemistry, Medicinal Properties, Bioactive Compounds, and Therapeutic Potential of the Genus Eremophila (Scrophulariaceae). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227734. [PMID: 36431834 PMCID: PMC9697388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The genus Eremophila (family Scrophulariaceae) consists of approximately 200 species that are widely distributed in the semi-arid and arid regions of Australia. Multiple Eremophila spp. are used as traditional medicines by the First Australians in the areas in which they grow. They are used for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and cardiac properties. Many species of this genus are beneficial against several diseases and ailments. The antibacterial properties of the genus have been relatively well studied, with several important compounds identified and their mechanisms studied. In particular, Eremophila spp. are rich in terpenoids, and the antimicrobial bioactivities of many of these compounds have already been confirmed. The therapeutic properties of Eremophila spp. preparations and purified compounds have received substantially less attention, and much study is required to validate the traditional uses and to highlight species that warrant further investigation as drug leads. The aim of this study is to review and summarise the research into the medicinal properties, therapeutic mechanisms, and phytochemistry of Eremophila spp., with the aim of focussing future studies into the therapeutic potential of this important genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Edwin Cock
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Brisbane 4127, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3735-7637
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9
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Rasmussen LF, Anton J, Kjaerulff L, Zhao Y, Semple SJ, Chi N, Buirchell B, Møller BL, Staerk D. Serrulatane diterpenoids with unusual side chain modifications from root bark of Eremophila longifolia. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113408. [PMID: 36063865 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant genus Eremophila is endemic to Australia and widespread in arid regions. Root bark extract of Eremophila longifolia (R.Br.) F.Muell. (Scrophulariaceae) was investigated by LC-PDA-HRMS, and dereplication suggested the presence of a series of diterpenoids. Using a combination of preparative- and analytical-scale HPLC separation as well as extensive 1D and 2D NMR analysis, the structures of 12 hitherto unreported serrulatane diterpenoids, eremolongine A-L, were established. These structures included serrulatanes with unusual side chain modifications to form hitherto unseen skeletons with, e.g., cyclopentane, oxepane, and bicyclic hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan moieties. Serrulatane diterpenoids in Eremophila have recently been shown to originate from a common biosynthetic precursor with conserved stereochemical configuration, and this was used for tentative assignment of the relative and absolute configuration of the isolated compounds. Triple high-resolution α-glucosidase/α-amylase/PTP1B inhibition profiling demonstrated that several of the eremolongines had weak inhibitory activity towards targets important for management of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Fentz Rasmussen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Anton
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Kjaerulff
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yong Zhao
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Susan J Semple
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Ndi Chi
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Bevan Buirchell
- Wise Owl Consulting, Como, Western Australia, 6152, Australia
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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10
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Semple SJ, Staerk D, Buirchell BJ, Fowler RM, Gericke O, Kjaerulff L, Zhao Y, Pedersen HA, Petersen MJ, Rasmussen LF, Bredahl EK, Pedersen GB, McNair LM, Ndi CP, Hansen NL, Heskes AM, Bayly MJ, Loland CJ, Heinz N, Møller BL. Biodiscoveries within the Australian plant genus Eremophila based on international and interdisciplinary collaboration: results and perspectives on outstanding ethical dilemmas. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:936-953. [PMID: 35696314 PMCID: PMC9543726 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In a cross-continental research initiative, including researchers working in Australia and Denmark, and based on joint external funding by a 3-year grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation, we have used DNA sequencing, extensive chemical profiling and molecular networking analyses across the entire Eremophila genus to provide new knowledge on the presence of natural products and their bioactivities using polypharmocological screens. Sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids and dimers of branched-chain fatty acids with previously unknown chemical structures were identified. The collection of plant material from the Eremophila genus was carried out according to a 'bioprospecting agreement' with the Government of Western Australia. We recognize that several Eremophila species hold immense cultural significance to Australia's First Peoples. In spite of our best intentions to ensure that new knowledge gained about the genus Eremophila and any potential future benefits are shared in an equitable manner, in accordance with the Nagoya Protocol, we encounter serious dilemmas and potential conflicts in making benefit sharing with Australia's First Peoples a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J. Semple
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaide5000Australia
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐2100CopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Rachael M. Fowler
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Oliver Gericke
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
- Present address:
Carlsberg Research LaboratoryJ.C. Jacobsens Gade 4DK‐1799CopenhagenValbyDenmark.
| | - Louise Kjaerulff
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐2100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐2100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Hans Albert Pedersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐2100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Malene J. Petersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐2100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Line Fentz Rasmussen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐2100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Emilie Kold Bredahl
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐2100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Gustav Blichfeldt Pedersen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Laura Mikél McNair
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐2100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Chi P. Ndi
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaide5000Australia
| | - Nikolaj Lervad Hansen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Allison M. Heskes
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Michael J. Bayly
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐2100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Nanna Heinz
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
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