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Nair S, Razo-Azamar M, Jayabalan N, Dalgaard LT, Palacios-González B, Sørensen A, Kampmann U, Handberg A, Carrion F, Salomon C. Advances in extracellular vesicles as mediators of cell-to-cell communication in pregnancy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:86-98. [PMID: 38233286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication mediated by Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) is a novel and emerging area of research, especially during pregnancy, in which placenta derived EVs can facilitate the feto-maternal communication. EVs comprise a heterogeneous group of vesicle sub-populations with diverse physical and biochemical characteristics and originate by specific biogenesis mechanisms. EVs transfer molecular cargo (including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) between cells and are critical mediators of cell communication. There is growing interest among researchers to explore into the molecular cargo of EVs and their functions in a physiological and pathological context. For example, inflammatory mediators such as cytokines are shown to be released in EVs and EVs derived from immune cells play key roles in mediating the immune response as well as immunoregulatory pathways. Pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth are associated with altered levels of circulating EVs, with differential EV cargo and bioactivity in target cells. This implicates the intriguing roles of EVs in reprogramming the maternal physiology during pregnancy. Moreover, the capacity of EVs to carry bioactive molecules makes them a promising tool for biomarker development and targeted therapies in pregnancy complications. This review summarizes the physiological and pathological roles played by EVs in pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders and describes the potential of EVs to be translated into clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Melissa Razo-Azamar
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN) en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), CDMX, 14330, Mexico
| | - Nanthini Jayabalan
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | | | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN) en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), CDMX, 14330, Mexico
| | - Anne Sørensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Flavio Carrion
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile.
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Guo H, Zhang Y, Chu Y, Yang S, Zhang J, Qiao R. Recombinant protein diannexin prevents preeclampsia-like symptoms in a pregnant mouse model via reducing the release of microparticles. Front Med 2022; 16:919-931. [PMID: 36331793 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by placenta-mediated pregnancy complication. The only effective treatment for PE is the delivery of the placenta. However, this treatment may cause preterm birth and neonatal death. Therefore, preventing PE is needed. The mechanism of PE involves abnormal placentation, which leads to the release of anti-angiogenic and inflammatory mediators into maternal circulation. These mediators contribute to systemic vascular dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and excessive thrombin generation. Microparticles (MPs) are reportedly involved in PE by promoting the thromboinflammatory response. This study describes a strategy to prevent PE by reducing MP release using the recombinant protein, diannexin. Results showed that the patients with PE had elevated MP number and procoagulant activity and increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, diannexin remarkably reduced the release of MPs from activated cells by binding to phosphatidylserine exposed on the surface of activated cells. Moreover, in vivo results showed that diannexin could prevent PE-like symptoms by decreasing MPs and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in pregnant mice. Furthermore, diannexin effectively inhibited trophoblast cell activation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro. These findings suggested that diannexin inhibited MP release and might be an effective therapeutic strategy for preventing PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Guo
- Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuncong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yaxin Chu
- Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with long-term morbidity in mothers and lifelong morbidities for their children, ranging from cerebral palsy and cognitive delay in preterm infants, to hypertension, diabetes and obesity in adolescents and young adults. There are several processes that are critical for development of materno-fetal exchange, including establishing adequate perfusion of the placenta by maternal blood, and the formation of the placental villous vascular tree. Recent studies provide persuasive evidence that placenta-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a significant intercellular communication pathway, and that they may play an important role in placental and endothelial cell (both fetal and maternal) function. These functions are known to be altered in PE. EVs can carry and transport a wide range of bioactive molescules that have potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery tools for PE. EV content is often parent cell specific, thus providing an insight or "thumbprint" of the intracellular environment of the originating cell (e.g., human placenta). EV have been identified in plasma under both normal and pathological conditions, including PE. The concentration of EVs and their content in plasma has been reported to increase in association with disease severity and/or progression. Placenta-derived EVs have been identified in maternal plasma during normal pregnancy and PE pregnancies. They contain placenta-specific proteins and miRNAs and, as such, may be differentiated from maternally-derived EVs. The aim of this review, thus, is to describe the potential roles of EVs in preecmpatic pregnancies, focussing on EVs secreted from placental cells. The biogenesis, specificity of placental EVs, and methods used to characterise EVs in the context of PE pregnancies will be also discussed.
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Tatischeff I. Dictyostelium: A Model for Studying the Extracellular Vesicle Messengers Involved in Human Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:E225. [PMID: 30857191 PMCID: PMC6468606 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are newly uncovered messengers for intercellular communication. They are released by almost all cell types in the three kingdoms, Archeabacteria, Bacteria and Eukaryotes. They are known to mediate important biological functions and to be increasingly involved in cell physiology and in many human diseases, especially in oncology. The aim of this review is to recapitulate the current knowledge about EVs and to summarize our pioneering work about Dictyostelium discoideum EVs. However, many challenges remain unsolved in the EV research field, before any EV application for theranostics (diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy) of human cancers, can be efficiently implemented in the clinics. Dictyostelium might be an outstanding eukaryotic cell model for deciphering the utmost challenging problem of EV heterogeneity, and for unraveling the still mostly unknown mechanisms of their specific functions as mediators of intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irène Tatischeff
- Honorary CNRS (Centre de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France) and UPMC (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France) Research Director, Founder of RevInterCell, a Scientific Consulting Service, 91400 Orsay, France.
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Fitzgerald W, Gomez-Lopez N, Erez O, Romero R, Margolis L. Extracellular vesicles generated by placental tissues ex vivo: A transport system for immune mediators and growth factors. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12860. [PMID: 29726582 PMCID: PMC6021205 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To study the mechanisms of placenta function and the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in pregnancy, it is necessary to develop an ex vivo system that retains placental cytoarchitecture and the primary metabolic aspects, in particular the release of EVs and soluble factors. Here, we developed such a system and investigated the pattern of secretion of cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles by placental villous and amnion tissues ex vivo. METHODS OF STUDY Placental villous and amnion explants were cultured for 2 weeks at the air/liquid interface and their morphology and the released cytokines and EVs were analyzed. Cytokines were analyzed with multiplexed bead assays, and individual EVs were analyzed with recently developed techniques that involved EV capture with magnetic nanoparticles coupled to anti-EV antibodies and flow cytometry. RESULTS Ex vivo tissues (i) remained viable and preserved their cytoarchitecture; (ii) maintained secretion of cytokines and growth factors; (iii) released EVs of syncytiotrophoblast and amnion epithelial cell origins that contain cytokines and growth factors. CONCLUSION A system of ex vivo placental villous and amnion tissues can be used as an adequate model to study placenta metabolic activity in normal and complicated pregnancies, in particular to characterize EVs by their surface markers and by encapsulated proteins. Establishment and benchmarking the placenta ex vivo system may provide new insight in the functional status of this organ in various placental disorders, particularly regarding the release of EVs and cytokines. Such EVs may have a prognostic value for pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Fitzgerald
- Section of Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section of Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
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Boisramé-Helms J, Meziani F, Sananès N, Boisramé T, Langer B, Schneider F, Ragot T, Andriantsitohaina R, Tesse A. Detrimental arterial inflammatory effect of microparticles circulating in preeclamptic women: ex vivo evaluation in human arteries. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boisramé-Helms
- Service de Réanimation Médicale; Nouvel Hôpital Civil; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
- EA 7293; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS); Faculté de Pharmacie; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Ferhat Meziani
- Service de Réanimation Médicale; Nouvel Hôpital Civil; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
- EA 7293; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS); Faculté de Pharmacie; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Nicolas Sananès
- Service de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique; Hôpital de Hautepierre; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Thomas Boisramé
- Service de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique; Hôpital de Hautepierre; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Bruno Langer
- Service de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique; Hôpital de Hautepierre; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Francis Schneider
- Service de Réanimation Médicale; Hôpital de Hautepierre; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Thierry Ragot
- CNRS UMR 8203; Gustave Roussy; PR2 114 rue Edouard Vaillant 94805 Villejuif France
| | | | - Angela Tesse
- Inserm UMR S1087/CNRS UMR 629; L'institut du Thorax; IRS-UN; 8 Quai Moncousu BP 70721 Nantes 44008 France
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Mikhailova VA, Ovchinnikova OM, Zainulina MS, Sokolov DI, Sel'kov SA. Detection of microparticles of leukocytic origin in the peripheral blood in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 157:751-6. [PMID: 25348564 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles are microvesicles forming during cell activation and as a result of apoptotic cell death. Normal pregnancy is associated with apoptosis induction in active immune system cells, present in the decidual tissue. Preeclampsia is associated with activation of the peripheral blood leukocytes and more intense apoptosis of the trophoblast cells. As a result, the number of microparticles in the peripheral blood is changing in normal gestation and in preeclampsia. The content of the leukocytic microparticles in the peripheral blood is evaluated in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. The content of neutrophilic and monocytic microparticles is higher than normally in preeclampsia, this indicating activation of these cells. The number of microparticles formed by NK cells is low in preeclampsia, which can reflect the incompetence of immunological tolerance mechanisms under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Mikhailova
- Laboratory of Immunology, D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North-Western Division of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Shomer E, Katzenell S, Zipori Y, Sammour RN, Isermann B, Brenner B, Aharon A. Microvesicles of women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia affect human trophoblast fate and endothelial function. Hypertension 2013; 62:893-8. [PMID: 24082057 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles shedding from cell membrane affect inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. We hypothesize that microvesicles of women with gestational vascular complications reflect pathophysiological state of the patients and affect their endothelial and trophoblast cell function. Microvesicles of healthy pregnant women, women with gestational hypertension, mild, or severe preeclampsia/toxemia, were characterized, and their effects on early-stage or term trophoblasts and endothelial cells were evaluated using apoptosis, migration, and tube formation assays. Patient subgroups differed significantly only in proteinuria levels, therefore their microvesicles were assessed as 1 group, demonstrating higher levels of inflammatory and angiogenic proteins compared with those of healthy pregnant women. In endothelial cells, microvesicles of healthy pregnant women reduced caspase 3/7 activity, increased migration, and induced tube formation. These processes were suppressed by microvesicles of women with gestational vascular complications. In early-stage trophoblasts, microvesicles of healthy pregnant women decreased apoptosis compared with untreated cells (6±5% versus 13.8±5.8%; P<0.001) and caspase 3/7 activity and induced higher migration (39.7±10.1 versus 20.3±8.3 mm2; P<0.001). This effect was mediated through extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Conversely, microvesicles of women with gestational vascular complications increased term trophoblast apoptosis compared with cells exposed to microvesicles of healthy pregnant women (15.1±3.3% versus 6.5±2.1%; P<0.001) and inhibited early-stage trophoblasts migration (21.4±18.5 versus 39.7±10.1 mm2; P<0.001). In conclusion, microvesicle content and effects on endothelial and trophoblast cells vary according to the physiological/pathological state of a pregnant woman. Microvesicles seem to play a pivotal role in the course of pregnancy, which could potentially result in gestational vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Shomer
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Department of Hematology, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O. Box 9602, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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Alijotas-Reig J, Palacio-Garcia C, Llurba E, Vilardell-Tarres M. Cell-derived microparticles and vascular pregnancy complications: a systematic and comprehensive review. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:441-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lok CAR, Snijder KS, Nieuwland R, Van Der Post JAM, de Vos P, Faas MM. Microparticles of pregnant women and preeclamptic patients activate endothelial cells in the presence of monocytes. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 67:206-15. [PMID: 22011169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder that may result from an adverse maternal response to circulating placenta-derived factors, causing a systemic inflammation including endothelial activation. Plasma from preeclamptic patients was shown to induce endothelial activation in the presence of monocytes. We investigated whether microparticles (MP) are the plasma factors causing this activation of endothelial cells. METHOD OF STUDY Monocultures and co-cultures of monocytes and endothelial cells were incubated with plasma, MP-poor plasma or isolated MP from non-pregnant and pregnant women and preeclamptic patients (each n = 8). ICAM-1 expression was analyzed with flow cytometry. RESULTS The expression of ICAM-1 was significantly increased in monocytes and endothelial cells in co-cultures after the addition of isolated MP from preeclamptic patients (P = 0.017) and to a lesser extent in pregnant women (P = 0.012) compared to non-pregnant controls. CONCLUSIONS Microparticles from preeclamptic patients activate endothelial cells in the presence of monocytes. Whether all MP have the same effect on monocytes and endothelial cells or only a specific subgroup is the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A R Lok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Alijotas-Reig J, Palacio-Garcia C, Farran-Codina I, Ruiz-Romance M, Llurba E, Vilardell-Tarres M. Circulating cell-derived microparticles in severe preeclampsia and in fetal growth restriction. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 67:140-51. [PMID: 21992597 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The behavior of the circulating microparticles (cMP) in severe preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) is disputed. METHOD OF STUDY Non-matched case-control study. Seventy cases of severe PE/HELLP/FGR were compared to 38 healthy pregnant women. Twenty healthy non-pregnant women acted as a control. cMP were analyzed using flow cytometry. Results are given as total (annexin-A5-ANXA5+), platelet (CD41+), leukocyte (CD45+), endothelial (CD144+CD31+//CD41-), and CD41-negative cMP/μL of plasma. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) were analyzed through usual methods. RESULTS Platelet and endothelial cMP increased in healthy pregnant women. PE whole group (PE±FGR) showed an increase in endothelial and CD41-negative, but not in platelet-derived, cMP. Comparing PE whole group versus healthy pregnant, we found cMP levels of endothelial and CD41- had increased. The cMP results obtained in PE group were similar to those of the PE whole group. Comparing PE group to isolated FGR, significant CD41-negative cMP increase was found in PE. According to its aPL positivity, a trend to decrease in leukocyte and endothelial-derived cMP was found in PE group. CONCLUSION Normal pregnancy is accompanied by endothelial and platelet cell activation. Endothelial cell activation has been shown in PE but not in isolated FGR. In PE, aPL may contribute to endothelial and possibly to leukocyte cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Alijotas-Reig
- Systemic Autoimmune Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine I, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are shed from cell membranes of a variety of cells, promote thrombus formation, mediate pro-inflammatory effects and may cause endothelial dysfunction. Normal pregnancy is characterized by increased levels of MPs compared to non-pregnant healthy women but the prevalence, cell origin and the role of MPs in pregnancy-related complications remain controversial. Normal pregnancy is an acquired hyper-coagulable state due to an increase in procoagulants and decrease in natural anticoagulants. Pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia, intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR) and fetal loss are associated with placental dysfunction and may cause significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This article highlights the role of microparticles in maternal placental crosstalk and the interplay between microparticles, thrombosis and pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Aharon
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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13
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Alijotas-Reig J, Palacio-García C. [Is the endothelial circulating microparticles analysis enough to assess the inflammatory status related to preeclampsia?]. Med Clin (Barc) 2011; 136:531-3. [PMID: 21196020 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Alijotas-Reig J, Palacio-Garcia C, Farran-Codina I, Zarzoso C, Cabero-Roura L, Vilardell-Tarres M. Circulating cell-derived microparticles in women with pregnancy loss. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66:199-208. [PMID: 21276118 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To analyze cell-derived microparticles (cMP) in pregnancy loss (PL), both recurrent miscarriages (RM) and unexplained fetal loss (UFL). METHOD OF STUDY Non-matched case-control study was performed at Vall d'Hebron Hospital. Cell-derived microparticles of 53 PL cases, 30 with RM, 16 with UFL, and 7 (RM + UFL), were compared to 38 healthy pregnant women. Twenty healthy non-pregnant women act as controls. Cell-derived microparticles were analyzed through flow cytometry. Results are given as total annexin (A5+), endothelial-(CD144+/CD31+ CD41-), platelet-(CD41+), leukocyte-(CD45+) and CD41- c-MP/μL of plasma. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLA) were analyzed according to established methods. RESULTS Comparing PL versus healthy pregnant, we observed a significant endothelial cMP decrease in PL. When comparing RM subgroup with controls, we observed significant decreases in endothelial cMP. When comparing the PL positive for aPLA versus PL-aPLA-negative, no cMP numbering differences were seen. CONCLUSION Pregnancy loss seems to be related to endothelial cell activation and/or consumption. A relationship between aPLA and cMP could not be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Alijotas-Reig
- Ageing and Systemic Autoimmune Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine I, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain.
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Lok CAR, Van der Post JAM, Sturk A, Sargent IL, Nieuwland R. The functions of microparticles in preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2010; 1:59-65. [PMID: 26104232 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating blood cells, trophoblast cells and endothelial cells release microparticles (MP) into the maternal blood by membrane shedding. This process occurs upon activation or apoptosis of these cells. Evidence is accumulating that MP play a role in the development of thrombotic diseases. In recent years, the importance of changes in circulating MP numbers and in composition in preeclampsia has been recognized and research is now directed to discover the functional consequences of these changes. In this review we will discuss the structure and function of MP, with special emphasis on the changes in MP numbers, composition and function in pregnancy and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A R Lok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris A M Van der Post
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Augueste Sturk
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian L Sargent
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, The Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Biró E, van den Goor JM, de Mol BA, Schaap MC, Ko LY, Sturk A, Hack CE, Nieuwland R. Complement activation on the surface of cell-derived microparticles during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass - is retransfusion of pericardial blood harmful? Perfusion 2010; 26:21-9. [PMID: 20965956 DOI: 10.1177/0267659110385742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether cell-derived microparticles play a role in complement activation in pericardial blood of patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and whether microparticles in pericardial blood contribute to systemic complement activation upon retransfusion. METHODS Pericardial blood of 13 patients was retransfused in 9 and discarded in 4 cases. Microparticles were isolated from systemic blood collected before anesthesia (T1) and at the end of CPB (T2), and from pericardial blood. The microparticles were analyzed by flow cytometry for bound complement components C1q, C4 and C3, and bound complement activator molecules C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid P-component (SAP), immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG. Fluid-phase complement activation products (C4b/c, C3b/c) and activator molecules were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Compared with systemic T1 blood, pericardial blood contained increased C4b/c and C3b/c, and increased levels of microparticles with bound complement components. In systemic T1 samples, microparticle-bound CRP, whereas in pericardial blood, microparticle-bound SAP and IgM were associated with complement activation. At the end of CPB, increased C3b/c (but not C4b/c) was present in systemic T2 blood compared with T1, while concentrations of microparticles binding complement components and of those binding complement activator molecules were similar. Concentrations of fluid-phase complement activation products and microparticles were similar in patients whether or not retransfused with pericardial blood. CONCLUSIONS In pericardial blood of patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB, microparticles contribute to activation of the complement system via bound SAP and IgM. Retransfusion of pericardial blood, however, does not contribute to systemic complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Biró
- Dept. of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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van der Zee PM, Biró E, Trouw LA, Ko Y, de Winter RJ, Hack CE, Sturk A, Nieuwland R. C-reactive protein in myocardial infarction binds to circulating microparticles but is not associated with complement activation. Clin Immunol 2010; 135:490-5. [PMID: 20138585 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is elevated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). When CRP binds to membrane phospholipids or Fc receptors, it activates the complement system. Recent studies show that CRP can be exposed on cell-derived microparticles (MP) and is associated complement activation. OBJECTIVES We studied complement activation on circulating MP in AMI patients and healthy controls. METHODS MP were isolated from plasma of AMI patients (n=21) and sex- and age-matched healthy individuals (n=10), and analyzed by flow cytometry for bound complement components (C1q, C4, C3) and complement inhibitor and activator molecules (C4bp, CRP, serum amyloid P component, immunoglobulins IgM and IgG). Concurrently, the levels of fluid phase complement activation products and inhibitor and activator molecules were determined. RESULTS Fluid phase CRP, MP with bound CRP (CRP + MP), and C3 activation products were elevated in AMI patients compared to controls (P=0.032, P=0.031 and P=0.023, respectively), and fluid phase CRP correlated with CRP+ MP (r=0.84, P<0.001). Although CRP+ MP were elevated, they were not associated with C1q+ MP (r=0.32, P=0.174). In contrast, IgG+ MP were associated with C1q+ MP (r=0.73, P<0.001), C4+ MP and C3+ MP (r=0.78 and r=0.87, respectively; both P<0.001), and C4bp (r=0.63, P=0.004). In healthy individuals, CRP+ MP were strongly associated with C1q+ MP (r=0.82, P=0.007), which in turn were associated with C4+ MP and C3+ MP (r=0.68, P=0.032 and r=0.68, P=0.031, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Despite CRP-associated complement activation on the surface of MP in healthy individuals and a strong correlation between MP-bound CRP and fluid phase CRP in AMI patients, the MP-associated complement activation is IgG- but not CRP-dependent in AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M van der Zee
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Auer J, Camoin L, Guillonneau F, Rigourd V, Chelbi ST, Leduc M, Laparre J, Mignot TM, Vaiman D. Serum profile in preeclampsia and intra-uterine growth restriction revealed by iTRAQ technology. J Proteomics 2010; 73:1004-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Malek A, Obrist C, Wenzinger S, von Mandach U. The impact of cocaine and heroin on the placental transfer of methadone. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:61. [PMID: 19519880 PMCID: PMC2703629 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methadone is the therapeutic agent of choice for the treatment of opiate addiction in pregnancy. The co-consumption (heroin, cocaine) which may influence the effects of methadone is frequent. Therefore, the impact of cocaine and heroin on the placental transfer of methadone and the placental tissue was investigated under in vitro conditions. METHODS Placentae (n = 24) were ex-vivo perfused with medium (m) (control, n = 6), m plus methadone (n = 6), m plus methadone and cocaine (n = 6) or m plus methadone and heroin (n = 6). Placental functionality parameters like antipyrine permeability, glucose consumption, lactate production, hormone production (hCG and leptin), microparticles release and the expression of P-glycoprotein were analysed. RESULTS Methadone accumulated in placental tissue. Methadone alone decreased the transfer of antipyrine from 0.60 +/- 0.07 to 0.50 +/- 0.06 (fetal/maternal ratio, mean +/- SD, P < 0.01), whereas the combination with cocaine or heroin increased it (0.56 +/- 0.08 to 0.68 +/- 0.13, P = 0.03 and 0.58 +/- 0.21 to 0.71 +/- 0.24; P = 0.18). Microparticles (MPs) released from syncytiotrophoblast into maternal circuit increased by 30% after cocaine or heroin (P < 0.05) and the expression of P-glycoprotein in the tissue increased by >or= 49% after any drug (P < 0.05). All other measured parameters did not show any significant effect when methadone was combined with cocaine or heroine. CONCLUSION The combination of cocaine or heroin with methadone increase antipyrine permeability. Changes of MPs resemble findings seen in oxidative stress of syncytiotrophoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Malek
- Department of Obstetrics, Zurich University Hospital, Frauenklinikstr. 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Obrist
- Department of Obstetrics, Zurich University Hospital, Frauenklinikstr. 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvana Wenzinger
- Department of Obstetrics, Zurich University Hospital, Frauenklinikstr. 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula von Mandach
- Department of Obstetrics, Zurich University Hospital, Frauenklinikstr. 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Pap E, Pállinger E, Falus A, Kiss AA, Kittel A, Kovács P, Buzás EI. T lymphocytes are targets for platelet- and trophoblast-derived microvesicles during pregnancy. Placenta 2008; 29:826-32. [PMID: 18684502 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) can derive from several cell types and their membranes contain cell surface elements. Their role is increasingly recognized in cell-to-cell communication, as they act as both paracrine and remote messengers, occurring in circulating form as well as in plasma. Successful pregnancy requires a series of interactions between the maternal immune system and the implanted fetus, such that the semi-allograft will not be rejected. These interactions occur at the materno-placental interface and/or at a systemic level. In the present study we identified for the first time the in vivo plasma pattern of the MVs of third-trimester, healthy pregnant women, their cellular origin, and their target cells using flow cytometry and confocal laser microscopy. We searched for the cellular target molecules of thrombocyte-derived MVs with the help of neutralizing antibodies. We examined the in vitro effects of MVs on STAT3 phosphorylation of primary lymphocytes and Jurkat cells. We found that both placental trophoblast-derived and maternal thrombocyte-derived MVs bind to circulating peripheral T lymphocytes, but not to B lymphocytes or NK cells. We were able to show that the P-selectin (CD62P)-PSGL-1 (CD162) interaction is one mechanism binding platelet-derived MVs to T cells. We were also able to demonstrate that MV-lymphocyte interactions induce STAT3 phosphorylation in T cells. Our findings indicate that both thrombocyte- and trophoblast-derived MVs may play an important role in the immunomodulation of pregnancy. We suggest that the transfer of different signals via MVs represents a novel form of communication between the placenta and the maternal immune system, and that MVs contribute to the establishment of stable immune tolerance to the semi-allograft fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pap
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Nomura S, Ozaki Y, Ikeda Y. Function and role of microparticles in various clinical settings. Thromb Res 2008; 123:8-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Toth B, Lok CAR, Böing A, Diamant M, van der Post JAM, Friese K, Nieuwland R. Microparticles and exosomes: impact on normal and complicated pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2007; 58:389-402. [PMID: 17922691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells release vesicles into their environment by membrane shedding (ectosomes or microparticles) and secretion (exosomes). Microparticles and exosomes occur commonly in vitro and in vivo. The occurrence, composition and function(s) of these vesicles change during disease (progression). During the last decade, the scientific and clinical interest increased tremendously. Evidence is accumulating that microparticles and exosomes may be of pathophysiological relevance in autoimmune, cardiovascular and thromboembolic diseases, as well as inflammatory and infectious disorders. In this review, we will summarize the discovery, biology, structure and function of microparticles and exosomes, and discuss their (patho-) physiological role during normal and complicated pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Toth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
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