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Yearwood L, Bone JN, Wen Q, Muraca GM, Lyons J, Razaz N, Joseph KS, Lisonkova S. Does maternal stature modify the association between infants who are small or large for gestational age and adverse perinatal outcomes? A retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2023; 130:464-475. [PMID: 36424901 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of maternal stature on adverse birth outcomes and quantify perinatal risks associated with small- and large-for-gestational age infants (SGA and LGA, respectively) born to mothers of short, average, and tall stature. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING USA, 2016-2017. POPULATION Women with a singleton live birth (N = 7 325 741). METHODS Using data from the National Center for Health Statistics, short and tall stature were defined as <10th and >90th centile of the maternal height distribution. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and severe neonatal morbidity/mortality (SNMM). RESULTS With increased maternal height, the risk of adverse outcomes increased in SGA infants and decreased in LGA infants compared with infants appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) (p < 0.001). Infants who were SGA born to women of tall stature had the highest risk of NICU admission (aRR 1.98, 95% CI 1.91-2.05; p < 0.001), whereas LGA infants born to women of tall stature had the lowest risk (aRR 0.85, 95% CI 0.82-0.88; p < 0.001), compared with AGA infants born to women of average stature. LGA infants born to women of short stature had an increased risk of NICU admission and SNMM, compared with AGA infants born to women of average stature (aRR 1.32, 95% CI 1.27-1.38; aRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13-1.29, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Maternal height modifies the association between SGA and LGA status at birth and neonatal outcomes. This quantification of risk can assist healthcare providers in monitoring fetal growth, and optimising neonatal care and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Yearwood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey N Bone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Children's and Women's Hospital and Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Qi Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Giulia M Muraca
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janet Lyons
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neda Razaz
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K S Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Children's and Women's Hospital and Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarka Lisonkova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Children's and Women's Hospital and Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Lucotte EA, Albiñana C, Laurent R, Bhérer C, Bataillon T, Toupance B. Detection of sexually antagonistic transmission distortions in trio datasets. Evol Lett 2022; 6:203-216. [PMID: 35386833 PMCID: PMC8966469 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphisms are widespread in animals and plants, for morphological as well as physiological traits. Understanding the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism and its evolution is crucial for understanding biological differences between the sexes. Genetic variants with sex‐antagonistic effects on fitness are expected to segregate in populations at the early phases of sexual dimorphism emergence. Detecting such variants is notoriously difficult, and the few genome‐scan methods employed so far have limited power and little specificity. Here, we propose a new framework to detect a signature of sexually antagonistic (SA) selection. We rely on trio datasets where sex‐biased transmission distortions can be directly tracked from parents to offspring, and identify signals of SA transmission distortions in genomic regions. We report the genomic location of six candidate regions detected in human populations as potentially under sexually antagonist selection. We find an enrichment of genes associated with embryonic development within these regions. Last, we highlight two candidate regions for SA selection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A. Lucotte
- Bioinformatic Research Center Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Denmark
- Eco‐anthropologie (EA) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris Paris 75016 France
- Cancer Epidemiology: Gene and Environment INSERM U1018 Paris 75654 France
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution Univ. Paris‐Sud, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris‐Saclay Orsay 91400 France
| | - Clara Albiñana
- Bioinformatic Research Center Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus 8210 Denmark
| | - Romain Laurent
- Eco‐anthropologie (EA) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris Paris 75016 France
| | - Claude Bhérer
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine McGill University Montreal QC H3G 2M1 Canada
| | - Thomas Bataillon
- Bioinformatic Research Center Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Bruno Toupance
- Eco‐anthropologie (EA) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris Paris 75016 France
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Kohlmann K, Sudfeld CR, Garba S, Guindo O, Grais RF, Isanaka S. Exploring the relationships between wasting and stunting among a cohort of children under two years of age in Niger. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1713. [PMID: 34548050 PMCID: PMC8454021 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wasting and stunting, physical growth manifestations of child undernutrition, have historically been considered separately with distinct interventions at the program, policy, and financing levels despite similar risk factors, overlapping burdens and multiplicative risk of death when the conditions are concurrent. The aim of this study was to elucidate shared risk factors and the temporal relationship between wasting and stunting among children under 2 years of age in rural Niger. METHODS From August 2014 to December 2019, anthropometric data were collected every 4 weeks from 6 to 8 weeks to 24 months of age for 6567 children comprising 139,529 visits in Madarounfa, Niger. Children were defined as wasted if they had a weight-for-length Z-score < - 2 and stunted if they had a length-for-age Z-score < - 2 using the 2006 World Health Organization child growth standards. Parental, child, and socioeconomic risk factors for wasting and stunting at 6 and 24 months of age and the relationship between episodes of wasting, stunting and concurrent wasting-stunting were assessed using general estimating equations. RESULTS Half of children (50%) were female, and 8.3% were born low birthweight (< 2500 g). Overall, at 24 months of age, 14% of children were wasted, 80% were stunted and 12% were concurrently wasted-stunted. We found that maternal short stature, male sex, and low birthweight were risk factors for wasting and stunting at 6 and 24 months, whereas higher maternal body mass index and household wealth were protective factors. Wasting at 6 and 24 months was predicted by a prior episodes of wasting, stunting, and concurrent wasting-stunting. Stunting at 6 and 24 months was similarly predicted by prior episodes of stunting and concurrent wasting-stunting at any prior age but only by prior episodes of wasting after 6 months of age. CONCLUSIONS These data support a complex and dynamic bi-directional relationship between wasting and stunting in young children in rural Niger and an important burden of concurrent wasting-stunting in this setting. Further research to better understand the inter-relationships and mechanisms between these two conditions is needed in order to develop and target interventions to promote child growth. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02145000 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Kohlmann
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Christopher R Sudfeld
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sheila Isanaka
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
- Epicentre, 14-34 Avenue Jean Jaurès, 75019, Paris, France.
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4
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Current knowledge on genetic variants shaping placental transcriptome and their link to gestational and postnatal health. Placenta 2021; 116:2-11. [PMID: 33663810 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the indispensable role of the placenta in the successful course of pregnancy, regulation of its dynamic transcriptome is still underexplored. The purpose of this literature review was to give an overview and draw attention to the contribution of genetic variation in shaping the human placental gene expression. Studies of placental transcriptome shaped by chromosomal variants are limited and may be confounded by cellular mosaicism and somatic genomic rearrangements. Even in relatively simple cases, such as aneuploidies, the placental transcriptome appears to differ from the assumed systematically increased transcript levels of the involved chromosomes. Single nucleotide variants modulating placental gene expression referred to as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) have been analyzed only in ten candidate gene and three genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The latter identified 417 confident placental eGenes, supported by at least two independent studies. Functional profiling of eGenes highlighted biological pathways important in pregnancy, such as immune response or transmembrane transport activity. A fraction of placental eQTLs (1-3%) co-localize with GWAS loci for adult disorders (metabolic, immunological, neurological), suggesting a co-contributory role of the placenta in the developmental programming of health. Some placental eQTLs have been identified as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as rs4769613 (C > T), located near the FLT1 gene and confidently associated with preeclampsia. More studies are needed to map genetic variants shaping gene expression in different placental cell types across three trimesters in normal and complicated gestations and to clarify to what extent these heritable factors contribute to maternal and offspring disease risks.
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Abstract
Almost 2 billion adults in the world are overweight, and more than half of them are classified as obese, while nearly one-third of children globally experience poor growth and development. Given the vast amount of knowledge that has been gleaned from decades of research on growth and development, a number of questions remain as to why the world is now in the midst of a global epidemic of obesity accompanied by the "double burden of malnutrition," where overweight coexists with underweight and micronutrient deficiencies. This challenge to the human condition can be attributed to nutritional and environmental exposures during pregnancy that may program a fetus to have a higher risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. To explore this concept, frequently called the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), this review considers a host of factors and physiological mechanisms that drive a fetus or child toward a higher risk of obesity, fatty liver disease, hypertension, and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). To that end, this review explores the epidemiology of DOHaD with discussions focused on adaptations to human energetics, placental development, dysmetabolism, and key environmental exposures that act to promote chronic diseases in adulthood. These areas are complementary and additive in understanding how providing the best conditions for optimal growth can create the best possible conditions for lifelong health. Moreover, understanding both physiological as well as epigenetic and molecular mechanisms for DOHaD is vital to most fully address the global issues of obesity and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hoffman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Program in International Nutrition, and Center for Childhood Nutrition Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Abstract
Worldwide obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in children and adolescents, with the consequent emergence of co-morbidities. Moreover, the maternal environment during pregnancy plays an important role in obesity, contributing to transgenerational transmission of the same and metabolic dysfunction. White adipose tissue represents a prime target of metabolic programming induced by maternal milieu. In this article, we review adipose tissue physiology and development, as well as maternal influences during the perinatal period that may lead to obesity in early postnatal life and adulthood. First, we describe the adipose tissue cell composition, distribution and hormonal action, together with the evidence of hormonal factors participating in fetal/postnatal programming. Subsequently, we describe the critical periods of adipose tissue development and the relationship of gestational and early postnatal life with healthy fetal adipose tissue expansion. Furthermore, we discuss the evidence showing that adipose tissue is an important target for nutritional, hormonal and epigenetic signals to modulate fetal growth. Finally, we describe nutritional, hormonal, epigenetic and microbiome changes observed in maternal obesity, and whether their disruption alters fetal growth and adiposity. The presented evidence supports the developmental origins of health and disease concept, which proposes that the homeostatic system is affected during gestational and postnatal development, impeding the ability to regulate body weight after birth, thereby resulting in adult obesity. Consequently, we anticipate that promoting a healthy early-life programming of adipose tissue and increasing the knowledge of the mechanisms by which maternal factors affect the health of future generations may offer novel strategies for explaining and addressing worldwide health problems such as obesity.
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Kikas T, Rull K, Beaumont RN, Freathy RM, Laan M. The Effect of Genetic Variation on the Placental Transcriptome in Humans. Front Genet 2019; 10:550. [PMID: 31244887 PMCID: PMC6581026 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of genetic variants shaping human placental transcriptome is limited and they are not cataloged in the Genotype-Tissue Expression project. So far, only one whole genome analysis of placental expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) has been published by Peng et al. (2017) with no external independent validation. We report the second study on the landscape of placental eQTLs. The study aimed to generate a high-confidence list of placental cis-eQTLs and to investigate their potential functional implications. Analysis of cis-eQTLs (±100 kbp from the gene) utilized 40 placental RNA sequencing and respective whole genome genotyping datasets. The identified 199 placental cis-eSNPs represented 88 independent eQTL signals (FDR < 5%). The most significant placental eQTLs (FDR < 10-5) modulated the expression of ribosomal protein RPL9, transcription factor ZSCAN9 and aminopeptidase ERAP2. The analysis confirmed 50 eSNP-eGenes pairs reported by Peng et al. (2017) and thus, can be claimed as robust placental eQTL signals. The study identified also 13 novel placental eGenes. Among these, ZSCAN9 is modulated by several eSNPs (experimentally validated: rs1150707) that have been also shown to affect the methylation level of genes variably escaping X-chromosomal inactivation. The identified 63 placental eGenes exhibited mostly mixed or ubiquitous expression. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted 35 Gene Ontology categories with the top ranking pathways "ruffle membrane" (FDR = 1.81 × 10-2) contributing to the formation of motile cell surface and "ATPase activity, coupled" (FDR = 2.88 × 10-2), critical for the membrane transport. Placental eGenes were also significantly enriched in pathways implicated in development, signaling and immune function. However, this study was not able to confirm a significant overrepresentation of genome-wide association studies top hits among the placental eSNP and eGenes, reported by Peng et al. (2017). The identified eSNPs were further analyzed in association with newborn and pregnancy traits. In the discovery step, a suggestive association was detected between the eQTL of ALPG (rs11678251) and reduced placental, newborn's and infant's weight. Meta-analysis across REPROMETA, HAPPY PREGNANCY, ALSPAC cohorts (n = 6830) did not replicate these findings. In summary, the study emphasizes the role of genetic variation in driving the transcriptome profile of the human placenta and the importance to explore further its functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triin Kikas
- Human Genetics Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristiina Rull
- Human Genetics Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Women’s Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Robin N. Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M. Freathy
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Maris Laan
- Human Genetics Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Khanam R, Lee AC, Mitra DK, Ram M, Das Gupta S, Quaiyum A, Choudhury A, Christian P, Mullany LC, Baqui AH. Maternal short stature and under-weight status are independent risk factors for preterm birth and small for gestational age in rural Bangladesh. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:733-742. [PMID: 29934512 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To estimate the risks of term-small for gestational age (SGA), preterm-appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and preterm SGA associated with maternal height and body mass index (BMI) and to calculate the population attributable fractions (PAF) of term SGA, preterm AGA, and preterm SGA associated with maternal short stature. SUBJECTS/METHODS A population-based cohort of 13,230 women with pre-pregnancy height and weight followed from 2012 to 2016 in Sylhet, Bangladesh. We analyzed data of 2655 singleton live born infants. The babies born <37 weeks of gestation were considered preterm and weight <10th percentile of Intergrowth sex-specific gestational age were considered SGA. Risk factors for term SGA, preterm AGA, and preterm SGA were examined using multinomial logistic regression that estimated relative risk ratios (RRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Maternal short stature <145 cm was significantly associated with term SGA (RRR 1.88, 95% CI 1.37, 2.58; p < 0.001), preterm AGA (RRR 1.45, 95% CI 1.02, 2.05; p < 0.05), and preterm SGA (RRR 14.40, 95% CI 1.82, 113.85; p < 0.05). Maternal underweight status (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) was significant predictor of term SGA (RRR 1.32, 95% CI 1.10, 1.59; p < 0.01), and preterm AGA (RRR 1.39, 95% CI 1.12, 1.71; p < 0.01). PAF for maternal short stature were 23.2, 7.3, and 73.9% for term SGA, preterm AGA, and preterm SGA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS To address the problem of undernutrition, Bangladesh needs to strengthen implementation of its multi-sectoral nutrition program comprising nutrition specific and sensitive interventions. Implementation of the program with high coverage and quality would improve maternal nutrition and perinatal outcomes including preterm births and SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheda Khanam
- Department of International Health, International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Anne Cc Lee
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Malathi Ram
- Department of International Health, International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sushil Das Gupta
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Quaiyum
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Allysha Choudhury
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Luke C Mullany
- Department of International Health, International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Abdullah H Baqui
- Department of International Health, International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Van Leeuw V, Leroy C, Englert Y, Zhang WH. Effect of maternal origin on the association between maternal height and risk of preterm birth in Belgium: a retrospective observational cohort study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020449. [PMID: 29622576 PMCID: PMC5892759 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of maternal origin on the association between maternal height and the risk of preterm birth (PTB). DESIGN Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING Two of the three Belgian regions, including Brussels-Capital and Walloon regions. PARTICIPANTS A total of 245 204 women spontaneously delivered live singletons between 2009 and 2013. Maternal nationality at the time of birth included Belgium, Congo, French, Italy, Morocco, Poland, Romania and Turkey. OUTCOMES MEASURES The outcome variable was spontaneous PTB, defined as childbirth occurring at less than 37 weeks' gestation. RESULTS Average height, demographic characteristics and the spontaneous PTB rate differed according to maternal origin, defined as maternal nationality at birth. The pattern of association between maternal height and the risk of PTB was not uniform by maternal nationality at birth. The low maternal height category was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of spontaneous PTB for Belgian (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.32), Italian (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.96) and Polish (aOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.78), respectively. However, this association was not observed for the women from Congo, France, Morocco, Romania and Turkey. CONCLUSIONS The association between height and the risk of PTB was modified by maternal nationality, even for mothers from the same region of the world. For example, there was a significant inverse association for the Belgians and Italians but not for French women. Our data suggest that PTB risk assessment should take into account the specific height of maternal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Van Leeuw
- Perinatal Epidemiology Center (CEpiP), Non-profit Organisation, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Leroy
- Perinatal Epidemiology Center (CEpiP), Non-profit Organisation, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Yvon Englert
- Perinatal Epidemiology Center (CEpiP), Non-profit Organisation, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Research Laboratory for Human Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- Perinatal Epidemiology Center (CEpiP), Non-profit Organisation, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Research Laboratory for Human Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
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10
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Katz J, Lee ACC, Vogel JP, Silveira MF, Sania A, Stevens GA, Cousens S, Caulfield LE, Christian P, Huybregts L, Roberfroid D, Schmiegelow C, Adair LS, Barros FC, Cowan M, Fawzi W, Kolsteren P, Merialdi M, Mongkolchati A, Saville N, Victora CG, Bhutta ZA, Blencowe H, Ezzati M, Lawn JE, Black RE. Short Maternal Stature Increases Risk of Small-for-Gestational-Age and Preterm Births in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis and Population Attributable Fraction. J Nutr 2015; 145:2542-50. [PMID: 26423738 PMCID: PMC6457093 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.216374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and preterm births are associated with adverse health consequences, including neonatal and infant mortality, childhood undernutrition, and adulthood chronic disease. OBJECTIVES The specific aims of this study were to estimate the association between short maternal stature and outcomes of SGA alone, preterm birth alone, or both, and to calculate the population attributable fraction of SGA and preterm birth associated with short maternal stature. METHODS We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis with the use of data sets from 12 population-based cohort studies and the WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health (13 of 24 available data sets used) from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We included those with weight taken within 72 h of birth, gestational age, and maternal height data (n = 177,000). For each of these studies, we individually calculated RRs between height exposure categories of < 145 cm, 145 to < 150 cm, and 150 to < 155 cm (reference: ≥ 155 cm) and outcomes of SGA, preterm birth, and their combination categories. SGA was defined with the use of both the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century (INTERGROWTH-21st) birth weight standard and the 1991 US birth weight reference. The associations were then meta-analyzed. RESULTS All short stature categories were statistically significantly associated with term SGA, preterm appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA), and preterm SGA births (reference: term AGA). When using the INTERGROWTH-21st standard to define SGA, women < 145 cm had the highest adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) (term SGA-aRR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.76, 2.35; preterm AGA-aRR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.66; preterm SGA-aRR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.42, 3.21). Similar associations were seen for SGA defined by the US reference. Annually, 5.5 million term SGA (18.6% of the global total), 550,800 preterm AGA (5.0% of the global total), and 458,000 preterm SGA (16.5% of the global total) births may be associated with maternal short stature. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 6.5 million SGA and/or preterm births in LMIC may be associated with short maternal stature annually. A reduction in this burden requires primary prevention of SGA, improvement in postnatal growth through early childhood, and possibly further intervention in late childhood and adolescence. It is vital for researchers to broaden the evidence base for addressing chronic malnutrition through multiple life stages, and for program implementers to explore effective, sustainable ways of reaching the most vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD;
| | - Anne C C Lee
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua P Vogel
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; UN Development Programme/UN Population Fund/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research
| | - Mariangela F Silveira
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Laura E Caulfield
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Parul Christian
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lieven Huybregts
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Poverty, Nutrition and Health Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Dominique Roberfroid
- Woman and Child Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Christentze Schmiegelow
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda S Adair
- University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fernando C Barros
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Melanie Cowan
- Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases Department, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wafaie Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Department of Nutrition, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick Kolsteren
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Woman and Child Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Mario Merialdi
- UN Development Programme/UN Population Fund/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ
| | - Aroonsri Mongkolchati
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Naomi Saville
- Institute for Global Health, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Mother and Infant Research Activities, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Cesar G Victora
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Center for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hannah Blencowe
- Maternal Reproductive and Child Health Center, and Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Majid Ezzati
- Medical Research Council - Public Health England (MRC-PHE) Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joy E Lawn
- Maternal Reproductive and Child Health Center, and Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children USA, Washington, DC; and Research and Evidence Division, UK Aid, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E Black
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Oberbauer AM. Developmental programming: the role of growth hormone. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015; 6:8. [PMID: 25774292 PMCID: PMC4358872 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-015-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental programming of the fetus has consequences for physiologic responses in the offspring as an adult and, more recently, is implicated in the expression of altered phenotypes of future generations. Some phenotypes, such as fertility, bone strength, and adiposity are highly relevant to food animal production and in utero factors that impinge on those traits are vital to understand. A key systemic regulatory hormone is growth hormone (GH), which has a developmental role in virtually all tissues and organs. This review catalogs the impact of GH on tissue programming and how perturbations early in development influence GH function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M Oberbauer
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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