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Onori M, Franco R, Lucchetti D, Tartaglia S, Buongiorno S, Beneduce G, Sannino F, Baroni S, Urbani A, Lanzone A, Scambia G, Di Simone N, Tersigni C. Association between Plasma HLA-DR+ Placental Vesicles and Preeclampsia: A Pilot Longitudinal Cohort Study. Cells 2024; 13:196. [PMID: 38275821 PMCID: PMC10814451 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Preeclampsia (PE) usually presents with hypertension and proteinuria, related to poor placentation. Reduced maternal-fetal immunological tolerance is a possible trigger of inadequate placentation. Aberrant antigen expression of HLA-DR has been observed in the syncytiotrophoblast of PE patients. In this study, we analyzed plasma levels of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DR+ syncytiotrophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles (STEVs) during the three trimesters of pregnancy in relation to PE onset. (2) Methods: Pregnant women underwent venous blood sampling during the three trimesters. STEVs were collected from plasma via ultracentrifugation (120,000 g) and characterized by Western blot, nanotracking analysis and flow cytometry for the expression of Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP), a placental-derived marker, and HLA-DR. (3) Results: Out of 107 women recruited, 10 developed PE. STEVs were detected in all three trimesters of pregnancy with a zenith in the second trimester. A significant difference was found between the non-PE and PE groups in terms of plasma levels of HLA-DR+ STEVs during all three trimesters of pregnancy. (4) Conclusions: More research is needed to investigate HLA-DR+ as a potential early marker of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Onori
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.O.); (R.F.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Rita Franco
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.O.); (R.F.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Donatella Lucchetti
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.O.); (R.F.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Silvio Tartaglia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Silvia Buongiorno
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Giuliana Beneduce
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.O.); (R.F.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Fabio Sannino
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.O.); (R.F.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Silvia Baroni
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.O.); (R.F.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.O.); (R.F.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Antonio Lanzone
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.O.); (R.F.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.O.); (R.F.); (D.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tersigni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.); (C.T.)
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Palalioglu RM, Erbiyik HI. Evaluation of maternal serum SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, RBP4 and PP13 levels in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2183472. [PMID: 36822662 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2183472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate whether Serpin clade C (SERPINC1), E-selectin, P-selectin, Placental protein 13 (PP13), and Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4) levels in maternal serum were associated with the presence of preeclampsia and to compare them with uncomplicated pregnancies. METHODS This prospective study included 40 women with preeclampsia and 40 healthy pregnant women. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure serum SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, PP13, and RBP4 levels. RESULTS The preeclampsia group had significantly higher E-selectin and P-selectin levels than the control group. PP13 and SERPINC1 levels were also significantly lower than the control group. There was no significant difference in RBP4 levels. The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed the best cutoff values for the following: E-selectin >19.2 ng/mL, with 87.5% sensitivity and 95% specificity; P-selectin >5.1 ng/mL, with 97.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity; PP13 ≤ 107.03 pg/mL, with 72.5% sensitivity and 77.5% specificity; and SERPINC1 ≤ 87.76 ng/mL, with 100% sensitivity and 97.5% specificity. CONCLUSION In this study, the endothelial dysfunction parameters SERPINC1, PP13, E-selectin, and P-selectin were found to be associated with preeclampsia. Endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in maternal non-serum body fluids may differ. More research is needed, especially to determine the relationship between SERPINC1 and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Merve Palalioglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Erbiyik
- Operation Room Services, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Dr. Moral Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Kazatsker MM, Sharabi-Nov A, Meiri H, Sammour R, Sammar M. Augmented Placental Protein 13 in Placental-Associated Extracellular Vesicles in Term and Preterm Preeclampsia Is Further Elevated by Corticosteroids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12051. [PMID: 37569423 PMCID: PMC10419231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental protein 13 (PP13) is a regulatory protein involved in remodeling the vascular system of the pregnancy and extending the immune tolerance of the mother to the growing fetus. PP13 is localized on the surface of the syncytiotrophoblast. An ex vivo placental model shows that the PP13 is released via placental-associated extracellular vesicles (PEVs) to the maternal uterine vein. This exploratory study aimed to determine PEV-associated PP13 in the maternal circulation as compared to the known soluble fraction since each has a specific communication pathway. Patients admitted to Bnai Zion Medical Center for delivery were recruited, and included 19 preeclampsia (PE) patients (7 preterm PE gestational age < 37 weeks' gestation), 16 preterm delivery (PTD, delivery at GA < 37 weeks' gestation), and 15 matched term delivery controls. Treatment by corticosteroids (Celestone), which is often given to patients with suspected preterm PE and PTD, was recorded. The PEV proteome was purified from the patients' plasma by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to separate the soluble and PEV-associated PP13. The total level of PP13 (soluble and PEV-associated) was determined using mild detergent that depleted the PEV proteome. PP13 fractions were determined by ELISA with PP13 specific antibodies. ELISA with alkaline phosphatase (PLAP)- and cluster differentiation 63 (CD63)-specific antibodies served to verify the placental origin of the PEVs. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. The patients' medical, pregnancy, and delivery records in all groups were similar except, as expected, that a larger number of PE and PTD patients had smaller babies who were delivered earlier, and the PE patients had hypertension and proteinuria. The SEC analysis detected the presence of PP13 in the cargo of the PEVs and on their surface, in addition to the known soluble fraction. The median soluble PP13 was not significantly different across the PE, PTD, and term delivery control groups. However, after depleting the PEV of their proteome, the total PP13 (soluble and PEV-associated) was augmented in the cases of preterm PE, reaching 2153 pg/mL [IQR 1866-2838] but not in cases of PTD reaching 1576 pg/mL [1011-2014] or term delivery groups reaching 964 pg/mL [875-1636]), p < 0.01. On the surface of the circulating PEV from PTD patients, there was a decrease in PP13. Corticosteroid treatment was accompanied by a massive depletion of PP13 from the PEV, especially in preterm PE patients. This exploratory study is, thus, the first to determine PEV-associated PP13 in maternal circulation, providing a quantitative determination of the soluble and the PEV-associated fractions, and it shows that the latter is the larger. We found an increase in the amount of PP13 carried via the PEV-associated pathway in PE and PTD patients compared to term delivery cases, which was further augmented when the patients were treated with corticosteroids, especially in preterm PE. The signal conveyed by this novel communication pathway warrants further research to investigate these two differential pathways for the liberation of PP13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Marks Kazatsker
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai-Zion University Medical Center, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (M.M.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Adi Sharabi-Nov
- Department of Statistics, Tel Hai Academic College, Tel Hai 122103, Israel;
- Department of Statistics, Ziv Medical Center, Safed 131000, Israel
| | - Hamutal Meiri
- Hy-Laboratories Ltd., Rehovot 7670606, Israel;
- TeleMarpe Ltd., 21 Beit El St., Tel Aviv 6908742, Israel
| | - Rami Sammour
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai-Zion University Medical Center, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (M.M.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Marei Sammar
- Prof. Ephraim Katzir Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude Academic College of Engineering, 51 Snunit St., Karmiel 2161002, Israel
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4
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Roles of N-linked glycosylation and glycan-binding proteins in placentation: trophoblast infiltration, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and pathophysiology. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:639-653. [PMID: 36929183 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein N-linked glycosylation is a structurally diverse post-translational modification that stores biological information in a larger order of magnitude than other post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and acetylation. This gives N-glycosylated proteins a diverse range of properties and allows glyco-codes (glycan-related information) to be deciphered by glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). The intervillous space of the placenta is richly populated with membrane-bound and secreted glycoproteins. Evidence exists to suggest that altering the structural nature of their N-glycans can impact several trophoblast functions, which include those related to interactions with decidual cells. This review summarizes trophoblast-related activities influenced by N-glycan-GBP recognition, exploring how different subtypes of trophoblasts actively adapt to characteristics of the decidualized endometrium through cell-specific expression of N-glycosylated proteins, and how these cells receive decidua-derived signals via N-glycan-GBP interactions. We highlight work on how changes in N-glycosylation relates to the success of trophoblast infiltration, interactions of immunomodulators, and uterine angiogenesis. We also discuss studies that suggest aberrant N-glycosylation of trophoblasts may contribute to the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications (e.g. pre-eclampsia, early spontaneous miscarriages and hydatidiform mole). We propose that a more in-depth understanding of how N-glycosylation shapes trophoblast phenotype during early pregnancy has the potential to improve our approach to predicting, diagnosing and alleviating poor maternal/fetal outcomes associated with placental dysfunction.
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Gonzalez Fernandez J, Moncayo Arlandi J, Ochando A, Simon C, Vilella F. The role of extracellular vesicles in intercellular communication in human reproduction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:281-301. [PMID: 36762584 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Embryo-maternal cross-talk has emerged as a vitally important process for embryo development and implantation, which is driven by secreted factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The EV cargo of bioactive molecules significantly influences target cells and primes them for critical stages of reproductive biology, including embryo development, adhesion, and implantation. Recent research has suggested that EVs and their cargo represent a powerful non-invasive tool that can be leveraged to assess embryo and maternal tissue quality during assisted reproduction treatments. Here, we review the current scientific literature regarding the intercellular cross-talk between embryos and maternal tissues from fertilization to implantation, focusing on human biology and signaling mechanisms identified in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gonzalez Fernandez
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Moncayo Arlandi
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Ochando
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Simon
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Felipe Vilella
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Oravecz O, Romero R, Tóth E, Kapitány J, Posta M, Gallo DM, Rossi SW, Tarca AL, Erez O, Papp Z, Matkó J, Than NG, Balogh A. Placental galectins regulate innate and adaptive immune responses in pregnancy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1088024. [PMID: 36643922 PMCID: PMC9832025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1088024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Galectins are master regulators of maternal immune responses and placentation in pregnancy. Galectin-13 (gal-13) and galectin-14 (gal-14) are expressed solely by the placenta and contribute to maternal-fetal immune tolerance by inducing the apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes and the polarization of neutrophils toward an immune-regulatory phenotype.Furthermore, their decreased placental expression is associated with pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and miscarriage. Yet, our knowledge of the immunoregulatory role of placental galectins is incomplete. Methods This study aimed to investigate the effects of recombinant gal-13 and gal-14 on cell viability, apoptosis, and cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the signaling pathways involved. Results Herein, we show that gal-13 and gal-14 bind to the surface of non-activated PBMCs (monocytes, natural killer cells, B cells, and T cells) and increase their viability while decreasing the rate of their apoptosis without promoting cell proliferation. We also demonstrate that gal-13 and gal-14 induce the production of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, and interferon-gamma cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner in PBMCs. The parallel activation of Erk1/2, p38, and NF-ĸB signaling evidenced by kinase phosphorylation in PBMCs suggests the involvement of these pathways in the regulation of the galectin-affected immune cell functions. Discussion These findings provide further evidence on how placenta-specific galectins assist in the establishment and maintenance of a proper immune environment during a healthy pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Oravecz
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary,Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, United States,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Eszter Tóth
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Kapitány
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Posta
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary,Károly Rácz Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dahiana M. Gallo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, United States,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, United States,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,Genesis Theranostix Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, United States,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,Genesis Theranostix Group, Budapest, Hungary,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Matkó
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nándor Gábor Than
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary,Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, United States,Genesis Theranostix Group, Budapest, Hungary,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Budapest, Hungary,*Correspondence: Nándor Gábor Than,
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Preeclampsia and syncytiotrophoblast membrane extracellular vesicles (STB-EVs). Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1793-1807. [PMID: 36511102 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive complication of pregnancy that affects 2-8% of women worldwide and is one of the leading causes of maternal deaths and premature birth. PE can occur early in pregnancy (<34 weeks gestation) or late in pregnancy (>34 weeks gestation). Whilst the placenta is clearly implicated in early onset PE (EOPE), late onset PE (LOPE) is less clear with some believing the disease is entirely maternal whilst others believe that there is an interplay between maternal systems and the placenta. In both types of PE, the syncytiotrophoblast (STB), the layer of the placenta in direct contact with maternal blood, is stressed. In EOPE, the STB is oxidatively stressed in early pregnancy (leading to PE later in gestation- the two-stage model) whilst in LOPE the STB is stressed because of villous overcrowding and senescence later in pregnancy. It is this stress that perturbs maternal systems leading to the clinical manifestations of PE. Whilst some of the molecular species driving this stress have been identified, none completely explain the multisystem nature of PE. Syncytiotrophoblast membrane vesicles (STB-EVs) are a potential contributor to this multisystem disorder. STB-EVs are released into the maternal circulation in increasing amounts with advancing gestational age, and this release is further exacerbated with stress. There are good in vitro evidence that STB-EVs are taken up by macrophages and liver cells with additional evidence supporting endothelial cell uptake. STB-EV targeting remains in the early stages of discovery. In this review, we highlight the role of STB-EVs in PE. In relation to current research, we discuss different protocols for ex vivo isolation of STB-EVs, as well as specific issues involving tissue preparation, isolation (some of which may be unique to STB-EVs), and methods for their analysis. We suggest potential solutions for these challenges.
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8
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Calis P, Vojtech L, Hladik F, Gravett MG. A review of ex vivo placental perfusion models: an underutilized but promising method to study maternal-fetal interactions. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:8823-8835. [PMID: 34818981 PMCID: PMC9126998 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.2005565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Studying the placenta can provide information about the mechanistic pathways of pregnancy disease. However, analyzing placental tissues and manipulating placental function in real-time during pregnancy is not feasible. The ex vivo placental perfusion model allows observing important aspects of the physiology and pathology of the placenta, while maintaining its viability and functional integrity, and without causing harm to mother or fetus. In this review, we describe and compare setups for this technically complex model and summarize outcomes from various published studies. We hope that our review will encourage wider use of ex vivo placental perfusion, which in turn would generate more knowledge to improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Calis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lucia Vojtech
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Florian Hladik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael G. Gravett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, García-Montero C, Paradela A, Asunción Sánchez-Gil M, Rodriguez-Martin S, De León-Luis JA, Pereda-Cerquella C, Bujan J, Guijarro LG, Alvarez-Mon M, García-Honduvilla N. Unfolding the role of placental-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pregnancy: From homeostasis to pathophysiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1060850. [PMID: 36478738 PMCID: PMC9720121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human placenta is a critical structure with multiple roles in pregnancy, including fetal nutrition and support, immunological, mechanical and chemical barrier as well as an endocrine activity. Besides, a growing body of evidence highlight the relevance of this organ on the maternofetal wellbeing not only during gestation, but also from birth onwards. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex macromolecular structures of different size and content, acting as carriers of a diverse set of molecules and information from donor to recipient cells. Since its early development, the production and function of placental-derived EVs are essential to ensure an adequate progress of pregnancy. In turn, the fetus receives and produce their own EVs, highlighting the importance of these components in the maternofetal communication. Moreover, several studies have shown the clinical relevance of EVs in different obstetric pathologies such as preeclampsia, infectious diseases or gestational diabetes, among others, suggesting that they could be used as pathophysiological biomarkers of these diseases. Overall, the aim of this article is to present an updated review of the published basic and translational knowledge focusing on the role of placental-derived EVs in normal and pathological pregnancies. We suggest as well future lines of research to take in this novel and promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Asunción Sánchez-Gil
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- University Defense Center of Madrid (CUD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Rodriguez-Martin
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan A. De León-Luis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Ma-drid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claude Pereda-Cerquella
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en El Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en El Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- University Defense Center of Madrid (CUD), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Shen Y, You Y, Zhu K, Fang C, Chang D, Yu X. Exosomes in the f ield of reproduction: A scientometric study and visualization analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1001652. [PMID: 36210808 PMCID: PMC9537691 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1001652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The diagnostic capabilities of exosomes in the field of reproductive biomedicine have attracted much attention. The aim of this scientometric study was to statistically and qualitatively assess the knowledge structure, hot issues, and research trends of papers about exosomes in the field of reproduction using visualization methods.Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection was searched for studies on exosomes in the field of reproduction. We performed bibliometric and visual analyses using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Microsoft Excel.Results: After database search, 1,011 articles were included, with number of studies being published every year continually increasing. These publications came from 61 nations or regions, with the US having the highest number. The University of Queensland was the main institution in which the research was conducted. The journal Placenta contained the highest number studies. There were 5,247 authors in total. Carlos Salomon had the highest number of papers with co-citations. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles, pregnancy, microRNAs, preeclampsia, placenta, microvesicles, gene expression, biomarkers, and first trimester were the most frequently used terms.Conclusion: Exosome research is booming in reproductive biomedicine. Future studies will likely focus on exosomes as biomarkers in gamete formation and fertilization, pregnancy, and cancers associated with reproduction. In addition to focusing on fundamental research, we should concentrate on the application of the results and the investigation of exosomes in infertile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Shen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaodong You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Fang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Degui Chang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xujun Yu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xujun Yu,
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11
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The theranostic roles of extracellular vesicles in pregnancy disorders. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.37.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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12
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Menkhorst E, Than NG, Jeschke U, Barrientos G, Szereday L, Dveksler G, Blois SM. Medawar's PostEra: Galectins Emerged as Key Players During Fetal-Maternal Glycoimmune Adaptation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:784473. [PMID: 34975875 PMCID: PMC8715898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin-glycan interactions, in particular those mediated by the galectin family, regulate many processes required for a successful pregnancy. Over the past decades, increasing evidence gathered from in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that members of the galectin family specifically bind to both intracellular and membrane bound carbohydrate ligands regulating angiogenesis, immune-cell adaptations required to tolerate the fetal semi-allograft and mammalian embryogenesis. Therefore, galectins play important roles in fetal development and placentation contributing to maternal and fetal health. This review discusses the expression and role of galectins during the course of pregnancy, with an emphasis on maternal immune adaptions and galectin-glycan interactions uncovered in the recent years. In addition, we summarize the galectin fingerprints associated with pathological gestation with particular focus on preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Menkhorst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Gynaecological Research Centre, The Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enyzmology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laszlo Szereday
- Medical School, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Bhagirath AY, Medapati MR, de Jesus VC, Yadav S, Hinton M, Dakshinamurti S, Atukorallaya D. Role of Maternal Infections and Inflammatory Responses on Craniofacial Development. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2021; 2:735634. [PMID: 35048051 PMCID: PMC8757860 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.735634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a tightly regulated immunological state. Mild environmental perturbations can affect the developing fetus significantly. Infections can elicit severe immunological cascades in the mother's body as well as the developing fetus. Maternal infections and resulting inflammatory responses can mediate epigenetic changes in the fetal genome, depending on the developmental stage. The craniofacial development begins at the early stages of embryogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the immunology of pregnancy and its responsive mechanisms on maternal infections. Further, we will also discuss the epigenetic effects of pathogens, their metabolites and resulting inflammatory responses on the fetus with a special focus on craniofacial development. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of infections and dysregulated inflammatory responses during prenatal development could provide better insights into the origins of craniofacial birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Y. Bhagirath
- Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Manoj Reddy Medapati
- Biology of Breathing, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vivianne Cruz de Jesus
- Biology of Breathing, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sneha Yadav
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Martha Hinton
- Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shyamala Dakshinamurti
- Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Devi Atukorallaya
- Biology of Breathing, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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14
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Gao X, Shao L, Ge X, Zhang L, Chen D, He R. The Potential Role of Serum Exosomes in Preeclampsia. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 21:352-356. [PMID: 32484101 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200525152441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy-specific disease that affects about 5%-8% of pregnant women and is the main reason for the increase in maternal and perinatal mortality. Due to unknown etiology, preeclampsia is still the main cause of increased mortality in maternal and perinatal infants, which is mainly manifested by new hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy. As the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, early diagnosis and full treatment are lacking. Exosomes secreted from the placenta to the peripheral circulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and can be detected from the plasma of pregnant women after 6 weeks of pregnancy. Related studies have shown that the levels of exosomes in preeclampsia have changed, and the protein and miRNA expression profiles are also different. Therefore, monitoring changes in plasma exosomes and expression profiles may provide new ideas and new perspectives for the prediction, diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lulu Shao
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinying Ge
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dexin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital of Xian, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rongxia He
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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15
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Şahin B, Turhan U, Şahin B, Dağ İ, Tinelli A. Maternal Serum Placental Protein-13 Levels in the Prediction of Pregnancies with Abnormal Invasive Placentation. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2021; 225:232-237. [PMID: 33951735 DOI: 10.1055/a-1475-5413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether placental protein-13 (PP-13) measured in the serum of pregnant women could predict abnormal invasive placentation (AIP) detected by color Doppler ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging scan in addition to the routine US scan during the third trimester. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prospective case-control study included patients subdivided in 2 groups: 42 pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy at 28-32 weeks of gestation with only suspected AIP, and 32 healthy pregnant women. The serum PP-13 levels were measured in both groups using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and statistically compared. The cases of AIP were confirmed by placental histopathological examination and/or the uterus removed by hysterectomy after elective caesarean section. RESULTS Serum PP-13 levels of pregnant women with AIP were significantly higher (p<0.001) than those of controls (650.32±387.33 vs. 231.43±94.33). Statistical analysis of maternal serum PP-13 levels above the threshold of 312 pg/ml (measured in the early third trimester) predicted AIP with 76.2% sensitivity and 75% specificity. CONCLUSION Maternal serum PP-13 may have a role in the pathophysiology of AIP owing to its high serum value in the AIP group. The maternal serum dosage of PP-13 levels could improve pregnancy management in those patients suspected of having AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banuhan Şahin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Uğur Turhan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Private Perinatology Clinic, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Buğra Şahin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Turhal State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | - İsmail Dağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Eyüp State Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Andrea Tinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Veris delli Ponti Hospital, Scorrano, Lecce, Italy, Lecce, Italy
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16
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Syncytiotrophoblast Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to Preeclampsia. MATERNAL-FETAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/fm9.0000000000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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17
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Wang Z, Zhao G, Zeng M, Feng W, Liu J. Overview of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:32-39. [PMID: 33778844 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal and fetal-neonatal deaths, and its pathogenesis has been linked to the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are a heterogeneous group of cell-originated membranous vesicles including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs transport various bioactive cargos such as lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids, and thus mediate cellular communication and contribute to the proper functioning of cells, organs and processes, including normal pregnancy. Numerous studies have reported that EVs are associated with abnormal levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), soluble endoglin (sEng), and placental growth factor (PlGF) in PE. EVs isolated from preeclamptic women have been implicated in trophoblast dysfunction and have been reported to activate endothelium, monocytes, and platelets, and to be involved in defective placentation, imbalanced angiogenesis, and intravascular inflammation. When injected into pregnant rodents, these EVs induced hypertension, proteinuria, and adverse fetal outcomes. Deciphering the contribution of EVs to PE will advance our current understanding of this disorder and may lead to more clinical strategies for the management of PE. Of note, the composition of EV cargos may be characteristic of the status and stages of gestation, providing researchers the possibility of one day using EVs as novel, noninvasive, biomarkers for early screening of PE. Herein, we reviewed the latest research into EVs with emphasis on their role in the pathogenesis of PE and their applications as biomarkers in the early screening of this pregnancy-specific disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gongxiao Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiyi Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinjun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Kupper N, Huppertz B. The endogenous exposome of the pregnant mother: Placental extracellular vesicles and their effect on the maternal system. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 87:100955. [PMID: 33612320 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, there is an intense crosstalk between mother and placenta. During the entire time of pregnancy, the maternal system deals with a huge amount of foreign (fetal) material released from the placenta, which can be referred to as placental exposome. Besides the release of hormones and growth factors, the placenta releases a variety of extracellular vesicles into maternal blood. These vesicles contain specific molecules including proteins, lipids, DNA as well as miRNA, all of which may have specific sites and modes of action on maternal cells. During normal pregnancy, the fine-tuning of factors and vesicles helps maintaining a viable and healthy pregnancy. However, in pregnancy pathologies such as preeclampsia, quantity and quality of the placenta-derived vesicles are altered leading to a deleterious effect on the maternal vascular system. This review focuses on the different types of placenta-derived extracellular vesicles in pregnancy with special emphasis on the interplay between these placental vesicles and the maternal system. Additionally, it displays new techniques and ideas for the analysis of the placental exposome with placental extracellular vesicles as a key aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Kupper
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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19
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Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with long-term morbidity in mothers and lifelong morbidities for their children, ranging from cerebral palsy and cognitive delay in preterm infants, to hypertension, diabetes and obesity in adolescents and young adults. There are several processes that are critical for development of materno-fetal exchange, including establishing adequate perfusion of the placenta by maternal blood, and the formation of the placental villous vascular tree. Recent studies provide persuasive evidence that placenta-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a significant intercellular communication pathway, and that they may play an important role in placental and endothelial cell (both fetal and maternal) function. These functions are known to be altered in PE. EVs can carry and transport a wide range of bioactive molescules that have potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery tools for PE. EV content is often parent cell specific, thus providing an insight or "thumbprint" of the intracellular environment of the originating cell (e.g., human placenta). EV have been identified in plasma under both normal and pathological conditions, including PE. The concentration of EVs and their content in plasma has been reported to increase in association with disease severity and/or progression. Placenta-derived EVs have been identified in maternal plasma during normal pregnancy and PE pregnancies. They contain placenta-specific proteins and miRNAs and, as such, may be differentiated from maternally-derived EVs. The aim of this review, thus, is to describe the potential roles of EVs in preecmpatic pregnancies, focussing on EVs secreted from placental cells. The biogenesis, specificity of placental EVs, and methods used to characterise EVs in the context of PE pregnancies will be also discussed.
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20
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Zabel RR, Bär C, Ji J, Schultz R, Hammer M, Groten T, Schleussner E, Morales-Prieto DM, Markert UR, Favaro RR. Enrichment and characterization of extracellular vesicles from ex vivo one-sided human placenta perfusion. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 86:e13377. [PMID: 33175429 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by the placenta are packed with biological information and play a major role in fetomaternal communication. Here, we describe a comprehensive set-up for the enrichment and characterization of EVs from human placenta perfusion and their application in further assays. METHOD OF STUDY Human term placentas were used for 3 h ex vivo one-sided perfusions to simulate the intervillous circulation. Thereafter, populations of small (sEVs) and large EV (lEVs) were enriched from placental perfusate via serial ultracentrifugation. Following, EV populations were characterized regarding their size, protein concentration, RNA levels, expression of surface markers as well as their uptake and miRNA transfer to recipient cells. RESULTS The sEV and lEV fractions from an entire perfusate yielded, respectively, 294 ± 32 µg and 525 ± 96 µg of protein equivalents and 2.6 ± 0.5 µg and 3.6 ± 0.9 µg of RNA. The sEV fraction had a mean diameter of 117 ± 47 nm, and the lEV fraction presented 236 ± 54 nm. CD63 was strongly detected by dot blot in sEVs, whereas only traces of this marker were found in lEVs. Both EV fractions were positive for the trophoblast marker PLAP (placental alkaline phosphatase) and annexin A1. EV internalization in immune cells was visualized by confocal microscopy, and the transfer of placental miRNAs was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). CONCLUSIONS Enriched EV populations showed characteristic features of sEVs and lEVs. EV uptake and transfer of miRNAs to recipient cells demonstrated their functional integrity. Therefore, we advocate the ex vivo one-sided placenta perfusion as a robust approach for the collection of placental EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Zabel
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christin Bär
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jinlu Ji
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Rowena Schultz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Hammer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Groten
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Udo R Markert
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Rodolfo R Favaro
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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21
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Menon R, Shahin H. Extracellular vesicles in spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 85:e13353. [PMID: 32975858 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Feto-maternal communication helps to maintain pregnancy and contributes to parturition at term and preterm. Endocrine and immune factor are well-reported communication mediators. Recent advances in extracellular vesicle (EV) biology have introduced them as major communication channels between the mother and fetus. EVs are round structures with a lipid bilayer membrane. EVs are generally categorized based on their size and mode of biogenesis. The most commonly reported EVs are exosomes with a size range of 30-160 nm that are formed inside the intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular body. Microvesicles (MVs) are larger than > 200 nm and formed by outward budding of plasma membrane. Vesicles are released from all cells and carry various factors that reflect the physiologic state of cell at the time of their release. Analysis of vesicle provides a snapshot of origin cell. Recent studies in perinatal medicine have shown that exosomes are key communicators between feto-maternal units, and they can cross placenta. Fetal-derived exosomes released under term labor-associated conditions can cause parturition-associated changes in maternal uterine tissues. Exosomes carrying inflammatory cargo can cause preterm birth in animal models suggesting their functional role in parturition. A few reports have profiled differences between exosome cargos from term and preterm pregnancies and indicated their biomarker potential to predict high-risk pregnancy status. There are hardly any reports on MVs and their functional roles in reproduction. Herein, we review of EVs and MVs, their characteristics, function, and usefulness predicting adverse pregnancy complications such as preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Hend Shahin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
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22
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Gao X, Shao L, Ge X, Zhang L, Chen D, He R. The Potential Role of Serum Exosomes in Preeclampsia. Curr Drug Metab 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200525152441 dali liu (guest editor) loyola university chicago, chicago, il 60660, usa xiangkai li (guest editor) school of life sciences, lanzhou university, gansu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy-specific disease that affects about 5%-8% of pregnant women and is
the main reason for the increase in maternal and perinatal mortality. Due to unknown etiology, preeclampsia is still
the main cause of increased mortality in maternal and perinatal infants, which is mainly manifested by new
hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy. As the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, early diagnosis and full
treatment are lacking. Exosomes secreted from the placenta to the peripheral circulation may be involved in the
pathogenesis of preeclampsia and can be detected from the plasma of pregnant women after 6 weeks of pregnancy.
Related studies have shown that the levels of exosomes in preeclampsia have changed, and the protein and miRNA
expression profiles are also different. Therefore, monitoring changes in plasma exosomes and expression profiles
may provide new ideas and new perspectives for the prediction, diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lulu Shao
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinying Ge
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dexin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rongxia He
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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23
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Hypoxia-induced small extracellular vesicle proteins regulate proinflammatory cytokines and systemic blood pressure in pregnant rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:593-607. [PMID: 32129439 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released from the extravillous trophoblast (EVT) are known to regulate uterine spiral artery remodeling during early pregnancy. The bioactivity and release of these sEVs differ under differing oxygen tensions and in aberrant pregnancy conditions. Whether the placental cell-derived sEVs released from the hypoxic placenta contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia is not known. We hypothesize that, in response to low oxygen tension, the EVT packages a specific set of proteins in sEVs and that these released sEVs interact with endothelial cells to induce inflammation and increase maternal systemic blood pressure. Using a quantitative MS/MS approach, we identified 507 differentially abundant proteins within sEVs isolated from HTR-8/SVneo cells (a commonly used EVT model) cultured at 1% (hypoxia) compared with 8% (normoxia) oxygen. Among these differentially abundant proteins, 206 were up-regulated and 301 were down-regulated (P < 0.05), and they were mainly implicated in inflammation-related pathways. In vitro incubation of hypoxic sEVs with endothelial cells, significantly increased (P < 0.05) the release of GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF, when compared with control (i.e. cells without sEVs) and normoxic sEVs. In vivo injection of hypoxic sEVs into pregnant rats significantly increased (P < 0.05) mean arterial pressure with increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. We propose that oxygen tension regulates the release and bioactivity of sEVs from EVT and that these sEVs regulate inflammation and maternal systemic blood pressure. This novel oxygen-responsive, sEVs signaling pathway, therefore, may contribute to the physiopathology of preeclampsia.
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Schuster J, Cheng SB, Padbury J, Sharma S. Placental extracellular vesicles and pre-eclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 85:e13297. [PMID: 32619308 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disease of pregnancy characterized by new-onset hypertension, with either proteinuria and/or organ dysfunction. Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. There is consensus that the underlying mechanism(s) resulting in pre-eclampsia is centered around abnormal placentation, inadequate spiral-artery remodeling, and deficiency in trophoblast invasion, resulting in impaired maternal blood flow to the placenta and a release of signals and/or inflammatory mediators into maternal circulation triggering the systemic manifestations of pre-eclampsia. ER stress, resulting in impaired autophagy and placental release of aggregated proteins, may also confer systemic stress to maternal organs in pre-eclampsia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid-bilayer enclosed structures containing macromolecules including proteins, miRNA, and other important nucleotides, have been suggested to play an important role in this maternal-fetal communication. Circulating EVs are present in greater quantity in the plasma of pre-eclampsia subjects compared to normal pregnancy, and the placental derived EVs have been shown to have altered protein and RNA cargo. In this review, we will focus on EVs and their role in pre-eclampsia, specifically their role in immune responses, inflammation, altered angiogenesis, and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schuster
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shi-Bin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James Padbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
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25
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Mendoza M, Lu D, Ballesteros A, Blois SM, Abernathy K, Feng C, Dimitroff CJ, Zmuda J, Panico M, Dell A, Vasta GR, Haslam SM, Dveksler G. Glycan characterization of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 and its identification as a novel Galectin-1 ligand. Glycobiology 2020; 30:895-909. [PMID: 32280962 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (PSG1) is secreted from trophoblast cells of the human placenta in increasing concentrations as pregnancy progresses, becoming one of the most abundant proteins in maternal serum in the third trimester. PSG1 has seven potential N-linked glycosylation sites across its four domains. We carried out glycomic and glycoproteomic studies to characterize the glycan composition of PSG1 purified from serum of pregnant women and identified the presence of complex N-glycans containing poly LacNAc epitopes with α2,3 sialyation at four sites. Using different techniques, we explored whether PSG1 can bind to galectin-1 (Gal-1) as these two proteins were previously shown to participate in processes required for a successful pregnancy. We confirmed that PSG1 binds to Gal-1 in a carbohydrate-dependent manner with an affinity of the interaction of 0.13 μM. In addition, we determined that out of the three N-glycosylation-carrying domains, only the N and A2 domains of recombinant PSG1 interact with Gal-1. Lastly, we observed that the interaction between PSG1 and Gal-1 protects this lectin from oxidative inactivation and that PSG1 competes the ability of Gal-1 to bind to some but not all of its glycoprotein ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Mendoza
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Dongli Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Angela Ballesteros
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Campus Buch, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kelsey Abernathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St S, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chiguang Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St S, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Charles J Dimitroff
- Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jonathan Zmuda
- Biosciences Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 7335 Executive Way, Frederick MD 21704, USA
| | - Maria Panico
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St S, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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26
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Spaans F, Quon A, Kirschenman R, Morton JS, Sawamura T, Tannetta DS, Sargent IL, Davidge ST. Role of Lectin-like Oxidized LDL Receptor-1 and Syncytiotrophoblast Extracellular Vesicles in the Vascular Reactivity of Mouse Uterine Arteries During Pregnancy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6046. [PMID: 32269313 PMCID: PMC7142154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications in pregnancy (e.g. preeclampsia) are a major source of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality, and may be due to excessive release of placental syncytiotrophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles (STBEVs) into the maternal circulation. Increased activity of the multi-ligand scavenger receptor Lectin-like Oxidized LDL Receptor-1 (LOX-1) is associated with vascular dysfunction, and LOX-1 has been shown to interact with angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1). We hypothesized that STBEVs contribute to vascular dysfunction via LOX-1 and AT1 receptors during pregnancy. Uterine arteries from late pregnant wildtype and LOX-1 overexpressing mice were incubated overnight with or without STBEVs and vascular function was assessed using wire myography. STBEV-incubation decreased angiotensin II responsiveness only in wildtype mice, which coincided with decreased AT1 contribution and expression. Thus, STBEVs reduced angiotensin II responsiveness in normal pregnancy, but not in conditions of increased LOX-1 expression, suggesting that STBEVs (via LOX-1) play a role in normal adaptations to pregnancy. Oxidized LDL (a LOX-1 ligand) increased angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction in STBEV-incubated arteries from both mouse strains, suggesting that the LOX-1 pathway may be involved in complicated pregnancies with elevated STBEVs and oxidized LDL levels (such as preeclampsia). These data increase our understanding of vascular complications during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Anita Quon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jude S Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | - Ian L Sargent
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. .,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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27
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Transfection of maternal cells with placental extracellular vesicles in preeclampsia. Med Hypotheses 2020; 141:109721. [PMID: 32289644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of extracellular vesicles is widely studied. As well as other organs, placenta produces extracellular vesicles during both, normal and pathological pregnancies. During pregnancy, placental/fetal free DNA circulates in maternal blood. Concentrations of free placental DNA are much higher when pregnancy complications of various etiologies occur. Such a complication could be preeclampsia. In our previous animal model, administration of pure DNA isolated from fetus did not induce any prenatal complications. Here we hypothesize that in real life during preeclampsia or other pregnancy complications, placental DNA might be transported by extracellular vesicles to maternal cells. Also, our preliminary data prove that placental DNA is present in circulating exosomes in maternal blood. Therefore, a lipid bilayer of extracellular vesicles could protect DNA from degradation by enzymes. Extracellular vesicles tend to merge with other cells, therefore, following expression of fetal genes from placental extracellular vesicles in maternal cells could lead to an immune response already observed in pregnancy complications. Future studies should be mainly focused on verification of our hypothesis and evaluate the potential of placental/fetal extracellular vesicles and their gene transfer in preeclampsia or other pregnancy complications.
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28
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Menon R, Debnath C, Lai A, Guanzon D, Bhatnagar S, Kshetrapal P, Sheller-Miller S, Salomon C. Protein Profile Changes in Circulating Placental Extracellular Vesicles in Term and Preterm Births: A Longitudinal Study. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5717492. [PMID: 31995166 PMCID: PMC7102872 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) is a major obstetrical problem around the globe and the mechanisms leading to PTB are unclear. Recently, changes in the circulating levels of placental extracellular vesicles (EVs) during pregnancy have been associated with various pregnancy complications. However, progress in the field is hindered by the inability to isolate placental EVs from the maternal circulation. A longitudinal study design was used to determine the protein cargo present in circulating placental EVs in maternal plasma of term and PTB across gestation (ie, first, second, and third trimester). Placental-derived EVs were enriched from the total EV population based on their expression of membrane-bound placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). A quantitative, information-independent acquisition (sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra [SWATH]) approach identified and quantified the placental EV protein contents. PLAP+ EVs did not change in characteristics (size, shape, and markers) but did differ in numbers across gestation with low levels in PTB. A comparison analysis between the PLAP+ EV proteome from term and PTB revealed 96 proteins differing significantly (P < 0.05, false discovery rate 1%) across gestation. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed consistent upregulation of inflammatory pathways in both upregulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition pathways at term and downregulation of coagulation/complement activation in preterm. Characterization of the proteomic profile in PLAP+ EVs across gestation demonstrates dramatic changes, which might be used to understand the biological process associated with early parturition and develop biomarkers for predicting high-risk status for PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
- Correspondence: Dr Ramkumar Menon, MS, PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Division, MRB 11.138, 301 University Blvd, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555. E-mail:
| | - Chirantan Debnath
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute of India, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Andrew Lai
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dominic Guanzon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute of India, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Pallavi Kshetrapal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute of India, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Samantha Sheller-Miller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Dr Carlos Salomon MSc, D.Med.Sc, PhD, Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston QLD 4029 Brisbane, Australia. E-mail:
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29
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Molecular Targets of Aspirin and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Their Potential Association with Circulating Extracellular Vesicles during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184370. [PMID: 31492014 PMCID: PMC6769718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncomplicated healthy pregnancy is the outcome of successful fertilization, implantation of embryos, trophoblast development and adequate placentation. Any deviation in these cascades of events may lead to complicated pregnancies such as preeclampsia (PE). The current incidence of PE is 2–8% in all pregnancies worldwide, leading to high maternal as well as perinatal mortality and morbidity rates. A number of randomized controlled clinical trials observed the association between low dose aspirin (LDA) treatment in early gestational age and significant reduction of early onset of PE in high-risk pregnant women. However, a substantial knowledge gap exists in identifying the particular mechanism of action of aspirin on placental function. It is already established that the placental-derived exosomes (PdE) are present in the maternal circulation from 6 weeks of gestation, and exosomes contain bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids and RNA that are a “fingerprint” of their originating cells. Interestingly, levels of exosomes are higher in PE compared to normal pregnancies, and changes in the level of PdE during the first trimester may be used to classify women at risk for developing PE. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms of action of LDA on placental and maternal physiological systems including the role of PdE in these phenomena. This review article will contribute to the in-depth understanding of LDA-induced PE prevention.
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30
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Nakashima A, Cheng SB, Kusabiraki T, Motomura K, Aoki A, Ushijima A, Ono Y, Tsuda S, Shima T, Yoshino O, Sago H, Matsumoto K, Sharma S, Saito S. Endoplasmic reticulum stress disrupts lysosomal homeostasis and induces blockade of autophagic flux in human trophoblasts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11466. [PMID: 31391477 PMCID: PMC6685987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a stress factor culminating into mild endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is necessary for placental development. However, excessive or chronic ER stress in pre-eclamptic placentas leads to placental dysfunction. The precise mechanisms through which excessive ER stress impacts trophoblasts are not well understood. Here, we showed that ER stress reduces the number of lysosomes, resulting in inhibition of autophagic flux in trophoblast cells. ER stress also disrupted the translocation of lysosomes to the surface of trophoblast cells, and inhibited lysosomal exocytosis, whereby the secretion of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) into culture media was significantly attenuated. In addition, we found that serum LAMP1 and beta-galactosidase levels were significantly decreased in pre-eclampsia patients compared to normal pregnant women, potentially indicating lysosomal dysfunction through ER stress in pre-eclamptic placentas. Thus, we demonstrated that excessive ER stress essentially disrupts homeostasis in trophoblasts in conjunction with autophagy inhibition by lysosomal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Nakashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shi-Bin Cheng
- Departments of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Tae Kusabiraki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Motomura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, 157-8535, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiko Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akemi Ushijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Osamu Yoshino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sago
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, 157-8535, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, 157-8535, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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31
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Vishnyakova P, Elchaninov A, Fatkhudinov T, Sukhikh G. Role of the Monocyte-Macrophage System in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153695. [PMID: 31357698 PMCID: PMC6696152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper functioning of the monocyte-macrophage system, an important unit of innate immunity, ensures the normal course of pregnancy. In this review, we present the current data on the origin of the monocyte-macrophage system and its functioning in the female reproductive system during the ovarian cycle, and over the course of both normal and complicated pregnancy. Preeclampsia is a crucial gestation disorder characterized by pronounced inflammation in the maternal body that affects the work of the monocyte-macrophage system. The effects of inflammation at preeclampsia manifest in changes in monocyte counts and their subset composition, and changes in placental macrophage counts and their polarization. Here we summarize the recent data on this issue for both the maternal organism and the fetus. The influence of estrogen on macrophages and their altered levels in preeclampsia are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Vishnyakova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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32
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Sammar M, Drobnjak T, Mandala M, Gizurarson S, Huppertz B, Meiri H. Galectin 13 (PP13) Facilitates Remodeling and Structural Stabilization of Maternal Vessels during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133192. [PMID: 31261864 PMCID: PMC6651626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins regulate cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, signal transduction, mRNA splicing, and interactions with the extracellular matrix. Here we focus on the galectins in the reproductive system, particularly on a group of six galectins that first appears in anthropoid primates in conjunction with the evolution of highly invasive placentation and long gestation. Of these six, placental protein 13 (PP13, galectin 13) interacts with glycoproteins and glycolipids to enable successful pregnancy. PP13 is related to the development of a major obstetric syndrome, preeclampsia, a life-threatening complication of pregnancy which affects ten million pregnant women globally. Preeclampsia is characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and organ failure, and is often accompanied by fetal loss and major newborn disabilities. PP13 facilitates the expansion of uterine arteries and veins during pregnancy in an endothelial cell-dependent manner, via the eNOS and prostaglandin signaling pathways. PP13 acts through its carbohydrate recognition domain that binds to sugar residues of extracellular and connective tissue molecules, thus inducing structural stabilization of vessel expansion. Further, decidual PP13 aggregates may serve as a decoy that induces white blood cell apoptosis, contributing to the mother's immune tolerance to pregnancy. Lower first trimester PP13 level is one of the biomarkers to predict the subsequent risk to develop preeclampsia, while its molecular mutations/polymorphisms that are associated with reduced PP13 expression are accompanied by higher rates of preeclampsia We propose a targeted PP13 replenishing therapy to fight preeclampsia in carriers of these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marei Sammar
- Ephraim Katzir Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, 2161002 Karmiel, Israel.
| | - Tijana Drobnjak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Maurizio Mandala
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87030 Rende, Italy
| | - Sveinbjörn Gizurarson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hamutal Meiri
- Hylabs Ltd., Rehovot, 7670606 and TeleMarpe Ltd., 6908742 Tel Aviv, Israel
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33
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Blois SM, Dveksler G, Vasta GR, Freitag N, Blanchard V, Barrientos G. Pregnancy Galectinology: Insights Into a Complex Network of Glycan Binding Proteins. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1166. [PMID: 31231368 PMCID: PMC6558399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a phylogenetically conserved family of soluble β-galactoside binding proteins, consisting of 15 different types, each with a specific function. Galectins contribute to placentation by regulating trophoblast development, migration, and invasion during early pregnancy. In addition, galectins are critical players regulating maternal immune tolerance to the embedded embryo. Recently, the role of galectins in angiogenesis during decidualization and in placenta formation has gained attention. Altered expression of galectins is associated with abnormal pregnancies and infertility. This review focuses on the role of galectins in pregnancy-associated processes and discusses the relevance of galectin-glycan interactions as potential therapeutic targets in pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Blois
- Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, UMB, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nancy Freitag
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Drobnjak T, Jónsdóttir AM, Helgadóttir H, Runólfsdóttir MS, Meiri H, Sammar M, Osol G, Mandalà M, Huppertz B, Gizurarson S. Placental protein 13 (PP13) stimulates rat uterine vessels after slow subcutaneous administration. Int J Womens Health 2019; 11:213-222. [PMID: 30988643 PMCID: PMC6443218 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s188303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reduced concentrations of placental protein 13 (PP13) during the first trimester of human pregnancy are associated with elevated risk for the subsequent development of preeclampsia, which is one of the deadliest obstetrical complications of pregnancy. Previous studies by our group have shown that PP13 lowers blood pressure in pregnant rats, increases the size and weight of pups and placentas, and induces vasodilation of resistance arteries through endothelial signaling pathways involving endothelial nitric oxid synthase and prostaglandin. Methods In the present study, the effect of PP13 was investigated in nonpregnant female Sprague Dawley rats (n=27). Osmotic pumps were surgically implanted subcutaneously that released a constant dose of PP13 or saline over 7 days. Most animals were sacrificed 6 days after the end of PP13 release (on day 13), while some were sacrificed immediately at the end of day 7 (the last PP13 release day), to compare the short- and long-term impact of PP13 on vessels’ growth and size. Results The uterine vessels were significantly expanded in the group exposed to recombinant PP13 (rPP13) compared to the control (saline) group. Both veins and arteries were significantly expanded by rPP13 with a more pronounced effect after 13 days compared to the corresponding vessels after 7 days. Furthermore, the long-term effect of treatment by rPP13 was more pronounced in the veins compared to the corresponding arteries. The effect of a PP13 variant with a histidine-tag (His-PP13) remained the same between 7 and 13 days. Conclusion In conclusion, PP13 might play a key role in the expansive remodeling of the uterine vessels, reflecting what would happen if the rat was pregnant, preparing the uterine vascu-lature for the increase in uteroplacental blood flow, which is necessary for normal pregnancy. We suggest that PP13 could act by NO signaling pathways, a hypothesis that requires future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Drobnjak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,
| | | | - Helga Helgadóttir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,
| | | | - Hamutal Meiri
- Hy Laboratories Ltd, Rehovot, Israel.,TeleMarpe Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marei Sammar
- Ephraim Katzir Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, Karmiel, Israel
| | - George Osol
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Maurizio Mandalà
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sveinbjörn Gizurarson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,
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Huppertz B. Biology of preeclampsia: Combined actions of angiogenic factors, their receptors and placental proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1866:165349. [PMID: 30553017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although massive efforts have been undertaken to elucidate the etiology of the pregnancy syndrome preeclampsia, its developmental origin remains a mystery. Most efforts of the last decade have focused on biomarkers to predict and/or diagnose preeclampsia, including the anti-angiogenic factor sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosin kinase-1), the angiogenic factor PGF (placental growth factor) and PP13 (placental protein 13). The origins of these marker proteins are still under debate, and so far their actions have only been describe separate from each other. This study will focus on the origins and actions of all three markers during pregnancy and outside pregnancy and will describe a scenario where all three markers act synergistically to rescue the mother from the deleterious effects of the debris that is released from the placenta during preeclampsia. This more holistic approach may open new avenues to think about maternal-fetal interactions and putative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Huppertz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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