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Lofthouse EM, Cleal J, Lewis RM, Sengers BG. Computational Modelling of Paracellular Diffusion and OCT3 Mediated Transport of Metformin in the Perfused Human Placenta. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2570-2580. [PMID: 37211316 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is an antidiabetic drug, increasingly prescribed in pregnancy and has been shown to cross the human placenta. The mechanisms underlying placental metformin transfer remain unclear. This study investigated the roles of drug transporters and paracellular diffusion in the bidirectional transfer of metformin across the human placental syncytiotrophoblast using placental perfusion experiments and computational modelling. 14C-metformin transfer was observed in the maternal to fetal and fetal to maternal directions and was not competitively inhibited by 5 mM unlabelled metformin. Computational modelling of the data was consistent with overall placental transfer via paracellular diffusion. Interestingly, the model also predicted a transient peak in fetal 14C-metformin release due to trans-stimulation of OCT3 by unlabelled metformin at the basal membrane. To test this hypothesis a second experiment was designed. OCT3 substrates (5 mM metformin, 5 mM verapamil and 10 mM decynium-22) added to the fetal artery trans-stimulated release of 14C-metformin from the placenta into the fetal circulation, while 5 mM corticosterone did not. This study demonstrated activity of OCT3 transporters on the basal membrane of the human syncytiotrophoblast. However, we did not detect a contribution of either OCT3 or apical membrane transporters to overall materno-fetal transfer, which could be represented adequately by paracellular diffusion in our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Lofthouse
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Jane Cleal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Rohan M Lewis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Bram G Sengers
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK.
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2
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Greenbaum S, Averbukh I, Soon E, Rizzuto G, Baranski A, Greenwald NF, Kagel A, Bosse M, Jaswa EG, Khair Z, Kwok S, Warshawsky S, Piyadasa H, Goldston M, Spence A, Miller G, Schwartz M, Graf W, Van Valen D, Winn VD, Hollmann T, Keren L, van de Rijn M, Angelo M. A spatially resolved timeline of the human maternal-fetal interface. Nature 2023; 619:595-605. [PMID: 37468587 PMCID: PMC10356615 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Beginning in the first trimester, fetally derived extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade the uterus and remodel its spiral arteries, transforming them into large, dilated blood vessels. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how EVTs coordinate with the maternal decidua to promote a tissue microenvironment conducive to spiral artery remodelling (SAR)1-3. However, it remains a matter of debate regarding which immune and stromal cells participate in these interactions and how this evolves with respect to gestational age. Here we used a multiomics approach, combining the strengths of spatial proteomics and transcriptomics, to construct a spatiotemporal atlas of the human maternal-fetal interface in the first half of pregnancy. We used multiplexed ion beam imaging by time-of-flight and a 37-plex antibody panel to analyse around 500,000 cells and 588 arteries within intact decidua from 66 individuals between 6 and 20 weeks of gestation, integrating this dataset with co-registered transcriptomics profiles. Gestational age substantially influenced the frequency of maternal immune and stromal cells, with tolerogenic subsets expressing CD206, CD163, TIM-3, galectin-9 and IDO-1 becoming increasingly enriched and colocalized at later time points. By contrast, SAR progression preferentially correlated with EVT invasion and was transcriptionally defined by 78 gene ontology pathways exhibiting distinct monotonic and biphasic trends. Last, we developed an integrated model of SAR whereby invasion is accompanied by the upregulation of pro-angiogenic, immunoregulatory EVT programmes that promote interactions with the vascular endothelium while avoiding the activation of maternal immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Greenbaum
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Inna Averbukh
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erin Soon
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rizzuto
- Department of Pathology, University of Californica San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alex Baranski
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Noah F Greenwald
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam Kagel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marc Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eleni G Jaswa
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zumana Khair
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shirley Kwok
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mako Goldston
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angie Spence
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Geneva Miller
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Morgan Schwartz
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Will Graf
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David Van Valen
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Virginia D Winn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Travis Hollmann
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leeat Keren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Michael Angelo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Calis P, Vojtech L, Hladik F, Gravett MG. A review of ex vivo placental perfusion models: an underutilized but promising method to study maternal-fetal interactions. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:8823-8835. [PMID: 34818981 PMCID: PMC9126998 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.2005565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Studying the placenta can provide information about the mechanistic pathways of pregnancy disease. However, analyzing placental tissues and manipulating placental function in real-time during pregnancy is not feasible. The ex vivo placental perfusion model allows observing important aspects of the physiology and pathology of the placenta, while maintaining its viability and functional integrity, and without causing harm to mother or fetus. In this review, we describe and compare setups for this technically complex model and summarize outcomes from various published studies. We hope that our review will encourage wider use of ex vivo placental perfusion, which in turn would generate more knowledge to improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Calis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lucia Vojtech
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Florian Hladik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael G. Gravett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kristiansen O, Roland MC, Zucknick M, Reine TM, Kolset SO, Henriksen T, Lekva T, Michelsen T. Maternal body mass index and placental weight: a role for fetal insulin, maternal insulin and leptin. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:2105-2121. [PMID: 35781790 PMCID: PMC9525437 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Placental weight (PW) has been found to mediate the main effect of maternal BMI on fetal size. Still, the BMI-PW association is poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to explore potential explanatory variables, including gestational weight gain (GWG), early- and late-pregnancy circulating levels of maternal glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C, and fetal insulin. METHODS We included two studies of pregnant women from Oslo University Hospital, Norway: the prospective STORK (n = 263) and the cross-sectional 4-vessel method study (4-vessel; n = 165). We used multiple linear regression for data analyses. A non-linear BMI-PW association was observed, which leveled off from BMI25. Therefore, BMI <25 and ≥25 were analyzed separately (n = 170/122 and 93/43 for STORK/4-vessel). Confounding variables included maternal age, parity, and gestational age. RESULTS PW increased significantly per kg m-2 only among BMI <25 (univariate model's std.β[p] = 0.233 [0.002] vs. 0.074[0.48]/0.296[0.001] vs. -0.030[0.85] for BMI <25 vs. ≥25 in STORK/4-vessel). Maternal early- but not late-pregnancy insulin and term fetal insulin were associated with PW. The estimated effect of early pregnancy insulin was similar between the BMI groups but statistically significant only among BMI <25 (std.β[p] = 0.182[0.016] vs. 0.203[0.07] for BMI <25 vs. ≥25). Late pregnancy leptin was inversely associated with PW with a 1.3/1.7-fold greater effect among BMI ≥25 than BMI <25 in the STORK/4-vessel. CONCLUSIONS The BMI-PW association was non-linear: an association was observed for BMI <25 but not for BMI ≥25. Leptin may be involved in the non-linear association through a placental-adipose tissue interplay. Maternal early pregnancy insulin and fetal insulin at term were associated with PW.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kristiansen
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - M C Roland
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Research Centre for Women's Health, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Zucknick
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - T M Reine
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - S O Kolset
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Henriksen
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Michelsen
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Balhara A, Kumar AR, Unadkat JD. Predicting Human Fetal Drug Exposure Through Maternal-Fetal PBPK Modeling and In Vitro or Ex Vivo Studies. J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 62 Suppl 1:S94-S114. [PMID: 36106781 PMCID: PMC9494623 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Medication (drug) use in human pregnancy is prevalent. Determining fetal safety and efficacy of drugs is logistically challenging. However, predicting (not measuring) fetal drug exposure (systemic and tissue) throughout pregnancy is possible through maternal-fetal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation. Such prediction can inform fetal drug safety and efficacy. Fetal drug exposure can be quantified in 2 complementary ways. First, the ratio of the steady-state unbound plasma concentration in the fetal plasma (or area under the plasma concentration-time curve) to the corresponding maternal plasma concentration (ie, Kp,uu ). Second, the maximum unbound peak (Cu,max,ss,f ) and trough (Cu,min,ss,f ) fetal steady-state plasma concentrations. We (and others) have developed a maternal-fetal PBPK model that can successfully predict maternal drug exposure. To predict fetal drug exposure, the model needs to be populated with drug specific parameters, of which transplacental clearances (active and/or passive) and placental/fetal metabolism of the drug are critical. Herein, we describe in vitro studies in cells/tissue fractions or the perfused human placenta that can be used to determine these drug-specific parameters. In addition, we provide examples whereby this approach has successfully predicted systemic fetal exposure to drugs that passively or actively cross the placenta. Apart from maternal-fetal PBPK models, animal studies also have the potential to estimate fetal drug exposure by allometric scaling. Whether such scaling will be successful is yet to be determined. Here, we review the above approaches to predict fetal drug exposure, outline gaps in our knowledge to make such predictions and map out future research directions that could fill these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Balhara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aditya R Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jashvant D Unadkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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6
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Brunst KJ, Hsu HHL, Zhang L, Zhang X, Carroll KN, Just A, Coull BA, Kloog I, Wright RO, Baccarelli AA, Wright RJ. Prenatal particulate matter exposure and mitochondrial mutational load at the maternal-fetal interface: Effect modification by genetic ancestry. Mitochondrion 2022; 62:102-110. [PMID: 34785263 PMCID: PMC9175302 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure impacts infant development and alters placental mitochondrial DNA abundance. We investigated whether the timing of PM2.5 exposure predicts placental mitochondrial mutational load using NextGen sequencing in 283 multi-ethnic mother-infant dyads. We observed increased PM2.5exposure, particularly during mid- to late-pregnancy and among genes coding for NADH dehydrogenase and subunits of ATP synthase, was associated with a greater amount of nonsynonymous mutations. The strongest associations were observed for participants of African ancestry. Further work is needed to tease out the role of mitochondrial genetics and its impact on offspring development and emerging disease disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Brunst
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 East 102(nd) St. New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Kecia N Carroll
- Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 East 102(nd) St. New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 East 102(nd) St., New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Allan Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 East 102(nd) St. New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 East 102(nd) St. New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B 653, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 East 102(nd) St. New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 East 102(nd) St., New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 W 168(th) St. New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 East 102(nd) St. New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 East 102(nd) St., New York, NY 10029, USA.
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7
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Forstner D, Guettler J, Gauster M. Changes in Maternal Platelet Physiology during Gestation and Their Interaction with Trophoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910732. [PMID: 34639070 PMCID: PMC8509324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon activation, maternal platelets provide a source of proinflammatory mediators in the intervillous space of the placenta. Therefore, platelet-derived factors may interfere with different trophoblast subtypes of the developing human placenta and might cause altered hormone secretion and placental dysfunction later on in pregnancy. Increased platelet activation, and the subsequent occurrence of placental fibrinoid deposition, are linked to placenta pathologies such as preeclampsia. The composition and release of platelet-derived factors change over gestation and provide a potential source of predicting biomarkers for the developing fetus and the mother. This review indicates possible mechanisms of platelet-trophoblast interactions and discusses the effect of increased platelet activation on placenta development.
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Cole LK, Sparagna GC, Vandel M, Xiang B, Dolinsky VW, Hatch GM. Berberine elevates cardiolipin in heart of offspring from mouse dams with high fat diet-induced gestational diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15770. [PMID: 34349203 PMCID: PMC8338981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid from plants known to improve cardiac mitochondrial function in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) offspring but the mechanism is poorly understood. We examined the role of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) in mediating this cardiac improvement. C57BL/6 female mice were fed either a Lean-inducing low-fat diet or a GDM-inducing high-fat diet for 6 weeks prior to breeding. Lean and GDM-exposed male offspring were randomly assigned a low-fat, high-fat, or high-fat diet containing BBR at weaning for 12 weeks. The content of CL was elevated in the heart of GDM offspring fed a high fat diet containing BBR. The increase in total cardiac CL was due to significant increases in the most abundant and functionally important CL species, tetralinoleoyl-CL and this correlated with an increase in the expression of the CL remodeling enzyme tafazzin. Additionally, BBR treatment increased expression of cardiac enzymes involved in fatty acid uptake and oxidation and electron transport chain subunits in high fat diet fed GDM offspring. Thus, dietary BBR protection from cardiac dysfunction in GDM exposed offspring involves improvement in mitochondrial function mediated through increased synthesis of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Cole
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 501C JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, USA
| | - Marilyne Vandel
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 501C JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Bo Xiang
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 501C JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 501C JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 501C JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada.
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9
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Takaya J. Calcium-Deficiency during Pregnancy Affects Insulin Resistance in Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137008. [PMID: 34209784 PMCID: PMC8268058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal malnutrition is known to affect the phenotype of the offspring through changes in epigenetic regulation. Growing evidence suggests that epigenetics is one of the mechanisms by which nutrients and minerals affect metabolic traits. Although the perinatal period is the time of highest phenotypic plasticity, which contributes largely to developmental programming, there is evidence of nutritional influence on epigenetic regulation during adulthood. Calcium (Ca) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance syndrome. Cortisol, the most important glucocorticoid, is considered to lead to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 is a key enzyme that catalyzes the intracellular conversion of cortisone to physiologically active cortisol. This brief review aims to identify the effects of Ca deficiency during pregnancy and/or lactation on insulin resistance in the offspring. Those findings demonstrate that maternal Ca deficiency during pregnancy may affect the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and thereby induce different metabolic phenotypes. We aim to address the need for Ca during pregnancy and propose the scaling-up of clinical and public health approaches that improved pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Takaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawachi General Hospital, 1-31 Yokomakura, Higashi-Osaka 578-0954, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Zaga-Clavellina V, Diaz L, Olmos-Ortiz A, Godínez-Rubí M, Rojas-Mayorquín AE, Ortuño-Sahagún D. Central role of the placenta during viral infection: Immuno-competences and miRNA defensive responses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166182. [PMID: 34058350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique immunological condition in which an "immune-diplomatic" dialogue between trophoblasts and maternal immune cells is established to protect the fetus from rejection, to create a privileged environment in the uterus and to simultaneously be alert to any infectious challenge. The maternal-placental-fetal interface (MPFI) performs an essential role in this immunological defense. In this review, we will address the MPFI as an active immuno-mechanical barrier that protects against viral infections. We will describe the main viral infections affecting the placenta and trophoblasts and present their structure, mechanisms of immunocompetence and defensive responses to viral infections in pregnancy. In particular, we will analyze infection routes in the placenta and trophoblasts and the maternal-fetal outcomes in both. Finally, we will focus on the cellular targets of the antiviral microRNAs from the C19MC cluster, and their effects at both the intra- and extracellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Zaga-Clavellina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México C.P. 11000, Mexico
| | - Lorenza Diaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, INPer, Ciudad de México C.P. 11000, Mexico
| | - Marisol Godínez-Rubí
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Argelia E Rojas-Mayorquín
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Guadalajara 45200, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB) CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico.
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Gómez-Roig MD, Mazarico E, Cuadras D, Muniesa M, Pascal R, Ferrer P, Cantallops M, Arraez M, Gratacós E, Falcon M. Placental chemical elements concentration in small fetuses and its relationship with Doppler markers of placental function. Placenta 2021; 110:1-8. [PMID: 34051643 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we aimed at quantifying placental concentrations of 22 chemical elements in small fetuses (SGA) as compared with normally grown fetuses (AGA), and to assess the relationship with Doppler markers of placental function. METHODS Prospective cohort study, including 71 SGA fetuses (estimated fetal weight < 10th percentile) and 96 AGA fetuses (estimated fetal weight > 10th percentile), recruited in the third trimester of gestation. The placental concentration of 22 chemical elements was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES, ICAP 6500 Duo Thermo): aluminum (Al), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chrome (Cr), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), lead (Pb), rubidium (Rb), sulfur (S), strontium (Sr), titanium (Ti), thallium (Tl), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn). Placental function was assessed by measuring the following fetal-maternal parameters: Uterine artery Pulsatility Index (UtA PI), Umbilical artery Pulsatility Index (UA PI) and Middle Cerebral artery Pulsatility Index (MCA PI). The association between the chemical elements concentration and study group and the association with Doppler measures were evaluated. RESULTS SGA was associated with significantly (p < 0.05) lower concentrations of Al (AGA 21.14 vs SGA 0.51 mg/kg), Cr (AGA 0.17 vs SGA 0.12 mg/kg), Cu (AGA 0.89 vs SGA 0.81 mg/kg), Mg (AGA 0.007 vs SGA 0.006 g/100g), Mn (AGA 0.60 vs SGA 0.47 mg/kg), Rb (AGA 1.68 vs SGA 1.47 mg/kg), Se (AGA 0.02 vs SGA 0.01 mg/kg), Ti (AGA 0.75 vs SGA 0.05 mg/kg) and Zn (AGA 9.04 vs SGA 8.22 mg/kg). Lower placental concentrations of Al, Cr, Mn, Se, Ti were associated with abnormal UtA, UA and MCA Doppler. DISCUSSION Lower placental concentrations of Al, Cr, Cu, Mn, Rb, Se, Ti and Zn are associated with SGA fetuses and abnormal fetal-maternal Doppler results. Additional studies are required to further understand how chemical elements affect fetal growth and potentially find strategies to prevent SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Gómez-Roig
- BCNatal. Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Maternal and Child Health Development Network, RETICS. Research Institute Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Mazarico
- BCNatal. Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Maternal and Child Health Development Network, RETICS. Research Institute Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.
| | - D Cuadras
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Muniesa
- BCNatal. Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Pascal
- BCNatal. Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Ferrer
- BCNatal. Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Cantallops
- BCNatal. Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Arraez
- BCNatal. Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Gratacós
- BCNatal. Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Falcon
- Department of Forensic and Legal Medicine. University of Murcia, Spain
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12
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Everest C, Nagpal TS, Souza SCS, DA Silva DF, Gaudet L, Mohammad S, Bhattacharjee J, Adamo KB. The Effect of Maternal Physical Activity and Gestational Weight Gain on Placental Efficiency. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:756-762. [PMID: 32991347 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adherence to physical activity (PA) and gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations during pregnancy has been shown to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes, including reducing the risk for chronic diseases. Limited research has evaluated the effect of meeting PA in combination with GWG recommendations on placental efficiency (Pl-E), a surrogate marker of the placenta's ability to exchange nutrients and gas based on surface area. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare Pl-E based on meeting PA and GWG recommendations. METHOD Healthy pregnant women (n = 61) wore accelerometers in their second and third trimesters to objectively measure PA. Women were classified as active or inactive at each time point based on meeting the 2019 Canadian prenatal PA guidelines. Total GWG was calculated as weight measured in the third trimester minus self-reported prepregnancy weight, and were categorized as insufficient (n = 19), adequate (n = 22), and excessive (n = 20) according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Placental weight (PW) and birth weight (BW) were measured within 30 min of delivery and 24-48 h postdelivery, respectively. Pl-E was determined in three ways: BW:PW ratio, residual BW, and measured BW, with a higher value indicating better Pl-E. Pl-E was compared by PA and GWG status using a two-way ANOVA. RESULTS No differences were found in the BW:PW ratio or residual BW corresponding to PA and GWG status. Measured BW was significantly higher in newborns of women who gained weight excessively compared with those who gained insufficient weight (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that prenatal PA does not compromise Pl-E; however, further research is required to evaluate the potential mechanistic benefits of meeting PA and GWG guidelines on the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Everest
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Taniya S Nagpal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Sara C S Souza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Danilo F DA Silva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Laura Gaudet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, CANADA
| | - Shuhiba Mohammad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Jayonta Bhattacharjee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
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13
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Abstract
Excess nutritional supply to the growing fetus, resulting from maternal diabetes and obesity, is associated with increased risks of fetal maldevelopment and adverse metabolic conditions in postnatal life. The placenta, interposed between mother and fetus, serves as the gateway between the two circulations and is usually considered to mediate maternal exposures to the fetus through a direct supply line. In this Perspective, however, we argue that the placenta is not an innocent bystander and mounts responses to fetal "signals of distress" to sustain its own adequate function and protect the fetus. We describe several types of protection that the placenta can offer the fetus against maternal metabolic perturbations and offer a theoretical model of how the placenta responds to the intrauterine environment in maternal diabetes and obesity to stabilize the fetal environment. Our approach supports growing calls for early screening and control of pregnancy metabolism to minimize harmful fetal outcomes.
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Abstract
During pregnancy, female physiology adapts to meet the additional mineral demands of the developing fetus. Meanwhile, the fetus actively transports minerals across the placenta and maintains high circulating levels to mineralize the rapidly developing skeleton. Most of this mineral is accreted during the last trimester, including 30 g of calcium, 20 g of phosphate and 0.8 g of magnesium. Given the dependence of calcium homeostasis on vitamin D and calcitriol in the adult and child, it may be expected that vitamin D sufficiency would be even more critical during pregnancy and fetal development. However, the pregnant mother and fetus appear to meet their mineral needs independent of vitamin D. Adaptations in maternal mineral and bone metabolism during pregnancy appear to be invoked independent of maternal vitamin D, while fetal mineral metabolism and skeletal development appear to be protected from vitamin D deficiency and genetic disorders of vitamin D physiology. This review discusses key data from both animal models and human studies to address our current knowledge on the role of vitamin D and calcitriol during pregnancy and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Ryan
- Faculty of Medicine - Endocrinology, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - C S Kovacs
- Faculty of Medicine - Endocrinology, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
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Mosavati B, Oleinikov AV, Du E. Development of an Organ-on-a-Chip-Device for Study of Placental Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8755. [PMID: 33228194 PMCID: PMC7699553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human placenta plays a key role in reproduction and serves as a major interface for maternofetal exchange of nutrients. Study of human placenta pathology presents a great experimental challenge because it is not easily accessible. In this paper, a 3D placenta-on-a-chip model is developed by bioengineering techniques to simulate the placental interface between maternal and fetal blood in vitro. In this model, trophoblasts cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells are cultured on the opposite sides of a porous polycarbonate membrane, which is sandwiched between two microfluidic channels. Glucose diffusion across this barrier is analyzed under shear flow conditions. Meanwhile, a numerical model of the 3D placenta-on-a-chip model is developed. Numerical results of concentration distributions and the convection-diffusion mass transport is compared to the results obtained from the experiments for validation. Finally, effects of flow rate and membrane porosity on glucose diffusion across the placental barrier are studied using the validated numerical model. The placental model developed here provides a potentially helpful tool to study a variety of other processes at the maternal-fetal interface, for example, effects of drugs or infections like malaria on transport of various substances across the placental barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Mosavati
- Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA;
| | - Andrew V. Oleinikov
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA;
| | - E. Du
- Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- D Michael Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Mail Stop: 8064-37-1005, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA.
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17
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Pereira GA, Sodré FS, Murata GM, Amaral AG, Payolla TB, Campos CV, Sato FT, Anhê GF, Bordin S. Fructose Consumption by Adult Rats Exposed to Dexamethasone In Utero Changes the Phenotype of Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Exacerbates Intestinal Gluconeogenesis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103062. [PMID: 33036430 PMCID: PMC7600908 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose consumption by rodents modulates both hepatic and intestinal lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that in utero exposure to dexamethasone (DEX) interacts with fructose consumption during adult life to exacerbate hepatic steatosis in rats. The aim of this study was to clarify if adult rats born to DEX-treated mothers would display differences in intestinal gluconeogenesis after excessive fructose intake. To address this issue, female Wistar rats were treated with DEX during pregnancy and control (CTL) mothers were kept untreated. Adult offspring born to CTL and DEX-treated mothers were assigned to receive either tap water (Control-Standard Chow (CTL-SC) and Dexamethasone-Standard Chow (DEX-SC)) or 10% fructose in the drinking water (CTL-fructose and DEX-fructose). Fructose consumption lasted for 80 days. All rats were subjected to a 40 h fasting before sample collection. We found that DEX-fructose rats have increased glucose and reduced lactate in the portal blood. Jejunum samples of DEX-fructose rats have enhanced phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression and activity, higher facilitated glucose transporter member 2 (GLUT2) and facilitated glucose transporter member 5 (GLUT5) content, and increased villous height, crypt depth, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining. The current data reveal that rats born to DEX-treated mothers that consume fructose during adult life have increased intestinal gluconeogenesis while recapitulating metabolic and morphological features of the neonatal jejunum phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizela A. Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (F.S.S.); (G.M.M.); (A.G.A.); (T.B.P.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Frhancielly S. Sodré
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (F.S.S.); (G.M.M.); (A.G.A.); (T.B.P.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Gilson M. Murata
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (F.S.S.); (G.M.M.); (A.G.A.); (T.B.P.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Andressa G. Amaral
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (F.S.S.); (G.M.M.); (A.G.A.); (T.B.P.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Tanyara B. Payolla
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (F.S.S.); (G.M.M.); (A.G.A.); (T.B.P.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Carolina V. Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-887 SP, Brazil; (C.V.C.); (G.F.A.)
| | - Fabio T. Sato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (F.S.S.); (G.M.M.); (A.G.A.); (T.B.P.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Gabriel F. Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-887 SP, Brazil; (C.V.C.); (G.F.A.)
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (F.S.S.); (G.M.M.); (A.G.A.); (T.B.P.); (F.T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3091-7245
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, details on how iron is supplied from the mother to the fetus through the placenta have remained unclear. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that heme oxygenase (HO)-1, which is an inducible isoform of the rate-limiting enzyme in the heme degradation pathway, may be involved in the effective reutilization of iron. In this study, we examined the distribution and gene expression of HO-1 in the villous tissue of human placenta at various periods of pregnancy. METHODS Using the placenta of 38 samples for which consent was obtained, chronological changes in the localization of HO-1 protein were examined by histological examination. RT-PCR was also performed to examine the expression of HO-1, transferrin receptor-1, and ferroportin 1. Ferric iron in the tissues was analyzed by Prussian blue staining. RESULTS Immunohistochemical studies showed that HO-1 protein was exclusively expressed in trophoblastic cells throughout gestation. In the miscarriage placenta in the first trimester, ho-1 mRNA levels were significantly higher than normal. Placenta with fetal death (miscarriage) in the first and second trimester indicate significantly higher ratio of ho-1 gene for iron production to the fpn-1 gene for iron excretion than normal. These suggest that the role of HO-1 with various physiological functions is changing throughout pregnancy. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that HO-1 in placenta plays an important role in iron supplying system in the second trimester to support fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikako Inoue
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja-shi, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Irie
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja-shi, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan.
| | - Reiko Akagi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima-city, 731-0153, Japan.
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Draycott SAV, Elmes MJ, Muhlhausler BS, Langley-Evans S. Omega-6:Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio and Total Fat Content of the Maternal Diet Alter Offspring Growth and Fat Deposition in the Rat. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092505. [PMID: 32825093 PMCID: PMC7551768 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) have been shown to inhibit lipogenesis and adipogenesis in adult rats. Their possible early life effects on offspring fat deposition, however, remain to be established. To investigate this, female Wistar rats (n = 6–9 per group) were fed either a 9:1 ratio of linoleic acid (LA) to alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or a lower 1:1.5 ratio during pregnancy and lactation. Each ratio was fed at two total fat levels (18% vs. 36% fat w/w) and offspring were weaned onto standard laboratory chow. Offspring exposed to a 36% fat diet, irrespective of maternal dietary LA:ALA ratio, were lighter (male, 27 g lighter; female 19 g lighter; p < 0.0001) than those exposed to an 18% fat diet between 3 and 8 weeks of age. Offspring exposed to a low LA (18% fat) diet had higher proportions of circulating omega-3 LCPUFA and increased gonadal fat mass at 4 weeks of age (p < 0.05). Reduced Srebf1 mRNA expression of hepatic (p < 0.01), gonadal fat (p < 0.05) and retroperitoneal fat (p < 0.05) tissue was observed at 4 weeks of age in male and female offspring exposed to a 36% fat diet, and hepatic Srebf1 mRNA was also reduced in male offspring at 8 weeks of age (p < 0.05). Thus, while offspring fat deposition appeared to be sensitive to both maternal dietary LA:ALA ratio and total fat content, offspring growth and lipogenic capacity of tissues appeared to be more sensitive to maternal dietary fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A. V. Draycott
- Sutton Bonington Campus, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (M.J.E.); (S.L.-E.)
- Food and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Food and Wine Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Matthew J. Elmes
- Sutton Bonington Campus, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (M.J.E.); (S.L.-E.)
| | - Beverly S. Muhlhausler
- Food and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Food and Wine Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Simon Langley-Evans
- Sutton Bonington Campus, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (M.J.E.); (S.L.-E.)
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Varshavsky JR, Sen S, Robinson JF, Smith SC, Frankenfield J, Wang Y, Yeh G, Park JS, Fisher SJ, Woodruff TJ. Racial/ethnic and geographic differences in polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels across maternal, placental, and fetal tissues during mid-gestation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12247. [PMID: 32699379 PMCID: PMC7376153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposures are a public health concern due to their persistence and potential for reproductive and developmental harm. However, we have little information about the extent of fetal exposures during critical developmental periods and the variation in exposures for groups that may be more highly exposed, such as communities of color and lower socioeconomic status (SES). To characterize maternal-fetal PBDE exposures among potentially vulnerable groups, PBDE levels were examined in the largest sample of matched maternal serum, placenta, and fetal liver tissues during mid-gestation among a geographically, racially/ethnically, and socially diverse population of pregnant women from Northern California and the Central Valley (n = 180; 2014-16). Maternal-fetal PBDE levels were compared to population characteristics using censored Kendall's tau correlation and linear regression. PBDEs were commonly detected in all biomatrices. Before lipid adjustment, wet-weight levels of all four PBDE congeners were highest in the fetal liver (p < 0.001), whereas median PBDE levels were significantly higher in maternal serum than in the fetal liver or placenta after lipid-adjustment (p < 0.001). We also found evidence of racial/ethnic disparities in PBDE exposures (Non-Hispanic Black > Latina/Hispanic > Non-Hispanic White > Asian/Pacific Islander/Other; p < 0.01), with higher levels of BDE-100 and BDE-153 among non-Hispanic Black women compared to the referent group (Latina/Hispanic women). In addition, participants living in Fresno/South Central Valley had 34% (95% CI: - 2.4 to 84%, p = 0.07) higher wet-weight levels of BDE-47 than residents living in the San Francisco Bay Area. PBDEs are widely detected and differentially distributed in maternal-fetal compartments. Non-Hispanic Black pregnant women and women from Southern Central Valley geographical populations may be more highly exposed to PBDEs. Further research is needed to identify sources that may be contributing to differential exposures and associated health risks among these vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Varshavsky
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 North Pauline St, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Joshua F Robinson
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sabrina Crispo Smith
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, 700 Heinz Ave # 200, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Julie Frankenfield
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, 700 Heinz Ave # 200, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Yunzhu Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, 700 Heinz Ave # 200, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Greg Yeh
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, 700 Heinz Ave # 200, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, 700 Heinz Ave # 200, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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21
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Rodríguez-Cano AM, Calzada-Mendoza CC, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Mendoza-Ortega JA, Perichart-Perera O. Nutrients, Mitochondrial Function, and Perinatal Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2166. [PMID: 32708345 PMCID: PMC7401276 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are active independent organelles that not only meet the cellular energy requirement but also regulate central cellular activities. Mitochondria can play a critical role in physiological adaptations during pregnancy. Differences in mitochondrial function have been found between healthy and complicated pregnancies. Pregnancy signifies increased nutritional requirements to support fetal growth and the metabolism of maternal and fetal tissues. Nutrient availability regulates mitochondrial metabolism, where excessive macronutrient supply could lead to oxidative stress and contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, while micronutrients are essential elements for optimal mitochondrial processes, as cofactors in energy metabolism and/or as antioxidants. Inadequate macronutrient and micronutrient consumption can result in adverse pregnancy outcomes, possibly through mitochondrial dysfunction, by impairing energy supply, one-carbon metabolism, biosynthetic pathways, and the availability of metabolic co-factors which modulate the epigenetic processes capable of establishing significant short- and long-term effects on infant health. Here, we review the importance of macronutrients and micronutrients on mitochondrial function and its influence on maternal and infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameyalli M Rodríguez-Cano
- Section for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.M.R.-C.); (C.C.C.-M.)
- Nutrition and Bioprogramming Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Claudia C Calzada-Mendoza
- Section for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.M.R.-C.); (C.C.C.-M.)
| | - Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Research Division; Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - Jonatan A Mendoza-Ortega
- Immunobiochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
- Immunology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11350, Mexico
| | - Otilia Perichart-Perera
- Nutrition and Bioprogramming Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
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22
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Miyaguti NADS, Stanisic D, de Oliveira SCP, dos Santos GS, Manhe BS, Tasic L, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Serum and Muscle 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Profiles Reveal Metabolic Changes Influenced by a Maternal Leucine-Rich Diet in Tumor-Bearing Adult Offspring Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072106. [PMID: 32708621 PMCID: PMC7400806 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A maternal leucine-rich diet showed a positive effect on the gastrocnemius muscle of adult tumor-bearing offspring. To improve the understanding of the metabolic alterations of cancer cachexia and correlate this to preventive treatment, we evaluated the 1H NMR metabolic profiles from serum and gastrocnemius muscle samples of adult Wistar rats. These profiles were initially analyzed, and chemometrics tools were applied to investigate the following groups: C, control group; W, tumor-bearing group; L, the group without tumors and with a maternal leucine-rich diet; WL, the tumor-bearing group with a maternal leucine-rich diet. Tumor growth that led to a high protein breakdown in the W group was correlated to serum metabolites such as tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, glutamine, and tryptophan amino acids and uracil. Also, decreased muscle lactate, inversely to serum content, was found in the W group. Conversely, in the WL group, increased lactate in muscle and serum profiles was found, which could be correlated to the maternal diet effect. The muscle lipidomics and NAD+, NADP+, lysine, 4-aminohippurate, and glutamine metabolites pointed to modified energy metabolism and lower muscle mass loss in the WL group. In conclusion, this exploratory metabolomics analyses provided novel insights related to the Walker-256 tumor-bearing offspring metabolism modified by a maternal leucine-rich diet and the next steps in its investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Angelo da Silva Miyaguti
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP 13083862, Brazil; (N.A.d.S.M.); (S.C.P.d.O.); (G.S.d.S.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Danijela Stanisic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Josué de Castro, s/n, Campinas, SP 13083970, Brazil; (D.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Sarah Christine Pereira de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP 13083862, Brazil; (N.A.d.S.M.); (S.C.P.d.O.); (G.S.d.S.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Gabriela Sales dos Santos
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP 13083862, Brazil; (N.A.d.S.M.); (S.C.P.d.O.); (G.S.d.S.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Beatriz Schincariol Manhe
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP 13083862, Brazil; (N.A.d.S.M.); (S.C.P.d.O.); (G.S.d.S.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Josué de Castro, s/n, Campinas, SP 13083970, Brazil; (D.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes-Marcondes
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP 13083862, Brazil; (N.A.d.S.M.); (S.C.P.d.O.); (G.S.d.S.); (B.S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3521-6194
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23
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Fang X, Sun W, Jeon J, Azain M, Kinder H, Ahn J, Chung HC, Mote RS, Filipov NM, Zhao Q, Rayalam S, Park HJ. Perinatal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Improves Cognition and Alters Brain Functional Organization in Piglets. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2090. [PMID: 32679753 PMCID: PMC7400913 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies associate maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/DHA-containing seafood intake with enhanced cognitive development; although, it should be noted that interventional trials show inconsistent findings. We examined perinatal DHA supplementation on cognitive performance, brain anatomical and functional organization, and the brain monoamine neurotransmitter status of offspring using a piglet model. Sows were fed a control (CON) or a diet containing DHA (DHA) from late gestation throughout lactation. Piglets underwent an open field test (OFT), an object recognition test (ORT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to acquire anatomical, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) at weaning. Piglets from DHA-fed sows spent 95% more time sniffing the walls than CON in OFT and exhibited an elevated interest in the novel object in ORT, while CON piglets demonstrated no preference. Maternal DHA supplementation increased fiber length and tended to increase fractional anisotropy in the hippocampus of offspring than CON. DHA piglets exhibited increased functional connectivity in the cerebellar, visual, and default mode network and decreased activity in executive control and sensorimotor network compared to CON. The brain monoamine neurotransmitter levels did not differ in healthy offspring. Perinatal DHA supplementation may increase exploratory behaviors, improve recognition memory, enhance fiber tract integrity, and alter brain functional organization in offspring at weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Fang
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (X.F.); (J.J.)
| | - Wenwu Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (W.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Julie Jeon
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (X.F.); (J.J.)
| | - Michael Azain
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (M.A.); (H.K.)
| | - Holly Kinder
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (M.A.); (H.K.)
| | - Jeongyoun Ahn
- Department of Statistics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.A.); (H.C.C.)
| | - Hee Cheol Chung
- Department of Statistics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.A.); (H.C.C.)
| | - Ryan S. Mote
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (R.S.M.); (N.M.F.)
| | - Nikolay M. Filipov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (R.S.M.); (N.M.F.)
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (W.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Srujana Rayalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA
| | - Hea Jin Park
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (X.F.); (J.J.)
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Shum S, Jing J, Petroff R, Crouthamel B, Grant KS, Burbacher TM, Isoherranen N. Maternal-fetal disposition of domoic acid following repeated oral dosing during pregnancy in nonhuman primate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 398:115027. [PMID: 32360744 PMCID: PMC7445014 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Domoic acid (DA) is a marine algal toxin that causes acute and chronic neurotoxicity in animals and humans. Prenatal exposure to DA has been associated with neuronal damage and cognitive and behavioral deficits in juvenile California sea lions, cynomolgus monkeys and rodents. Yet, the toxicokinetics (TK) of DA during pregnancy and the maternal-fetal disposition of DA have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the TK before, during, and after pregnancy and the maternal-fetal disposition of DA in 22 cynomolgus monkeys following daily oral doses of 0.075 or 0.15 mg/kg/day of DA. The AUC0-τ of DA was not changed while the renal clearance of DA was increased by 30-90% during and after pregnancy when compared to the pre-pregnancy values. DA was detected in the infant plasma and in the amniotic fluid at delivery. The infant plasma concentrations correlated positively with both the maternal plasma and the amniotic fluid concentrations. The paired infant-to-maternal plasma DA concentration ratios ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 and increased as a function of time which suggests placental efflux and longer apparent fetal half-life than the maternal half-life. The paired amniotic fluid-to-infant plasma DA concentration ratios ranged from 4.5 to 7.5 which indicates significant accumulation of DA in the amniotic fluid. A maternal-fetal TK model was developed to explore the processes that give the observed maternal-fetal disposition of DA. The final model suggests that placental transport and recirculation of DA between the fetus and amniotic fluid are major determining factors of the maternal-fetal TK of DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rebekah Petroff
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brenda Crouthamel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kimberly S Grant
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas M Burbacher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Abduljalil K, Badhan RKS. Drug dosing during pregnancy-opportunities for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2020; 47:319-340. [PMID: 32592111 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-020-09698-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drugs can have harmful effects on the embryo or the fetus at any point during pregnancy. Not all the damaging effects of intrauterine exposure to drugs are obvious at birth, some may only manifest later in life. Thus, drugs should be prescribed in pregnancy only if the expected benefit to the mother is thought to be greater than the risk to the fetus. Dosing of drugs during pregnancy is often empirically determined and based upon evidence from studies of non-pregnant subjects, which may lead to suboptimal dosing, particularly during the third trimester. This review collates examples of drugs with known recommendations for dose adjustment during pregnancy, in addition to providing an example of the potential use of PBPK models in dose adjustment recommendation during pregnancy within the context of drug-drug interactions. For many drugs, such as antidepressants and antiretroviral drugs, dose adjustment has been recommended based on pharmacokinetic studies demonstrating a reduction in drug concentrations. However, there is relatively limited (and sometimes inconsistent) information regarding the clinical impact of these pharmacokinetic changes during pregnancy and the effect of subsequent dose adjustments. Examples of using pregnancy PBPK models to predict feto-maternal drug exposures and their applications to facilitate and guide dose assessment throughout gestation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Abduljalil
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield, S1 2BJ, UK.
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26
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Read AJ, Finlaison DS, Kirkland PD. Infection of Ruminants, Including Pregnant Cattle, with Bungowannah Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060690. [PMID: 32604922 PMCID: PMC7354532 DOI: 10.3390/v12060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bungowannah virus is a pestivirus known to cause reproductive losses in pigs. The virus has not been found in other species, nor is it known if it has the capacity to cause disease in other animals. Eight sheep, eight calves and seven pregnant cows were experimentally infected with Bungowannah virus. It was found that sheep and calves could be infected. Furthermore, it was shown that the virus is able to cross the bovine placenta and cause infection of the foetus. These findings demonstrate the potential for species other than pigs to become infected with Bungowannah virus and the need to prevent them from becoming infected.
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Bhattacharya B, Home P, Ganguly A, Ray S, Ghosh A, Islam MR, French V, Marsh C, Gunewardena S, Okae H, Arima T, Paul S. Atypical protein kinase C iota (PKCλ/ι) ensures mammalian development by establishing the maternal-fetal exchange interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14280-14291. [PMID: 32513715 PMCID: PMC7322033 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920201117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero mammalian development relies on the establishment of the maternal-fetal exchange interface, which ensures transportation of nutrients and gases between the mother and the fetus. This exchange interface is established via development of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast cells (SynTs) during placentation. In mice, SynTs develop via differentiation of the trophoblast stem cell-like progenitor cells (TSPCs) of the placenta primordium, and in humans, SynTs are developed via differentiation of villous cytotrophoblast (CTB) progenitors. Despite the critical need in pregnancy progression, conserved signaling mechanisms that ensure SynT development are poorly understood. Herein, we show that atypical protein kinase C iota (PKCλ/ι) plays an essential role in establishing the SynT differentiation program in trophoblast progenitors. Loss of PKCλ/ι in the mouse TSPCs abrogates SynT development, leading to embryonic death at approximately embryonic day 9.0 (E9.0). We also show that PKCλ/ι-mediated priming of trophoblast progenitors for SynT differentiation is a conserved event during human placentation. PKCλ/ι is selectively expressed in the first-trimester CTBs of a developing human placenta. Furthermore, loss of PKCλ/ι in CTB-derived human trophoblast stem cells (human TSCs) impairs their SynT differentiation potential both in vitro and after transplantation in immunocompromised mice. Our mechanistic analyses indicate that PKCλ/ι signaling maintains expression of GCM1, GATA2, and PPARγ, which are key transcription factors to instigate SynT differentiation programs in both mouse and human trophoblast progenitors. Our study uncovers a conserved molecular mechanism, in which PKCλ/ι signaling regulates establishment of the maternal-fetal exchange surface by promoting trophoblast progenitor-to-SynT transition during placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Pratik Home
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Avishek Ganguly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Soma Ray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Ananya Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Md Rashedul Islam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Valerie French
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Courtney Marsh
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Soumen Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160;
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
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Joseph S, Sharma A, Horne LP, Wood CE, Langaee T, James MO, Stacpoole PW, Keller-Wood M. Pharmacokinetic and Biochemical Profiling of Sodium Dichloroacetate in Pregnant Ewes and Fetuses. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 49:451-458. [PMID: 33811107 PMCID: PMC11019763 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) is an investigational drug that shows promise in the treatment of acquired and congenital mitochondrial diseases, including myocardial ischemia and failure. DCA increases glucose utilization and decreases lactate production, so it may also have clinical utility in reducing lactic acidosis during labor. In the current study, we tested the ability of DCA to cross the placenta and be measured in fetal blood after intravenous administration to pregnant ewes during late gestation and labor. Sustained administration of DCA to the mother over 72 hours achieved pharmacologically active levels of DCA in the fetus and decreased fetal plasma lactate concentrations. Multicompartmental pharmacokinetics modeling indicated that drug metabolism in the fetal and maternal compartments is best described by the DCA inhibiting lactate production in both compartments, consistent with our finding that the hepatic expression of the DCA-metabolizing enzyme glutathione transferase zeta1 was decreased in the ewes and their fetuses exposed to the drug. We provide the first evidence that DCA can cross the placental compartment to enter the fetal circulation and inhibit its own hepatic metabolism in the fetus, leading to increased DCA concentrations and decreased fetal plasma lactate concentrations during its parenteral administration to the mother. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study was the first to administer sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) to pregnant animals (sheep). It showed that DCA administered to the mother can cross the placental barrier and achieve concentrations in fetus sufficient to decrease fetal lactate concentrations. Consistent with findings reported in other species, DCA-mediated inhibition of glutathione transferase zeta1 was also observed in ewes, resulting in reduced metabolism of DCA after prolonged administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene Joseph
- Departments of Pharmacodynamics (S.J., M.K.-W.), Pharmaceutics (A.S.), Medicinal Chemistry (M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.L.), Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine (T.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.P.H., P.W.S.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (C.E.W.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Departments of Pharmacodynamics (S.J., M.K.-W.), Pharmaceutics (A.S.), Medicinal Chemistry (M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.L.), Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine (T.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.P.H., P.W.S.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (C.E.W.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lloyd P Horne
- Departments of Pharmacodynamics (S.J., M.K.-W.), Pharmaceutics (A.S.), Medicinal Chemistry (M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.L.), Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine (T.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.P.H., P.W.S.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (C.E.W.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Charles E Wood
- Departments of Pharmacodynamics (S.J., M.K.-W.), Pharmaceutics (A.S.), Medicinal Chemistry (M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.L.), Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine (T.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.P.H., P.W.S.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (C.E.W.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Taimour Langaee
- Departments of Pharmacodynamics (S.J., M.K.-W.), Pharmaceutics (A.S.), Medicinal Chemistry (M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.L.), Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine (T.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.P.H., P.W.S.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (C.E.W.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Margaret O James
- Departments of Pharmacodynamics (S.J., M.K.-W.), Pharmaceutics (A.S.), Medicinal Chemistry (M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.L.), Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine (T.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.P.H., P.W.S.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (C.E.W.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter W Stacpoole
- Departments of Pharmacodynamics (S.J., M.K.-W.), Pharmaceutics (A.S.), Medicinal Chemistry (M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.L.), Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine (T.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.P.H., P.W.S.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (C.E.W.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maureen Keller-Wood
- Departments of Pharmacodynamics (S.J., M.K.-W.), Pharmaceutics (A.S.), Medicinal Chemistry (M.O.J.), Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research (T.L.), Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine (T.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.P.H., P.W.S.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (C.E.W.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Allman BR, Williams DK, Børsheim E, Andres A. Dietary Protein Intake during Pregnancy Is Not Associated with Offspring Insulin Sensitivity during the First Two Years of Life. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051338. [PMID: 32397092 PMCID: PMC7284765 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature describing a relationship between dietary protein intake during pregnancy and offspring insulin resistance are equivocal perhaps because of the lapse between maternal and offspring measurements (~9–40 years). Thus, we evaluated protein intake in healthy women [n = 182, mean ± SD; body mass index (BMI): 26.2 ± 4.2 kg/m2] in early pregnancy (8.4 ± 1.6 weeks, EP), late pregnancy (30.1 ± 0.4 weeks, LP), and averaged throughout pregnancy, and determined the relationship between protein intake and offspring homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) at 12 (12mo) and 24 (24mo) months. EP protein (g·kg−1·day−1) did not associate with HOMA2-IR at 12mo (β = 0.153, p = 0.429) or 24mo (β = −0.349, p = 0.098). LP protein did not associate with HOMA2-IR at 12mo (β = 0.023, p = 0.916) or 24mo (β = −0.442, p = 0.085). Finally, average protein did not associate with HOMA2-IR at 12mo (β = 0.711, p = 0.05) or 24mo (β = −0.445, p = 0.294). Results remained unchanged after adjusting for plant protein intake quartiles during pregnancy, maternal BMI, and offspring sex and body fat percentage. Additionally, these relationships did not change after quartile analysis of average protein intake, even after considering offspring fasting time and HOMA2-IR outliers, and maternal under-reporters of energy intake. Protein intake during pregnancy is not associated with indirect measurements of insulin sensitivity in offspring during the first two years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R. Allman
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (B.R.A.); (D.K.W.)
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - D. Keith Williams
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (B.R.A.); (D.K.W.)
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (B.R.A.); (D.K.W.)
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (A.A.); Tel.: +1-501-364-3053 (E.B.); +1-501-364-3301 (A.A.)
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (B.R.A.); (D.K.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (A.A.); Tel.: +1-501-364-3053 (E.B.); +1-501-364-3301 (A.A.)
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Kim J, Choi A, Kwon YH. Maternal Protein Restriction Altered Insulin Resistance and Inflammation-Associated Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue of Young Adult Mouse Offspring in Response to a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041103. [PMID: 32316103 PMCID: PMC7230574 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal protein restriction is associated with increased risk of insulin resistance and inflammation in adulthood offspring. Here, we investigated whether maternal protein restriction could alter the risk of metabolic syndrome in postweaning high-fat (HF)-diet-challenged offspring, with focus on epididymal adipose tissue gene expression profile. Female ICR mice were fed a control (C) or a low-protein (LP) diet for two weeks before mating and throughout gestation and lactation, and their male offspring were fed an HF diet for 22 weeks (C/HF and LP/HF groups). A subset of offspring of control dams was fed a low-fat control diet (C/C group). In response to postweaning HF diet, serum insulin level and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were increased in control offspring. Maternal LP diet decreased HOMA-IR and adipose tissue inflammation, and increased serum adiponectin level in the HF-diet-challenged offspring. Accordingly, functional analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in cytokine production were downregulated in the LP/HF group compared to the C/HF group. We also observed the several annotated gene ontology terms associated with innate immunity and phagocytosis in down-regulated DEGs between LP/HF and C/C groups. In conclusion, maternal protein restriction alleviated insulin resistance and inflammation in young offspring mice fed a HF diet but may impair development of immune system in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Alee Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Young Hye Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.K.); (A.C.)
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-6833
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31
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Orji CS, Sharkey L. Self-Injurious Behaviours in Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Ir Med J 2020; 113:63. [PMID: 32268056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C S Orji
- Mental health Intellectual Disability Team - Linn Dara Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
| | - L Sharkey
- Mental health Intellectual Disability Team - Linn Dara Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
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Abstract
The isolated perfused placental cotyledon technique has led to numerous advances in placental biology. Combining placental perfusion with mathematical modelling provides an additional level of insight into placental function. Mathematical modelling of perfusion data provides a quantitative framework to test the understanding of the underlying biology and to explore how different processes work together within the placenta as part of an integrated system. The perfusion technique provides a high degree of control over the experimental conditions as well as regular measurements of functional parameters such as pressure, solute concentrations and pH over time. This level of control is ideal for modelling as it allows placental function to be studied across a wide range of different conditions which permits robust testing of mathematical models. By placing quantitative values on different processes (e.g. transport, metabolism, blood flow), their relative contribution to the system can be estimated and those most likely to become rate-limiting identified. Using a combined placental perfusion and modelling approach, placental metabolism was shown to be a more important determinant of amino acid and fatty acid transfer. In contrast, metabolism was a less important determinant of placental cortisol transfer than initially thought. Identifying the rate-limiting factors in the system allows future work to be focused on the factors that are most likely to underlie placental dysfunction. A combined experimental and modelling approach using placental perfusions promotes an integrated view of placental physiology that can more effectively identify the processes leading to placental pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan M Lewis
- University of Southampton, Faulty of Medicine, UK; University of Southampton, Institute for Life Sciences, UK.
| | - Jane K Cleal
- University of Southampton, Faulty of Medicine, UK; University of Southampton, Institute for Life Sciences, UK
| | - Bram G Sengers
- University of Southampton, Institute for Life Sciences, UK; University of Southampton, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, UK
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Contreras-Duarte S, Carvajal L, Garchitorena MJ, Subiabre M, Fuenzalida B, Cantin C, Farías M, Leiva A. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Schemes Modify Maternal Plasma Cholesterol Levels Dependent to Women´s Weight: Possible Impact on Feto-Placental Vascular Function. Nutrients 2020; 12:E506. [PMID: 32079298 PMCID: PMC7071311 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) associates with fetal endothelial dysfunction (ED), which occurs independently of adequate glycemic control. Scarce information exists about the impact of different GDM therapeutic schemes on maternal dyslipidemia and obesity and their contribution to the development of fetal-ED. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GDM-treatments on lipid levels in nonobese (N) and obese (O) pregnant women and the effect of maternal cholesterol levels in GDM-associated ED in the umbilical vein (UV). O-GDM women treated with diet showed decreased total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) levels with respect to N-GDM ones. Moreover, O-GDM women treated with diet in addition to insulin showed higher TC and LDL levels than N-GDM women. The maximum relaxation to calcitonin gene-related peptide of the UV rings was lower in the N-GDM group compared to the N one, and increased maternal levels of TC were associated with even lower dilation in the N-GDM group. We conclude that GDM-treatments modulate the TC and LDL levels depending on maternal weight. Additionally, increased TC levels worsen the GDM-associated ED of UV rings. This study suggests that it could be relevant to consider a specific GDM-treatment according to weight in order to prevent fetal-ED, as well as to consider the possible effects of maternal lipids during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Contreras-Duarte
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (L.C.); (M.J.G.); (M.S.); (B.F.); (C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Lorena Carvajal
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (L.C.); (M.J.G.); (M.S.); (B.F.); (C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - María Jesús Garchitorena
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (L.C.); (M.J.G.); (M.S.); (B.F.); (C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Mario Subiabre
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (L.C.); (M.J.G.); (M.S.); (B.F.); (C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Bárbara Fuenzalida
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (L.C.); (M.J.G.); (M.S.); (B.F.); (C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Claudette Cantin
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (L.C.); (M.J.G.); (M.S.); (B.F.); (C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Marcelo Farías
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (L.C.); (M.J.G.); (M.S.); (B.F.); (C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (L.C.); (M.J.G.); (M.S.); (B.F.); (C.C.); (M.F.)
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago 8330024, Chile
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Abstract
In the bitch, establishment of pregnancy is believed to be mainly initiated by the free-floating embryo in the uterus that is under progesterone influence. As in other species, the active participation of the embryo is no longer questioned. Secretory products are transported to the embryo-maternal interface and contribute to extra-cellular matrix (ECM) degradation, a change in the intrauterine immune milieu towards a reduction of immune cells and a change in lymphocyte subsets, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, and the balance between proliferation and apoptosis. For cell-to-cell communication between embryo and maternal tissue, biomolecules inclusive microRNAs might be transported and exchanged via extracellular vesicles (EVs) as in other species. Maternal acceptance of the fetal allograft is vital for the establishment of pregnancy. Findings so far indicate that the embryo avoids attacks from the maternal system via passive and active mechanisms. One hypothesis is that expression or suppression of surface molecules help the canine embryo to hide from the maternal immune system on one side and to actively destroy cytotoxic immune cells on the other side; there are further clues that the canine embryo blocks activation of intrauterine leukocytes. Intracellular repair mechanisms via heat shock proteins (HSP) are candidates under investigation. The presence and function of immunomodulatory intrauterine cells like Treg cells and their interaction with the embryo have been intensely studied in other species but remains to be investigated in the canine preimplantation uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schäfer-Somi
- Platform for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Cordula Gabriel
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Selim Aslan
- Near East University, Veterinary Faculty, Department for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Del Gaudio I, Sasset L, Di Lorenzo A, Wadsack C. Sphingolipid Signature of Human Feto-Placental Vasculature in Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031019. [PMID: 32033121 PMCID: PMC7037072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipids are emerging as key regulators of vascular function and homeostasis. While most of the clinical studies have been devoted to profile circulating sphingolipids in maternal plasma, little is known about the role of the sphingolipid at the feto-placental vasculature, which is in direct contact with the offspring circulation. Our study aims to compare the sphingolipid profile of normal with preeclamptic (PE) placental chorionic arteries and isolated endothelial cells, with the goal of unveiling potential underlying pathomechanisms in the vasculature. Dihydrosphingosine and sphingomyelin (SM) concentrations (C16:0-, C18:0-, and C24:0- sphingomyelin) were significantly increased in chorionic arteries of preeclamptic placentas, whereas total ceramide, although showing a downward trend, were not statistically different. Moreover, RNA and immunofluorescence analysis showed impaired sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) synthesis and signaling in PE vessels. Our data reveal that the exposure to a deranged maternal intrauterine environment during PE alters the sphingolipid signature and gene expression on the fetal side of the placental vasculature. This pathological remodeling consists in increased serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) activity and SM accrual in PE chorionic arteries, with concomitance impairment endothelial S1P signaling in the endothelium of these vessels. The increase of endothelial S1P phosphatase, lyase and S1PR2, and blunted S1PR1 expression support the onset of the pathological phenotype in chorionic arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Del Gaudio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Linda Sasset
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Annarita Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (A.D.L.); Tel.: +43-316-385-81074 (C.W.); +1-212-746-6476 (A.D.L.)
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (A.D.L.); Tel.: +43-316-385-81074 (C.W.); +1-212-746-6476 (A.D.L.)
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Batistuzzo A, Ribeiro MO. Clinical and subclinical maternal hypothyroidism and their effects on neurodevelopment, behavior and cognition. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2020; 64:89-95. [PMID: 32187263 PMCID: PMC10522279 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism are the most common hormonal dysfunctions during pregnancy. Insufficient maternal thyroid hormones (THs) in the early stages of pregnancy can lead to severe impairments in the development of the central nervous system because THs are critical to central nervous system development. In the fetus and after birth, THs participate in neurogenic processes, cell differentiation, neuronal activation, axonal growth, dendritic arborization, synaptogenesis and myelination. Although treatment is simple and effective, approximately 30% of pregnant women in Brazil with access to prenatal care have their first consultation after the first trimester of pregnancy, and any delay in diagnosis and resulting treatment delay may lead to cognitive impairment in children. This review summarizes the effects of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism on fetal neurodevelopment, behavior and cognition in humans and rodents. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(1):89-95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Batistuzzo
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do DesenvolvimentoCentro de Ciências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana MackenzieSão PauloSPBrasilDepartamento de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (UPM), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Miriam Oliveira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do DesenvolvimentoCentro de Ciências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana MackenzieSão PauloSPBrasilDepartamento de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (UPM), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Abstract
This article reviews evidence for maternal-fetal communication about the time of day. We explore the hypothesis that key maternal hormones synchronize daily rhythms in the fetus to regulate gestation duration. These findings may help to predict and prevent preterm birth.
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Li X, Li A, Zhang W, Liu X, Liang Y, Yao X, Song M. A pilot study of mothers and infants reveals fetal sex differences in the placental transfer efficiency of heavy metals. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 186:109755. [PMID: 31605956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that heavy metals cross the placental barrier and exert potentially harmful fetal effects. Although previous studies showed sex differences in response to similar intrauterine environments, little is known about fetal sex-related differences in placental transfer and accumulation of heavy metals. This study aimed to reveal the sex-specific risk of fetal exposure to heavy metals in pregnant women. We detected the exposure levels of eight heavy metals in 64 paired mother-infant maternal blood, cord blood and placental tissue samples. We found that the placental transfer efficiency (PTE) of titanium (Ti) and silver (Ag) was significantly higher in the group with male fetuses than that with female fetuses. The group with male fetuses had a larger placental:maternal blood ratio of Ag levels than the group with female fetuses, indicating fetal sex-related differences in placental transfer and accumulation of Ag. Prospective research should focus on the sex differences of adverse health effects induced by heavy metals and other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, PR China
| | - Aijing Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, PR China
| | - Yong Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Xinglei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Maoyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Sward LB, Tariq SG. Maternal-Fetal Physiology, Intrapartum Care, Postpartum Care: A Team-Based Learning Module for Normal Obstetrics. MedEdPORTAL 2019; 15:10856. [PMID: 32166112 PMCID: PMC7050659 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Team-based learning (TBL) is an active learning strategy used at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences in both the preclinical and clinical years of medical school. The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) uses TBLs during a 6-week clinical clerkship. This TBL is the first in a series of six and was designed to teach the topic of normal obstetrics to third-year medical students. METHODS Prior to the TBL, students were provided with learning objectives and a list of advance preparation resources. These resources included a reading assignment from the student textbook, as well as optional online videos and optional online interactive quizzes. The students then came to class and completed an individual readiness assurance test (iRAT) and a group readiness assurance test (gRAT). The majority of in-class time was spent working through complex application exercises in the form of case vignettes. The TBLs were facilitated by a faculty member in the OB/GYN department. RESULTS Since its initiation in June 2018, 93 students have participated in this TBL activity. The mean score on the iRAT was 88.9%, and the mean score on the gRAT was 98.8%. Ninety-eight percent of students reported that they were satisfied with this learning activity. DISCUSSION This TBL was well received by students and unique in that it utilized a variety of types of advance preparation resources. With few other published OB/GYN TBLs available, we believe that this module could be a valuable resource for OB/GYN clerkships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B. Sward
- Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine
| | - Sara G. Tariq
- Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine
- Assistant Dean of Undergraduate Clinical Education, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine
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Behura SK, Dhakal P, Kelleher AM, Balboula A, Patterson A, Spencer TE. The brain-placental axis: Therapeutic and pharmacological relevancy to pregnancy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104468. [PMID: 31600597 PMCID: PMC6944055 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The placenta plays a critical role in mammalian reproduction. Although it is a transient organ, its function is indispensable to communication between the mother and fetus, and supply of nutrients and oxygen to the growing fetus. During pregnancy, the placenta is vulnerable to various intrinsic and extrinsic conditions which can result in increased risk of fetal neurodevelopmental disorders as well as fetal death. The placenta controls the neuroendocrine secretion in the brain as a means of adaptive processes to safeguard the fetus from adverse programs, to optimize fetal development and other physiological changes necessary for reproductive success. Although a wealth of information is available on neuroendocrine functions in pregnancy, they are largely limited to the regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/gonad (HPA/ HPG) axis, particularly the oxytocin and prolactin system. There is a major gap in knowledge on systems-level functional interaction between the brain and placenta. In this review, we aim to outline the current state of knowledge about the brain-placental axis with description of the functional interactions between the placenta and the maternal and fetal brain. While describing the brain-placental interactions, a special emphasis has been given on the therapeutics and pharmacology of the placental receptors to neuroligands expressed in the brain during gestation. As a key feature of this review, we outline the prospects of integrated pharmacogenomics, single-cell sequencing and organ-on-chip systems to foster priority areas in this field of research. Finally, we remark on the application of precision genomics approaches to study the brain-placental axis in order to accelerate personalized medicine and therapeutics to treat placental and fetal brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta K Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, United States; Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, United States.
| | - Pramod Dhakal
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, United States
| | | | - Ahmed Balboula
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, United States
| | - Amanda Patterson
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, United States
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, United States
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Rangel Cenzi J, Albuquerque C, Keutenedjian Mady CE. Phenomenological and Thermodynamic Model of Gas Exchanges in the Placenta during Pregnancy: A Case Study of Intoxication of Carbon Monoxide. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E4138. [PMID: 31717857 PMCID: PMC6861880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work simulates the transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide between a fetus's circulatory system and the mother's. The organ responsible for this exchange is the placenta. Carbon monoxide is a common air pollutant, and it impacts the physiological conditions even in low concentration. The impacts of carbon monoxide are especially dangerous for pregnant women, fetuses, and newborn babies. A model of carbon monoxide transport, from the literature, is modified to simulate a pregnant woman (original model was a male), therefore changing some parameters to express the adjusted respiratory system. It was considered the gas exchange in the placenta, to evaluate the concentration of these different gases in the fetus arterial and venous blood. Three methods of the exergy analysis are implemented for both mother and fetus respiratory systems, aiming at the comparison with the respiratory system of a male adult. The destroyed exergy of the literature did not have the same trend as the models proposed in this article, taking into consideration the hemoglobin reactions. In contrast, the entropy generation associated only with the diffusion transport phenomena was one order of magnitude lower than the other methods. The placenta destroyed exergy rate is significantly higher compared to the irreversibilities of the mother's respiratory system. One possible explanation is the fact that the placenta has other physiological functions than gas transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Rangel Cenzi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, Mendeleyev St., 200 - Cidade Universitária, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil;
| | - Cyro Albuquerque
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centro Universitário da FEI, 09850-901 São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Eduardo Keutenedjian Mady
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, Mendeleyev St., 200 - Cidade Universitária, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil;
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Dallmann A, Liu XI, Burckart GJ, van den Anker J. Drug Transporters Expressed in the Human Placenta and Models for Studying Maternal-Fetal Drug Transfer. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 59 Suppl 1:S70-S81. [PMID: 31502693 PMCID: PMC7304533 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous efforts have been directed to investigate the ontogeny of drug transporters in fetuses, neonates, infants, and children based on their importance for understanding drug pharmacokinetics. During development (ie, in the fetus and newborn infant), there is special interest in transporters expressed in the placenta that modulate placental drug transfer. Many of these transporters can decrease or increase drug concentrations in the fetus and at birth, stressing the relevance of elucidating expression in the placenta and potential gestational age-dependent changes therein. Hence, the main objective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge about expression and ontogeny of transporters in the human placenta in healthy pregnant women. In addition, various in vitro, ex vivo, and in silico models that can be used to investigate placental drug transfer, namely, placental cancer cell lines, ex vivo cotyledon perfusion experiments, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, are discussed together with their advantages and shortcomings. A particular focus was placed on PBPK models because these models can integrate different types of information, such as expression data, ontogeny information, and observations obtained from the ex vivo cotyledon perfusion experiment. Such a mechanistic modeling framework may leverage the available information and ultimately help to improve knowledge about the adequacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in pregnant women and their fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Dallmann
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB), Switzerland
| | - Xiaomei I. Liu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gilbert J. Burckart
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - John van den Anker
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB), Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Luderer U, Meier MJ, Lawson GW, Beal MA, Yauk CL, Marchetti F. In Utero Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene Induces Ovarian Mutations at Doses That Deplete Ovarian Follicles in Mice. Environ Mol Mutagen 2019; 60:410-420. [PMID: 30353947 PMCID: PMC6615722 DOI: 10.1002/em.22261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants formed during incomplete combustion of organic materials. Our prior work showed that transplacental exposure to BaP depletes ovarian follicles and increases prevalence of epithelial ovarian tumors later in life. We used the MutaMouse transgenic rodent model to address the hypothesis that ovarian mutations play a role in tumorigenesis caused by prenatal exposure to BaP. Pregnant MutaMouse females were treated with 0, 10, 20, or 40 mg/(kg day) BaP orally on gestational days 7-16, covering critical windows of ovarian development. Female offspring were euthanized at 10 weeks of age; some ovaries with oviducts were processed for follicle counting; other ovaries/oviducts and bone marrow were processed for determination of lacZ mutant frequency (MF). Mutant plaques were pooled within dose groups and sequenced to determine the mutation spectrum. BaP exposure caused highly significant dose-related decreases in ovarian follicles and increases in ovarian/oviductal and bone marrow mutant frequencies at all doses. Absence of follicles, cell packets, and epithelial tubular structures were observed with 20 and 40 mg/(kg day) BaP. Depletion of ovarian germ cells was inversely associated with ovarian MF. BaP induced primarily G > T and G > C transversions and deletions in ovaries/oviducts and bone marrow cells and produced a mutation signature highly consistent with that of tobacco smoking in human cancers. Overall, our results show that prenatal BaP exposure significantly depletes ovarian germ cells, causes histopathological abnormalities, and increases the burden of ovarian/oviductal mutations, which may be involved in pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian tumors. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:410-420, 2019. © 2018 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Luderer
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617
- Program in Public Health, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Matthew J. Meier
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
- Present address: Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Gregory W. Lawson
- Office for Laboratory Animal Care, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Marc A. Beal
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carole L. Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
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Maciel-Ruiz JA, López-Rivera C, Robles-Morales R, Veloz-Martínez MG, López-Arellano R, Rodríguez-Patiño G, Petrosyan P, Govezensky T, Salazar AM, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Montero-Montoya R, Gonsebatt ME. Prenatal exposure to particulate matter and ozone: Bulky DNA adducts, plasma isoprostanes, allele risk variants, and neonate susceptibility in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Environ Mol Mutagen 2019; 60:428-442. [PMID: 30706525 DOI: 10.1002/em.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mexico City's Metropolitan Area (MCMA) includes Mexico City and 60 municipalities of the neighbor states. Inhabitants are exposed to emissions from over five million vehicles and stationary sources of air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and ozone. MCMA PM contains elemental carbon and organic carbon (OC). OCs include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), many of which induce mutagenic and carcinogenic DNA adducts. Gestational exposure to air pollution has been associated with increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth or low birth weight risk, and PAH-DNA adducts. These effects also depend on the presence of risk alleles. We investigated the presence of bulky PAH-DNA adducts, plasma 8-iso-PGF2α (8-iso-prostaglandin F2α ) and risk allele variants in neonates cord blood and their non-smoking mothers' leucocytes from families that were living in a highly polluted area during 2014-2015. The presence of adducts was significantly associated with both PM2.5 and PM10 levels, mainly during the last trimester of gestation in both neonates and mothers, while the last month of pregnancy was significant for the association between ozone levels and maternal plasma 8-iso-PGF2α . Fetal CYP1B1*3 risk allele was associated with increased adduct levels in neonates while the presence of the maternal allele significantly reduced the levels of fetal adducts. Maternal NQO1*2 was associated with lower maternal levels of adducts. Our findings suggest the need to reduce actual PM limits in MCMA. We did not observe a clear association between PM and/or adduct levels and neonate weight, length, body mass index, Apgar or Capurro score. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:428-442, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Maciel-Ruiz
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cristina López-Rivera
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rogelio Robles-Morales
- División de Investigación de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 3 "Dr. Victor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes Sánchez", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maria G Veloz-Martínez
- División de Investigación de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 3 "Dr. Victor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes Sánchez", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Raquel López-Arellano
- LEDEFAR, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuatitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Patiño
- LEDEFAR, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuatitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pavel Petrosyan
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Tzipe Govezensky
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana M Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Regina Montero-Montoya
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maria E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Vulimiri SV, Olivero O. Introduction: Special Issue on Transplacental/Transgenerational Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis. Environ Mol Mutagen 2019; 60:392-394. [PMID: 30951218 PMCID: PMC8168685 DOI: 10.1002/em.22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suryanarayana V. Vulimiri
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ofelia Olivero
- Intramural Diversity Workforce Branch (IDWB), Center for Cancer Training, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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Hleyhel M, Goujon S, Sibiude J, Tubiana R, Dollfus C, Faye A, Mandelbrot L, Clavel J, Warszawski J, Blanche S. Risk of cancer in children exposed to antiretroviral nucleoside analogues in utero: The french experience. Environ Mol Mutagen 2019; 60:404-409. [PMID: 29206312 DOI: 10.1002/em.22162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
All nucleoside analogues for treating HIV infection, due to their capacity to integrate into and alter human DNA, are experimentally genotoxic to some extent. The long-term oncogenic risk after in utero exposure remains to be determined. Cancer incidence in uninfected children exposed to nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) was evaluated, by cross-checking against the National Cancer Registry, in the French perinatal study of children born to HIV+ mothers. Twenty-one cancers were identified in 15,163 children (median age: 9.9 years [interquartile range (IQR): 5.8-14.2]) exposed to at least one NRTI in utero between 1990 and 2014. Five of these children were exposed to zidovudine monotherapy, and 15 to various combinations, seven of which included didanosine. Overall, the total number of cases was not significantly different from that expected for the general population (SIR = 0.8[0.47-1.24]), but the number of cases after didanosine exposure was twice that expected (SIR = 2.5 [1.01-5.19]). Didanosine accounted for only 10% of prescriptions but was associated with one-third of cancers. In multivariate analysis, didanosine exposure was significantly associated with higher risk (HR = 3.0 [0.9-9.8]). This risk was specifically linked to first-trimester exposure (HR = 5.5 [2.1-14.4]). Three cases of pineoblastoma, a very rare cancer, were observed, whereas 0.03 were expected. Two were associated with didanosine exposure. Despite reassuring data overall, there is strong evidence to suggest that didanosine displays transplacental oncogenicity. These findings cannot be extrapolated to other NRTIs, but they highlight the need for comprehensive evaluations of the transplacental genotoxicity of this antiretroviral class. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 60:404-409, 2019. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Hleyhel
- Epidemiology and Population Health Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, U1018, France
| | - Stéphanie Goujon
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team (EPICEA), Université Paris Descartes, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, INSERM UMR1153, Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center, Villejuif, France
- French National Registry of Childhood Cancers, Villejuif, France
| | - Jeanne Sibiude
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, AP-HP, Colombes, France
| | - Roland Tubiana
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpital Pitié Salpétrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | - Albert Faye
- Pediatric Department, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Mandelbrot
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, AP-HP, Colombes, France
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team (EPICEA), Université Paris Descartes, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, INSERM UMR1153, Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center, Villejuif, France
- French National Registry of Childhood Cancers, Villejuif, France
| | - Josiane Warszawski
- Epidemiology and Population Health Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, U1018, France
- Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Stéphane Blanche
- Immunology Hematology Rheumatology Unit, Pediatric Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Sordo M, Maciel-Ruiz JA, Salazar AM, Robles-Morales R, Veloz-Martínez MG, Pacheco-Limón JH, Nepomuceno-Hernández AE, Ayala-Yáñez R, Gonsebatt ME, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Particulate matter-associated micronuclei frequencies in maternal and cord blood lymphocytes. Environ Mol Mutagen 2019; 60:421-427. [PMID: 30702784 DOI: 10.1002/em.22275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies associate particulate matter (PM) exposure with pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurologic diseases. Elevated levels of coarse (PM10) and fine (PM2.5) PM have been reported in the Mexico City metropolitan area during the last two decades. There is limited information if these conditions affect newborns. We associated maternal exposure to PM reported by the monitoring stations considering the place of residence of each participant with the presence of genotoxic damage (cytome analysis) in maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) lymphocytes. Eighty-four healthy women in their last quarter of pregnancy met the inclusion criteria. Each volunteer exposure was estimated according to the average PM2.5 and PM10 levels during the last month of gestation. The micronuclei (MN) frequencies in UCB lymphocyte cultures ranged between 0 and 9. They also showed lower cell proliferation indexes than their mothers. There was a strong correlation between the maternal and the UCB MN frequency (ρ = 0.3767, P = 0.0002). Multiple regression analysis including PM10 and PM2.5 levels, maternal age, and occupation, showed a significant and positive association between UCB MN frequency and PM2.5. A statistically significant increase in the MN frequency in both maternal and UCB lymphocytes was observed in samples obtained during the dry season (higher PM levels) as compared with the MN frequency in blood samples obtained during the rainy season (lower PM levels). These results suggest that PM, mainly PM2.5 , can cross the placenta causing DNA damage in fetal cells which may increase the potential for diseases during childhood or adult life. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:421-427, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Sordo
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alfonso Maciel-Ruiz
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Robles-Morales
- División de Investigación de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 3 "Dr. Victor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes Sánchez", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Veloz-Martínez
- División de Investigación de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 3 "Dr. Victor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes Sánchez", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge H Pacheco-Limón
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Andrés E Nepomuceno-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Materno Infantil del Grupo de Estudios al Nacimiento, Asociación Hispano Mexicana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Ayala-Yáñez
- Centro de Investigación Materno Infantil del Grupo de Estudios al Nacimiento, Asociación Hispano Mexicana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Maria E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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48
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Olivero OA. Transplacental Carcinogenesis Induced by Antiretrovirals, Twelve Years Later. Environ Mol Mutagen 2019; 60:443-444. [PMID: 30920019 DOI: 10.1002/em.22289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia A Olivero
- Intramural Diversity Workforce Branch, Center for Cancer Training, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
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Chen LW, Navarro P, Murrin CM, Mehegan J, Kelleher CC, Phillips CM. Maternal Dietary Glycemic and Insulinemic Indexes Are Not Associated with Birth Outcomes or Childhood Adiposity at 5 Years of Age in an Irish Cohort Study. J Nutr 2019; 149:1037-1046. [PMID: 31049568 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High maternal dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) may be associated with adverse offspring birth and postnatal adiposity outcomes through metabolic programming, but the evidence thus far, mainly from studies conducted in high-risk pregnant populations, has been inconclusive. No study has examined the influence of maternal insulin demand [measured by food insulinemic index (II) and insulinemic load (IL)] on offspring outcomes. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations between maternal GI, GL, II, and IL and offspring birth outcomes and postnatal adiposity in a general pregnant population. METHODS The study was based on data from 842 mother-child pairs from the Lifeways prospective cohort study in Ireland. Through the use of standard methodology, maternal GI, GL, II, and IL were derived from dietary information obtained via a validated food-frequency questionnaire in early pregnancy (12-16 wk). Birth outcomes were abstracted from hospital records. At 5-y follow-up, children's body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured. Associations were assessed through the use of multivariable-adjusted regression analysis. RESULTS Mothers had a mean ± SD age of 30.3 ± 5.7 y and a mean BMI (kg/m2) of 23.9 ± 4.2. The mean ± SD for dietary glycemic and insulinemic indexes were: GI = 58.9 ± 4.4; GL = 152 ± 49; II = 57.4 ± 14.5; IL = 673 ± 267. After adjustment for confounders, no consistent associations were observed between maternal GI, GL, II, and IL and birth outcomes including birth weight, macrosomia, gestational age, and postterm births. Similarly, no association was observed with BMI and waist circumference z scores and childhood obesity (general and central) at 5-y follow-up. There was no evidence of a nonlinear relation between the studied indexes and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We observed no clear relation between maternal GI, GL, II, and IL and offspring birth outcomes and childhood obesity in a general pregnant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Wei Chen
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Pilar Navarro
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Celine M Murrin
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - John Mehegan
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Cecily C Kelleher
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Catherine M Phillips
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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50
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Escher J, Robotti S. Pregnancy drugs, fetal germline epigenome, and risks for next-generation pathology: A call to action. Environ Mol Mutagen 2019; 60:445-454. [PMID: 30891817 DOI: 10.1002/em.22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Drugs taken during pregnancy can affect three generations at once: the gestating woman (F0), her exposed fetus (F1), and the fetal germ cells that confer heritable information for the grandchildren (F2). Unfortunately, despite growing evidence for connections between F0 drug exposures and F2 pathology, current approaches to risk assessment overlook this important dimension of risk. In this commentary, we argue that the unique molecular vulnerabilities of the fetal germline, particularly with regard to global epigenomic reprogramming, combined with empirical evidence for F2 effects of F1 in utero drug and other exposures, should change the way we consider potential long-term consequences of pregnancy drugs and alter toxicology's standard somatic paradigm. Specifically, we (1) suggest that pregnancy drugs common in the postwar decades should be investigated as potential contributors to the "missing heritability" of many pathologies now surging in prevalence; (2) call for inclusion of fetal germline risks in pregnancy drug safety assessment; and (3) highlight the need for intensified research to ascertain generational impacts of diethylstilbestrol, a vanguard question of human germline toxicity. Only by fully addressing this important dimension of transplacental exposure can we responsibly evaluate safety of drug exposures during pregnancy and convey the full scope of risks, while also retrospectively comprehending the generational legacy of recent history's unprecedented glut of evolutionarily novel intrauterine exposures. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:445-454, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Escher
- Escher Fund for Autism, San Jose, California
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