1
|
Kishor PBK, Guddimalli R, Kulkarni J, Singam P, Somanaboina AK, Nandimandalam T, Patil S, Polavarapu R, Suravajhala P, Sreenivasulu N, Penna S. Impact of Climate Change on Altered Fruit Quality with Organoleptic, Health Benefit, and Nutritional Attributes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17510-17527. [PMID: 37943146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of global climate change, acute water deficit conditions, soil salinity, and high temperature have been on the rise in their magnitude and frequency, which have been found to impact plant growth and development negatively. However, recent evidence suggests that many fruit plants that face moderate abiotic stresses can result in beneficial effects on the postharvest storage characters of the fruits. Salinity, drought, and high temperature conditions stimulate the synthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), and secondary metabolites, which are vital for fruit quality. The secondary metabolites like phenolic acids and anthocyanins that accumulate under abiotic stress conditions have antioxidant activity, and therefore, such fruits have health benefits too. It has been noticed that fruits accumulate more sugar and anthocyanins owing to upregulation of phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes. The novel information that has been generated thus far indicates that the growth environment during fruit development influences the quality components of the fruits. But the quality depends on the trade-offs between productivity, plant defense, and the frequency, duration, and intensity of stress. In this review, we capture the current knowledge of the irrigation practices for optimizing fruit production in arid and semiarid regions and enhancement in the quality of fruit with the application of exogenous ABA and identify gaps that exist in our understanding of fruit quality under abiotic stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Jayant Kulkarni
- Department of Botany, Savithribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Prashant Singam
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Anil Kumar Somanaboina
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi, Guntur 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Tejaswi Nandimandalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi, Guntur 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swaroopa Patil
- Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rathnagiri Polavarapu
- Genomix Molecular Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd., Pragathi Nagar, Kukatapally, Hyderabad 500 072, India
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Clappana, 690 525, Amritapuri, Vallikavu, Kerala, India & Bioclues.org, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Research Unit, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manil 1301, Philippines
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Amity Centre for Nuclear Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University of Maharashtra, Mumbai 410 206, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Possa KF, Silva JAG, Resende MLV, Tenente R, Pinheiro C, Chaves I, Planchon S, Monteiro ACA, Renaut J, Carvalho MAF, Ricardo CP, Guerra-Guimarães L. Primary Metabolism Is Distinctly Modulated by Plant Resistance Inducers in Coffea arabica Leaves Infected by Hemileia vastatrix. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:309. [PMID: 32265962 PMCID: PMC7099052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemics of coffee leaf rust (CLR) leads to great yield losses and huge depreciation of coffee marketing values, if no control measures are applied. Societal expectations of a more sustainable coffee production are increasingly imposing the replacement of fungicide treatments by alternative solutions. A protection strategy is to take advantage of the plant immune system by eliciting constitutive defenses. Based on such concept, plant resistance inducers (PRIs) have been developed. The Greenforce CuCa formulation, similarly to acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), shows promising results in the control of CLR (Hemileia vastatrix) in Coffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo. The molecular mechanisms of PRIs action are poorly understood. In order to contribute to its elucidation a proteomic, physiological (leaf gas-exchange) and biochemical (enzymatic) analyses were performed. Coffee leaves treated with Greenforce CuCa and ASM and inoculation with H. vastatrix were considered. Proteomics revealed that both PRIs lead to metabolic adjustments but, inducing distinct proteins. These proteins were related with photosynthesis, protein metabolism and stress responses. Greenforce CuCa increased photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, while ASM caused a decrease in these parameters. It was further observed that Greenforce CuCa reinforces the redox homeostasis of the leaf, while ASM seems to affect preferentially the secondary metabolism and the stress-related proteins. So, the PRIs prepare the plant to resist CLR but, inducing different defense mechanisms upon pathogen infection. The existence of a link between the primary metabolism and defense responses was evidenced. The identification of components of the plant primary metabolism, essential for plant growth and development that, simultaneously, participate in the plant defense responses can open new perspectives for plant breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Ferreira Possa
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Rita Tenente
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Pinheiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Chaves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sebastien Planchon
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Belval, Luxembourg
| | | | - Jenny Renaut
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Belval, Luxembourg
| | | | - Cândido Pinto Ricardo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Guerra-Guimarães
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Leonor Guerra-Guimarães,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M. The multifunctional face of plant carbonic anhydrase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 112:362-368. [PMID: 28152407 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although most studies on the ubiquitous enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) have indicated its significant role in plants to facilitate the diffusion of CO2 to the site of inorganic carbon fixation, it is becoming increasingly likely that carbonic anhydrase isoforms also have diverse unexplored functions in plant cells. This review lays emphasis on additional roles of CA associated with many physiological, biochemical and structural changes in plant metabolism. The presented findings have revealed essential functions of CA isoforms in plant adjustment to both abiotic and biotic agents and developmental stimuli. However, sometimes it is difficult to separate the non-photosynthetic from the photosynthetic-related role of CAs during post-stress impaired metabolism, and the preventive CA outcome might be due to the effect of these enzymes on improvement of photosynthetic capacity. Finally, taking into account the experimental evidence, the direct and indirect functional roles of CAs in mitigating negative effects of environmental conditions are presented.
Collapse
|
4
|
Alexandersson E, Mulugeta T, Lankinen Å, Liljeroth E, Andreasson E. Plant Resistance Inducers against Pathogens in Solanaceae Species-From Molecular Mechanisms to Field Application. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1673. [PMID: 27706100 PMCID: PMC5085706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a current summary of plant resistance inducers (PRIs) that have been successfully used in the Solanaceae plant family to protect against pathogens by activating the plant's own defence. Solanaceous species include many important crops such as potato and tomato. We also present findings regarding the molecular processes after application of PRIs, even if the number of such studies still remains limited in this plant family. In general, there is a lack of patterns regarding the efficiency of induced resistance (IR) both between and within solanaceous species. In many cases, a hypersensitivity-like reaction needs to form in order for the PRI to be efficient. "-Omics" studies have already given insight in the complexity of responses, and can explain some of the differences seen in efficacy of PRIs between and within species as well as towards different pathogens. Finally, examples of field applications of PRIs for solanaceous crops are presented and discussed. We predict that PRIs will play a role in future plant protection strategies in Solanaceae crops if they are combined with other means of disease control in different spatial and temporal combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Alexandersson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 102, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Tewodros Mulugeta
- Department of Zoological Science, Addis Ababa University, 1176 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Åsa Lankinen
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 102, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Erland Liljeroth
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 102, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Erik Andreasson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 102, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baccelli I, Mauch-Mani B. Beta-aminobutyric acid priming of plant defense: the role of ABA and other hormones. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:703-11. [PMID: 26584561 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to recurring biotic and abiotic stresses that can, in extreme situations, lead to substantial yield losses. With the changing environment, the stress pressure is likely to increase and sustainable measures to alleviate the effect on our crops are sought. Priming plants for better stress resistance is one of the sustainable possibilities to reach this goal. Here, we report on the effects of beta-aminobutyric acid, a priming agent with an exceptionally wide range of action and describe its way of preparing plants to defend themselves against various attacks, among others through the modulation of their hormonal defense signaling, and highlight the special role of abscisic acid in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Baccelli
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Mauch-Mani
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martínez-Aguilar K, Ramírez-Carrasco G, Hernández-Chávez JL, Barraza A, Alvarez-Venegas R. Use of BABA and INA As Activators of a Primed State in the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:653. [PMID: 27242854 PMCID: PMC4870254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To survive in adverse conditions, plants have evolved complex mechanisms that "prime" their defense system to respond and adapt to stresses. Their competence to respond to such stresses fundamentally depends on its capacity to modulate the transcriptome rapidly and specifically. Thus, chromatin dynamics is a mechanism linked to transcriptional regulation and enhanced defense in plants. For example, in Arabidopsis, priming of the SA-dependent defense pathway is linked to histone lysine methylation. Such modifications could create a memory of the primary infection that is associated with an amplified gene response upon exposure to a second stress-stimulus. In addition, the priming status of a plant for induced resistance can be inherited to its offspring. However, analyses on the molecular mechanisms of generational and transgenerational priming in the common bean (Phaseolus vulagris L.), an economically important crop, are absent. Here, we provide evidence that resistance to P. syringae pv. phaseolicola infection was induced in the common bean with the synthetic priming activators BABA and INA. Resistance was assessed by evaluating symptom appearance, pathogen accumulation, changes in gene expression of defense genes, as well as changes in the H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 marks at the promoter-exon regions of defense-associated genes. We conclude that defense priming in the common bean occurred in response to BABA and INA and that these synthetic activators primed distinct genes for enhanced disease resistance. We hope that an understanding of the molecular changes leading to defense priming and pathogen resistance will provide valuable knowledge for producing disease-resistant crop varieties by exposing parental plants to priming activators, as well as to the development of novel plant protection chemicals that stimulate the plant's inherent disease resistance mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keren Martínez-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad IrapuatoGuanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - Aarón Barraza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del NoroesteLa Paz, Mexico
| | - Raúl Alvarez-Venegas
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad IrapuatoGuanajuato, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Balmer A, Pastor V, Gamir J, Flors V, Mauch-Mani B. The 'prime-ome': towards a holistic approach to priming. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:443-52. [PMID: 25921921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants can be primed to respond faster and more strongly to stress and multiple pathways, specific for the encountered challenge, are involved in priming. This adaptability of priming makes it difficult to pinpoint an exact mechanism: the same phenotypic observation might be the consequence of unrelated underlying events. Recently, details of the molecular aspects of establishing a primed state and its transfer to offspring have come to light. Advances in techniques for detection and quantification of elements spanning the fields of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, together with adequate bioinformatics tools, will soon allow us to take a holistic approach to plant defence. This review highlights the state of the art of new strategies to study defence priming in plants and provides perspectives towards 'prime-omics'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balmer
- Université de Neuchâtel, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Pastor
- Université de Neuchâtel, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Gamir
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Victor Flors
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Brigitte Mauch-Mani
- Université de Neuchâtel, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Response of direct or priming defense against Botrytis cinerea to methyl jasmonate treatment at different concentrations in grape berries. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 194:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Soil drench treatment with ß-aminobutyric acid increases drought tolerance of potato. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114297. [PMID: 25489951 PMCID: PMC4260862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-protein amino acid β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is known to be a priming agent for a more efficient activation of cellular defence responses and a potent inducer of resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Nevertheless, most of the studies on priming have been carried out in Arabidopsis. In potato, the effect of BABA was demonstrated only on biotic stress tolerance. We investigated the effect of BABA on the drought tolerance of potato and found that soil drenched with BABA at a final concentration of 0.3 mM improves the drought tolerance of potato. Water loss from the leaves of the primed plants is attenuated and the yield is increased compared to the unprimed drought-stressed plants. The metabolite composition of the tubers of the BABA-treated plants is less affected by drought than the tuber composition of the non-treated plants. Nitric oxide and ROS (reactive oxygen species) production is increased in the BABA-treated roots but not in the leaves. In the leaves of the BABA-treated plants, the expression of the drought-inducible gene StDS2 is delayed, but the expression of ETR1, encoding an ethylene receptor, is maintained for a longer period under the drought conditions than in the leaves of the non-treated, drought-stressed control plants. This result suggests that the ethylene-inducible gene expression remains suppressed in primed plants leading to a longer leaf life and increased tuber yield compared to the non-treated, drought-stressed plants. The priming effect of BABA in potato, however, is transient and reverts to an unprimed state within a few weeks.
Collapse
|
10
|
Burra DD, Berkowitz O, Hedley PE, Morris J, Resjö S, Levander F, Liljeroth E, Andreasson E, Alexandersson E. Phosphite-induced changes of the transcriptome and secretome in Solanum tuberosum leading to resistance against Phytophthora infestans. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:254. [PMID: 25270759 PMCID: PMC4192290 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato late blight caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans can lead to immense yield loss. We investigated the transcriptome of Solanum tubersoum (cv. Desiree) and characterized the secretome by quantitative proteomics after foliar application of the protective agent phosphite. We also studied the distribution of phosphite in planta after application and tested transgenic potato lines with impaired in salicylic and jasmonic acid signaling. RESULTS Phosphite had a rapid and transient effect on the transcriptome, with a clear response 3 h after treatment. Strikingly this effect lasted less than 24 h, whereas protection was observed throughout all time points tested. In contrast, 67 secretome proteins predominantly associated with cell-wall processes and defense changed in abundance at 48 h after treatment. Transcripts associated with defense, wounding, and oxidative stress constituted the core of the phosphite response. We also observed changes in primary metabolism and cell wall-related processes. These changes were shown not to be due to phosphate depletion or acidification caused by phosphite treatment. Of the phosphite-regulated transcripts 40% also changed with β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) as an elicitor, while the defence gene PR1 was only up-regulated by BABA. Although phosphite was shown to be distributed in planta to parts not directly exposed to phosphite, no protection in leaves without direct foliar application was observed. Furthermore, the analysis of transgenic potato lines indicated that the phosphite-mediated resistance was independent of the plant hormones salicylic and jasmonic acid. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that a rapid phosphite-triggered response is important to confer long-lasting resistance against P. infestans and gives molecular understanding of its successful field applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharani Dhar Burra
- />Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- />Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- />School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
- />Present address: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Pete E Hedley
- />Genome Technology, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Jenny Morris
- />Genome Technology, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Svante Resjö
- />Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Erland Liljeroth
- />Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Erik Andreasson
- />Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Erik Alexandersson
- />Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ripoll J, Urban L, Staudt M, Lopez-Lauri F, Bidel LPR, Bertin N. Water shortage and quality of fleshy fruits--making the most of the unavoidable. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4097-117. [PMID: 24821951 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Extreme climatic events, including drought, are predicted to increase in intensity, frequency, and geographic extent as a consequence of global climate change. In general, to grow crops successfully in the future, growers will need to adapt to less available water and to take better advantage of the positive effects of drought. Fortunately, there are positive effects associated with drought. Drought stimulates the secondary metabolism, thereby potentially increasing plant defences and the concentrations of compounds involved in plant quality, particularly taste and health benefits. The role of drought on the production of secondary metabolites is of paramount importance for fruit crops. However, to manage crops effectively under conditions of limited water supply, for example by applying deficit irrigation, growers must consider not only the impact of drought on productivity but also on how plants manage the primary and secondary metabolisms. This question is obviously complex because during water deficit, trade-offs among productivity, defence, and quality depend upon the intensity, duration, and repetition of events of water deficit. The stage of plant development during the period of water deficit is also crucial, as are the effects of other stressors. In addition, growers must rely on relevant indicators of water status, i.e. parameters involved in the relevant metabolic processes, including those affecting quality. Although many reports on the effects of drought on plant function and crop productivity have been published, these issues have not been reviewed thus far. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of current knowledge of the effects of different forms of drought on fruit quality relative to the primary and secondary metabolisms and their interactions. We also review conventional and less conventional indicators of water status that could be used for monitoring purposes, such as volatile compounds. We focus on fruit crops owing to the importance of secondary metabolism in fruit quality and the importance of fruits in the human diet. The issue of defence is also briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ripoll
- INRA - Centre d'Avignon, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, Domaine Saint Paul - Site Agroparc, 228 route de l'Aérodrome, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, Bât. Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, B.p. 21239, F-84916 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Urban
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, Bât. Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, B.p. 21239, F-84916 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Michael Staudt
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Félicie Lopez-Lauri
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, Bât. Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, B.p. 21239, F-84916 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Luc P R Bidel
- INRA, UMR AGAP, Place P. Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Nadia Bertin
- INRA - Centre d'Avignon, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, Domaine Saint Paul - Site Agroparc, 228 route de l'Aérodrome, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|