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Ikram S, Li Y, Lin C, Yi D, Heng W, Li Q, Tao L, Hongjun Y, Weijie J. Selenium in plants: A nexus of growth, antioxidants, and phytohormones. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 296:154237. [PMID: 38583194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for both human and animals. Plants serve as the primary source of Se in the food chain. Se concentration and availability in plants is influenced by soil properties and environmental conditions. Optimal Se levels promote plant growth and enhance stress tolerance, while excessive Se concentration can result in toxicity. Se enhances plants ROS scavenging ability by promoting antioxidant compound synthesis. The ability of Se to maintain redox balance depends upon ROS compounds, stress conditions and Se application rate. Furthermore, Se-dependent antioxidant compound synthesis is critically reliant on plant macro and micro nutritional status. As these nutrients are fundamental for different co-factors and amino acid synthesis. Additionally, phytohormones also interact with Se to promote plant growth. Hence, utilization of phytohormones and modified crop nutrition can improve Se-dependent crop growth and plant stress tolerance. This review aims to explore the assimilation of Se into plant proteins, its intricate effect on plant redox status, and the specific interactions between Se and phytohormones. Furthermore, we highlight the proposed physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying Se-mediated phytohormone-dependent plant growth modulation and identified research opportunities that could contribute to sustainable agricultural production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufian Ikram
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Debao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hongjun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Weijie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Zhang Y, Su Z, Luo L, Wang P, Zhu X, Liu J, Wang C. Exogenous auxin regulates the growth and development of peach fruit at the expansion stage by mediating multiple-hormone signaling. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:499. [PMID: 37848815 PMCID: PMC10583367 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit expansion stage is crucial to fruit yield and quality formation, and auxin plays a significant role by mediating multi-hormone signals during fruit expansion. However, till now, it is still unclear of the molecular regulatory network during auxin-mediated peach fruit expansion. RESULTS Here, exogenous NAA application markedly increased IAA content and drastically decreased ABA content at the fruit expansion stage. Correspondingly, NAA mainly induced the auxin biosynthesis gene (1 PpYUCCA) and early auxin-responsive genes (7PpIAA, 3 PpGH3, and 14 PpSAUR); while NAA down-regulated ABA biosynthesis genes (2 PpNCED, 1 PpABA3, and 1 PpAAO3). In addition, many DEGs involved in other plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction were significantly enriched after NAA treatment, including 7 JA, 7 CTK, 6 ETH, and 3 GA. Furthermore, we also found that NAA treatment down-regulated most of genes involved in the growth and development of peach fruit, including the cell wall metabolism-related genes (PpEG), sucrose metabolism-related genes (PpSPS), phenylalanine metabolism-related genes (PpPAL, Pp4CL, and PpHCT), and transcription factors (PpNAC, PpMADS-box, PpDof, PpSBP, and PpHB). CONCLUSION Overall, NAA treatment at the fruit expansion stage could inhibit some metabolism processes involved in the related genes in the growth and development of peach fruit by regulating multiple-hormone signaling networks. These results help reveal the short-term regulatory mechanism of auxin at the fruit expansion stage and provide new insights into the multi-hormone cascade regulatory network of fruit growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Faculty of Horticultural Science and Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China.
| | - Ziwen Su
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linjia Luo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pengkai Wang
- Faculty of Horticultural Science and Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiecai Liu
- Inner MongoliaAgricultural University, Huhehaote, 010010, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Faculty of Horticultural Science and Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China.
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Oyedoh OP, Yang W, Dhanasekaran D, Santoyo G, Glick BR, Babalola OO. Rare rhizo-Actinomycetes: A new source of agroactive metabolites. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108205. [PMID: 37356598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Numerous biotic and abiotic stress in some geographical regions predisposed their agricultural matrix to challenges threatening plant productivity, health, and quality. In curbing these threats, different customary agrarian principles have been created through research and development, ranging from chemical inputs and genetic modification of crops to the recently trending smart agricultural technology. But the peculiarities associated with these methods have made agriculturists rely on plant rhizospheric microbiome services, particularly bacteria. Several bacterial resources like Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Actinomycetes (Streptomycetes) are prominent as bioinoculants or the application of their by-products in alleviating biotic/abiotic stress have been extensively studied, with a dearth in the application of rare Actinomycetes metabolites. Rare Actinomycetes are known for their colossal genome, containing well-preserved genes coding for prolific secondary metabolites with many agroactive functionalities that can revolutionize the agricultural industry. Therefore, the imperativeness of this review to express the occurrence and distributions of rare Actinomycetes diversity, plant and soil-associated habitats, successional track in the rhizosphere under diverse stress, and their agroactive metabolite characteristics and functionalities that can remediate the challenges associated with agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghoye Priscilla Oyedoh
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biolόgicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
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Jiang K, Guo H, Zhai J. Interplay of phytohormones and epigenetic regulation: A recipe for plant development and plasticity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:381-398. [PMID: 36223083 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both phytohormone signaling and epigenetic mechanisms have long been known to play crucial roles in plant development and plasticity in response to ambient stimuli. Indeed, diverse signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones and epigenetic processes integrate multiple upstream signals to regulate various plant traits. Emerging evidence indicates that phytohormones and epigenetic processes interact at multiple levels. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the interplay between phytohormones and epigenetic processes from the perspective of phytohormone biology. We also review chemical regulators used in epigenetic studies and propose strategies for developing novel regulators using multidisciplinary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jixian Zhai
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Jahed KR, Hirst PM. Fruit growth and development in apple: a molecular, genomics and epigenetics perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1122397. [PMID: 37123845 PMCID: PMC10130390 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1122397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fruit growth and development are physiological processes controlled by several internal and external factors. This complex regulatory mechanism comprises a series of events occurring in a chronological order over a growing season. Understanding the underlying mechanism of fruit development events, however, requires consideration of the events occurring prior to fruit development such as flowering, pollination, fertilization, and fruit set. Such events are interrelated and occur in a sequential order. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technology in conjunction with improved statistical and computational methods have empowered science to identify some of the major molecular components and mechanisms involved in the regulation of fruit growth and have supplied encouraging successes in associating genotypic differentiation with phenotypic observations. As a result, multiple approaches have been developed to dissect such complex regulatory machinery and understand the genetic basis controlling these processes. These methods include transcriptomic analysis, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping, whole-genome approach, and epigenetics analyses. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the molecular, genomic and epigenetics perspective of apple fruit growth and development that defines the final fruit size and provides a detailed analysis of the mechanisms by which fruit growth and development are controlled. Though the main emphasis of this article is on the molecular, genomic and epigenetics aspects of fruit growth and development, we will also deliver a brief overview on events occurring prior to fruit growth.
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Montoya C, Mejia-Alvarado FS, Botero-Rozo D, Ayala-Diaz IM, Romero HM. Parthenocarpy-related genes induced by naphthalene acetic acid in oil palm interspecific O × G [ Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés × Elaeis guineensis Jacq.] hybrids. Front Genet 2023; 14:1099489. [PMID: 37021004 PMCID: PMC10067579 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1099489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenocarpy is the development without fertilization of seedless fruits. In the oil palm industry, the development of parthenocarpic fruits is considered an attractive option to increase palm oil production. Previous studies have shown the application of synthetic auxins in Elaeis guineensis, and interspecific O×G hybrids (Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés × E. guineensis Jacq.) induces parthenocarpy. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular mechanism through transcriptomics and biology system approach to responding to how the application of NAA induces parthenocarpic fruits in oil palm O×G hybrids. The transcriptome changes were studied in three phenological stages (PS) of the inflorescences: i) PS 603, pre-anthesis III, ii) PS 607, anthesis, and iii) PS 700, fertilized female flower. Each PS was treated with NAA, Pollen, and control (any application). The expression profile was studied at three separate times: five minutes (T0), 24 hours (T1), and 48 h post-treatment (T2). The RNA sequencing (RNA seq) approach was used with 27 oil palm O×G hybrids for a total of 81 raw samples. RNA-Seq showed around 445,920 genes. Numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in pollination, flowering, seed development, hormone biosynthesis, and signal transduction. The expression of the most relevant transcription factors (TF) families was variable and dependent on the stage and time post-treatment. In general, NAA treatment expressed differentially more genes than Pollen. Indeed, the gene co-expression network of Pollen was built with fewer nodes than the NAA treatment. The transcriptional profiles of Auxin-responsive protein and Gibberellin-regulated genes involved in parthenocarpy phenomena agreed with those previously reported in other species. The expression of 13 DEGs was validated by RT-qPCR analysis. This detailed knowledge about the molecular mechanisms involved in parthenocarpy could be used to facilitate the future development of genome editing techniques that enable the production of parthenocarpic O×G hybrid cultivars without growth regulator application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmenza Montoya
- Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center—Cenipalma, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - David Botero-Rozo
- Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center—Cenipalma, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ivan Mauricio Ayala-Diaz
- Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center—Cenipalma, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernan Mauricio Romero
- Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center—Cenipalma, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Biology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Hernan Mauricio Romero,
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Identification of Key Genes during Ethylene-Induced Adventitious Root Development in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112981. [PMID: 36361778 PMCID: PMC9658848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene (ETH), as a key plant hormone, plays critical roles in various processes of plant growth and development. ETH has been reported to induce adventitious rooting. Moreover, our previous studies have shown that exogenous ETH may induce plant adventitious root development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). However, the key genes involved in this process are still unclear. To explore the key genes in ETH-induced adventitious root development, we employed a transcriptome technique and revealed 1415 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 687 DEGs up-regulated and 728 DEGs down-regulated. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, we further identified critical pathways that were involved in ETH-induced adventitious root development, including carbon metabolism (starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid biosynthesis, and fatty acid degradation), secondary metabolism (phenylalanine metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis) and plant hormone signal transduction. In carbon metabolism, ETH reduced the content of sucrose, glucose, starch, the activity of sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose–phosphate synthase (SPS) and hexokinase (HK), and the expressions of CsHK2, pyruvate kinase2 (CsPK2), and CsCYP86A1, whereas it enhanced the expressions of β-amylase 1 (CsBAM1) and β-amylase 3 (CsBAM3). In secondary metabolism, the transcript levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (CsPAL) and flavonoid 3′-monooxygenase (CsF3′M) were negatively regulated, and that of primary-amine oxidase (CsPAO) was positively regulated by ETH. Additionally, the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content and the expressions of auxin and ETH signaling transduction-related genes (auxin transporter-like protein 5 (CsLAX5), CsGH3.17, CsSUAR50, and CsERS) were suppressed, whereas the abscisic acid (ABA) content and the expressions of ABA and BR signaling transduction-related genes (CsPYL1, CsPYL5, CsPYL8, BRI1-associated kinase 1 (CsBAK1), and CsXTH3) were promoted by ETH. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of these genes were confirmed by real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). These results indicate that genes related to carbon metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and plant hormone signaling transduction are involved in ETH-induced adventitious root development. This work identified the key pathways and genes in ETH-induced adventitious rooting in cucumber, which may provide new insights into ETH-induced adventitious root development and will be useful for investigating the molecular roles of key genes in this process in further studies.
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Liao L, Li Y, Bi X, Xiong B, Wang X, Deng H, Zhang M, Sun G, Jin Z, Huang Z, Wang Z. Transcriptome analysis of Harumi tangor fruits: Insights into interstock-mediated fruit quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:995913. [PMID: 36311145 PMCID: PMC9608513 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.995913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Harumi tangor fruit with Ponkan as an interstock contains significantly higher levels of total soluble solids compared to Harumi tangor fruit cv.with no interstock. Transcriptome analysis of two graft combinations (Harumi/Hongjv (HP) and cv. cv.Harumi/Ponkan/Hongjv (HPP)) was conducted to identify the genes related to use of the Ponkan interstock. Soluble sugars and organic acids were also measured in the two graft combinations. The results showed that the contents of sucrose, glucose, and fructose were higher in the fruits of HPP than in those of HP; additionally, the titratable acid levels were lower in grafts with interstocks than in grafts without interstocks. Transcriptome analysis of HPP and HP citrus revealed that the interstock regulated auxin and ethylene signals, sugar and energy metabolism, and cell wall metabolism. Trend and Venn analyses suggested that genes related to carbohydrate-, energy-, and hormone-metabolic activities were more abundant in HPP plants than in HP plants during different periods. Moreover, weighted gene co-expression network analysis demonstrated that carbohydrates, hormones, cell wall, and transcription factors may be critical for interstock-mediated citrus fruit development and ripening. The contents of ethylene, auxin, cytokinin, transcription factors, starch, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and total sugar in HPP plants differed considerably than those in HP fruits. Interstocks may help to regulate the early ripening and quality of citrus fruit through the above-mentioned pathways. These findings provide information on the effects of interstock on plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyi Bi
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenghua Jin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zehao Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Zhou Z, Zheng S, Haq SIU, Zheng D, Qiu QS. Regulation of pollen tube growth by cellular pH and ions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 277:153792. [PMID: 35973258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tip growth of the pollen tube is a model system for the study of cell polarity establishment in flowering plants. The tip growth of the pollen tube displays an oscillating pattern corresponding to cellular ion and pH dynamics. Therefore, cellular pH and ions play an important role in pollen growth and development. In this review, we summarized the current advances in understanding the function of cellular pH and ions in regulating pollen tube growth. We analyzed the physiological roles and underlying mechanisms of cellular pH and ions, including Ca2+, K+, and Cl-, in regulating pollen tube growth. We further examined the function of Ca2+ in regulating cytoskeletons, small G proteins, and cell wall development in relation to pollen tube growth. We also examined the regulatory roles of cellular pH in pollen tube growth as well as pH regulation of ion flow, cell wall development, auxin signaling, and cytoskeleton function in pollen. In addition, we assessed the regulation of pollen tube growth by proton pumps and the maintenance of pH homeostasis in the trans-Golgi network by ion transporters. The interplay of ion homeostasis and pH dynamics was also assessed. We discussed the unanswered questions regarding pollen tube growth that need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China.
| | - Sheng Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Syed Inzimam Ul Haq
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China; College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China.
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Vignati E, Lipska M, Dunwell JM, Caccamo M, Simkin AJ. Options for the generation of seedless cherry, the ultimate snacking product. PLANTA 2022; 256:90. [PMID: 36171415 PMCID: PMC9519733 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript identifies cherry orthologues of genes implicated in the development of pericarpic fruit and pinpoints potential options and restrictions in the use of these targets for commercial exploitation of parthenocarpic cherry fruit. Cherry fruit contain a large stone and seed, making processing of the fruit laborious and consumption by the consumer challenging, inconvenient to eat 'on the move' and potentially dangerous for children. Availability of fruit lacking the stone and seed would be potentially transformative for the cherry industry, since such fruit would be easier to process and would increase consumer demand because of the potential reduction in costs. This review will explore the background of seedless fruit, in the context of the ambition to produce the first seedless cherry, carry out an in-depth analysis of the current literature around parthenocarpy in fruit, and discuss the available technology and potential for producing seedless cherry fruit as an 'ultimate snacking product' for the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Vignati
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Marzena Lipska
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Jim M Dunwell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Mario Caccamo
- NIAB, Cambridge Crop Research, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK.
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK.
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Hormonal Signaling in the Progamic Phase of Fertilization in Plants. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pollen–pistil interaction is a basic process in the reproductive biology of flowering plants and has been the subject of intense fundamental research that has a pronounced practical value. The phytohormones ethylene (ET) and cytokinin (CK) together with other hormones such as auxin, gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and brassinosteroids (BRs) influence different stages of plant development and growth. Here, we mainly focus on the information about the ET and CK signaling in the progamic phase of fertilization. This signaling occurs during male gametophyte development, including tapetum (TAP) cell death, and pollen tube growth, including synergid programmed cell death (PCD) and self-incompatibility (SI)-induced PCD. ET joins the coordination of successive events in the developing anther, including the TAP development and cell death, anther dehiscence, microspore development, pollen grain maturation, and dehydration. Both ET and CK take part in the regulation of E. ET signaling accompanies adhesion, hydration, and germination of pollen grains in the stigma and growth of pollen tubes in style tissues. Thus, ET production may be implicated in the pollination signaling between organs accumulated in the stigma and transmitted to the style and ovary to ensure successful pollination. Some data suggest that ET and CK signaling are involved in S-RNase-based SI.
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12
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Saud S, Nguyen DB, Bhattarai RM, Matyakubov N, Nguyen VT, Ryu S, Jeon H, Kim SB, Mok YS. Plasma-catalytic ethylene removal by a ZSM-5 washcoat honeycomb monolith impregnated with palladium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:127843. [PMID: 34844801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effective removal of dilute ethylene in a novel honeycomb plasma reactor was investigated using a honeycomb catalyst (Pd/ZSM-5/monolith) sandwiched between two-perforated electrodes operating at ambient temperature. Herein, the dependence of catalyst performance on the binder fraction, catalyst preparation method, and catalyst loading was examined. Ethylene removal was carried out by a process comprising cycles of 30-min adsorption conjugated with 15-min plasma-catalytic oxidation. Interestingly, the performance of the cyclic process was superior to continuous plasma-catalytic oxidation and thermally activated catalyst in terms of energy conservation, i.e., ~36 compared to ~105 and ~300 J/L, respectively. Hence, the novel cyclic process can be considered advanced-oxidation technology that features room-temperature oxidation, offers low energy consumption, negligible hazardous by-products emissions such as NOx and O3. Moreover, the process operated under described conditions: low-pressure drop, ambient atmosphere, a mechanically stable system, and a simple reactor configuration, suggesting the practical applicability of this plasma process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirjana Saud
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc Ba Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Roshan Mangal Bhattarai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Nosir Matyakubov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Toan Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Ryu
- Plasma Technology Research Center, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Jeollabuk-do 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungwon Jeon
- Plasma Technology Research Center, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Jeollabuk-do 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bong Kim
- Plasma Technology Research Center, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Jeollabuk-do 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Mok
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Cebrián G, Iglesias-Moya J, Romero J, Martínez C, Garrido D, Jamilena M. The Ethylene Biosynthesis Gene CpACO1A: A New Player in the Regulation of Sex Determination and Female Flower Development in Cucurbita pepo. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:817922. [PMID: 35140733 PMCID: PMC8818733 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.817922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A methanesulfonate-generated mutant has been identified in Cucurbita pepo that alters sex determination. The mutation converts female into hermaphrodite flowers and disrupts the growth rate and maturation of petals and carpels, delaying female flower opening, and promoting the growth rate of ovaries and the parthenocarpic development of the fruit. Whole-genome resequencing allowed identification of the causal mutation of the phenotypes as a missense mutation in the coding region of CpACO1A, which encodes for a type I ACO enzyme that shares a high identity with Cucumis sativus CsACO3 and Cucumis melo CmACO1. The so-called aco1a reduced ACO1 activity and ethylene production in the different organs where the gene is expressed, and reduced ethylene sensitivity in flowers. Other sex-determining genes, such as CpACO2B, CpACS11A, and CpACS27A, were differentially expressed in the mutant, indicating that ethylene provided by CpACO1A but also the transcriptional regulation of CpACO1A, CpACO2B, CpACS11A, and CpACS27A are responsible for determining the fate of the floral meristem toward a female flower, promoting the development of carpels and arresting the development of stamens. The positive regulation of ethylene on petal maturation and flower opening can be mediated by inducing the biosynthesis of JA, while its negative control on ovary growth and fruit set could be mediated by its repressive effect on IAA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cebrián
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Jessica Iglesias-Moya
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Jonathan Romero
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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14
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Althiab-Almasaud R, Sallanon H, Chang C, Chervin C. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulates tomato pollen tube growth independently of ethylene receptors. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:2291-2297. [PMID: 34609746 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene plays vital roles in plant development, including pollen tube (PT) growth. Many studies have used the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), as a tool to trigger ethylene signaling. Several studies have suggested that ACC can act as a signal molecule independently of ethylene, inducing responses that are distinct from those induced by ethylene. In this study, we confirmed that ethylene receptor function is essential for promoting PT growth in tomato, but interestingly, we discovered that ACC itself can act as a signal that also promotes PT growth. Exogenous ACC stimulated PT growth even when ethylene perception was inhibited either chemically by treating with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) or genetically by using the ethylene-insensitive Never Ripe (NR) mutant. Treatment with aminoethoxyvinylglycine, which reduces endogenous ACC levels, led to a reduction of PT growth, even in the NR mutants. Furthermore, GUS activity driven by an EIN3 Binding Site promoter (EBS:GUS transgene) was triggered by ACC in the presence of 1-MCP. Taken together, these results suggest that ACC signaling can bypass the ethylene receptor step to stimulate PT growth and EBS driven gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Althiab-Almasaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, GBF, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Huguette Sallanon
- Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
- Qualisud, Université d'Avignon, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Caren Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Christian Chervin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, GBF, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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15
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Gan Z, Yuan X, Shan N, Wan C, Chen C, Zhu L, Xu Y, Kai W, Zhai X, Chen J. AcERF1B and AcERF073 Positively Regulate Indole-3-acetic Acid Degradation by Activating AcGH3.1 Transcription during Postharvest Kiwifruit Ripening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13859-13870. [PMID: 34779211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene can accelerate the postharvest ripening process of kiwifruit, while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) delays it. However, the molecular mechanism by which ethylene regulates IAA degradation is unclear. Here, we found that ethephon promotes the degradation of free IAA in kiwifruit. Furthermore, ethylene can promote the expression of AcGH3.1 and enhance its promoter activity. Two ethylene response factors (ERFs), AcERF1B and AcERF073, were obtained using an AcGH3.1 promoter as bait for a yeast one-hybrid screening library. Both AcERF1B and AcERF073 bind to the AcGH3.1 promoter to activate it. Also, AcERF1B/073 enhanced AcGH3.1 expression, decreased the free IAA content, and increased the IAA-Asp content in kiwifruit. In addition, we found that the AcERF1B and AcERF073 proteins directly interact, and this interaction enhanced their binding to the AcGH3.1 promoter. In summary, our results suggest that AcERF1B and AcERF073 positively regulate IAA degradation by activating AcGH3.1 transcription, which accelerated postharvest kiwifruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Gan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Liqin Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yunhe Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenbin Kai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiawan Zhai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 330075, China
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16
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Effects of Pollination Interventions, Plant Age and Source on Hormonal Patterns and Fruit Set of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Date palm is widely propagated through conventional offshoots. It is also produced through a tissue culture technique due to the limited number of offshoots produced throughout the course of a palm’s life. Being dioecious, it is a cross-pollinated tree that can be naturally or artificially pollinated. Tissue-cultured plants often have abnormal epigenetic or genetic changes that affect specific phenotypic characteristics. The growth of parthenocarpic fruits in date palms is mostly induced by hormonal imbalances in certain tissues. The major hormones in parthenocarpic fruits are auxins (IAA), gibberellins (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA). Parthenocarpic, or abnormal fruit development, is an undesirable trait for date palm growers since it drastically reduces farm income. The current study was therefore conducted over two seasons to confirm previous observations and included conventional offshoot-derived trees (CO) and tissue culture-derived ones (TC) of the cultivar Barhee. According to the observed ratio of the fruiting abnormalities, two date palm tree ages were selected, i.e., 6 and 13 years. Two pollination interventions were used: pollination of naturally open female spathes (NOP) and pollination of forced open female spathes (FOP). Plant hormones, IAA, GA3, and ABA were identified just before pollination and at specific intervals after pollination for up to 85 days. The ratio of the abnormal fruit set was identified 5 days after pollination. Significant differences were observed in hormonal levels between tree ages as well as between tree propagation sources. Young TC trees (6-year-old) had high abnormal fruit sets compared to CO date palm trees that were the same age. During the early fruit growth and development phases, CO date palms had much higher amounts of IAA and GA3 than TC date palms. However, ABA concentrations were surprisingly higher in the TC trees during the early fruit growth stages, while it immediately decreased after pollination in the CO date palms. The ratio of abnormal fruits was significantly reduced in the 13-year-old TC date palms, and no differences were observed compared to the CO ones. The levels of IAA, GA3, and ABA hormones in both young and old date palms derived through CO or TC followed similar patterns. The critical observations regarding the ABA pattern in the old TC date palms (13-year-old) gradually dropped after pollination, which was identical to the CO ones, whereas it was the opposite in the young 6-year-old TC date palm plants.
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17
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Mazzoni-Putman SM, Brumos J, Zhao C, Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. Auxin Interactions with Other Hormones in Plant Development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a039990. [PMID: 33903155 PMCID: PMC8485746 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial growth regulator that governs plant development and responses to environmental perturbations. It functions at the heart of many developmental processes, from embryogenesis to organ senescence, and is key to plant interactions with the environment, including responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. As remarkable as auxin is, it does not act alone, but rather solicits the help of, or is solicited by, other endogenous signals, including the plant hormones abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellic acid, jasmonates, salicylic acid, and strigolactones. The interactions between auxin and other hormones occur at multiple levels: hormones regulate one another's synthesis, transport, and/or response; hormone-specific transcriptional regulators for different pathways physically interact and/or converge on common target genes; etc. However, our understanding of this crosstalk is still fragmentary, with only a few pieces of the gigantic puzzle firmly established. In this review, we provide a glimpse into the complexity of hormone interactions that involve auxin, underscoring how patchy our current understanding is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serina M Mazzoni-Putman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Javier Brumos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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18
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Hidvégi N, Gulyás A, Teixeira da Silva JA, Wicaksono A, Kiss E. Promoter analysis of the SPATULA (FvSPT) and SPIRAL (FvSPR) genes in the woodland diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.). Biol Futur 2021; 72:373-384. [PMID: 34554560 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify transcription factor (TF) binding sites and cis-regulatory elements (CREs) on the promoters of FvSPR1-like2 (SPIRAL) and FvSPT (SPATULA) genes in the woodland diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.). We identified: (1) MYB59, WRKY25 and WRKY8 TFs which play a role in ethylene signaling; (2) ARF family of TFs which play a role in ARF-mediated auxin signaling on the promoter of FvSPR1-like2 gene; (3) ARR family of TFs which play a role in cytokinin signaling; (4) ERF family of TFs which play a role in ethylene signaling on the promoter of FvSPT. This bioinformatic analysis of TFs and CREs may provide a better understanding of the function of genes involved in, and the mechanism underlying, non-climateric ripening during strawberry fruit maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Hidvégi
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Gulyás
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary
| | - Jaime A Teixeira da Silva
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.,Independent Researcher, Miki-cho post office, Ikenobe 3011-2, P. O. Box 7, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799, Japan
| | - Adhityo Wicaksono
- Division of Biotechnology, Generasi Biologi Indonesia Foundation, Jl. Swadaya Barat no. 4, Gresik Regency, 61171, Indonesia
| | - Erzsébet Kiss
- Institute of Genetics, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
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19
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Althiab-Almasaud R, Chen Y, Maza E, Djari A, Frasse P, Mollet JC, Mazars C, Jamet E, Chervin C. Ethylene signaling modulates tomato pollen tube growth through modifications of cell wall remodeling and calcium gradient. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:893-908. [PMID: 34036648 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene modulates plant developmental processes including flower development. Previous studies have suggested ethylene participates in pollen tube (PT) elongation, and both ethylene production and perception seem critical at the time of fertilization. The full gene set regulated by ethylene during PT growth is unknown. To study this, we used various EThylene Receptor (ETR) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutants: etr3-ko, a loss-of-function (LOF) mutant; and NR (NEVER RIPE), a gain-of-function (GOF) mutant. The etr3-ko PTs grew faster than wild-type (WT) PTs. Oppositely, NR PT elongation was slower than in WT, and PTs displayed larger diameters. ETR mutations result in feedback control of ethylene production. Furthermore, ethylene treatment of germinating pollen grains increased PT length in etr-ko mutants and WT, but not in NR. Treatment with the ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene decreased PT length in etr-ko mutants and WT, but had no effect on NR. This confirmed that ethylene regulates PT growth. The comparison of PT transcriptomes in LOF and GOF mutants, etr3-ko and NR, both harboring mutations of the ETR3 gene, revealed that ethylene perception has major impacts on cell wall- and calcium-related genes as confirmed by microscopic observations showing a modified distribution of the methylesterified homogalacturonan pectic motif and of calcium load. Our results establish links between PT growth, ethylene, calcium, and cell wall metabolism, and also constitute a transcriptomic resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Althiab-Almasaud
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse INP-ENSAT, INRAE, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Yi Chen
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse INP-ENSAT, INRAE, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Elie Maza
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse INP-ENSAT, INRAE, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Anis Djari
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse INP-ENSAT, INRAE, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Pierre Frasse
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse INP-ENSAT, INRAE, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, SFR NORVEGE, Innovation Chimie Carnot, Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Rouen, France
| | - Christian Mazars
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Christian Chervin
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse INP-ENSAT, INRAE, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
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20
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Lombardo F, Gramazio P, Ezura H. Increase in Phloem Area in the Tomato hawaiian skirt Mutant Is Associated with Enhanced Sugar Transport. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060932. [PMID: 34207298 PMCID: PMC8234570 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The HAWAIIAN SKIRT (HWS) gene has been described in Arabidopsis, rice, tomato and poplar where it seems to perform distinct functions with relatively little overlap. In tomato, alteration of the gene function confers facultative parthenocarpy, thought to be a consequence of changes in the microRNA metabolism. In the rice mutant, improvement in panicle architecture is associated with an increase in grain yield. Knowing that hws tomato fruits show a higher Brix level, it was suspected that vascular bundles might also be altered in this species, in a similar fashion to the rice phenotype. The pedicel structure of the hws-1 line was therefore examined under the microscope and sugar concentrations from phloem exudate were determined in an enzymatic assay. A distinct increase in the phloem area was observed as well as a higher sugar content in mutant phloem exudates, which is hypothesized to contribute to the high Brix level in the mutant fruits. Furthermore, the described phenotype in this study bridges the gap between Arabidopsis and rice phenotypes, suggesting that the modulation of the microRNA metabolism by HWS influences traits of agricultural interest across several species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lombardo
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pietro Gramazio
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
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21
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DNA methylation: from model plants to vegetable crops. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1479-1487. [PMID: 34060587 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a subgroup of horticultural crops, vegetable food is a kind of indispensable energy source for human beings, providing necessary nutritional components including vitamins, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and active substances such as carotenoids and flavonoids. The developmental process of vegetable crops is not only regulated by environmental stimulations, but also manipulated by both genetic and epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic modifications are composed by several regulatory mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs. Among these modifications, DNA methylation functions in multiple biological pathways ranging from fundamental development to environmental stimulations by mediating transcriptomic alterations, resulting in the activation or silencing of target genes. In recent years, intensive studies have revealed that DNA methylation is essential to fruit development and ripening, indicating that the epigenome of fruit crops could be dynamically modified according to the specific requirements in the commercial production. Firstly, this review will present the mechanisms of DNA methylation, and update the understanding on active DNA demethylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Secondly, this review will summarize the recent progress on the function of DNA methylation in regulating fruit ripening. Moreover, the possible functions of DNA methylation on controlling the expansion of edible organs, senescence of leafy vegetables, and anthocyanin pigmentation in several important vegetable crops will be discussed. Finally, this review will highlight the intractable issues that need to be resolved in the application of epigenome in vegetable crops, and provide perspectives for the potential challenges in the further studies.
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22
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An C, Gao Y. Essential Roles of the Linker Sequence Between Tetratricopeptide Repeat Motifs of Ethylene Overproduction 1 in Ethylene Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:657300. [PMID: 33936142 PMCID: PMC8081955 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.657300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene Overproduction 1 (ETO1) is a negative regulator of ethylene biosynthesis. However, the regulation mechanism of ETO1 remains largely unclear. Here, a novel eto1 allele (eto1-16) was isolated with typical triple phenotypes due to an amino acid substitution of G480C in the uncharacterized linker sequence between the TPR1 and TPR2 motifs. Further genetic and biochemical experiments confirmed the eto1-16 mutation site. Sequence analysis revealed that G480 is conserved not only in two paralogs, EOL1 and EOL2, in Arabidopsis, but also in the homologous protein in other species. The glycine mutations (eto1-11, eto1-12, and eto1-16) do not influence the mRNA abundance of ETO1, which is reflected by the mRNA secondary structure similar to that of WT. According to the protein-protein interaction analysis, the abnormal root phenotype of eto1-16 might be caused by the disruption of the interaction with type 2 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthases (ACSs) proteins. Overall, these data suggest that the linker sequence between tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs and the glycine in TPR motifs or the linker region are essential for ETO1 to bind with downstream mediators, which strengthens our knowledge of ETO1 regulation in balancing ACSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjing An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Fenn MA, Giovannoni JJ. Phytohormones in fruit development and maturation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:446-458. [PMID: 33274492 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are integral to the regulation of fruit development and maturation. This review expands upon current understanding of the relationship between hormone signaling and fruit development, emphasizing fleshy fruit and highlighting recent work in the model crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and additional species. Fruit development comprises fruit set initiation, growth, and maturation and ripening. Fruit set transpires after fertilization and is associated with auxin and gibberellic acid (GA) signaling. Interaction between auxin and GAs, as well as other phytohormones, is mediated by auxin-responsive Aux/IAA and ARF proteins. Fruit growth consists of cell division and expansion, the former shown to be influenced by auxin signaling. While regulation of cell expansion is less thoroughly understood, evidence indicates synergistic regulation via both auxin and GAs, with input from additional hormones. Fruit maturation, a transitional phase that precipitates ripening, occurs when auxin and GA levels subside with a concurrent rise in abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene. During fruit ripening, ethylene plays a clear role in climacteric fruits, whereas non-climacteric ripening is generally associated with ABA. Recent evidence indicates varying requirements for both hormones within both ripening physiologies, suggesting rebalancing and specification of roles for common regulators rather than reliance upon one. Numerous recent discoveries pertaining to the molecular basis of hormonal activity and crosstalk are discussed, while we also note that many questions remain such as the molecular basis of additional hormonal activities, the role of epigenome changes, and how prior discoveries translate to the plethora of angiosperm species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Fenn
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - James J Giovannoni
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service and Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University campus, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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How Hormones and MADS-Box Transcription Factors Are Involved in Controlling Fruit Set and Parthenocarpy in Tomato. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121441. [PMID: 33265980 PMCID: PMC7760363 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit set is the earliest phase of fruit growth and represents the onset of ovary growth after successful fertilization. In parthenocarpy, fruit formation is less affected by environmental factors because it occurs in the absence of pollination and fertilization, making parthenocarpy a highly desired agronomic trait. Elucidating the genetic program controlling parthenocarpy, and more generally fruit set, may have important implications in agriculture, considering the need for crops to be adaptable to climate changes. Several phytohormones play an important role in the transition from flower to fruit. Further complexity emerges from functional analysis of floral homeotic genes. Some homeotic MADS-box genes are implicated in fruit growth and development, displaying an expression pattern commonly observed for ovary growth repressors. Here, we provide an overview of recent discoveries on the molecular regulatory gene network underlying fruit set in tomato, the model organism for fleshy fruit development due to the many genetic and genomic resources available. We describe how the genetic modification of components of this network can cause parthenocarpy, discussing the contribution of hormonal signals and MADS-box transcription factors.
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Silver Can Induce Oxidative Stress in Parallel to Other Chemical Elicitors to Modulate the Ripening of Chili Cultivars. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020238. [PMID: 32059591 PMCID: PMC7076538 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Two chili cultivars, i.e., cv. Bullet and cv. Tejaswini, were evaluated on postharvest related ripening characteristics with varying durations under hydrogen peroxide, putrescine and silver treatments. The reducing sugar was inversely related to the maximum values at 7 days of ripening. Silver and putrescine were the most regulatory in terms of changing of the total carbohydrate content as compared to hydrolysis of the total reducing sugar. Regarding pectin methylesterase activity, both chilies were consistent, regardless of the number of days of incubation. Still, putrescine and silver were significant contributors to variations in cv. Bullet and cv. Tejaswani. For the pigment content, lycopene and chlorophyll increased in a linear manner, although these treatments significantly varied over time. Hydrogen peroxide and putrescine were responsible for the maximum accumulation of lycopene for both the cultivars, whereas, only cv. Tejaswani displayed maximum carotenoid for putrescine. Silver for both chili varieties was the most inhibitory for lycopene and carotenoid content. Superoxide had a good impact on the accumulation of lipid peroxides, irrespective of the chili variety. The maximum accumulation of lipid peroxide was recorded at seven days of treatment. Phenolics and flavonoids were in decreasing order for both the chili varieties, progressing through the days of the study period in a similar manner. Silver was the main contributor to variations in the phenolics and flavonoid contents in cv. Tejaswani. The solubilization of total carbohydrate into reducing sugar was in an inverse relationship, with the maximum values being reached at 7 days of ripening.
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Bonini P, Rouphael Y, Miras-Moreno B, Lee B, Cardarelli M, Erice G, Cirino V, Lucini L, Colla G. A Microbial-Based Biostimulant Enhances Sweet Pepper Performance by Metabolic Reprogramming of Phytohormone Profile and Secondary Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:567388. [PMID: 33224160 PMCID: PMC7674627 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.567388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbial-based biostimulants can improve crop productivity by modulating cell metabolic pathways including hormonal balance. However, little is known about the microbial-mediated molecular changes causing yield increase. The present study elucidates the metabolomic modulation occurring in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves at the vegetative and reproductive phenological stages, in response to microbial-based biostimulants. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizoglomus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae, as well as Trichoderma koningii, were used in this work. The application of endophytic fungi significantly increased total fruit yield by 23.7% compared to that of untreated plants. Multivariate statistics indicated that the biostimulant treatment substantially altered the shape of the metabolic profile of pepper. Compared to the untreated control, the plants treated with microbial biostimulants presented with modified gibberellin, auxin, and cytokinin patterns. The biostimulant treatment also induced secondary metabolism and caused carotenoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds to accumulate in the plants. Differential metabolomic signatures indicated diverse and concerted biochemical responses in the plants following the colonization of their roots by beneficial microorganisms. The above findings demonstrated a clear link between microbial-mediated yield increase and a strong up-regulation of hormonal and secondary metabolic pathways associated with growth stimulation and crop defense to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bonini
- Next Generation Agronomics Laboratory (NGAlab), La Riera de Gaia, Tarragona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Paolo Bonini,
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Byungha Lee
- Next Generation Agronomics Laboratory (NGAlab), La Riera de Gaia, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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