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Martínez‐Arias C, Witzell J, Solla A, Martin JA, Rodríguez‐Calcerrada J. Beneficial and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions during flooding stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2875-2897. [PMID: 35864739 PMCID: PMC9543564 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The number and intensity of flood events will likely increase in the future, raising the risk of flooding stress in terrestrial plants. Understanding flood effects on plant physiology and plant-associated microbes is key to alleviate flooding stress in sensitive species and ecosystems. Reduced oxygen supply is the main constrain to the plant and its associated microbiome. Hypoxic conditions hamper root aerobic respiration and, consequently, hydraulic conductance, nutrient uptake, and plant growth and development. Hypoxia favours the presence of anaerobic microbes in the rhizosphere and roots with potential negative effects to the plant due to their pathogenic behaviour or their soil denitrification ability. Moreover, plant physiological and metabolic changes induced by flooding stress may also cause dysbiotic changes in endosphere and rhizosphere microbial composition. The negative effects of flooding stress on the holobiont (i.e., the host plant and its associated microbiome) can be mitigated once the plant displays adaptive responses to increase oxygen uptake. Stress relief could also arise from the positive effect of certain beneficial microbes, such as mycorrhiza or dark septate endophytes. More research is needed to explore the spiralling, feedback flood responses of plant and microbes if we want to promote plant flood tolerance from a holobiont perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Martínez‐Arias
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio NaturalUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Johanna Witzell
- Department of Forestry and Wood TechnologyLinnaeus UniversityVäxjöSweden
| | - Alejandro Solla
- Faculty of Forestry, Institute for Dehesa Research (INDEHESA)Universidad de ExtremaduraPlasenciaSpain
| | - Juan Antonio Martin
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio NaturalUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez‐Calcerrada
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio NaturalUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
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Chen H, Chen J, Qi Y, Chu S, Ma Y, Xu L, Lv S, Zhang H, Yang D, Zhu Y, Mans DR, Liang Z. Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 194:113021. [PMID: 34826795 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional medicinal plant mainly used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease treatment. Tanshinones are the main bioactive constituents of S. miltiorrhiza, which mainly accumulate around its root periderm tissue. Endophytic fungi are important bioelicitors or probiotics that can promote the accumulation of secondary metabolites and sustainable cultivation of medicinal plants. Among them, endophytic Cladosporium spp., possessing a variety of biotransformation and metabolic abilities, is an ideal elicitor source. Here, we used a gnotobiotic system to investigate the effects of the endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11 on tanshinone biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza roots. The results showed that C. tenuissimum DF11 mainly colonizes the intercellular space of the root tissues and promotes tanshinone biosynthesis and accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza roots by upregulating the expression of the genes encoding for key enzymes HMGR, DXS, DXR, GGPPS, CPS, KSL and CYP76AH1 of the tanshinone biosynthesis pathway. The expression levels of almost all genes encoding for key enzymes reached the response peak in the first or second week after DF11 colonization. Taken together, the endophytic fungus C. tenuissimum DF11 could promote secondary metabolite accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza roots. These results indicate that DF11 will be a potential biofertilizer fungus to regulate and stabilize the quality of cultivated S. miltiorrhiza medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyuan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linna Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Dennis Ra Mans
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Kacprzyk J, Burke R, Schwarze J, McCabe PF. Plant programmed cell death meets auxin signalling. FEBS J 2021; 289:1731-1745. [PMID: 34543510 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Both auxin signalling and programmed cell death (PCD) are essential components of a normally functioning plant. Auxin underpins plant growth and development, as well as regulating plant defences against environmental stresses. PCD, a genetically controlled pathway for selective elimination of redundant, damaged or infected cells, is also a key element of many developmental processes and stress response mechanisms in plants. An increasing body of evidence suggests that auxin signalling and PCD regulation are often connected. While generally auxin appears to suppress cell death, it has also been shown to promote PCD events, most likely via stimulation of ethylene biosynthesis. Intriguingly, certain cells undergoing PCD have also been suggested to control the distribution of auxin in plant tissues, by either releasing a burst of auxin or creating an anatomical barrier to auxin transport and distribution. These recent findings indicate novel roles of localized PCD events in the context of plant development such as control of root architecture, or tissue regeneration following injury, and suggest exciting possibilities for incorporation of this knowledge into crop improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kacprzyk
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rory Burke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johanna Schwarze
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul F McCabe
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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