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Danaeipour R, Sharifi M, Noori A. Responses to lead stress in Scrophularia striata: insights into antioxidative defence mechanisms and changes in flavonoids profile. Funct Plant Biol 2024; 51:FP23236. [PMID: 38648371 DOI: 10.1071/fp23236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) induces oxidative stress in plants, which results in different responses, including the production of antioxidants and changes in the profile of secondary metabolites. In this study, the responses of Scrophularia striata exposed to 250mgL-1 Pb (NO3 )2 in a hydroponic environment were determined. Growth parameters, oxidative and antioxidative responses, redox status, and the concentration of Pb were analysed in roots and shoots. Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) levels in the roots were significantly increased and reached their highest value at 72h after Pb treatment. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, as an enzymatic antioxidant system, were responsible for reactive oxygen species scavenging, where their activities were increased in the shoot and root of Pb-treated plants. Enzymatic antioxidant activities were probably not enough to remove a significant H2 O2 content in response to Pb treatment. Therefore, other defence responses were activated. The results stated that the flavonoid components of S. striata progressed towards the increase of isoflavone, flavanol, and stilbenoid contents under Pb treatment. In general, S. striata stimulates the enzymatic defence system and activates the non-enzymatic system by modulating the profile of flavonoids toward the production of flavonoids with high antioxidant activity, such as quercetin and myricetin in response to Pb stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Danaeipour
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharifi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; and Center for International Scientific Studies and Collaborations (CISSC), Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Noori
- Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA 01845, USA
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Zhao M, Li J, Zhou S, Li K, Niu L, Zhao L, Xu D. Analysis of the effects of sulfamethoxazole on the secondary metabolites and antioxidants in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and the underlying mechanisms. Sci Total Environ 2023; 902:165768. [PMID: 37516166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The secondary metabolism of plants is key for mediating responses to environmental stress, but few studies have examined how the relationship between secondary metabolism and the stress response of plants is affected by exposure to antibiotics. Here, we studied the effects of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) on the secondary metabolism and antioxidant activity of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). SMZ significantly affected the growth of rape seedlings. Low and high concentrations of SMZ induced the production of a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rape seedlings, which damaged cells. SMZ stress altered the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). SMZ promoted the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumaric acid: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) by activating the phenylpropanoid pathway. The content of secondary metabolites changed. The content of phenolic acids and flavonoids increased, and the content of sinapine and anthocyanins was altered to cope with the oxidative damage induced by antibiotics. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis showed that differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed metabolites were mainly involved in Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. SMZ alters the secondary metabolites of rapeseed, which mitigates the deleterious effects of stress, by modulating upstream secondary metabolism pathways and the production of plant hormones involved in signal transduction. In sum, these results provide a new perspective on the effects of SMZ on plants relative to secondary metabolites and improve our understanding of the toxicity of SMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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Sagharyan M, Sharifi M, Samari E. Methyl jasmonate redirects the dynamics of carbohydrates and amino acids toward the lignans accumulation in Linum album cells. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 198:107677. [PMID: 37086692 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Linum album accumulates lignans e.g., podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and 6-methoxy podophyllotoxin (6MPTOX). This study was aimed to figure out how different concentrations of MeJA (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM) by affecting on free sugars and amino acids contents induce lignans accumulation in L. album cells. Results revealed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content increased at 50μM, while it decreased at the high levels of MeJA (150 and 200 μM). Also, increasing trend of nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation levels peaked at 200 μM MeJA. An increased antioxidant enzymes activity was also observed in the treated cells. Moreover, an increase in rhamnose/xylose, glucose, and mannose was detected at 150 and 200 μM MeJA compared to the control. These compounds provide energy source and carbon skeleton for amino acids biosynthesis. Our results emphasized variations in amino acids levels in the presence of MeJA, where Phe level shifts along with synthesizing phenolics. Likewise, MeJA treatment switch on phenyl-ammonia lyase (PAL) and tyrosine-ammonia lyase (TAL) activities that regenerate phenolic compounds. Changes in phenolic acids (cinnamic, coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, and salicylic acid) and flavonoids (catechin, vitexin, myricetin, and kaempferol) were observed under MeJA treatment. Eventually, MeJA induced lignans production except for lariciresinol (LARI), so that the highest amounts of PTOX and 6MPTOX were analyzed at 50 μM, which were 4 and 5 time of control, respectively. Conclusively, it can be suggested that MeJA-induced oxidative status change redirects free sugars and amino acids toward the production of phenolic compounds especially lignans in L. album cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Sagharyan
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharifi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Center of Excellence in Medicinal Plant Metabolites, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elaheh Samari
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Esmaeili S, Sharifi M, Ghanati F, Soltani BM, Samari E, Sagharyan M. Exogenous melatonin induces phenolic compounds production in Linum album cells by altering nitric oxide and salicylic acid. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4158. [PMID: 36914704 PMCID: PMC10011386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that can influence various aspects of plant performance. Recent studies have exhibited that it mediates plant defensive responses, probably through managing redox homeostasis. We tried to track the regulatory effects of melatonin on the antioxidant machinery of Linum album cell culture. To this, different concentrations of melatonin were applied, and the oxidative status of cells was investigated by measuring the levels of oxidative molecules and antioxidant agents. The results showed that H2O2 content did not change at the low melatonin levels, while it increased at the high concentrations. It can be correlated with the low melatonin dosages capacity to remove excessive amounts of H2O2, while the high melatonin dosages exhibit toxicity effects. In contrast, the NO enhancement occurred at 50 μM melatonin, proposing its role in triggering melatonin-induced defensive responses. The MDA results stated that NO led to oxidative stress in melatonin-treated cells at 50 μM melatonin. Antioxidant enzyme POD was activated by melatonin treatment, while SOD enzyme behaved reversely which can explain the changes in the H2O2 level. In addition, the analysis of the phenolics profile showed that the contents of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and lignans enhanced following an increase in PAL enzyme activity. The increased level of phenolic hormone SA can indicate that melatonin affects the defensive responses in L. album cells through a SA-dependent pathway. In general, it seems that melatonin, by modulating NO and SA levels, can induce the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the production of phenolics, especially lignans, in L. album cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Esmaeili
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharifi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. .,Center of Excellence in Medicinal Plant Metabolites, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Center of Excellence in Medicinal Plant Metabolites, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram M Soltani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Samari
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sagharyan
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Bavi K, Khavari-nejad RA, Najafi F, Ghanati F. Phenolics and terpenoids change in response to yeast extract and chitosan elicitation in Zataria multiflora cell suspension culture. 3 Biotech 2022; 12. [PMID: 35822153 PMCID: PMC9271148 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Zataria multiflora is an important medicinal plant with antioxidant and anticancer properties attributed to its phytochemicals. To develop a method for bulk production of valuable phytochemicals, cell suspension culture of Z. multiflora were grown in liquid B5 medium and then treated in their log growth phase with chitosan (0, 10, 20, and 40 mg L-1) and yeast extract (0, 400, 800, and 1200 mg L-1) for 3 days. The levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the main terpenoids and phenylpropanoids in the cell extracts were determined by HPLC and spectrophotometric techniques. The H2O2 and MDA levels significantly increased in the cells treated with both yeast extract and chitosan, while the NO level increased in those exposed to yeast extract. At their highest concentrations, both elicitors significantly increased PAL and TAL activities, as well as phenolic acids and flavonoids contents. Chitosan only induced the production of caffeic acid (22 µg g-1 DW), benzoic acid (2 µg g-1 DW), 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (6 µg g-1 DW), epicatechin (63 µg g-1 DW), and apigenin (5 µg g-1 DW) in the cells, while yeast extract increased the contents of phenylpropanoids gallic acid (50 µg g-1 DW), vanillin (35 µg g-1 DW), salicylic acid (24 µg g-1 DW), catechin (130 µg g-1 DW) and terpenoids carvacrol (7 µg g-1 DW) and thymol (24 µg g-1 DW). In conclusion, changes in the production of phenolics and terpenoids are a defensive mechanism in Z. multiflora cells treated by yeast extract and chitosan. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03235-x.
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