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Liu X, Miceli JF, Patton S, Murray M, Evans J, Wei X, Wang P. Agrobacterial Transformation Enhancement by Improved Competent Cell Preparation and Optimized Electroporation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2217. [PMID: 38004357 PMCID: PMC10671908 DOI: 10.3390/life13112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of plasmids into Agrobacterium cells is one of the key steps in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plants for gene editing applications. Depending on chromosomal background, some Agrobacterium strains exhibit a very low transformation efficiency, which results in a low number of colonies for subsequent screening and thus limits the potential for automated high-throughput transformation processes, especially with low copy or large plasmids. This study demonstrates improvements of transformation frequency by modifying the competent cell preparation process and optimizing electroporation parameters for two Agrobacterium strains. The competent cell preparation process was modified by prolonging bacterial growth in the log phase and optimizing the endpoint cell density for cell harvest which resulted in a significant cell yield increase and transformation frequency improvement. Optimization of electroporation by fine-tuning the parameters not only resulted in a 30-fold transformation frequency increase but also revealed a strain-dependent requirement for field strength and electric pulse length. To further improve transformation of a recalcitrant strain, different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in recovery medium were examined. The study revealed an important role of DMSO in transformed cell recovery, with 5% DMSO resulting in the highest transformation frequency. The significant improvements in Agrobacterium transformation frequency addressed a critical bottleneck towards establishing a high throughput process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA (S.P.); (M.M.); (J.E.); (X.W.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pohao Wang
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA (S.P.); (M.M.); (J.E.); (X.W.)
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Jia Y, Huang C, Mao Y, Zhou S, Deng Y. Screening and Constructing a Library of Promoter-5'-UTR Complexes with Gradient Strength in Pediococcus acidilactici. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:1794-1803. [PMID: 37172276 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The GRAS (generally recognized as safe) strain Pediococcus acidilactici is well known for its antibacterial and probiotic functions. Furthermore, as P. acidilactici has excellent high temperature and salt resistance, it is an ideal host for the production of food enzymes, food additives, and pharmaceuticals. In this regard, it is desirable and feasible to enhance the production of these products through the metabolic engineering of P. acidilactici. However, the rare gene expression elements greatly obstruct the development of engineering P. acidilactici. In this study, we screened and constructed a library of promoter-5'-UTR (PUTR) complexes in P. acidilactici DY15 for regulating gene expression at the transcription and translation levels. In the post-log phase, the mRNA and protein expression level ranges of the 90 screened native PUTRs were 0.059-2010% and 0.77-245%, respectively, of the P32 promoter. Besides, several PUTRs exhibited great expression stability under high temperature, salt, and ethanol stress. We analyzed the structure of PUTRs and obtained the conserved regions of the promoter and 5'-UTR. Based on the identified core regions of PUTRs, we constructed a panel of combinatorial PUTRs with higher and stable protein expression levels. The strongest combinatorial PUTR was 853% of the P32 promoter in the protein expression level. Finally, the obtained PUTRs were applied to optimize the expression level of aminotransferase and improve the phenyllactic acid (PLA) production in P. acidilactici DY15. The achieved yield was 950.6 mg/L, which was 79.2% higher than the wild-type strain. These results indicated that the obtained PUTRs with gradient strength had great potential for precisely regulating gene expression to achieve various goals in P. acidilactici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yize Jia
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chao Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yin Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shenghu Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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3
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Chen B, Loo BZL, Cheng YY, Song P, Fan H, Latypov O, Kittelmann S. Genome-wide high-throughput signal peptide screening via plasmid pUC256E improves protease secretion in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:48. [PMID: 35021997 PMCID: PMC8756648 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteases catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds of proteins, thereby improving dietary protein digestibility, nutrient availability, as well as flavor and texture of fermented food and feed products. The lactobacilli Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) and Pediococcus acidilactici are widely used in food and feed fermentations due to their broad metabolic capabilities and safe use. However, extracellular protease activity in these two species is low. Here, we optimized protease expression and secretion in L. plantarum and P. acidilactici via a genetic engineering strategy. RESULTS To this end, we first developed a versatile and stable plasmid, pUC256E, which can propagate in both L. plantarum and P. acidilactici. We then confirmed expression and secretion of protease PepG1 as a functional enzyme in both strains with the aid of the previously described L. plantarum-derived signal peptide LP_0373. To further increase secretion of PepG1, we carried out a genome-wide experimental screening of signal peptide functionality. A total of 155 predicted signal peptides originating from L. plantarum and 110 predicted signal peptides from P. acidilactici were expressed and screened for extracellular proteolytic activity in the two different strains, respectively. We identified 12 L. plantarum signal peptides and eight P. acidilactici signal peptides that resulted in improved yield of secreted PepG1. No significant correlation was found between signal peptide sequence properties and its performance with PepG1. CONCLUSION The vector developed here provides a powerful tool for rapid experimental screening of signal peptides in both L. plantarum and P. acidilactici. Moreover, the set of novel signal peptides identified was widely distributed across strains of the same species and even across some closely related species. This indicates their potential applicability also for the secretion of other proteins of interest in other L. plantarum or P. acidilactici host strains. Our findings demonstrate that screening a library of homologous signal peptides is an attractive strategy to identify the optimal signal peptide for the target protein, resulting in improved protein export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Chen
- Wilmar International Limited, WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bryan Zong Lin Loo
- Wilmar International Limited, WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Ying Cheng
- Wilmar International Limited, WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peng Song
- Wilmar International Limited, Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Fan
- Wilmar International Limited, WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Present Address: Huan Fan, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Oleg Latypov
- Wilmar International Limited, WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sandra Kittelmann
- Wilmar International Limited, WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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4
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Wang C, Cui Y, Qu X. Optimization of electrotransformation (ETF) conditions in lactic acid bacteria (LAB). J Microbiol Methods 2020; 174:105944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Cho SW, Yim J, Seo SW. Engineering Tools for the Development of Recombinant Lactic Acid Bacteria. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900344. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro Gwanak‐gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Yim
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro Gwanak‐gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Seo
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro Gwanak‐gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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Kaur T, Balgir PP, Kaur B. Construction of a shuttle expression vector for lactic acid bacteria. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2019; 17:10. [PMID: 31736018 PMCID: PMC6859148 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-019-0013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria, which are widely distributed in various diverse natural habitats. These are used in a variety of industrial food fermentations and carry numerous traits with utmost relevance to the food industry. Genetic engineering has emerged as an effective means to improve and enhance the potential of commercially important bacterial strains. However, the biosafety of recombinant systems is an important concern during the implementation of such technologies on an industrial scale. In order to overcome this issue, cloning and expression systems have been developed preferably from fully characterized and annotated LAB plasmids encoding genes with known functions. Results The developed shuttle vector pPBT-GFP contains two theta-type replicons with a copy number of 4.4 and 2.8 in Pediococcus acidilactici MTCC 5101 and Lactobacillus brevis MTCC 1750, respectively. Antimicrobial “pediocin” produced by P. acidilactici MTCC 5101 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) of Aequorea victoria were successfully expressed as selectable markers. Heterologous bile salt hydrolase (BSH) from Lactobacillus fermentum NCDO 394 has been efficiently expressed in the host strains showing high specific activity of 126.12 ± 10.62 in P. acidilactici MTCC 5101 and 95.43 ± 4.26 in the case of L. brevis MTCC 1750, towards glycine-conjugated bile salts preferably as compared to taurine-conjugated salts. Conclusion The present article details the development of a LAB/LAB shuttle expression vector pPBT-GFP, capable of replication in LAB hosts, P. acidilactici MTCC 5101, and L. brevis MTCC 1750. Pediocin and GFP have been used as selectable markers with the efficient production of heterologous extracellular bile salt hydrolase. Thus, the constructed vector pPBT-GFP, with its ability to replicate in multiple hosts, low copy number, and stability in host cells, may serve as an ideal tool for improving LAB strains of commercial value using genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India.
| | - Praveen P Balgir
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Baljinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
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Interaction of a novel Bacillus velezensis (BvL03) against Aeromonas hydrophila in vitro and in vivo in grass carp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8987-8999. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Pérez-Ramos A, Mohedano ML, Pardo MÁ, López P. β-Glucan-Producing Pediococcus parvulus 2.6: Test of Probiotic and Immunomodulatory Properties in Zebrafish Models. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1684. [PMID: 30090096 PMCID: PMC6068264 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPS), which could benefit the host's health as immunomodulators. Furthermore, EPS could protect bacteria against gastrointestinal stress, favoring gut colonization, thus protecting the host against pathogenic infections. Pediococcus parvulus 2.6, produces a 2-substituted (1,3)-β-D-glucan and, in this work, its probiotic properties as well as the immunomodulatory capability of its EPS have been investigated using Danio rerio (zebrafish). To this end and for a comparative analysis, P. parvulus 2.6 and its isogenic β-glucan-non-producing 2.6NR strain were fluorescently labeled by transfer of the pRCR12 plasmid, which encodes the mCherry protein. For the in vivo studies, there were used: (i) a gnotobiotic larvae zebrafish model for bacterial colonization, pathogen competition, and evaluation of the β-glucan immunomodulation capability and (ii) a transgenic (mpx:GFP) zebrafish model to determine the EPS influence in the recruitment of neutrophils under an induced inflammation. The results revealed a positive effect of the β-glucan on colonization of the zebrafish gut by P. parvulus, as well as in competition of the bacterium with the pathogen Vibrio anguillarum in this environment. The larvae treatment with the purified β-glucan resulted in a decrease of expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the β-glucan had an anti-inflammatory effect, when it was evaluated in an induced inflammation model of Tg(mpx:GFP) zebrafish. Therefore, P. parvulus 2.6 and its EPS showed positive health properties in in vivo fish models, supporting their potential usage in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Pérez-Ramos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Gram-positive Bacteria, Department of Microorganisms and Plant Biotechnology, Biological Research Center, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria L. Mohedano
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Gram-positive Bacteria, Department of Microorganisms and Plant Biotechnology, Biological Research Center, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. Pardo
- Food Research Division, Centro Tecnológico de Investigación Marina y Alimentaria (AZTI), Derio, Spain
| | - Paloma López
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Gram-positive Bacteria, Department of Microorganisms and Plant Biotechnology, Biological Research Center, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Bosma EF, Forster J, Nielsen AT. Lactobacilli and pediococci as versatile cell factories - Evaluation of strain properties and genetic tools. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:419-442. [PMID: 28396124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses opportunities and bottlenecks for cell factory development of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), with an emphasis on lactobacilli and pediococci, their metabolism and genetic tools. In order to enable economically feasible bio-based production of chemicals and fuels in a biorefinery, the choice of product, substrate and production organism is important. Currently, the most frequently used production hosts include Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but promising examples are available of alternative hosts such as LAB. Particularly lactobacilli and pediococci can offer benefits such as thermotolerance, an extended substrate range and increased tolerance to stresses such as low pH or high alcohol concentrations. This review will evaluate the properties and metabolism of these organisms, and provide an overview of their current biotechnological applications and metabolic engineering. We substantiate the review by including experimental results from screening various lactobacilli and pediococci for transformability, growth temperature range and ability to grow under biotechnologically relevant stress conditions. Since availability of efficient genetic engineering tools is a crucial prerequisite for industrial strain development, genetic tool development is extensively discussed. A range of genetic tools exist for Lactococcus lactis, but for other species of LAB like lactobacilli and pediococci such tools are less well developed. Whereas lactobacilli and pediococci have a long history of use in food and beverage fermentation, their use as platform organisms for production purposes is rather new. By harnessing their properties such as thermotolerance and stress resistance, and by using emerging high-throughput genetic tools, these organisms are very promising as versatile cell factories for biorefinery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elleke F Bosma
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jochen Forster
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alex Toftgaard Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Rodríguez MC, Alegre MT, Martín MC, Mesas JM. The use of the replication region of plasmid pRS7 from Oenococcus oeni as a putative tool to generate cloning vectors for lactic acid bacteria. Plasmid 2014; 77:28-31. [PMID: 25479060 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A chimeric plasmid, pRS7Rep (6.1 kb), was constructed using the replication region of pRS7, a large plasmid from Oenococcus oeni, and pEM64, a plasmid derived from pIJ2925 and containing a gene for resistance to chloramphenicol. pRS7Rep is a shuttle vector that replicates in Escherichia coli using its pIJ2925 component and in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) using the replication region of pRS7. High levels of transformants per µg of DNA were obtained by electroporation of pRS7Rep into Pediococcus acidilactici (1.5 × 10(7)), Lactobacillus plantarum (5.7 × 10(5)), Lactobacillus casei (2.3 × 10(5)), Leuconostoc citreum (2.7 × 10(5)), and Enterococcus faecalis (2.4 × 10(5)). A preliminary optimisation of the technical conditions of electrotransformation showed that P. acidilactici and L. plantarum are better transformed at a later exponential phase of growth, whereas L. casei requires the early exponential phase for better electrotransformation efficiency. pRS7Rep contains single restriction sites useful for cloning purposes, BamHI, XbaI, SalI, HincII, SphI and PstI, and was maintained at an acceptable rate (>50%) over 100 generations without selective pressure in L. plantarum, but was less stable in L. casei and P. acidilactici. The ability of pRS7Rep to accept and express other genes was assessed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the replication region of a plasmid from O. oeni has been used to generate a cloning vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - M Teresa Alegre
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - M Cruz Martín
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan M Mesas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología (Área de Tecnología de Alimentos), Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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11
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Plasmid transformation of Weissella paramesenteroides DX by electroporation. Anaerobe 2014; 30:60-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Lu S, Nie Y, Tang YQ, Xiong G, Wu XL. A critical combination of operating parameters can significantly increase the electrotransformation efficiency of a gram-positive Dietzia strain. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 103:144-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Fermented Meat, Poultry, and Fish Products. Food Microbiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555818463.ch34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Pyne ME, Moo-Young M, Chung DA, Chou CP. Development of an electrotransformation protocol for genetic manipulation of Clostridium pasteurianum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:50. [PMID: 23570573 PMCID: PMC3658993 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing the production cost of, and increasing revenues from, industrial biofuels will greatly facilitate their proliferation and co-integration with fossil fuels. The cost of feedstock is the largest cost in most fermentation bioprocesses and therefore represents an important target for cost reduction. Meanwhile, the biorefinery concept advocates revenue growth through complete utilization of by-products generated during biofuel production. Taken together, the production of biofuels from low-cost crude glycerol, available in oversupply as a by-product of bioethanol production, in the form of thin stillage, and biodiesel production, embodies a remarkable opportunity to advance affordable biofuel development. However, few bacterial species possess the natural capacity to convert glycerol as a sole source of carbon and energy into value-added bioproducts. Of particular interest is the anaerobe Clostridium pasteurianum, the only microorganism known to convert glycerol alone directly into butanol, which currently holds immense promise as a high-energy biofuel and bulk chemical. Unfortunately, genetic and metabolic engineering of C. pasteurianum has been fundamentally impeded due to lack of an efficient method for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) transfer. RESULTS This work reports the development of an electrotransformation protocol permitting high-level DNA transfer to C. pasteurianum ATCC 6013 together with accompanying selection markers and vector components. The CpaAI restriction-modification system was found to be a major barrier to DNA delivery into C. pasteurianum which we overcame by in vivo methylation of the recognition site (5'-CGCG-3') using the M.FnuDII methyltransferase. With proper selection of the replication origin and antibiotic-resistance marker, we initially electroporated methylated DNA into C. pasteurianum at a low efficiency of 2.4 × 101 transformants μg-1 DNA by utilizing conditions common to other clostridial electroporations. Systematic investigation of various parameters involved in the cell growth, washing and pulse delivery, and outgrowth phases of the electrotransformation procedure significantly elevated the electrotransformation efficiency, up to 7.5 × 104 transformants μg-1 DNA, an increase of approximately three order of magnitude. Key factors affecting the electrotransformation efficiency include cell-wall-weakening using glycine, ethanol-mediated membrane solubilization, field strength of the electric pulse, and sucrose osmoprotection. CONCLUSIONS C. pasteurianum ATCC 6013 can be electrotransformed at a high efficiency using appropriately methylated plasmid DNA. The electrotransformation method and tools reported here should promote extensive genetic manipulation and metabolic engineering of this biotechnologically important bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Pyne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Murray Moo-Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Duane A Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centurion Biofuels, Corp., Rm. 5113 Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - C Perry Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Jin Q, Eom HJ, Jung J, Moon J, Kim J, Han N. Optimization of electrotransformation conditions for Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides ATCC8293. Lett Appl Microbiol 2012; 55:314-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2012.03300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Enhancing electro-transformation competency of recalcitrant Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by combining cell-wall weakening and cell-membrane fluidity disturbing. Anal Biochem 2010; 409:130-7. [PMID: 20951110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been a major workhorse for the production of a variety of commercially important enzymes and metabolites for the past decades. Some subspecies of this bacterium are recalcitrant to exogenous DNA, and transformation with plasmid DNA is usually less efficient, thereby limiting the genetic manipulation of the recalcitrant species. In this work, a methodology based on electro-transformation has been developed, in which the cells were grown in a semicomplex hypertonic medium, cell walls were weakened by adding glycine (Gly) and DL-threonine (DL-Thr), and the cell-membrane fluidity was elevated by supplementing Tween 80. After optimization of the cell-loosening recipe by response surface methodology (RSM), the transformation efficiency reached 1.13 ± 0.34 × 10(7) cfu/μg syngeneic pUB110 DNA in a low conductivity electroporation buffer. Moreover, by temporary heat inactivation of the host restriction enzyme, a transformation efficiency of 8.94 ± 0.77 × 10(5) cfu/μg DNA was achieved with xenogeneic shuttle plasmids, a 10(3)-fold increase compared to that reported previously. The optimized protocol was also applicable to other recalcitrant B. amyloliquefaciens strains used in this study. This work could shed light on the functional genomics and subsequent strain improvement of the recalcitrant Bacillus, which are difficult to be transformed using conventional methods.
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Methodologies to increase the transformation efficiencies and the range of bacteria that can be transformed. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:1301-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yoshida N, Sato M. Plasmid uptake by bacteria: a comparison of methods and efficiencies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:791-8. [PMID: 19471921 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability to introduce individual molecules of plasmid DNA into cells by transformation has been of central importance to the recent rapid advancement of plasmid biology and to the development of DNA cloning methods. Molecular genetic manipulation of bacteria requires the development of plasmid-mediated transformation systems that include (1) chemical transformation, (2) electro-transformation, (3) biolistic transformation, and (4) sonic transformation, leading to the introduction of exogenous plasmid DNA into bacterial cells. In this review, the manipulation properties and transformation efficiencies of these techniques are described. In addition to these methods, a conceptually novel transformation technique, namely the hydrogel exposure method, was developed. The hydrogel exposure method, based on the Yoshida effect, provides a significant advance over chemical means for transforming many strains of Escherichia coli and a variety of other bacterial species. The new term "tribos transformation" has been proposed for this novel technique. We also determined that, compared to conventional methods, the hydrogel exposure method is a novel and convenient method by which to transform bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen Kibanadai-Nishi, Japan.
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Teresa Alegre M, Carmen Rodríguez M, Mesas JM. Characterization of pRS5: A theta-type plasmid found in a strain of Pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from wine that can be used to generate cloning vectors for lactic acid bacteria. Plasmid 2009; 61:130-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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