A New Approach on the pain management of intramuscular injection: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Soothing venipuncture: Bubble blowing and ball squeezing in reducing anxiety, fear, and pain in children

PROBLEM

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of bubble-blowing and ball-squeezing interventions on children's levels of anxiety, fear, and pain during venipuncture procedures.

METHODS

This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. Out of 108 children aged 5-10 years, 72 were allocated to the two experimental groups, while 36 were assigned to the control group. The levels of anxiety, fear, and pain experienced by the children were assessed using the "Wong-Baker FACES® Pain Rating Scale," "Child Anxiety Scale-State," and "Child Fear Scale," respectively. Intergroup comparisons were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, while intragroup comparisons were conducted using Wilks' Lambda analysis.

FINDINGS

It was observed that 50% of the children in the control group, 47.2% in the bubble-blowing group, and 47.2% in the ball-queezing group did not receive information about the painful procedure. Anxiety, fear, and pain scores of all groups were statistically similar in the initial measurement without any intervention. Children in the bubble-blowing and ball-squeezing groups experienced lower anxiety, fear, and pain during and at the end of the painful procedures.

CONCLUSIONS

The study discovered that interventions involving bubble blowing and ball squeezing significantly decreased children's levels of anxiety, fear, and pain both during and after intravenous procedures. Information on procedures, alongside interactive techniques like bubble blowing and ball squeezing, helps pediatric nurses calm children, easing anxiety, fear, and pain. Implementing these strategies enhances treatment experiences and confidence in healthcare.

The effects of vibration and pressure interventions on children's pain, fear and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial

AIM

The effects of vibration and pressure methods on the level of fear, anxiety, and pain of pediatric patients who were admitted to the emergency department for intramuscular injection were evaluated.

METHODS

This was a parallel group and a randomized controlled study conducted in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 114 children aged between 5 and 10 years who presented to the emergency department to receive intramuscular ceftriaxone injection as part of their treatment. The children were randomized into three groups: Vibration Intervention Group (n = 38), Pressure Intervention Group (n = 38) and Control Group (n = 38). Before the procedure, the level of anxiety and fear of the children were evaluated, and the level of perceived pain during the procedure was immediately evaluated after the intervention. Parents and nurses also rated the level of pain. Data were analyzed with non-parametric tests using SPSS version 26.0.

RESULTS

According to the evaluations made by children, mothers, and nurses, there was a significant difference between pain scores of children in the vibration and pressure intervention groups during the procedure and children in the control group (p < 0.000). There was a significant difference between anxiety and fear scores of children in the vibration and pressure groups and children in the control group before and after the intervention according to the evaluations of the children, mothers, and nurses (p < 0.000).

CONCLUSION

Vibration and pressure interventions used during intramuscular injections administered to children in the emergency department were found to reduce pain, anxiety, and fear based on the evaluations of children, mothers, and nurses.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

Vibration and pressure are effective and useful in relieving pain associated with intramuscular injections in children aged between 5 and 10 years.

Production and validation of an educational video on the use of the Z-Track Technique

OBJECTIVE

to create and validate an educational video on intramuscular drug administration using the Z-track technique.

METHODS

the Delphi Technique was used to validate the script. PhDs in Nursing and PhDs in Social Communication with experience in the production of educational videos participated in the process. After editing, the video was validated by three nursing professors and assessed by students of the undergraduate nursing program at a public university.

RESULTS

the video was validated by the examiners with 100% agreement in three rounds for script validation and in two for video validation after editing. The duration of the video was 9 minutes.

CONCLUSION

after validation by the examiners, students assessed the video and considered it suitable for learning. We This video is expected to aid in the training of nursing professionals and the enhancement of patient care.

Tehnični dejavniki aplikacije intramuskularne injekcije

Uvod: Aplikacija intramuskularne injekcije predstavlja najpogosteje uporabljen način aplikacije injekcij. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti najnovejše ugotovitve s področja priprave vbodnega mesta in aplikacije intramuskularne injekcije.Metode: Izveden je bil sistematični pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature v mednarodnih podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, PubMed, The Cochrane Library ter ScienceDirect. Uporabili smo naslednje ključne besede: intramuscular injection, instramuscular vaccination, injection site, skin disinfection, injection technique. Pri iskanju smo uporabili tudi Boolove operatorje AND (IN) in OR (ALI). Iskanje literature je potekalo marca in aprila 2021. Za oceno kakovosti posameznih raziskav smo uporabili orodje Critical Appraisal Skills Programme.Rezultati: Izmed 4.208 identificiranih zadetkov je bilo v končno analizo vključenih 13 člankov. Ugotovitve smo združili v štiri vsebinske kategorije: (1) izbira vbodnega mesta, (2) tehnike intramuskularne injekcije, (3) razkuževanje vbodnega mesta, (4) aspiracija.Diskusija in zaključek: Med zaključki raziskav ni enotnega mnenja glede varne in strokovne aplikacije intramuskularne injekcije. Kot kažejo raziskave, je najprimernejše mesto aplikacije ventroglutealno področje. Razkuževanje vbodnega mesta pred aplikacijo v izvenbolnišničnem okolju ni potrebno, medtem ko je aspiracija priporočljiva zgolj na dorzoglutelnem mestu. Priporoča se aplikacija s tehniko trakcija kože – pritisk – hitro sproščanje mišic, z izbiro igle ob upoštevanju debeline podkožnega maščevja, mesta za aplikacijo in gostote zdravila. Potrebna bi bila izvedba dodatnih raziskav, s katerimi bi lahko oblikovali priporočila za optimalno tehniko intramuskularne injekcije.