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Saxena I, Ejaz SM, Gupta A. Synthesis characterization and application of butyl acrylate mediated eco-friendly silver nanoparticles using ultrasonic radiation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28309. [PMID: 38560218 PMCID: PMC10981054 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, with an effort to provide appropriate material for future applications, we have touched on two viable advancement targets: the production of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) employing an ultrasonic approach and the use of Ag-NPs in environmental remediation. A green economical method was involved to prepare Ag-NPs using butyl acrylate as a stabilizer. The following techniques were used for analysing Ag-NPs: energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis for the lattice characteristics showed that Ag-NPs have a face-centered structure with an average crystallite size of 9.51-11.83 nm. FE-SEM and TEM analysis were used for morphological investigations, and revealed that Ag-NPs had a spherical shape with an average particle size of 16.27 nm. The EDX profile displayed a strong signal at ∼3.0 keV, which indicated that the samples comprised silver. UV-Visible spectrophotometer with the absorption maximum occurring between 401 and 411 nm further confirmed the formation of Ag-NPs. The dye degradation effect of synthesized Ag-NPs on methylene blue and Rhodamine B was analyzed to assess their ability for environmental remediation, and results showed that around 100% of the dye degradation effect. This study has provided a most plausible mechanism for the dye degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | | | - Aditya Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
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Aly AA, Eliwa NE, Safwat G. Role of gamma-irradiated sodium alginate on growth, physiological and active components of iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plant. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:185. [PMID: 38475707 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most widely recognized biostimulators of plant development; is oligoalginate, which regulates the biological processes of plants and was used in horticultural fields as a plant growth regulator. The plan of the current research was to study, however, the foliar application of un-irradiated and irradiated Na-alginate (UISA and ISA) to improve the growth, physiological activity, and other active components of the Egyptian iceberg lettuce plant. Degraded Na-alginate is equipped with exposure of sodium alginate in its solid state to gamma-rays at different dose levels (0.0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kGy). The characterization of the oligo-alginates achieved by γ-radiation deprivation at different dose levels was performed by FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and TEM. Different concentrations of irradiated sodium alginate at dose levels of 100 kGy (200, 400, 600, and 800 ppm, as well as deionized water used as a control) were sprayed with a hand sprayer every week after transplanting the iceberg lettuce seedlings in the field until the harvest stage. Morphological traits were evaluated, as well as pigments, ascorbic acid, phenols, flavonoids, soluble proteins, and antioxidant activity. RESULTS Irradiated Na-alginate resulted in the depolymerization of Na-alginate into small molecular-weight oligosaccharides, and the best dose to use was 100 kGy. Certain chemical modifications in the general structure were observed by FTIR analysis. Two absorbed bands at 3329 cm-1 and 1599 cm-1, were recognized that are assigned to O-H and C-O stretching, respectively, and peaks achieved at 1411 cm-1 represent the COO-stretching group connected to the sodium ion. The peak obtained at 1028 cm-1 was owing to the stretching vibration of C-O. The results of TGA provided that the minimum weight reminder was in the ISA at 100 kGy (28.12%) compared to the UISA (43.39%). The images of TEM pointed out that the Na-alginate was globular in shape, with the particle distribution between 12.8 and 21.7 nm in ISA at 100 kGy. Irradiated sodium alginate caused a noteworthy enhancement in the vegetative growth traits (leaf area, stem length, head weight, and leaf number). By spraying 400 ppm, ISA showed a maximum increase in total pigments (2.209 mg/g FW), ascorbic acid (3.13 mg/g fresh weight), phenols (1.399 mg/g FW), flavonoids (0.775 mg/g FW), and antioxidant activities (82.14. %). Also, there were correlation coefficients (R values) between leaf area, stem length, head weight, and leaf number values with total pigment content, antioxidant activity, total soluble proteins, and ascorbic acid. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of the recent investigation demonstrated that the application of spraying irradiated Na-alginate (100 kGy) resulted in an improvement of the considered characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A Aly
- Natural Products Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Noha E Eliwa
- Natural Products Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan Safwat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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Tang C, Lu T, Shi H, Ye J. Physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility of radiation-resistant and anti-washout calcium phosphate cement by introducing artemisia sphaerocephala krasch gum. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2161-2178. [PMID: 37368503 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2230844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The anti-washout ability of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) determines the effectiveness of CPC in clinical application. The γ-ray irradiation method often used in the sterilization process of CPC products is easy to degrade some commonly polymer anti-washout agent, which greatly reduces its anti-washout performance. Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch gum (ASKG) has the potential of radiation resistance and anti-washout, but no one has considered its performance as anti-washout agent of CPC and mechanism of radiation resistance and anti-washout so far. In this study, we report the effect of γ-ray on ASKG and the effectiveness of ASKG for enhancing of radiation resistance and anti-washout ability of CPC, the physical, chemical properties and in vitro cell behaviors of ASKG-CPCs were also investigated. The results showed that addition of ASKG before and after irradiation could significantly enhanced the anti-washout performance of CPC, which is differ from conventional anti-washout agents. Meanwhile, ASKG-CPCs had an excellent injectable property and biocompatibility, and low content of irradiated ASKG could promote bone differentiation well. We anticipate that the radiation-resistant and anti-washout ASKG-CPCs have potential application prospect in orthopaedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teliang Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haishan Shi
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Wei Y, Zhu B, Yao Z, Jiang L. Biochemical characterization and elucidation of the action mode of a GH16 family κ-carrageenase for efficient preparation of carrageenan oligosaccharides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:222. [PMID: 37285044 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
κ-Carrageenan oligosaccharides have a variety of biological activities. Degradation of κ-carrageenan by κ-carrageenase leads to degradation products with different degrees of polymerization (DPs). A novel gene (CecgkA) encoding a new κ-carrageenase was cloned from Colwellia echini and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The enzyme is 1104 bp in length, encodes 367 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 41.30 kDa. Multiple alignment analysis showed that CeCgkA belongs to the glycoside hydrolase (GH16) family and has the highest homology with the κ-carrageenase of Rhodopirellula maiorica SM1, with 58% homology. The CeCgkA showed maximum activity (453.15 U/mg) at pH 8.0 and 35 °C. Determination of biochemical properties showed that CeCgkA was a thermal recovery enzyme, and 51.6% of the initial enzyme activity was recovered by immediately placing the sample at 35 °C for 60 min after enzymatic inactivation by boiling for 10 min. K+, Na+, and EDTA had an activating effect on the enzyme activity, while Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ inhibited the activity of the enzyme. In addition, TLC and ESI-MS analysis showed that the maximum recognition unit of CecgkA was decasaccharide and that the main degradation products were disaccharides, tetrasaccharides and hexasaccharides, indicating that the enzyme is an endo-type carrageenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshang Wei
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
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Structural investigation of degradation products of irradiated Kappa-carrageenan. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Relleve LS, Lopez GEP, Cruz RMMD, Abad LV. High radiation dose studies of kappa-carrageenan in dilute aqueous solution. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Guo Z, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Zheng L, Zhu B, Yao Z. Carrageenan oligosaccharides: A comprehensive review of preparation, isolation, purification, structure, biological activities and applications. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Naeem M, Aftab T, Ansari AA, Khan MMA. Carrageenan oligomers and salicylic acid act in tandem to escalate artemisinin production by suppressing arsenic uptake and oxidative stress in Artemisia annua (sweet wormwood) cultivated in high arsenic soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42706-42721. [PMID: 33818725 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study is aimed to elucidate the effects of concomitant application of irradiated carrageenan (IC) oligomers and salicylic acid (SA) on Artemisia annua L. varieties, viz. "CIM-Arogya" (tolerant) and "Jeevan Raksha" (sensitive) exposed to arsenic (As) stress. Artemisia annua has been known for its sesqui-terpene molecule artemisinin, which is useful in curing malaria. The two compounds, IC and SA, have been established as effective plant growth-promoting molecules for several agricultural and horticultural crops. To test the stress tolerance providing efficacy of IC and SA, the characterization of various physiological and biochemical parameters, growth as well as yield attributes was done in the present experiment. A. annua plants were given various treatments viz. (i) Control (0) (ii) 45 mg As kg-1 of soil (iii) 80 mg L-1 IC+45 mg As kg-1 of soil (iv) 10-6 M SA+45 mg As kg-1 of soil (vi) 45 mg As kg-1 soil+80 mg L-1 IC+10-6 M SA. Plants of A. annua suffered from prominent injuries due to oxidative stress generated by As. At 90 and 120 days after planting (DAP), As toxicity was manifested in reduction of most of the studied growth parameters. However, antioxidant activities such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were enhanced in As-stressed conditions and their activities were further enhanced in IC+SA-treated plants. Application of As significantly produced the highest artemisinin content and yield in "CIM-Arogya" over "Jeevan Raksha." Noticeably, the selected plant growth regulators (PGRs) (IC and SA) applied individually through foliage were found efficient, though, the concomitant effect of PGRs was much pronounced compared to their alone application in countering the toxicity of As. The interactive action of PGRs escalated the overall production (yield) of artemisinin (58.7% and 53.8%) in tolerant and sensitive varieties of A. annua in the presence of soil As. Conclusively, the concomitant application of IC and SA proved much effective and successful over their individual use in exploring the overall development of A. annua subjected to As stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Tariq Aftab
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Abid Ali Ansari
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
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Álvarez-Viñas M, Souto S, Flórez-Fernández N, Torres MD, Bandín I, Domínguez H. Antiviral Activity of Carrageenans and Processing Implications. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:437. [PMID: 34436276 PMCID: PMC8400836 DOI: 10.3390/md19080437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carrageenan and carrageenan oligosaccharides are red seaweed sulfated carbohydrates with well-known antiviral properties, mainly through the blocking of the viral attachment stage. They also exhibit other interesting biological properties and can be used to prepare different drug delivery systems for controlled administration. The most active forms are λ-, ι-, and κ-carrageenans, the degree and sulfation position being determined in their properties. They can be obtained from sustainable worldwide available resources and the influence of manufacturing on composition, structure, and antiviral properties should be considered. This review presents a survey of the antiviral properties of carrageenan in relation to the processing conditions, particularly those assisted by intensification technologies during the extraction stage, and discusses the possibility of further chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Álvarez-Viñas
- CINBIO, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.Á.-V.); (N.F.-F.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Sandra Souto
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Noelia Flórez-Fernández
- CINBIO, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.Á.-V.); (N.F.-F.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Maria Dolores Torres
- CINBIO, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.Á.-V.); (N.F.-F.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Isabel Bandín
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- CINBIO, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.Á.-V.); (N.F.-F.); (M.D.T.)
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Tecson MG, Abad LV, Ebajo VD, Camacho DH. Ultrasound-assisted depolymerization of kappa-carrageenan and characterization of degradation product. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105540. [PMID: 33812249 PMCID: PMC8053803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of polysaccharides to afford low-molecular-weight oligosaccharides have been shown to produce new bioactivities that are not present in the starting material. The simplicity of ultrasonic treatment in the degradation of a polysaccharide, such as κ-carrageenan, offers practical advantage in producing degraded products with lower molecular weight that may have new interesting potential activities. This study embarked on investigating the effects in molecular weights and structural changes of κ-carrageenan under varying ultrasonic conditions. Molecular weight (MW) monitoring of ultrasonically-treated κ-carrageenan at various conditions were done by gel permeation chromatography. The product formed using the optimized condition was characterized using FTIR and NMR. The decrease in MW has been shown to be dependent on low concentration (5.0 mg mL-1), high amplitude (85%), and long treatment time (180 mins) to afford a degraded κ-carrageenan with average molecular weight (AMW) of 41,864 Da, which is a 96.33% reduction from the raw sample with initial AMW of 1,139,927 Da. Structural analysis reveals that most of the peaks of the raw κ-carrageenan was retained with minor change. 1D and 2D NMR analyses showed that the sonic process afforded a product where the sulfate group at the G4S-4 position was cleaved forming a methylene in the G4S ring. The results would be useful in the structure-activity relationship of κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides and in understanding the effect in the various potential applications of degraded κ-carrageenan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel G Tecson
- Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines
| | - Lucille V Abad
- Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Virgilio D Ebajo
- Central Instrumentation Facility, De La Salle University Laguna Campus, LTI Spine Road, Barangays Biñan and Malamig, Biñan, Laguna 4024, Philippines
| | - Drexel H Camacho
- Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines; Central Instrumentation Facility, De La Salle University Laguna Campus, LTI Spine Road, Barangays Biñan and Malamig, Biñan, Laguna 4024, Philippines; Organic Materials and Interfaces Unit, CENSER, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines.
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Gamonpilas C, Buathongjan C, Sangwan W, Rattanaprasert M, Weizman K, Klomtun M, Phonsatta N, Methacanon P. Production of low molecular weight pectins via electron beam irradiation and their potential prebiotic functionality. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ahmad B, Khan MMA, Jahan A, Shabbir A, Jaleel H. Increased production of valuable secondary products in plants by leaf applied radiation-processed polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:286-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Khotimchenko M, Tiasto V, Kalitnik A, Begun M, Khotimchenko R, Leonteva E, Bryukhovetskiy I, Khotimchenko Y. Antitumor potential of carrageenans from marine red algae. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Naeem M, Nabi A, Aftab T, Khan MMA. Oligomers of carrageenan regulate functional activities and artemisinin production in Artemisia annua L. exposed to arsenic stress. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:871-887. [PMID: 31873815 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a promising technique has come forward in field of radiation-agriculture in which the natural polysaccharides are modified into useful oligomers after depolymerization. Ionizing radiation technology is a simple, pioneering, eco-friendly, and single step degradation process which is used in exploiting the efficiency of the natural polysaccharides as plant growth promoters. Arsenic (As) is a noxious and toxic to growth and development of medicinal plants. Artemisinin is obtained from the leaves of Artemisia annua L., which is effective in the treatment of malaria. The present study was undertaken to find out possible role of oligomers of irradiated carrageenan (IC) on two varieties viz. 'CIM-Arogya' (As-tolerant) and 'Jeevan Raksha' (As-sensitive) of A. annua exposed to As. The treatments applied were 0 (control), 40 IC (40 mg L-1 IC), 80 IC (80 mg L-1 IC), 45 As (45 mg kg-1 soil As), 40 IC + 45 As (40 mg L-1 IC + 45 mg kg-1 soil As), and 80 IC + 45 As (80 mg L-1 IC + 45 mg kg-1 soil As). The present study was based on various parameters namely plant fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), leaf area index (LAI), leaf yield (LY), chlorophyll and carotenoid content, net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (Gs), carbonic anhydrase activity (CA), proline content (PRO), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), endogenous ROS production (H2O2 content), catalase activity (CAT), peroxidase activity (POX), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase activity (APX), As content, and artemisinin content in leaves. Plant growth and other physiological and biochemical parameters including enzymatic activities, photosynthetic activity, and its related pigments were negatively affected under As stress. Leaf-applied IC overcame oxidative stress generated due to As in plants by activating antioxidant machinery. Interestingly, leaf-applied IC enhanced the production (content and yield) of artemisinin under high As stress regardless of varieties. The oligomers of IC and As were found to be responsible for the production of endogenous H2O2 which has a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of artemisinin in A. annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Naeem
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Aarifa Nabi
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Tariq Aftab
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Radiolytically degraded sodium alginate enhances plant growth, physiological activities and alkaloids production in Catharanthus roseus L. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li J, Pan A, Xie M, Zhang P, Gu X. Characterization of a thermostable κ-carrageenase from a hot spring bacterium and plant protection activity of the oligosaccharide enzymolysis product. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1812-1819. [PMID: 30255626 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seaweed oligosaccharides are environmentally-friendly natural products and their use for disease control in sustainable agriculture is extremely promising. Enzymatic digestion to prepare seaweed oligosaccharides has drawn considerable interest. However, the study of enzymatically degraded products of carrageenan is still in its infancy compared with that of other hydrocolloids such as agar and alginate. To prepare degraded carrageenan on a commercial scale, it is necessary to select superior producer bacterial strains to improve the yield and thermostability of carrageenases. RESULTS The carrageenan-degrading bacterium Bacillus sp. HT19 was isolated from sediment of a hot spring in Indonesia, and a κ-carrageenase with high activity was purified from the culture supernatant. The purified enzyme, named Car19, had maximum activity (538 U mg-1 ) at 60 °C and pH 7.0. Notably, the enzyme retained >90% of its initial activity after incubation at 60 °C for 24 h. The Ca2+ obviously improved the thermostability of Car19 at 70 °C. The Km and Vmax values of purified Car19 were 0.061 mg mL-1 and 115.13 U mg-1 , respectively, with κ-carrageenan as substrate. Thin-layer chromatography and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometry analysis of hydrolysates indicated that the enzyme exolytically depolymerized κ-carrageenan to neo-carrabiose. The hydrolysate enhanced the resistance of cucumber to cucumber mosaic virus and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in infected plants. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, Car19 is the most thermostable κ-carrageenase reported so far. Its high optimal reaction temperature and thermostability, and unitary hydrolysate constituent, makes Car19 a promising candidate for the preparation of carrageenan oligosaccharides with plant protection activity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Aihong Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Maisheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, P. R. China
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Radiation Degradation of β-Glucan Extracted from Brewer’s Yeast for Enhancing Growth Promotion and Immunostimulant Activities on Broilers. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8901824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble low molecular weight β-glucan (WSLMG) was successfully prepared via γ-irradiation of insoluble β-glucan extracted from brewer’s yeast cell walls. The WSLMG content in an irradiated sample increased as the irradiation dose increased. The WSLMGs with a molecular weight (Mw) of 49, 25, and 11 kDa, obtained at correlative doses of 100, 200, and 300 kGy, respectively, were tested using growth promotion and immune stimulant effects in broilers. Supplementation with 500 ppm WSLMGs not only increased the survival rate (33.3%) and average body weight (40%) but also reduced the feed conversion rate (35.4%) in tested broilers. In addition, WSLMGs enhanced both nonspecific and specific immune components in the blood of supplemented broilers. The WSLMG with Mw ~25 kDa showed the highest effect on the growth performance and immunomodulatory capability in the immune systems of the tested broilers. In conclusion, this product demonstrates substantial promise as an immunostimulant and growth-promoting additive for poultry.
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Ahmad B, Jahan A, Sadiq Y, Shabbir A, Jaleel H, Khan MMA. Radiation-mediated molecular weight reduction and structural modification in carrageenan potentiates improved photosynthesis and secondary metabolism in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:1069-1079. [PMID: 30521890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to gain insights into the possible relationship between the irradiation-mediated molecular weight reduction and structural modification and the growth-promotion activity, characterization of the polysaccharide before and after irradiation was carried out through Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies. Moreover, graded concentrations of irradiated carrageenan (IC) were applied through foliage to assess the performance of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Among the various concentrations of IC [0 (control), un-irradiated carrageenan (UC), 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 mg L-1], the effect of 80 mg L-1 IC established to be most favorable for most of the parameters studied. Rubisco and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities were maximally enhanced by 65.9% and 35.6% by the application of 80 mg L-1 IC, respectively; as compared to the control and UC. A maximum enrichment in the content (32.8%) and yield (88.3%) of essential oil was noted by the application of 80 mg L-1 IC, respectively. Results of the gas chromatography revealed that the contents of menthol and 1, 8-cineole were increased; however, menthone and menthyl-acetate contents were decreased by the application of IC over the control and UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| | - Ajmat Jahan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Yawar Sadiq
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Asfia Shabbir
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Hassan Jaleel
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Effect of radiation-modified kappa-carrageenan as plant growth promoter on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Study on the Biological Effects of Oligochitosan Fractions, Prepared by Synergistic Degradation Method, on Capsicum. INT J POLYM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/8156739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan with an initial molecular weight (Mw) of approximately 193 kDa was degraded into about 11.4 and 14.8 kDa by γ-ray irradiation of the solution containing 5% chitosan in 0.2 M acetic acid at 75 kGy and the solution of 5% chitosan in 0.2 M acetic acid supplemented with 1% H2O2 at 10 kGy, respectively. The synergistic degraded chitosan sample with Mw ~14.8 kDa was separated into 5 fractions by using ultrafiltration membranes. The analysis results from UV, FTIR, and NMR spectra indicated that the combined treatment of low irradiation dose and low H2O2 concentration did not cause any change in the molecular structure of degraded chitosan fractions. Separated chitosan fractions with Mw > 1 kDa inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum capsici in vitro. While all separated chitosan fractions remarkably enhanced fresh biomass (11–56%) and chlorophyll content (20–92%) of capsicum seedlings. In the field test, the treatment with oligochitosan fractions with Mw in a range of 1–3 kDa (F2) to 3–10 kDa (F3) gained 9.0–11.4% of the fruit yield and reduced 64.8–67.2% of the rate of anthracnose disease outbreak fruits caused by C. capsici. Thus, the F2 and F3 fractions in degraded chitosan product are the key fractions for the enhancement of both the growth promotion effect and defense respond activity against the infection of pathogenic Colletotrichum fungi causing anthracnose disease in capsicum.
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Pereira I, Simões J, Evtyugin DV, Rouif S, Coimbra MA, Domingues MRM, Gama M. Effects of gamma irradiation and periodate oxidation on the structure of dextrin assessed by mass spectrometry. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Drying characteristics and properties of microwave − assisted spouted bed dried semi−refined carrageenan. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Semi-commercial scale production of carrageenan plant growth promoter by E-beam technology. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Thermal stability of red algal galactans: Effect of molecular structure and counterions. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:213-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bharti ML, Dutt S, Raturi R, Joshi V. Structural Modifications of PMMA and PMMA/CNT Matrix by Swift Heavy Ions Irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/225/1/012093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Singh M, Khan MMA, Uddin M, Naeem M, Qureshi MI. Proliferating effect of radiolytically depolymerized carrageenan on physiological attributes, plant water relation parameters, essential oil production and active constituents of Cymbopogon flexuosus Steud. under drought stress. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180129. [PMID: 28708833 PMCID: PMC5510827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrageenan has been proved as potent growth promoting substance in its depolymerized form. However, relatively little is known about its role in counteracting the adverse effects of drought stress on plants. In a pot experiment, lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus Steud.), grown under different water stress regimes [(100% field capacity (FC), 80% FC and 60% FC)], was sprayed with 40, 80 and 120 mg L-1 of gamma irradiated carrageenan (ICA). Foliar application of ICA mitigated the harmful effects of drought stress to various extents and improved the biochemical characteristics, quality attributes and active constituents (citral and geraniol) of lemongrass significantly. Among the applied treatments, ICA-80 mg L-1 proved the best in alleviating detrimental effects of drought. However, drought stress (80 and 60% FC), irrespective of the growth stages, had an adverse impact on most of the studied attributes. Generally, 60% FC proved more deleterious than 80% FC. At 80% FC, application of ICA-80 mg L-1 elevated the essential oil (EO) content by 18.9 and 25%, citral content by 7.33 and 8.19% and geraniol content by 9.2 and 8.9% at 90 and 120 days after planting (DAP), respectively, as compared to the deionized-water (DW) spray treatment (80% FC+ DW). Whereas, at 60% FC, foliar application of 80 mg L-1 ICA significantly augmented the EO content by 15.4 and 17.8% and active constituents viz. citral and geraniol, by 5.01 and 5.62% and by 6.06 and 5.61% at 90 and 120 DAP, respectively, as compared to the control (water-spray treatment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu Singh
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - M. Masroor A. Khan
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Moin Uddin
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - M. Naeem
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - M. Irfan Qureshi
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Zia KM, Tabasum S, Nasif M, Sultan N, Aslam N, Noreen A, Zuber M. A review on synthesis, properties and applications of natural polymer based carrageenan blends and composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:282-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Medium Optimization and Fermentation Kinetics for κ-Carrageenase Production by Thalassospira sp. Fjfst-332. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111479. [PMID: 27827964 PMCID: PMC6272976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective degradation of κ-carrageenan by isolated Thalassospira sp. fjfst-332 is reported for the first time in this paper. It was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and morphological observation using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Based on a Plackett–Burman design for significant variables, Box–Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the culture conditions. Through statistical optimization, the optimum medium components were determined as follows: 2.0 g/L κ-carrageenan, 1.0 g/L yeast extract, 1.0 g/L FOS, 20.0 g/L NaCl, 2.0 g/L NaNO3, 0.5 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, 0.1 g/L K2HPO4, and 0.1 g/L CaCl2. The highest activity exhibited by Thalassospira sp. fjfst-332 was 267 U/mL, which makes it the most vigorous wild bacterium for κ-carrageenan production. In order to guide scaled-up production, two empirical models—the logistic equation and Luedeking–Piretequation—were proposed to predict the strain growth and enzyme production, respectively. Furthermore, we report the fermentation kinetics and every empirical equation of the coefficients (α, β, X0, Xm and μm) for the two models, which could be used to design and optimize industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R. Nemţanu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics; Electron Accelerators Laboratory; Bucharest-Măgurele Romania
| | - Mirela Braşoveanu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics; Electron Accelerators Laboratory; Bucharest-Măgurele Romania
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Duan F, Yu Y, Liu Z, Tian L, Mou H. An effective method for the preparation of carrageenan oligosaccharides directly from Eucheuma cottonii using cellulase and recombinant κ-carrageenase. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sun W, Saldaña MD, Zhao Y, Wu L, Dong T, Jin Y, Zhang J. Hydrophobic lappaconitine loaded into iota-carrageenan by one step self-assembly. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 137:231-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abad LV, Aurigue FB, Relleve LS, Montefalcon DRV, Lopez GEP. Characterization of low molecular weight fragments from gamma irradiated κ-carrageenan used as plant growth promoter. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Elsupikhe RF, Shameli K, Ahmad MB, Ibrahim NA, Zainudin N. Green sonochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles at varying concentrations of κ-carrageenan. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:302. [PMID: 26220106 PMCID: PMC4523502 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A green sonochemical method was developed for preparing silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in different concentrations of kappa carrageenan (κ-carrageenan). The κ-carrageenan was used as a natural eco-friendly stabilizer, and ultrasonic irradiation was used as a green reducing agent. The number of Ag-NPs increased with increasing κ-carrageenan concentrations. Formation of Ag/κ-carrageenan was determined by UV-visible spectroscopy where the surface plasmon absorption maximum was observed at 402 to 420 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the Ag-NPs are of a face-centered cubic structure. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum indicated the presence of Ag-NPs in κ-carrageenan. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image for the highest concentration of κ-carrageenan showed the distribution of Ag-NPs with an average particle size near to 4.21 nm. Scan electron microscopy (SEM) images illustrated the spherical shape of the Ag-NPs. The use of photo irradiation provides a green and economic feature to this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Fawzi Elsupikhe
- />Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kamyar Shameli
- />Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra (Jalan Semarak), 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mansor B Ahmad
- />Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nor Azowa Ibrahim
- />Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norhazlin Zainudin
- />Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Liu J, Xu Q, Zhang J, Zhou X, Lyu F, Zhao P, Ding Y. Preparation, composition analysis and antioxidant activities of konjac oligo-glucomannan. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:398-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Characterization and antioxidant properties of alcoholic extracts from gamma irradiated κ-carrageenan. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Radiation Processed Carrageenan Improves Plant Growth, Physiological Activities, and Alkaloids Production in Catharanthus roseus L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/150474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant that produces indole alkaloids used in cancer chemotherapy. Commercially important antineoplastic alkaloids, namely, vinblastine and vincristine, are mainly present in the leaves of C. roseus. Gamma-rays irradiated carrageenan (ICR) has been proven as plant growth promoting substance for a number of medicinal and agricultural plants. Considering the importance of ICR as a promoter of plant growth and alkaloids production in C. roseus, a pot experiment was carried out to explore the effect of ICR on the plant growth, physiological activities, and production of anticancer alkaloids in C. roseus at 120 and 150 days after planting (DAP). Foliar application of ICR (at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg L−1) significantly improved the performance of C. roseus. 80 mg L−1 of ICR enhanced the leaf yield by 29.2 and 35.4% and the herbage yield by 32.5 and 37.4% at 120 and 150 DAP, respectively, over the control. The spray of ICR at 80 mg L−1 increased the yield of vinblastine by 64.3 and 65.0% and of vincristine by 75.5 and 77.0% at 120 and 150 DAP, respectively, as compared to the control.
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Elsupikhe RF, Shameli K, Ahmad MB. Sonochemical method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in κ-carrageenan from silver salt at different concentrations. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zainal Ariffin SH, Yeen WW, Zainol Abidin IZ, Megat Abdul Wahab R, Zainal Ariffin Z, Senafi S. Cytotoxicity effect of degraded and undegraded kappa and iota carrageenan in human intestine and liver cell lines. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:508. [PMID: 25519220 PMCID: PMC4320596 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Carrageenan is a linear sulphated polysaccharide extracted from red seaweed of the Rhodophyceae family. It has broad spectrum of applications in biomedical and biopharmaceutical field. In this study, we determined the cytotoxicity of degraded and undegraded carrageenan in human intestine (Caco-2; cancer and FHs 74 Int; normal) and liver (HepG2; cancer and Fa2N-4; normal) cell lines. Methods Food grade k-carrageenan (FGKC), dried sheet k-carrageenan (DKC), commercial grade k-carrageenan (CGKC), food grade i-carrageenan (FGIC) and commercial grade i-carrageenan (CGIC) were dissolved in hydrochloric acid and water to prepare degraded and undegraded carrageenan, respectively. Carrageenan at the concentration range of 62.5 – 2000.0 μg mL−1 was used in the study. MTT assay was used to determine the cell viability while the mode of cell death was determined by May-Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) staining, acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) staining, agarose gel electrophoresis and gene expression analysis. Results Degraded FGKC, DKC and CGKC showed IC50 in 24, 48 and 72 hours treated Caco-2, FHs 74 Int, HepG2 and Fa2N-4 cell lines as tested by MTT assay. Degraded FGIC and CGIC only showed its toxicity in Fa2N-4 cells. The characteristics of apoptosis were demonstrated in degraded k-carrageenan treated Caco-2, FHs 74 Int, HepG2 and Fa2N-4 cells after MGG staining. When Caco-2 and HepG2 cells were undergone AO/EtBr staining, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation were clearly seen under the microscope. However, DNA ladder was only found in HepG2 cells after gel electrophoresis analysis. Degraded k-carrageenan also inactivated PCNA, Ki-67 and survivin gene in HepG2. On the other hand, undegraded FGKC, DKC, CGKC, FGIC and CGIC treated cells showed no cytotoxic effect after analyzed by the same analyses as in degraded carrageenan. Conclusion Degraded k-carrageenan inhibited cell proliferation in Caco-2, FHs 74 Int, HepG2 and Fa2N-4 cell lines and the anti-proliferative effect was related to apoptosis together with inactivation of cell proliferating genes as determined by morphological observation and molecular analysis. However, no cytotoxic effect was found in undegraded carrageenan towards normal and cancer intestine and liver cell lines.
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Şen M, Toprak D, Güven O. The effect of environmental humidity on radiation-induced degradation of carrageenans. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 114:546-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sanyal B, Ahn JJ, Maeng JH, Kyung HK, Lim HK, Sharma A, Kwon JH. An improved approach to identify irradiated spices using electronic nose, FTIR, and EPR spectroscopy. J Food Sci 2014; 79:C1656-64. [PMID: 25155212 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cumin and chili powder from India resulting from electron-beam irradiation were investigated using 3 analytical methods: electronic nose (E-nose), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The spices had been exposed to 6 to 14 kGy doses recommended for microbial decontamination. E-nose measured a clear difference in flavor patterns of the irradiated spices in comparison with the nonirradiated samples. Principal component analysis further showed a dose-dependent variation. FTIR spectra of the samples showed strong absorption bands at 3425, 3007 to 2854, and 1746 cm(-1). However, both nonirradiated and irradiated spice samples had comparable patterns without any noteworthy changes in functional groups. EPR spectroscopy of the irradiated samples showed a radiation-specific triplet signal at g = 2.006 with a hyper-fine coupling constant of 3 mT confirming the results obtained with the E-nose technique. Thus, E-nose was found to be a potential tool to identify irradiated spices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Sanyal
- School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook Natl. Univ, Daegu, 702-701, Korea; Food Technology Div, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
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Li L, Ni R, Shao Y, Mao S. Carrageenan and its applications in drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 103:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Li X, Li Y, Mou H, Gao Y, Hwang H, Wang P. THE OPTIMIZATION OF SACCHARIFICATION OF DESULFURATED RED SEAWEED-DERIVED POLYSACCHARIDES AND ANALYSIS OF THEIR COMPOSITION. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 44:40-55. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.791628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wu N, Ye X, Guo X, Liao N, Yin X, Hu Y, Sun Y, Liu D, Chen S. Depolymerization of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber, Pearsonothuria graeffei, via 60Co irradiation. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 93:604-14. [PMID: 23499102 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A method for depolymerization of a novel fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Pearsonothuria graeffei (fCS-Pg) using (60)Co irradiation in water solution was developed in the current study. Fragments with varying molecular weights were obtained by (60)Co irradiation at different dosages and sample concentrations. The chemical compositions and structures of these fragments were further investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Our results indicated that (60)Co irradiation induced depolymerization via selective breakage of glucuronic acid units in the fCS-Pg backbone, with no obvious influence on sulfated fucose branches under mild conditions. The recommended conditions for fCS-Pg degradation were 2-10% solution concentration and irradiation dosages of 10-50kGy. The anticoagulant activities of the low molecular weight fragments were additionally evaluated. Notably, anticoagulant activities were reduced with decreasing molecular weights. Compared to the native fCS-Pg, low molecular weight fragments displayed significantly decreased anticoagulant activities. Based on the collective findings, we propose that these fragments are potentially applicable as antithrombotic agents with reduced bleeding risk relative to native fCS-Pg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wu
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Hashmi N, Khan MMA, Moinuddin, Idrees M, Khan ZH, Ali A, Varshney L. Depolymerized carrageenan ameliorates growth, physiological attributes, essential oil yield and active constituents of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:407-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Şen M, Atik H. The antioxidant properties of oligo sodium alginates prepared by radiation-induced degradation in aqueous and hydrogen peroxide solutions. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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47
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Degradation of κ-carrageenan by hydrolysis with commercial α-amylase. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:394-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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48
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Tang F, Chen F, Li F. Preparation and potentialin vivoanti-influenza virus activity of low molecular-weight κ-carrageenans and their derivatives. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Şen M, Yolaçan B, Güven O. A comprehensive study on the size exclusion chromatography of kappa-carrageenan for the identification of after-peaks. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Depolymerised carrageenan enhances physiological activities and menthol production in Mentha arvensis L. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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