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A Brief Review on Selected Applications of Hybrid Materials Based on Functionalized Cage-like Silsesquioxanes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061452. [PMID: 36987231 PMCID: PMC10056089 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid developments in materials engineering are accompanied by the equally rapid development of new technologies, which are now increasingly used in various branches of our life. The current research trend concerns the development of methods for obtaining new materials engineering systems and searching for relationships between the structure and physicochemical properties. A recent increase in the demand for well-defined and thermally stable systems has highlighted the importance of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) architectures. This short review focuses on these two groups of silsesquioxane-based materials and their selected applications. This fascinating field of hybrid species has attracted considerable attention due to their daily applications with unique capabilities and their great potential, among others, in biomaterials as components of hydrogel networks, components in biofabrication techniques, and promising building blocks of DDSQ-based biohybrids. Moreover, they constitute attractive systems applied in materials engineering, including flame retardant nanocomposites and components of the heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta-type catalytic system.
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2
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Zhang A, Wang W, Dong Z, Wei J, Wei L, Gu W, Zheng G, Wang R. Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Flame Retarding Properties of Phosphorus-Modified PET Blended with DOPO-POSS. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46277-46287. [PMID: 36570273 PMCID: PMC9773934 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an antidroplet flame retardant system based on FRPET (phosphorus-containing copolyester) is constructed with DOPO-POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing DOPO) as an additive flame retardant. It is demonstrated that DOPO-POSS has good dispersibility at a lower amount. When the amount of DOPO-POSS is 9 wt %, the residual char of DOPO-POSS/FRPET at 700 °C increases to 23.56 from 18.16% of FRPET, and the maximum thermal weight loss rate also reduces. What is more is that the limiting oxygen index increases to 33 from 26% of FRPET. The flame burning time is shortened to 4.95 from 20.8 s, the phenomenon of self-extinguishing of the fire occurs, and the vertical combustion level is increased from V-2 to V-0. Compared with FRPET, the peak of the heat release rate decreases by 66.0%, the total heat release decreases by 32.4%, the flame retardancy index (FRI) reaches an excellent value, and the condensed-phase products significantly improve. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX), thermogravimetric-FTIR (TG-FTIR), and pyrolysis-gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) results indicate that DOPO-POSS contributes to the formation of char layers and decomposes to generate free radicals with a quenching effect. In a word, DOPO-POSS is an effective radical trapper and charring agent for PET and exerts a flame retardancy effect in gaseous and condensed phases simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anying Zhang
- School
of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong
University, No. 399 BinShuiXi Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China
- School
of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang
District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- School
of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang
District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenfeng Dong
- School
of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang
District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianfei Wei
- School
of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang
District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lifei Wei
- Shanghai
Different Advanced Material Company Limited, No.58 Jian a Road, Xingta Industrial Zone, Fengjing, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201502, China
| | - Weiwen Gu
- School
of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang
District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guo Zheng
- School
of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong
University, No. 399 BinShuiXi Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School
of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang
District, Beijing 100029, China
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Muhammad Ghozali, Triwulandari E, Restu WK, Meliana Y, Haryono A. Synthesis of Polyethylene Glycol-9,10-dihydroxy Monostearate as Palm Oil-Based Polyol and Its Application on the Preparation of Polylactic acid/Polyurethane Block Copolymer. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x23700621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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4
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Li Z, Cao XM, Jiang LY, Wei P, Zhang J, Wang DY. Interface-charring catalysis enables fire-safe and mechanically reinforced epoxy via facile interfacial aggregation induction. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Liu BW, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Advanced Flame-Retardant Methods for Polymeric Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107905. [PMID: 34837231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most organic polymeric materials have high flammability, for which the large amounts of smoke, toxic gases, heat, and melt drips produced during their burning cause immeasurable damages to human life and property every year. Despite some desirable results having been achieved by conventional flame-retardant methods, their application is encountering more and more difficulties with the ever-increasing high flame-retardant requirements such as high flame-retardant efficiency, great persistence, low release of heat, smoke, and toxic gases, and more importantly not deteriorating or even enhancing the overall properties of polymers. Under such condition, some advanced flame-retardant methods have been developed in the past years based on "all-in-one" intumescence, nanotechnology, in situ reinforcement, intrinsic char formation, plasma treatment, biomimetic coatings, etc., which have provided potential solutions to the dilemma of conventional flame-retardant methods. This review briefly outlines the development, application, and problems of conventional flame-retardant methods, including bulk-additive, bulk-copolymerization, and surface treatment, and focuses on the raise, development, and potential application of advanced flame-retardant methods. The future development of flame-retardant methods is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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6
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Xiang Y, Gao Y, Xu G, He M, Qin S, Yu J. Thermal degradation behavior and flame retardant properties of PET/DiDOPO conjugated flame retardant composites*. Front Chem 2022; 10:1018998. [PMID: 36277341 PMCID: PMC9586204 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1018998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PET/DIDOPO conjugated flame retardant composites were prepared by melt blending of styrene bridged DOPO (DIDOPO) into polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The flame retardancy, rheological behavior, and thermal degradation behavior of the composite were characterized by vertical combustion test (UL-94), limit oxygen index test (LOI), rotational rheometer, and thermogravimetry (TG). The results showed that the flame retardant composite with V-0 grade was obtained when the amount of DIDOPO is 12.5wt%, and the corresponding LOI value was 56.87% higher than that of PET. The thermogravimetry-fourier infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) test results showed that DIDOPO could promote the degradation of PET/DIDOPO materials, and release phosphorus-containing free radicals to quench the flame, therefore slowing down the combustion process, and mainly playing the key flame retardant role in gas-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Xiang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Guomin Xu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Min He
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuhao Qin
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuhao Qin, ; Jie Yu,
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuhao Qin, ; Jie Yu,
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Yin Y, Meng L. Improve the compatibility and crystallization ability of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes and poly (ethylene terephthalate) by using transesterification method. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- Polymer Materials and Engineering Department Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
| | - Linghui Meng
- Polymer Materials and Engineering Department Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
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Chen F, Wang J, Guo Z, Jiang F, Ouyang R, Ding P. Machine Learning and Structural Design to Optimize the Flame Retardancy of Polymer Nanocomposites with Graphene Oxide Hydrogen Bonded Zinc Hydroxystannate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53425-53438. [PMID: 34482690 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Designing flame-retardant polymers with high performance is a long-standing challenge, partly because of the time-consuming traditional approaches based on experiential intuition and trial-and-error screenings. Inspired by the effective new paradigm of data-driven material discovery, we used machine learning to analyze experimental data to accelerate the development of new flame-retardant polymers. To explore the relationship between limit oxygen index (LOI) and components, we prepared 20 composites and then trained a simple equation for the LOI using the method sure independence screening and sparsifying operator (SISSO). The data analysis allows us for a better understanding of the flame-retardant mechanism and components, and the equation has good accuracy in guiding the design of composites with high flame-retardant performance. Meanwhile, the increasing structural design of flame retardants is crucial to flame-retardant polymer composites. We proposed a structure of nano graphene oxide (GO) wrapped micro zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) in a simple but effective way as a novel flame-retardant agent to enhance the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) composites. The GO sheets were like "light yarns" wrapped onto the ZHS via hydrogen bonding in an ethanol solution. The selected samples were analyzed to confirm the predictive LOI model. The resultant composites with the substitution of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) by 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 wt % ZHS@GO conferred better flame retardancy compared with PP composite containing only IFR, reflected by the efficient increase of LOI value and V0 rating of UL-94 vertical tests. The analysis principles and facile fabrication strategies proposed in this work could be important for developing highly flame retardant composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jinhe Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Fang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Runhai Ouyang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Peng Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
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9
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Kundu CK, Li Z, Song L, Hu Y. An overview of fire retardant treatments for synthetic textiles: From traditional approaches to recent applications. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Bethke C, Goedderz D, Weber L, Standau T, Döring M, Altstädt V. Improving the flame‐retardant property of bottle‐grade PET foam made by reactive foam extrusion. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bethke
- Department of Polymer EngineeringUniversity of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Daniela Goedderz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
- Ernst‐Berl Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Lais Weber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
- Ernst‐Berl Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Tobias Standau
- Department of Polymer EngineeringUniversity of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Manfred Döring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Department of Polymer EngineeringUniversity of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
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11
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Montava-Jorda S, Lascano D, Quiles-Carrillo L, Montanes N, Boronat T, Martinez-Sanz AV, Ferrandiz-Bou S, Torres-Giner S. Mechanical Recycling of Partially Bio-Based and Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Blends by Reactive Extrusion with Poly(styrene- co-glycidyl methacrylate). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010174. [PMID: 31936575 PMCID: PMC7023399 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, partially bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (bio-PET) was melt-mixed at 15-45 wt% with recycled polyethylene terephthalate (r-PET) obtained from remnants of the injection blowing process of contaminant-free food-use bottles. The resultant compounded materials were thereafter shaped into pieces by injection molding for characterization. Poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PS-co-GMA) was added at 1-5 parts per hundred resin (phr) of polyester blend during the extrusion process to counteract the ductility and toughness reduction that occurred in the bio-PET pieces after the incorporation of r-PET. This random copolymer effectively acted as a chain extender in the polyester blend, resulting in injection-molded pieces with slightly higher mechanical resistance properties and nearly the same ductility and toughness than those of neat bio-PET. In particular, for the polyester blend containing 45 wt% of r-PET, elongation at break (εb) increased from 10.8% to 378.8% after the addition of 5 phr of PS-co-GMA, while impact strength also improved from 1.84 kJ·m-2 to 2.52 kJ·m-2. The mechanical enhancement attained was related to the formation of branched and larger macromolecules by a mechanism of chain extension based on the reaction of the multiple glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) groups present in PS-co-GMA with the hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COOH) terminal groups of both bio-PET and r-PET. Furthermore, all the polyester blend pieces showed thermal and dimensional stabilities similar to those of neat bio-PET, remaining stable up to more than 400 °C. Therefore, the use low contents of the tested multi-functional copolymer can successfully restore the properties of bio-based but non-biodegradable polyesters during melt reprocessing with their recycled petrochemical counterparts and an effective mechanical recycling is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Montava-Jorda
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (DIMM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain;
| | - Diego Lascano
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (L.Q.-C.); (N.M.); (T.B.); (S.F.-B.)
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito 17-01-2759, Ecuador
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (L.Q.-C.); (N.M.); (T.B.); (S.F.-B.)
| | - Nestor Montanes
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (L.Q.-C.); (N.M.); (T.B.); (S.F.-B.)
| | - Teodomiro Boronat
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (L.Q.-C.); (N.M.); (T.B.); (S.F.-B.)
| | - Antonio Vicente Martinez-Sanz
- Institute of Design and Manufacturing (IDF), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain;
| | - Santiago Ferrandiz-Bou
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (L.Q.-C.); (N.M.); (T.B.); (S.F.-B.)
| | - Sergio Torres-Giner
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-900-022
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Peng Y, Xue B, Song Y, Wang J, Niu M. Preparation of a novel phosphorus‐containing organosilicon and its effect on the flame retardant and smoke suppression of polyethylene terephthalate. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- College of Textile EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Yuci 030600 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Baoxia Xue
- College of Textile EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Yuci 030600 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Yinghao Song
- College of Textile EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Yuci 030600 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Textile EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Yuci 030600 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Mei Niu
- College of Textile EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Yuci 030600 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education Taiyuan 030024 China
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Delva L, Hubo S, Cardon L, Ragaert K. On the role of flame retardants in mechanical recycling of solid plastic waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 82:198-206. [PMID: 30509582 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants are used in a wide range of plastics to extend the time-of-escape from fires. By definition, they are designed to perform this task only in case of a fire, which is then automatically the end of the plastic's lifetime. However, not all flame retardant plastic products are eventually set on fire, which is why they are abundant in plastic waste, potentially interfering with the mechanical recycling systems in place. To date, there has been little information on the influence of flame retardant additives during the mechanical recycling of solid (thermo)plastic waste. This contribution provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art concerning the mechanical recycling of flame retardants containing polymers and plastics. In a first part, this review discusses the effect of mechanical melt reprocessing on the flame retardant properties of different recycled thermoplastic polymers, addressing questions whether the flame retardant additives are still present and effective after recycling and whether they interfere with the mechanical recycling itself. Special attention is paid to Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment containing flame retardants. A second part of the review lists several upgrading strategies for common polymeric waste streams that consist of adding virgin flame retardants to recycled plastics with the purpose of bringing an additional value to the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Delva
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 915, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sara Hubo
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 915, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ludwig Cardon
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 915, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kim Ragaert
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 915, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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14
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Fire retardant action of zinc phosphinate and polyamide 11 blend containing lignin as a carbon source. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Improving Damping Properties and Thermal Stability of Epoxy/Polyurethane Grafted Copolymer by Adding Glycidyl POSS. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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16
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Turgut G, Dogan M, Tayfun U, Ozkoc G. The effects of POSS particles on the flame retardancy of intumescent polypropylene composites and the structure-property relationship. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Wang X, Bi B, Liu J, Yang S, Zhou L, Lu L, Wang Y, Xu F, Huang R. Halogen-free intumescent flame-retardant ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer system based on organic montmorillonite and graphene nanosheets. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebao Wang
- Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Academy; Langfang 065000 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Bi
- Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Academy; Langfang 065000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Liu
- Beijing Research Center for Radiation Application; Beijing 100015 People's Republic of China
| | - Shousheng Yang
- Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Academy; Langfang 065000 People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Academy; Langfang 065000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lingang Lu
- Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Academy; Langfang 065000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Academy; Langfang 065000 People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Xu
- Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Academy; Langfang 065000 People's Republic of China
| | - Run Huang
- Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Academy; Langfang 065000 People's Republic of China
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18
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Turgut G, Işıksel E, Kahraman G, Eren T, Özkoç G. Synthesis of phosphorus- and phenyl-based ROMP polymers and investigation of their effects on the thermomechanical and flammability properties of a polypropylene-IFR system. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Turgut
- Chemical Engineering Department; Kocaeli University; Kocaeli 41380 Turkey
| | - Ecem Işıksel
- Chemistry Department; Yildiz Technical University; Istanbul 34210 Turkey
| | - Gizem Kahraman
- Chemistry Department; Yildiz Technical University; Istanbul 34210 Turkey
| | - Tarik Eren
- Chemistry Department; Yildiz Technical University; Istanbul 34210 Turkey
| | - Güralp Özkoç
- Chemical Engineering Department; Kocaeli University; Kocaeli 41380 Turkey
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19
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Li J, Yan X, Zeng X, Yi L, Xu H, Mao Z. Effect of trisilanolphenyl-POSS on rheological, mechanical, and flame-retardant properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/cyclotriphosphazene systems. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (Ministry of Education); Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile (Ministry of Education); Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (Ministry of Education); Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiandong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile (Ministry of Education); Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Lingmin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (Ministry of Education); Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile (Ministry of Education); Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile (Ministry of Education); Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
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20
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Tsai TY, Bunekar N, Wu TC, Chiang YC, Wang ZZ, Wu LX. Effect of Organic Nano Carboncapsule Incorporated Modified Clay on Fire-Retardancy of PMMA Nanocomposites. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yen Tsai
- Department of Chemistry; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan City Chung-Li District 32023 Taiwan, Republic of China
- Master Program in Nanotechnology; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan City Chung-Li District 32023 Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Nanotechnology; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan City Chung-Li District, 32023 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Naveen Bunekar
- Department of Chemistry; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan City Chung-Li District 32023 Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Nanotechnology; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan City Chung-Li District, 32023 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ti-Chia Wu
- Master Program in Nanotechnology; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan City Chung-Li District 32023 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chen Chiang
- Master Program in Nanotechnology; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan City Chung-Li District 32023 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Zheng-zhou Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University, 4800 Cao An Road; Shanghai 201804 PR China
| | - Li-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
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21
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Yuan B, Fan A, Yang M, Chen X, Hu Y, Bao C, Jiang S, Niu Y, Zhang Y, He S, Dai H. The effects of graphene on the flammability and fire behavior of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites at different flame scenarios. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Salaün F, Lemort G, Butstraen C, Devaux E, Capon G. Influence of silica nanoparticles combined with zinc phosphinate on flame retardant properties of PET. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Salaün
- Univ Lille Nord de France; F-59000 Lille France
- ENSAIT GEMTEX; F-59100 Roubaix France
| | - G. Lemort
- Univ Lille Nord de France; F-59000 Lille France
- ENSAIT GEMTEX; F-59100 Roubaix France
| | - C. Butstraen
- Univ Lille Nord de France; F-59000 Lille France
- ENSAIT GEMTEX; F-59100 Roubaix France
| | - E. Devaux
- Univ Lille Nord de France; F-59000 Lille France
- ENSAIT GEMTEX; F-59100 Roubaix France
| | - G. Capon
- CREPIM; F-62700 Bruay-la-Buissière France
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23
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24
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Wang Q, Xiong L, Liang H, Chen L, Huang S, Lian Z. Synthesis and characterization of a novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes containing phosphorus and boron. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2016.1149728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Shengmei Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Zeyang Lian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
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25
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Blanco I, Bottino FA, Cicala G, Latteri A, Recca A. Synthesis and thermal characterization of mono alkyl hepta phenyl POSS/PS nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Blowing-out effect in flame retarding epoxy resins: Insight by temperature measurements during forced combustion. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Xu W, Liu L, Zhang B, Hu Y, Xu B. Effect of Molybdenum Trioxide-Loaded Graphene and Cuprous Oxide-Loaded Graphene on Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of Polyurethane Elastomer. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzong Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292 Ziyun Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292 Ziyun Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingliang Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292 Ziyun Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State
Key Lab of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoling Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292 Ziyun Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Pappalardo S, Russo P, Acierno D, Rabe S, Schartel B. The synergistic effect of organically modified sepiolite in intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Wu N, Lang S. Flame retardancy and toughness modification of flame retardant polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/AHP composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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31
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Effect of processing conditions and lignin content on thermal, mechanical and degradative behavior of lignin nanoparticles/polylactic (acid) bionanocomposites prepared by melt extrusion and solvent casting. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Gupta R, Kandasubramanian B. Hybrid caged nanostructure ablative composites of octaphenyl-POSS/RF as heat shields. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10905h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of novel hybrid three dimensional thermosetting resin of resorcinol formaldehyde and OP-POSS for thermal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gupta
- Department of Ceramic Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology-BHU
- Varanasi 221005
- India
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33
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Wu N, Xiu Z. Surface microencapsulation modification of aluminum hypophosphite and improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties of flame-retardant acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene composites. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02308d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicone-microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite (SiAHP) improved effectively the flame retardancy and significantly enhanced the notched impact strength of ABS/SiAHP composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao City 266042
| | - Zhaoxia Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao City 266042
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34
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Li J, Pan F, Xu H, Zhang L, Zhong Y, Mao Z. The flame-retardancy and anti-dripping properties of novel poly(ethylene terephalate)/cyclotriphosphazene/silicone composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Flame-Retardancy Properties of Intumescent Ammonium Poly(Phosphate) and Mineral Filler Magnesium Hydroxide in Combination with Graphene. Polymers (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/polym6112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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36
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Li Z, Yang R. Study of the synergistic effect of polyhedral oligomeric octadiphenylsulfonylsilsesquioxane and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide on flame-retarded epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Wang Z, Wu W, Zhong Y, Ruan M, Hui LL. Flame-retardant materials based on phosphorus-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and bismaleimide/diallylbisphenol a with improved thermal resistance and dielectric properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wei Wu
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yuhua Zhong
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Mingzhu Ruan
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Lin Lin Hui
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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38
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Flame retardancy and synergistic flame retardant mechanisms of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene composites based on aluminum hypophosphite. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Li H, Ning N, Zhang L, Wang Y, Liang W, Tian M. Different flame retardancy effects and mechanisms of aluminium phosphinate in PPO, TPU and PP. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Si M, Feng J, Hao J, Xu L, Du J. Synergistic flame retardant effects and mechanisms of nano-Sb2O3 in combination with aluminum phosphinate in poly(ethylene terephthalate). Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Study on flame retardancy of TGDDM epoxy resins loaded with DOPO-POSS compound and OPS/DOPO mixture. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Han X, Zhao J, Liu S, Yuan Y. Flame retardancy mechanism of poly(butylene terephthalate)/aluminum diethylphosphinate composites with an epoxy-functional polysiloxane. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00515e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The manuscript presents an outstanding synergistic effect of aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) and epoxy-functional polysiloxane (EPM) for preparing flame-retardant poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering
- Ministry of Education
| | - Shumei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering
- Ministry of Education
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, P. R. China
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43
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Lorenzetti A, Besco S, Hrelja D, Roso M, Gallo E, Schartel B, Modesti M. Phosphinates and layered silicates in charring polymers: The flame retardancy action in polyurethane foams. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Tian N, Wen X, Jiang Z, Gong J, Wang Y, Xue J, Tang T. Synergistic Effect between a Novel Char Forming Agent and Ammonium Polyphosphate on Flame Retardancy and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie401058u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Tian
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jiang Gong
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jian Xue
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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45
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Zhang W, Li X, Yang R. Blowing-out effect and temperature profile in condensed phase in flame retarding epoxy resins by phosphorus-containing oligomeric silsesquioxane. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhang
- National Laboratory of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- National Laboratory of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District Beijing 100081 China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Laboratory of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District Beijing 100081 China
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46
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The effects of solvent and initiator on anionic ring opening polymerization of ϵ-caprolactone: synthesis and characterization. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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47
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Synthesis of aromatic–aliphatic polyamide acting as adjuvant in polylactic acid (PLA)/ammonium polyphosphate (APP) system. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Hong N, Pan Y, Zhan J, Wang B, Zhou K, Song L, Hu Y. Fabrication of graphene/Ni–Ce mixed oxide with excellent performance for reducing fire hazard of polypropylene. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42095g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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49
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50
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Samyn F, Bourbigot S. Thermal decomposition of flame retarded formulations PA6/aluminum phosphinate/melamine polyphosphate/organomodified clay: Interactions between the constituents? Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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