1
|
Barbosa MLS, Costa RDFS, Silva FJG, Sousa SR, Pinto AG, Ferreira BO. Studying the Degradation of Three Polymers under Different Chlorine Concentrations and Exposure Times. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3931. [PMID: 37835981 PMCID: PMC10574910 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to chlorine's ability to kill bacteria and fungi through a chemical reaction, chlorine solutions are commonly used to clean and disinfect numerous public facilities, although these actions are also dependent to the equipment present in those facilities. Accordingly, the interest in studying its effect when in contact with different materials is obvious. This study was carried out through accelerated degradation tests and various analysis methods (optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and tensile tests). The objective was to observe the wear presented by three polymeric materials, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP), when exposed to chlorine's action in swimming pools and drinking water treatment plants. The resulting effect depends on the chlorine content and the type of contact between the chemical agent and the material. The aim was to select the material less likely to be affected by chlorine through tests and analyses, allowing a longer component life. The use of certain more resistant polymeric materials can drastically reduce maintenance, reducing fundamental factors such as costs, the downtime of municipal facilities, and also the risk to public health. It was concluded that PVC has the most stable behaviour overall when in contact with chlorine solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta L. S. Barbosa
- ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.L.S.B.); (R.D.F.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (B.O.F.)
| | - Rúben D. F. S. Costa
- ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.L.S.B.); (R.D.F.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (B.O.F.)
| | - Francisco J. G. Silva
- ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.L.S.B.); (R.D.F.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (B.O.F.)
- INEGI—Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana R. Sousa
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Arnaldo G. Pinto
- ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.L.S.B.); (R.D.F.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (B.O.F.)
| | - Bruno O. Ferreira
- ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.L.S.B.); (R.D.F.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (B.O.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Epelle E, Macfarlane A, Cusack M, Burns A, Okolie JA, Vichare P, Rolland L, Yaseen M. Ozone Decontamination of Medical and Nonmedical Devices: An Assessment of Design and Implementation Considerations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:4191-4209. [PMID: 36943762 PMCID: PMC10020969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The control of infectious diseases can be improved via carefully designed decontamination equipment and systems. Research interest in ozone (a powerful antimicrobial agent) has significantly increased over the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic has also instigated the development of new ozone-based technologies for the decontamination of personal protective equipment, surfaces, materials, and indoor environments. As this interest continues to grow, it is necessary to consider key factors affecting the applicability of lab-based findings to large-scale systems utilizing ozone. In this review, we present recent developments on the critical factors affecting the successful deployments of industrial ozone technologies. Some of these include the medium of application (air or water), material compatibility, efficient circulation and extraction, measurement and control, automation, scalability, and process economics. We also provide a comparative assessment of ozone relative to other decontamination methods/sterilization technologies and further substantiate the necessity for increased developments in gaseous and aqueous ozonation. Modeling methodologies, which can be applied for the design and implementation of ozone contacting systems, are also presented in this review. Key knowledge gaps and open research problems/opportunities are extensively covered including our recommendations for the development of novel solutions with industrial importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel
I. Epelle
- School
of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
- ACS
Clothing, 6 Dovecote
Road Central Point Logistics Park, Centralpark ML1 4GP, United
Kingdom
| | - Andrew Macfarlane
- ACS
Clothing, 6 Dovecote
Road Central Point Logistics Park, Centralpark ML1 4GP, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael Cusack
- ACS
Clothing, 6 Dovecote
Road Central Point Logistics Park, Centralpark ML1 4GP, United
Kingdom
| | - Anthony Burns
- ACS
Clothing, 6 Dovecote
Road Central Point Logistics Park, Centralpark ML1 4GP, United
Kingdom
| | - Jude A. Okolie
- Gallogly
College of Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
of America
| | - Parag Vichare
- School
of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - Luc Rolland
- School
of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Yaseen
- School
of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pagnin L, Calvini R, Sterflinger K, Izzo FC. Data Fusion Approach to Simultaneously Evaluate the Degradation Process Caused by Ozone and Humidity on Modern Paint Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091787. [PMID: 35566956 PMCID: PMC9100644 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of the atmospheric degradation reactions affecting the stability of modern materials is still of current interest. In fact, environmental parameters, such as relative humidity (RH), temperature, and pollutant agents, often fluctuate due to natural or anthropogenic climatic changes. This study focuses on evaluating analytical and statistical strategies to investigate the degradation processes of acrylic and styrene-acrylic paints after exposure to ozone (O3) and RH. A first comparison of FTIR and Py-GC/MS results allowed to obtain qualitative information on the degradation products and the influence of the pigments on the paints’ stability. The combination of these results represents a significant potential for the use of data fusion methods. Specifically, the datasets obtained by FTIR and Py-GC/MS were combined using a low-level data fusion approach and subsequently processed by principal component analysis (PCA). It allowed to evaluate the different chemical impact of the variables for the characterization of unaged and aged samples, understanding which paint is more prone to ozone degradation, and which aging variables most compromise their stability. The advantage of this method consists in simultaneously evaluating all the FTIR and Py-GC/MS variables and describing common degradation patterns. From these combined results, specific information was obtained for further suitable conservation practices for modern and contemporary painted films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pagnin
- Institute of Science and Technology in Art, Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, Schillerplatz 3, 1010 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosalba Calvini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Katja Sterflinger
- Institute of Science and Technology in Art, Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, Schillerplatz 3, 1010 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Francesca Caterina Izzo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155/b, 30174 Venice, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang M, Hasan MK, Rathore K, Hil Baky MA, Lassalle J, Kraus J, Burnette M, Campbell C, Wang K, Jemison H, Pillai S, Pharr M, Staack D. Plasma generated ozone and reactive oxygen species for point of use PPE decontamination system. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262818. [PMID: 35213564 PMCID: PMC8880944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports a plasma reactive oxygen species (ROS) method for decontamination of PPE (N95 respirators and gowns) using a surface DBD source to meet the increased need of PPE due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A system is presented consisting of a mobile trailer (35 m3) along with several Dielectric barrier discharge sources installed for generating a plasma ROS level to achieve viral decontamination. The plasma ROS treated respirators were evaluated at the CDC NPPTL, and additional PPE specimens and material functionality testing were performed at Texas A&M. The effects of decontamination on the performance of respirators were tested using a modified version of the NIOSH Standard Test Procedure TEB-APR-STP-0059 to determine particulate filtration efficiency. The treated Prestige Ameritech and BYD brand N95 respirators show filtration efficiencies greater than 95% and maintain their integrity. The overall mechanical and functionality tests for plasma ROS treated PPE show no significant variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kavita Rathore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Md Abdullah Hil Baky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Lassalle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jamie Kraus
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew Burnette
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher Campbell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- LTEOIL LLC, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Suresh Pillai
- Center for Electron Beam Food Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matt Pharr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - David Staack
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee H, Im SJ, Kim Y, Lee G, Jang A. Effects of microplastics on the removal of trace organic compounds during ozonation: Oxidation and adsorption of trace organic compounds and byproducts. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116878. [PMID: 33774543 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trace organic compounds (TOrCs) and microplastics (MPs) have been recognized as emerging pollutants that cause severe water pollution related problems due to their non-degradable and bio-accumulative nature. Many studies on oxidation processes such as ozone have been conducted to efficiently remove TOrCs in water treatment. However, there has been a lack of research on the removal efficiency of TOrCs in the oxidation process when they co-exist with MPs and form transformation byproducts (TBPs) during this process. This study evaluates the effects of MPs on TOrC removal during ozonation at various ozone concentrations and based on the mass of MP particles in distilled water. The adsorption of TBPs and TOrCs was also evaluated using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations. The toxicity of these compounds was evaluated to confirm the risk to aquatic ecosystems. The results show that triclosan (TCS) had the highest absorption capacity amongst the TOrCs and TBPs tested. Polyvinylchloride exhibited the highest adsorption efficiency compared with polyethylene and polyethyleneterephthalate (TCS 0.341 mg/g) due to its high adsorption capacity and hydrophobicity. In the toxicity test, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chloroaniline as TBPs had a relatively higher toxicity to Vibrio fischeri (a marine bacterial species) than Daphnia magna (a freshwater plankton species).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonho Lee
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Ju Im
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoogon Kim
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89, Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31056, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwanghee Lee
- Haesung Engineering Inc., Heungdeok IT Valley B-709, 13, Heungdeok 1-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 16954, Republic of Korea.
| | - Am Jang
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang H, He P, Cheng H, Shentu B. Preparation of a Nano-TiO2-Loaded Antioxidant and Its Anti-aging Performance against UV/O3 in Thermoplastic Vulcanizates. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ping He
- Hangzhou Kewang Special Ink Company, Ltd., 3 Yufeng Road, Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Henglun Cheng
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Baoqing Shentu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Solis-Ramos E, Kumosa M. Synergistic effects in stress corrosion cracking of glass reinforced polymer composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Ghoreishy MHR, Naderi G, Roohandeh B. An experimental investigation on the degradation effect of ozone on hyperelastic behavior of an NR/BR blend. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-015-0389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
10
|
The effect of ozone and high temperature on polymer degradation in polymer core composite conductors. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|