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Gonçalves LFFF, Reis RL, Fernandes EM. Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1286. [PMID: 38732755 PMCID: PMC11085284 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed significant advances in the development of polymeric-based foam materials. These materials find several practical applications in our daily lives due to their characteristic properties such as low density, thermal insulation, and porosity, which are important in packaging, in building construction, and in biomedical applications, respectively. The first foams with practical applications used polymeric materials of petrochemical origin. However, due to growing environmental concerns, considerable efforts have been made to replace some of these materials with biodegradable polymers. Foam processing has evolved greatly in recent years due to improvements in existing techniques, such as the use of supercritical fluids in extrusion foaming and foam injection moulding, as well as the advent or adaptation of existing techniques to produce foams, as in the case of the combination between additive manufacturing and foam technology. The use of supercritical CO2 is especially advantageous in the production of porous structures for biomedical applications, as CO2 is chemically inert and non-toxic; in addition, it allows for an easy tailoring of the pore structure through processing conditions. Biodegradable polymeric materials, despite their enormous advantages over petroleum-based materials, present some difficulties regarding their potential use in foaming, such as poor melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, low service temperature, low toughness, and high brittleness, which limits their field of application. Several strategies were developed to improve the melt strength, including the change in monomer composition and the use of chemical modifiers and chain extenders to extend the chain length or create a branched molecular structure, to increase the molecular weight and the viscosity of the polymer. The use of additives or fillers is also commonly used, as fillers can improve crystallization kinetics by acting as crystal-nucleating agents. Alternatively, biodegradable polymers can be blended with other biodegradable polymers to combine certain properties and to counteract certain limitations. This work therefore aims to provide the latest advances regarding the foaming of biodegradable polymers. It covers the main foaming techniques and their advances and reviews the uses of biodegradable polymers in foaming, focusing on the chemical changes of polymers that improve their foaming ability. Finally, the challenges as well as the main opportunities presented reinforce the market potential of the biodegradable polymer foam materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. F. F. Gonçalves
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Emanuel M. Fernandes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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2
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Champa-Bujaico E, Díez-Pascual AM, Garcia-Diaz P. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Bionanocomposites with Crystalline Nanocellulose and Graphene Oxide: Experimental Results and Support Vector Machine Modeling. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3746. [PMID: 37765602 PMCID: PMC10537444 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) is a biodegradable and biocompatible bacterial copolymer used in the biomedical and food industries. However, it displays low stiffness and strength for certain applications. This issue can be solved via reinforcement with nanofillers. In this work, PHBHHx-based bionanocomposites reinforced with different loadings of crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) and graphene oxide (GO) were developed by a green and straightforward solution casting technique. Their crystalline nature and surface topography were explored via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively, their composition was corroborated via Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and their crystallization and melting behavior were determined via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanofillers had a nucleating role, raising the crystallization temperature of the polymer, whilst hardly any changes were found in the melting temperature. Further, significant enhancements in the stiffness, strength, and thermal stability of the PHBHHx matrix were observed with the incorporation of both nanofillers, which was attributed to a synergic effect. The mechanical properties for various concentrations of CNC and GO were accurately predicted using a machine learning (ML) model in the form of a support vector machine (SVM). The model performance was evaluated in terms of the mean absolute error (MAE), the mean square error (MSE), and the correlation coefficient (R2). These bio-based nanocomposites are a valuable alternative to conventional petroleum-based synthetic polymeric materials used nowadays for biomedicine and food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Champa-Bujaico
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-B.); (P.G.-D.)
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Garcia-Diaz
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-B.); (P.G.-D.)
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3
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Zhao H, Yu S, Zhang Y, Zhao G. Mechanical properties and structure of injection molded poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (
PHBV
/
PBAT
) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Guoqun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
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Xu C, Xu N, Yu J, Hu L, Jia P, Fan Y, Lu C, Chu F. Utilization of different wood-based microfibril cellulose for the preparation of reinforced hydrophobic polymer composite films via Pickering emulsion: A comparative study. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:815-826. [PMID: 36521716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pickering emulsion is a promising strategy for the preparation of hydrophobic polymer composite using hydrophilic nanocellulose. Herein, two types of microfibril cellulose, pure mechanical pretreated microfibril cellulose (P-MFC) and Deep eutectic solvents pretreated microfibril cellulose (DES-MFC), were used to fabricate reinforced hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) composites (MFC/PS) with the aid of Pickering emulsion. The results showed that both oil/water ratio and the content as well as surface hydrophilicity of MFC were playing an important role in emulsifying capacity. 8 % MFC/PS emulsion showed the smallest and most uniform emulsion droplets which is similar to nanofibril cellulose (NFC)/PS at the oil/water ratio of 3:1. The mechanical performance of MFC/PS composites verified that the reinforcement effect was closely related to the emulsifying capacity of MFC. Specially, when the content of P-MFC was 8 wt%, the composite exhibited the best mechanical properties with the tensile strength of 44.7 ± 4.4 MPa and toughness of 1162 ± 52.8 kJ/m3 and Young's modulus of 13.5 ± 0.8 GPa, which was comparable to NFC/PS composite. Moreover, the effective enhancement role of P-MFC in hydrophobic polymethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate composites were also realized via Pickering emulsion strategy. Overall, this work constituted a proof of concept of the potential application of P-MFC in nano-reinforced hydrophobic composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Ning Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Lihong Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No 16, Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China.
| | - Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No 16, Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China.
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chuanwei Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No 16, Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China.
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Nanocellulose: A Fundamental Material for Science and Technology Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228032. [PMID: 36432134 PMCID: PMC9694617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, considerable interest has been focused on developing greener and biodegradable materials due to growing environmental concerns. Owing to their low cost, biodegradability, and good mechanical properties, plant fibers have substituted synthetic fibers in the preparation of composites. However, the poor interfacial adhesion due to the hydrophilic nature and high-water absorption limits the use of plant fibers as a reinforcing agent in polymer matrices. The hydrophilic nature of the plant fibers can be overcome by chemical treatments. Cellulose the most abundant natural polymer obtained from sources such as plants, wood, and bacteria has gained wider attention these days. Different methods, such as mechanical, chemical, and chemical treatments in combination with mechanical treatments, have been adopted by researchers for the extraction of cellulose from plants, bacteria, algae, etc. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) have been extracted and used for different applications such as food packaging, water purification, drug delivery, and in composites. In this review, updated information on the methods of isolation of nanocellulose, classification, characterization, and application of nanocellulose has been highlighted. The characteristics and the current status of cellulose-based fiber-reinforced polymer composites in the industry have also been discussed in detail.
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Popa MS, Frone AN, Panaitescu DM. Polyhydroxybutyrate blends: A solution for biodegradable packaging? Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:263-277. [PMID: 35257732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a valuable bio-based and biodegradable polymer that may substitute common polymers in packaging and biomedical applications provided that the production cost is reduced and some properties improved. Blending PHB with other biodegradable polymers is the most simple and accessible route to reduce costs and to improve properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the preparation, properties and application of the PHB blends with other biodegradable polyesters such as medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate), poly(propylene carbonate) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) or polysaccharides and their derivatives. A special attention has been paid to the miscibility of PHB with these polymers and the compatibilizing methods used to improve the dispersion and interface. The changes in the PHB morphology, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties induced by the second polymer have been critically analyzed in view of industrial application. The biodegradability and recyclability strategies of the PHB blends were summarized along with the processing techniques adapted to the intended application. This review provides the tools for a better understanding of the relation between the micro/nanostructure of PHB blends and their properties for the further development of PHB blends as solutions for biodegradable packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Stelian Popa
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Adriana Nicoleta Frone
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
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Popa MS, Frone AN, Radu IC, Stanescu PO, Truşcă R, Rădiţoiu V, Nicolae CA, Gabor AR, Panaitescu DM. Microfibrillated Cellulose Grafted with Metacrylic Acid as a Modifier in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223970. [PMID: 34833269 PMCID: PMC8624960 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This work proposes a new method for obtaining poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/microfibrillated cellulose (MC) composites with more balanced properties intended for the substitution of petroleum-based polymers in packaging and engineering applications. To achieve this, the MC surface was adjusted by a new chemical route to enhance its compatibility with the PHB matrix: (i) creating active sites on the surface of MC with γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (SIMA) or vinyltriethoxysilane (SIV), followed by (ii) the graft polymerization of methacrylic acid (MA). The high efficiency of the SIMA-MA treatment and the lower efficiency in the case of SIV-MA were proven by the changes observed in the Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectra of celluloses. All modified celluloses and the PHB composites containing them showed good thermal stability close to the processing temperature of PHB. SIMA-modified celluloses acted as nucleating agents in PHB, increasing its crystallinity and favoring the formation of smaller spherulites. A uniform dispersion of SIMA-modified celluloses in PHB as a result of the good compatibility between the two phases was observed by scanning electron microscopy and many agglomerations of fibers in the composite with unmodified MC. The dual role of SIMA-MA treatment, as both compatibilizer and plasticizer, was pointed out by mechanical and rheological measurements. This new method to modify MC and obtain PHB/MC composites with more balanced stiffness–toughness properties could be a solution to the high brittleness and poor processability of PHB-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Stelian Popa
- Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 SplaiulIndependentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.P.); (A.N.F.); (V.R.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.)
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.R.); (P.O.S.)
| | - Adriana Nicoleta Frone
- Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 SplaiulIndependentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.P.); (A.N.F.); (V.R.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Ionut Cristian Radu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.R.); (P.O.S.)
| | - Paul Octavian Stanescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.R.); (P.O.S.)
| | - Roxana Truşcă
- National Research Centre for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Spl. Indendentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Valentin Rădiţoiu
- Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 SplaiulIndependentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.P.); (A.N.F.); (V.R.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Cristian Andi Nicolae
- Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 SplaiulIndependentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.P.); (A.N.F.); (V.R.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Augusta Raluca Gabor
- Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 SplaiulIndependentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.P.); (A.N.F.); (V.R.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 SplaiulIndependentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.P.); (A.N.F.); (V.R.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Multifunctional, Robust, and Porous PHBV-GO/MXene Composite Membranes with Good Hydrophilicity, Antibacterial Activity, and Platelet Adsorption Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213748. [PMID: 34771308 PMCID: PMC8588032 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The limitations of hydrophilicity, strength, antibacterial activity adsorption performance of the biobased and biocompatible polymer materials, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), significantly restrict their wider applications especially in medical areas. In this paper, a novel composite membrane with high antibacterial activity and platelet adsorption performance was prepared based on graphene oxide (GO), MXene and 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV), which are medium-chain-length-copolymers of PHA. The GO/MXene nanosheets can uniformly inset on the surface of PHBV fibre and give the PHBV—GO/MXene composite membranes superior hydrophilicity due to the presence of hydroxyl groups and terminal oxygen on the surface of nanosheets, which further provides the functional site for the free radical polymerization of ester bonds between GO/MXene and PHBV. As a result, the tensile strength, platelet adsorption, and blood coagulation time of the PHBV—GO/MXene composite membranes were remarkably increased compared with those of the pure PHBV membranes. The antibacterial rate of the PHBV—GO/MXene composite membranes against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria can reach 97% due to the antibacterial nature of MXene. The improved strength, hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and platelet adsorption performance suggest that PHBV—GO/MXene composite membranes might be ideal candidates for multifunctional materials for haemostatic applications.
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9
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Adorna J, Ventura RL, Dang VD, Doong R, Ventura J. Biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate/cellulose/calcium carbonate bioplastic composites prepared by heat‐assisted solution casting method. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joemer Adorna
- Biomaterials and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, College of Engineering and Agro‐Industrial Technology University of the Philippines Los Baños Los Baños Laguna Philippines
| | - Ruby Lynn Ventura
- University of the Philippines Rural High School, College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Los Baños Bay Laguna Philippines
| | - Van Dien Dang
- Faculty of Environment – Natural Resources and Climate Change Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
| | - Ruey‐An Doong
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Taiwan
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology Airlangga University Surabaya Indonesia
| | - Jey‐R Ventura
- Biomaterials and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, College of Engineering and Agro‐Industrial Technology University of the Philippines Los Baños Los Baños Laguna Philippines
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10
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Xu P, Wang Q, Yu M, Yang W, Weng Y, Dong W, Chen M, Wang Y, Ma P. Enhanced crystallization and storage stability of mechanical properties of biosynthesized poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanate) induced by self-nucleation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:797-803. [PMID: 34166698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The poor mechanical properties induced by unsatisfactory crystallization ability limit the widespread use of biosynthesized poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanate) (PHBH). In this work, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with a high melting point was first used as a homogeneous nucleating agent to increase the crystallization rate of PHBH by a self-nucleation method with a wider processing temperature window and crystallization kinetics and storage stability of mechanical properties of the PHBH/PHB mixtures were systematically investigated. By controlling the processing temperature and PHB content, the crystal nucleus density and crystallization rate of PHBH could be greatly increased while secondary crystallization was inhibited. When the processing temperature is 185 °C and PHB content is 20 wt%, the half crystallization time is shortened by 96% and the crystallinity was increased to 37.2%. Meanwhile, the mechanical performance of PHBH and its storage stability are greatly improved. Therefore, this work provides a simple and efficient way to improve the crystallization and mechanical performance of PHBH, which is expected to be applied to industrial production on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Manman Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Weifu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Piming Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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11
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Interfacial structure and property of eco-friendly carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) biocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:550-556. [PMID: 33675832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the interface bonding of the novel carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) biocomposites, and the influence of coupling agents on the structure and properties of the biocomposites. The chemical structure, crystallisation behaviour and microstructure of the untreated and coupling agent treated biocomposites were examined by using FTIR, XRD and SEM respectively. The results suggested that maleic anhydride (MA) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) covalently bonded to both CMC and PHBV macromolecules owing to their intrinsic multifunctionality, and promoted the distribution and embedment of the CMC in PHBV matrix, leading to a superior interfacial bonding of the resulted biocomposites. The enhanced interfacial bonding between the CMC and PHBV gave rise to a significant increase of tensile and flexural properties (i.e. tensile and flexural stress increased by up to 71% and 117% respectively, Young's and flexural modulus increased by up to 17% and 18% respectively) as well as thermal stability of the biocomposites.
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12
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Micro- and Nanocellulose in Polymer Composite Materials: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020231. [PMID: 33440879 PMCID: PMC7827473 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The high demand for plastic and polymeric materials which keeps rising every year makes them important industries, for which sustainability is a crucial aspect to be taken into account. Therefore, it becomes a requirement to makes it a clean and eco-friendly industry. Cellulose creates an excellent opportunity to minimize the effect of non-degradable materials by using it as a filler for either a synthesis matrix or a natural starch matrix. It is the primary substance in the walls of plant cells, helping plants to remain stiff and upright, and can be found in plant sources, agriculture waste, animals, and bacterial pellicle. In this review, we discussed the recent research development and studies in the field of biocomposites that focused on the techniques of extracting micro- and nanocellulose, treatment and modification of cellulose, classification, and applications of cellulose. In addition, this review paper looked inward on how the reinforcement of micro- and nanocellulose can yield a material with improved performance. This article featured the performances, limitations, and possible areas of improvement to fit into the broader range of engineering applications.
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Ma H, Wei Z, Zhou S, Zhu H, Tang J, Yin J, Yue J, Yang J. Supernucleation, crystalline structure and thermal stability of bacterially synthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) polyester tailored by thymine as a biocompatible nucleating agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1562-1573. [PMID: 33058980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring thymine (TM) was incorporated into bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) polyester to fabricate a novel and green biocomposite. Both 0.5% and 1% TM exhibit supernucleation effect on PHB, and crystallization kinetics suggests TM significantly increased Tc and Xc, and substantially shortened t1/2 of PHB. Epitaxial nucleation caused by a perfect crystal lattice matching between PHB and TM, was proposed to elucidate nucleation mechanism of PHB. Hydrogen bond interaction exists between CO, C-O-C groups of PHB and -CH3 (or -CH)/-NH- group of TM. TM interacted with CO group of PHB crystalline phase rather than that of amorphous one. In addition, two new IR crystalline bands assigned to C-O-C group of PHB appeared in the presence of TM, which arises from shift of two amorphous ones, respectively. TM enhanced onset thermal degradation temperature of PHB, mainly attributed to increased degree of crystallinity of PHB and flame retardance effect of TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ziyu Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Junjie Yue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Jinjun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China.
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Biocomposite foams based on polyhydroxyalkanoate and nanocellulose: Morphological and thermo-mechanical characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1867-1878. [PMID: 32758612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of bio-based and biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is restricted by its high cost and brittleness. In the present work, these deficiencies were overcome by the manufacture of PHBV foams using thermally expandable microspheres (TES). Nanocellulose (Nc) and a crosslinking agent were added to PHBV-TES to control the foam structure and to improve the mechanical properties. Foams with almost perfect pores, well embedded in the polymer matrix, were obtained by a simple melt molding process. The closed-cell foams have a density 2.5-2.7 times lower than that of PHBV. The addition of Nc increased the expansion ratio, cell density and porosity and also led to a more uniform cell size distribution. The incorporation of the crosslinking agent, together with Nc and TES, increased the glass transition temperature with about 7 °C and strengthened the PHBV-Nc interactions. PHBV foams showed a 1.7-3 times higher deformation compared to PHBV and absorbed up to 15 times more energy. The fully biodegradable PHBV-Nc foams obtained in this work exhibit an advantageous porosity, good specific mechanical properties and high energy absorption, being promising alternatives for insulation, packaging or biomedical application.
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Compostable, fully biobased foams using PLA and micro cellulose for zero energy buildings. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17771. [PMID: 33082364 PMCID: PMC7576603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological, health and environmental concerns are driving the need for bio-resourced foams for the building industry. In this paper, we examine foams made from polylactic acid (PLA) and micro cellulose fibrils (MCF). To ensure no volatile organic compounds in the foam, supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2) physical foaming of melt mixed systems was conducted. Mechanical and thermal conductivity properties were determined and applied to a net zero energy model house. The results showed that MCF had a concentration dependent impact on the foams. First structurally, the presence of MCF led to an initial increase followed by a decrease of open porosity, higher bulk density, lower expansion ratios and cell size. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that MCF decreased the glass transition of PLA allowing for a decrease in cell wall thickness when MCF was added. The mechanical performance initially increased with MCF and then decreased. This trend was mimicked by thermal insulation which initially improved. Biodegradation tests showed that the presence of cellulose in PLA improved the compostability of the foams. A maximum comparative mineralization of 95% was obtained for the PLA foam with 3 wt.% MCF when expressed as a fractional percentage of the pure cellulose reference. Energy simulations run on a model house showed that relative to an insulation of polyurethane, the bio-resourced foams led to no more than a 12% increase in heating and cooling. The energy efficiency of the foams was best at low MCF fractions.
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Raho S, Carofiglio VE, Montemurro M, Miceli V, Centrone D, Stufano P, Schioppa M, Pontonio E, Rizzello CG. Production of the Polyhydroxyalkanoate PHBV from Ricotta Cheese Exhausted Whey by Haloferax mediterranei Fermentation. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101459. [PMID: 33066448 PMCID: PMC7602231 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the dairy industry underwent a rapid expansion due to the increasing demand of milk-based products, resulting in high quantity of wastewater, i.e., whey and ricotta cheese exhausted whey (RCEW). Although containing high content of nutritional compounds, dairy by-products are still disposed as waste rather being reintroduced in a new production chain, hence leading to environmental and economic issues. This study proposes a new biotechnological approach based on the combination of membrane filtration and fermentation to produce poly-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA), biodegradable bioplastics candidate as an alternative to petroleum-derived plastics. The protocol, exploiting the metabolic capability Haloferax mediterranei to synthesize PHA from RCEW carbon sources, was set up under laboratory and pilot scale conditions. A multi-step fractionation was used to recover a RCEW fraction containing 12.6% (w/v) of lactose, then subjected to an enzymatic treatment aimed at releasing glucose and galactose. Fermentation conditions (culture medium for the microorganism propagation, inoculum size, time, and temperature of incubation) were selected according to the maximization of polymer synthesis, under in-flasks experiments. The PHA production was then tested using a bioreactor system, under stable and monitored pH, temperature, and stirring conditions. The amount of the polymer recovered corresponded to 1.18 g/L. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) as the polymer synthesized, with a relatively high presence of hydroxyvalerate (HV). Identity and purity of the polymer were confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy analyses. By combining the fractionation of RCEW, one of the most abundant by-products from the agri-food industry, and the use of the halophile Hfx mediterranei, the production of PHBV with high purity and low crystallinity has successfully been optimized. The process, tested up to pilot scale conditions, may be further implemented (e.g., through fed-batch systems) and used for large-scale production of bioplastics, reducing the economical and environmental issues related the RCEW disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Raho
- EggPlant S.r.l., 70044 Polignano a Mare, Italy; (S.R.); (V.E.C.); (D.C.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Marco Montemurro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Valerio Miceli
- ENEA Research Centre, Department for Sustainability, 72100 Brindisi, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Domenico Centrone
- EggPlant S.r.l., 70044 Polignano a Mare, Italy; (S.R.); (V.E.C.); (D.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Paolo Stufano
- EggPlant S.r.l., 70044 Polignano a Mare, Italy; (S.R.); (V.E.C.); (D.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Monica Schioppa
- ENEA Research Centre, Department for Sustainability, 72100 Brindisi, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Erica Pontonio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Carlo Giuseppe Rizzello
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Oprea M, Panaitescu DM, Nicolae CA, Gabor AR, Frone AN, Raditoiu V, Trusca R, Casarica A. Nanocomposites from functionalized bacterial cellulose and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Varghese SA, Pulikkalparambil H, Rangappa SM, Siengchin S, Parameswaranpillai J. Novel biodegradable polymer films based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Ceiba pentandra natural fibers for packaging applications. Food Packag Shelf Life 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Panaitescu DM, Vizireanu S, Stoian SA, Nicolae CA, Gabor AR, Damian CM, Trusca R, Carpen LG, Dinescu G. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Modified by Plasma and TEMPO-Oxidized Celluloses. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071510. [PMID: 32646005 PMCID: PMC7408025 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was surface modified by two approaches, namely a plasma treatment in liquid using a Y-shaped tube for oxygen flow (MCC-P) and a TEMPO mediated oxidation (MCC-T). Both treatments led to the surface functionalization of cellulose as illustrated by FTIR and XPS results. However, TEMPO oxidation had a much stronger oxidizing effect, leading to a decrease of the thermal stability of MCC by 80 °C. Plasma and TEMPO modified celluloses were incorporated in a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) matrix and they influenced the morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of the composites (PHB-MCC-P and PHB-MCC-T) differently. However, both treatments were efficient in improving the fiber-polymer interface and the mechanical properties, with an increase of the storage modulus of composites by 184% for PHB-MCC-P and 167% for PHB-MCC-T at room temperature. The highest increase of the mechanical properties was observed in the composite containing plasma modified cellulose although TEMPO oxidation induced a much stronger surface modification of cellulose. This was due to the adverse effect of more advanced degradation in this last case. The results showed that Y-shaped plasma jet oxidation of cellulose water suspensions is a simple and cheap treatment and a promising method of cellulose functionalization for PHB and other biopolymer reinforcements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.S.); (C.-A.N.); (A.R.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Sorin Vizireanu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Atomistilor 409, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125 Ilfov, Romania; (L.G.C.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Sergiu Alexandru Stoian
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.S.); (C.-A.N.); (A.R.G.)
- Advanced Polymers Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristian-Andi Nicolae
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.S.); (C.-A.N.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Augusta Raluca Gabor
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.S.); (C.-A.N.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Celina Maria Damian
- Advanced Polymers Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Roxana Trusca
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Lavinia Gabriela Carpen
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Atomistilor 409, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125 Ilfov, Romania; (L.G.C.); (G.D.)
- Faculty of Physics, Bucharest University, 405 Atomistilor Street, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125 Ilfov, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Dinescu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Atomistilor 409, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125 Ilfov, Romania; (L.G.C.); (G.D.)
- Faculty of Physics, Bucharest University, 405 Atomistilor Street, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125 Ilfov, Romania
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Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide)-clay based pH/temperature-responsive nanocomposites as drug-carriers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Effects of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibers on the Structure and Properties of Polyhydroxybutyrate Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122063. [PMID: 31835805 PMCID: PMC6960622 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major obstacles for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, in commercial applications is its poor elongation at break (~3%). In this study, the effects of nanocellulose contents and their types, including cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) on the crystallization, thermal, and mechanical properties of PHB composites were systematically compared. We explored the toughening mechanisms of PHB by adding CNCs and cellulose CNFs. The results showed that when the morphology of bagasse nanocellulose was rod-like and its content was 1 wt %, the toughening modification of PHB was the best. Compared with pure PHB, the elongation at break and Young’s modulus increased by 91.2% and 18.4%, respectively. Cellulose nanocrystals worked as heterogeneous nucleating agents in PHB and hence reduced its crystallinity and consequently improved the toughness of PHB. This simple approach could potentially be explored as a strategy to extend the possible applications of this biopolymer in packaging fields.
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Gan PG, Sam ST, Abdullah MFB, Omar MF. Thermal properties of nanocellulose‐reinforced composites: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. G. Gan
- School of Bioprocess EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 02600 Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3 Arau Perlis
| | - S. T. Sam
- School of Bioprocess EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 02600 Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3 Arau Perlis
| | - Muhammad Faiq bin Abdullah
- School of Bioprocess EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 02600 Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3 Arau Perlis
| | - Mohd Firdaus Omar
- School of Material EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 02600 Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 2 Arau Perlis
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Sangeetha VH, Varghese TO, Nayak SK. Isolation and characterisation of nanofibrillated cellulose from waste cotton: effects on thermo-mechanical properties of polylactic acid/MA-g-SEBS blends. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-019-00733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Motloung MP, Ojijo V, Bandyopadhyay J, Ray SS. Cellulose Nanostructure-Based Biodegradable Nanocomposite Foams: A Brief Overview on the Recent Advancements and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1270. [PMID: 31370292 PMCID: PMC6723299 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in designing new environmentally friendly materials has led to the development of biodegradable foams as a potential substitute to most currently used fossil fuel-derived polymer foams. Despite the possibility of developing biodegradable and environmentally friendly polymer foams, the challenge of foaming biopolymers still persists as they have very low melt strength and viscosity as well as low crystallisation kinetics. Studies have shown that the incorporation of cellulose nanostructure (CN) particles into biopolymers can enhance the foamability of these materials. In addition, the final properties and performance of the foamed products can be improved with the addition of these nanoparticles. They not only aid in foamability but also act as nucleating agents by controlling the morphological properties of the foamed material. Here, we provide a critical and accessible overview of the influence of CN particles on the properties of biodegradable foams; in particular, their rheological, thermal, mechanical, and flammability and thermal insulating properties and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Phillip Motloung
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and, Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Vincent Ojijo
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and, Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Jayita Bandyopadhyay
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and, Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and, Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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25
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Water Uptake in PHBV/Wollastonite Scaffolds: A Kinetics Study. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs3030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a widely studied polymer and it has been found that porous PHBV materials are suitable for substrates for cell cultures. A crucial factor for scaffolds designed for tissue engineering is the water uptake. This property influences the transport of water and nutrients into the scaffold, which promotes cell growth. PHBV has significant hydrophobicity, which can harm the production of cells. Thus, the addition of α-wollastonite (WOL) can modify the PHBV scaffold’s water uptake. To our knowledge, a kinetics study of water uptake of α-wollastonite phase powder and the PHBV matrix has not been reported. In this work, PHBV and WOL, (PHBV/WOL) films were produced with 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt % of WOL. Films were characterized, and the best concentrations were chosen to produce PHBV/WOL scaffolds. The addition of WOL in concentrations up to 10 wt % increased the cell viability of the films. MTT analysis showed that PHBV/5%WOL and PHBV/10%WOL obtained cell viability of 80% and 98%, respectively. Therefore, scaffolds with 0, 5 and 10 wt % of WOL were fabricated by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). Scaffolds were characterized with respect to morphology and water uptake in assay for 65 days. The scaffold with 10 wt % of WOL absorbed 44.1% more water than neat PHBV scaffold, and also presented a different kinetic mechanism when compared to other samples. Accordingly, PHBV/WOL scaffolds were shown to be potential candidates for biological applications.
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Abstract
The large-scale entry of bio-based polymers, such as poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV), in applications commonly occupied by petroleum-based plastics is heavily limited by their poorer mechanical properties, thus, hindering efforts to reduce harmful plastic waste. Prior work to improve these properties has involved short natural fibre reinforcements, which do not produce substantial improvements. In this work, PHBV was simultaneously reinforced with unidirectional flax and toughened with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) or epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) to produce well-rounded composites. Toughened unidirectional composites were prepared by cryogenic grinding, powder layup and compression moulding. Unidirectional flax addition resulted in 4-fold increases in tensile properties, 3-fold increases in flexural properties and 20-fold increases in impact properties, whilst producing minimal change in the thermal properties. PBAT and ENR phases appeared well bonded to the PHBV within the composite. The addition of PBAT did not cause any significant changes in thermal or mechanical properties. The addition of ENR, however, reduced the tensile modulus and the flexural properties but produced a significant increase in impact strength, attributed to the coarse particle size of ENR. Unidirectional flax reinforcement of PHBV widens the scope of application of PHBV considerably where mechanical properties are of concern, while ENR has significant potential as a bio-based toughening agent for biocomposites.
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27
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Ayadi M, Cheikh RB, Dencheva N, Denchev Z. Preparation and Characterization of a Biocomposite Based on Cork Microparticles in Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)-co-Poly(β-hydroxyvalerate) Matrix. INT POLYM PROC 2019. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)-co-poly(β-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) loaded with 1 to 10 wt.% of cork microparticles (CM) were manufactured via compression molding technique. CM were isolated by alkali, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments. They were then added to the PHBV matrices via solution casting technique. The filler microparticles showed typical diameters of 10 to 55 μm. Mechanical tests in tension showed that in PHBV containing 5 wt.% CM the Young's modulus and the tensile strength increased by 50% and 10% respectively. Meanwhile, the elongation at break decreased by 70% for the same CM content. The mechanical behavior of the reinforced composites was discussed in conjunction with the morphology of the samples studied by optical and electron microscopy. The temperature of initial degradation Tid, the temperature at 5% weight loss Td5% and the temperature of maximum degradation Tdmax increase with increasing CM content by up to 13.6°C, 10.1°C and 12.3°C respectively for the composite of 5 wt.%. The composite with 10 wt.% CM content showed the best thermal stability with temperature increments of 20°C, 14.1°C and 21.5°C respectively. DSC results showed that the presence of CM has a very weak influence on the melting/crystallization behavior of the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ayadi
- Laboratory of Materials , Optimization and Energy for Sustainability, National Engineering School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis , Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis , University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis , Tunisia
| | - R. B. Cheikh
- Laboratory of Materials , Optimization and Energy for Sustainability, National Engineering School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis , Tunisia
| | - N. Dencheva
- Institute for Polymers and Composites/I3 N , University of Minho, Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Z. Denchev
- Institute for Polymers and Composites/I3 N , University of Minho, Guimarães , Portugal
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28
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Righetti MC, Cinelli P, Mallegni N, Stäbler A, Lazzeri A. Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Made of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Potato Pulp Powder. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020308. [PMID: 30960292 PMCID: PMC6419162 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal and mechanical properties of biocomposites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) containing 5 wt % of valerate units, with 20 wt % of potato pulp powder were investigated in order (i) to obtain information on possible miscibility/compatibility between the biopolymers and the potato pulp, and (ii) to quantify how the addition of this filler modifies the properties of the polymeric material. The potato pulp powder utilized is a residue of processing for the production and extraction of starch. The final aim of this study is the preparation of PHBV based materials with reduced cost, thanks to biomass valorization, in agreement with the circular economy policy, as result of the incorporation of agricultural organic waste. The results showed that the potato pulp powder does not act as reinforcement, but rather as filler for the PHBV polymeric matrix. A moderate loss in mechanical properties is detected (decrease in elastic modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break), which regardless still meets the technical requirements indicated for rigid packaging production. In order to improve the mechanical response of the PHBV/potato pulp powder biocomposites, surface treatment of the potato pulp powder with bio-based and petroleum-based waxes was investigated. Good enhancement of the mechanical properties was achieved with the natural carnauba and bee waxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Norma Mallegni
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andreas Stäbler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße, 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
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29
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Melt-spun microbial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) fibers with enhanced toughness: Synergistic effect of heterogeneous nucleation, long-chain branching and drawing process. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:1136-1143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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David G, Gontard N, Angellier-Coussy H. Mitigating the Impact of Cellulose Particles on the Performance of Biopolyester-Based Composites by Gas-Phase Esterification. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E200. [PMID: 30960185 PMCID: PMC6418645 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials that are both biodegradable and bio-sourced are becoming serious candidates for substituting traditional petro-sourced plastics that accumulate in natural systems. New biocomposites have been produced by melt extrusion, using bacterial polyester (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)) as a matrix and cellulose particles as fillers. In this study, gas-phase esterified cellulose particles, with palmitoyl chloride, were used to improve filler-matrix compatibility and reduce moisture sensitivity. Structural analysis demonstrated that intrinsic properties of the polymer matrix (crystallinity, and molecular weight) were not more significantly affected by the incorporation of cellulose, either virgin or grafted. Only a little decrease in matrix thermal stability was noticed, this being limited by cellulose grafting. Gas-phase esterification of cellulose improved the filler's dispersion state and filler/matrix interfacial adhesion, as shown by SEM cross-section observations, and limiting the degradation of tensile properties (stress and strain at break). Water vapor permeability, moisture, and liquid water uptake of biocomposites were increased compared to the neat matrix. The increase in thermodynamic parameters was limited in the case of grafted cellulose, principally ascribed to their increased hydrophobicity. However, no significant effect of grafting was noticed regarding diffusion parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire David
- JRU IATE 1208-CIRAD/INRA/Montpellier Supagro/University of Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, CEDEX 01, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Nathalie Gontard
- JRU IATE 1208-CIRAD/INRA/Montpellier Supagro/University of Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, CEDEX 01, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Hélène Angellier-Coussy
- JRU IATE 1208-CIRAD/INRA/Montpellier Supagro/University of Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, CEDEX 01, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
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31
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Jin X, Zhang X, Xu C, Nie S. Effect of bamboo fibers with different coupling agents on the properties of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) biocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jin
- Faculty of Printing, Packing Engineering and Digital Media Technology; Xi'an University of Technology; Xi'an 710048 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Faculty of Printing, Packing Engineering and Digital Media Technology; Xi'an University of Technology; Xi'an 710048 People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Xu
- Faculty of Printing, Packing Engineering and Digital Media Technology; Xi'an University of Technology; Xi'an 710048 People's Republic of China
| | - Sunjian Nie
- Faculty of Printing, Packing Engineering and Digital Media Technology; Xi'an University of Technology; Xi'an 710048 People's Republic of China
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32
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Sánchez-Safont EL, Arrillaga A, Anakabe J, Gamez-Perez J, Cabedo L. PHBV/TPU/cellulose compounds for compostable injection molded parts with improved thermal and mechanical performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Arrillaga
- Leartiker S. Coop.; Xemein etorbidea 12, 48270 Markina-Xemein Spain
| | - Jon Anakabe
- Leartiker S. Coop.; Xemein etorbidea 12, 48270 Markina-Xemein Spain
| | - Jose Gamez-Perez
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA); Universitat Jaume I; Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló Spain
| | - Luis Cabedo
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA); Universitat Jaume I; Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló Spain
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33
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El-Taweel SH, Al-Ahmadi AO, Alhaddad O, Okasha RM. Cationic Cyclopentadienyliron Complex as a Novel and Successful Nucleating Agent on the Crystallization Behavior of the Biodegradable PHB Polymer. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102703. [PMID: 30347768 PMCID: PMC6222505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic cyclopentadienyliron (CpFe+) is one of the most fruitful organometallic moieties that has been utilized to mediate the facile synthesis of a massive number of macromolecules. However, the ability of this compound to function as a nucleating agent to improve other macromolecule properties has not been explored. This report scrutinizes the influence of the cationic complex as a novel nucleating agent on the spherulitic morphology, crystal structure, and isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization behavior of the Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) bacterial origin. The incorporation of the CpFe+ into the PHB materials caused a significant increase in its spherulitic numbers with a remarkable reduction in the spherulitic sizes. Unlike other nucleating agents, the SEM imageries exhibited a good dispersion without forming agglomerates of the CpFe+ moieties in the PHB matrix. Moreover, according to the FTIR analysis, the cationic organoiron complex has a strong interaction with the PHB polymeric chains via the coordination with its ester carbonyl. Yet, the XRD results revealed that this incorporation had no significant effect on the PHB crystalline structure. Though the CpFe+ had no effect on the polymer’s crystal structure, it accelerated outstandingly the melt crystallization of the PHB. Meanwhile, the crystallization half-times (t0.5) of the PHB decreased dramatically with the addition of the CpFe+. The isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization processes were successfully described using the Avrami model and a modified Avrami model, as well as a combination of the Avrami and Ozawa methods. Finally, the effective activation energy of the PHB/CpFe+ nanocomposites was much lower than those of their pure counterparts, which supported the heterogeneous nucleation mechanism with the organometallic moieties, indicating that the CpFe+ is a superior nucleating agent for this class of polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa H El-Taweel
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, 30002 Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Orman-Giza, P.O. 12613, Egypt.
| | - Arwa O Al-Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, 30002 Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omaima Alhaddad
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, 30002 Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rawda M Okasha
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, 30002 Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.
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34
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Li B, Zhao G, Wang G, Zhang L, Gong J. Fabrication of high-expansion microcellular PLA foams based on pre-isothermal cold crystallization and supercritical CO2 foaming. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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35
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Rivera-Briso AL, Serrano-Aroca Á. Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate- co-3-Hydroxyvalerate): Enhancement Strategies for Advanced Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E732. [PMID: 30960657 PMCID: PMC6403723 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), PHBV, is a microbial biopolymer with excellent biocompatible and biodegradable properties that make it a potential candidate for substituting petroleum-derived polymers. However, it lacks mechanical strength, water sorption and diffusion, electrical and/or thermal properties, antimicrobial activity, wettability, biological properties, and porosity, among others, limiting its application. For this reason, many researchers around the world are currently working on how to overcome the drawbacks of this promising material. This review summarises the main advances achieved in this field so far, addressing most of the chemical and physical strategies to modify PHBV and placing particular emphasis on the combination of PHBV with other materials from a variety of different structures and properties, such as other polymers, natural fibres, carbon nanomaterials, nanocellulose, nanoclays, and nanometals, producing a wide range of composite biomaterials with increased potential applications. Finally, the most important methods to fabricate porous PHBV scaffolds for tissue engineering applications are presented. Even though great advances have been achieved so far, much research needs to be conducted still, in order to find new alternative enhancement strategies able to produce advanced PHBV-based materials able to overcome many of these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariagna L Rivera-Briso
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro 65, 46008 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain.
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36
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Gouvêa RF, Del Aguila EM, Paschoalin VM, Andrade CT. Extruded hybrids based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and reduced graphene oxide composite for active food packaging. Food Packag Shelf Life 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Dufresne A. Cellulose nanomaterials as green nanoreinforcements for polymer nanocomposites. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:20170040. [PMID: 29277738 PMCID: PMC5746555 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected and attractive properties can be observed when decreasing the size of a material down to the nanoscale. Cellulose is no exception to the rule. In addition, the highly reactive surface of cellulose resulting from the high density of hydroxyl groups is exacerbated at this scale. Different forms of cellulose nanomaterials, resulting from a top-down deconstruction strategy (cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils) or bottom-up strategy (bacterial cellulose), are potentially useful for a large number of industrial applications. These include the paper and cardboard industry, use as reinforcing filler in polymer nanocomposites, the basis for low-density foams, additives in adhesives and paints, as well as a wide variety of filtration, electronic, food, hygiene, cosmetic and medical products. This paper focuses on the use of cellulose nanomaterials as a filler for the preparation of polymer nanocomposites. Impressive mechanical properties can be obtained for these materials. They obviously depend on the type of nanomaterial used, but the crucial point is the processing technique. The emphasis is on the melt processing of such nanocomposite materials, which has not yet been properly resolved and remains a challenge.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Dufresne
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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38
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Panaitescu DM, Lupescu I, Frone AN, Chiulan I, Nicolae CA, Tofan V, Stefaniu A, Somoghi R, Trusca R. Medium Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate Copolymer Modified by Bacterial Cellulose for Medical Devices. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3222-3232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for R&D in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Lupescu
- National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical R&D, 112 Calea Vitan, 031299, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Nicoleta Frone
- Polymer Department, National Institute for R&D in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Chiulan
- Polymer Department, National Institute for R&D in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Andi Nicolae
- Polymer Department, National Institute for R&D in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Tofan
- Cantacuzino National Institute of R&D for Microbiology and Immunology, 103 Splaiul Independentei, 050096, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amalia Stefaniu
- National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical R&D, 112 Calea Vitan, 031299, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Somoghi
- Polymer Department, National Institute for R&D in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Trusca
- Science
and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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39
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Cheng M, Qin Z, Hu S, Dong S, Ren Z, Yu H. Achieving Long-Term Sustained Drug Delivery for Electrospun Biopolyester Nanofibrous Membranes by Introducing Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1666-1676. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
and College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zongyi Qin
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
and College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shuo Hu
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
and College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shu Dong
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
and College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zichu Ren
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
and College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Houyong Yu
- The
Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci−Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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40
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Polyák P, Szemerszki D, Vörös G, Pukánszky B. Mechanism and kinetics of the hydrolytic degradation of amorphous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Srithep Y, Pholharn D, Veang-in O, Yangyuen S. Effect of banana fibers and plasticizer on melt processing of poly(vinyl alcohol). JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2016-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) resin is one of the most widely used water-soluble biodegradable polymer. Because of thermal degradation, PVOH exhibits limited melt processing and lacks moldability. The effects of adding glycerol as plasticizer and banana fibers (BF) to PVOH on its moldability and mechanical property were investigated. Melt blending of PVOH with glycerol and/or BF was performed in an internal mixer. The blended materials were then compression molded to produce tensile specimens. Various characterization techniques were employed to study the mechanical properties, compatibility, and crystallization behavior of the PVOH blends. By melt blending with glycerol, PVOH could be processed but decreased the tensile modulus, tensile strength, and crystallization temperature. Furthermore, the addition of BF enhanced the mechanical and thermal properties and crystallization temperature of plasticized PVOH due to compatibility between the two components. Apart from enhancing the mechanical properties and thermal stability, the incorporation of BF can reduce the production cost.
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42
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Jun D, Guomin Z, Mingzhu P, Leilei Z, Dagang L, Rui Z. Crystallization and mechanical properties of reinforced PHBV composites using melt compounding: Effect of CNCs and CNFs. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 168:255-262. [PMID: 28457448 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose reinforced poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) composites were prepared using melt compounding. The effects of nanocellulose types (CNCs and CNFs) and nanocellulose content (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7wt%) on the crystallization, thermal and mechanical properties of PHBV composites were systematically compared in this study. The thermal stability of PHBV composites was improved by both CNCs and CNFs. CNFs with a higher thermal stability leaded to a higher thermal stability of PHBV composites. Both CNCs and CNFs induced a reduction in the crystalline size of PHBV spherulites. Furthermore, CNCs could act as a better nucleating agent for PHBV than did CNFs. CNCs and CNFs showed reinforcing effects in PHBV composites. At the equivalent content of nanocellulose, CNCs led to a higher tensile modulus of PHBV composites than did CNFs. 1wt% CNCs/PHBV composites exhibited the most optimum mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Jun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhao Guomin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Pan Mingzhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Zhuang Leilei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Li Dagang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhang Rui
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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43
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Hu X, Su T, Pan W, Li P, Wang Z. Difference in solid-state properties and enzymatic degradation of three kinds of poly(butylene succinate)/cellulose blends. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04972b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical and crystalline properties of PBS/CMC and PBS/CA blends were improved and their enzymolysis was better than for a PBS/CTA blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Hu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun
- China
| | - Tingting Su
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun
- China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun
- China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun
- China
| | - Zhanyong Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun
- China
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44
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Anjum A, Zuber M, Zia KM, Noreen A, Anjum MN, Tabasum S. Microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and its copolymers: A review of recent advancements. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:161-74. [PMID: 27126172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Traditional mineral oil based plastics are important commodity to enhance the comfort and quality of life but the accumulation of these plastics in the environment has become a major universal problem due to their low biodegradation. Solution to the plastic waste management includes incineration, recycling and landfill disposal methods. These processes are very time consuming and expensive. Biopolymers are important alternatives to the petroleum-based plastics due to environment friendly manufacturing processes, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Therefore use of novel biopolymers, such as polylactide, polysaccharides, aliphatic polyesters and polyhydroxyalkanoates is of interest. PHAs are biodegradable polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates (HA) produced from renewable resources by using microorganisms as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds. Even though PHAs are promising candidate for biodegradable polymers, however, the production cost limit their application on an industrial scale. This article provides an overview of various substrates, microorganisms for the economical production of PHAs and its copolymers. Recent advances in PHAs to reduce the cost and to improve the performance of PHAs have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbreen Anjum
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Zuber
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan.
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Aqdas Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | | | - Shazia Tabasum
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
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45
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A Review on Grafting of Biofibers for Biocomposites. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9040303. [PMID: 28773429 PMCID: PMC5502996 DOI: 10.3390/ma9040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A recent increase in the use of biofibers as low-cost and renewable reinforcement for the polymer biocomposites has been seen globally. Biofibers are classified into: lignocellulosic fibers (i.e., cellulose, wood and natural fibers), nanocellulose (i.e., cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils), and bacterial cellulose, while polymer matrix materials can be petroleum based or bio-based. Green biocomposites can be produced using both biobased fibers and polymers. Incompatibility between the hydrophilic biofibers and hydrophobic polymer matrix can cause performance failure of resulting biocomposites. Diverse efforts have focused on the modification of biofibers in order to improve the performances of biocomposites. “Grafting” copolymerization strategy can render the advantages of biofiber and impart polymer properties onto it and the performance of biocomposites can be tuned through changing grafting parameters. This review presents a short overview of various “grafting” methods which can be directly or potentially employed to enhance the interaction between biofibers and a polymer matrix for biocomposites. Major grafting techniques, including ring opening polymerization, grafting via coupling agent and free radical induced grafting, have been discussed. Improved properties such as mechanical, thermal, and water resistance have provided grafted biocomposites with new opportunities for applications in specific industries.
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Santos FAD, Iulianelli GCV, Tavares MIB. The Use of Cellulose Nanofillers in Obtaining Polymer Nanocomposites: Properties, Processing, and Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/msa.2016.75026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mechanical and thermal properties of poly(butylene succinate)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) biodegradable blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Designing packaging materials with viscoelastic and gas barrier properties by optimized processing of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) with lignin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dhar P, Bhardwaj U, Kumar A, Katiyar V. Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)/cellulose nanocrystal films for food packaging applications: Barrier and migration studies. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prodyut Dhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Assam India
| | - Umesh Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Assam India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Assam India
| | - Vimal Katiyar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Assam India
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Martínez-Sanz M, Lopez-Rubio A, Villano M, Oliveira CSS, Majone M, Reis M, Lagarón JM. Production of bacterial nanobiocomposites of polyhydroxyalkanoates derived from waste and bacterial nanocellulose by the electrospinning enabling melt compounding method. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Sanz
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group; IATA, CSIC; Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - Amparo Lopez-Rubio
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group; IATA, CSIC; Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - Marianna Villano
- Department of Chemistry; Sapienza University of Rome; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Catarina S. S. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/CQFB; FCT/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Mauro Majone
- Department of Chemistry; Sapienza University of Rome; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Maria Reis
- REQUIMTE/CQFB; FCT/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Jose M. Lagarón
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group; IATA, CSIC; Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
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