1
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Alam I, Sharma C. Degradation of paper products due to volatile organic compounds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6426. [PMID: 37081061 PMCID: PMC10119123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Paper and packaging materials a lignocellulose-based natural biodegradable polymer that spontaneously releases acetic acid, aldehydes, alcohol, and ester-based volatile organic compounds (VOCs) upon ageing and these VOCs start degrading the paper products and decline their mechanical strength properties. The reactivity of the paper of unbleached wheat straw pulp towards acetic acid and hexanal, which has been proven to have more degrading effects on paper than other VOCs, was considered in this work. The papers were exposed to these volatile compounds for 90 days in an air-tight vessel under ambient environmental conditions. The results showed that hexanal was more destructive than acetic acid with regards to cellulose degradation and depletion in the mechanical strength properties. The paper properties like, tensile, tear and burst index, viscosity, pH and carbonyl group content was measured. The growth of the carbonyl group, evidence of the ageing effects in the paper, detected more in the paper exposed to acetic acid. However, the strength of paper properties declined more with hexanal. FE-SEM analysis of the sample showed the development of pores and damage of cellulose fibre upon ageing. Similarly, the damaging effects of VOCs on cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin were confirmed by significantly reduced peak detection through FT-IR \analysis. The high crystallinity index of the paper products due to exposure to VOCs was detected by XRD analysis, which confirmed the degradation of the low molecular weight cellulose molecule. Thus, the results are strongly recommended that VOCs that generates due to natural or artificial ageing could be the leading cause of paper degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Alam
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Chhaya Sharma
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, India.
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Knotek V, Ďurovič M, Kučerová I. The Effect of Synthetic Polymer Foams on Cellulosic Material Degradation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1210. [PMID: 36770216 PMCID: PMC9920966 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric materials are widely used at present as auxiliary materials in the preservation of tangible cultural heritage in museums, galleries, or libraries. The desired properties of such materials include chemical inertness and long lifetime, which are verified by accelerated aging tests. This work has tested three color types of PE foam Plastazote® LD45 (white, grey, and black), which is recommended for use in the field of cultural heritage preservation. The volatile organic compounds released from the foams after artificial aging and their influence on lignocellulosic materials were investigated. The cellulosic materials were artificially aged in close contact with the foams. All foams released organic acids ranging from acetic acid to hexanoic acid. White foam released organic acids to an extent higher by an order of magnitude compared to the grey and black types. A great influence of white foam on the properties of cellulosic materials was observed. There were large differences in the rate of degradation between the types of foams tested, indicating the need to develop a test method in order to determine the suitability for use in the preservation of culture heritage objects.
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Zhang X, Yan Y, Yao J, Jin S, Tang Y. Chemistry directs the conservation of paper cultural relics. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Ding L, Wang L, Nian L, Tang M, Yuan R, Shi A, Shi M, Han Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Xu Y. Non-targeted screening of volatile organic compounds in a museum in China Using GC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155277. [PMID: 35447177 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) was used in identifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a museum in China with the gas chromatograph (GC)-Orbitrap-mass spectrometer (MS). Approximately 230 VOCs were detected, of which 117 were observed at 100% frequency across all sampling sites. Although some were common in indoor environments, most of the detected VOCs were rarely reported in previous studies on museum environments. Some of the detected VOCs were found to be associated with the materials used in furnishings and the chemicals applied in conservation treatment. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that several classes of VOCs were well correlated, suggesting their common sources. Compared with compounds in outdoor air, indoor VOCs had a lower level of unsaturation and more portions of chemically reduced compounds. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were performed. The results suggested that the sampling adsorbents chosen may have a large impact and that a single type of adsorbent may not be sufficient to cover a wide range of compounds in NTA studies. The MonoTrap adsorbent containing octadecylsilane (ODS) and activated carbon (AC) is suitable for aliphatic polar compounds that contain low levels of oxygen, whereas the MonoTrap ODS and silica gel are good at sampling aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons with limited polarity. Principle component analysis (PCA) showed that the indoor VOCs changed significantly at different times in the museum; this may have been caused by the removal of artifacts and refurbishment of the gallery between sampling events. A comparison with compounds identified by chamber emission tests showed that decorative materials may have been one of the main sources of indoor VOCs in the museum. The VOCs identified in the present study are likely to be present in other similar museums; therefore, further examination may be warranted of their potential impacts on cultural heritage artifacts, museum personnel, and visitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- National Museum of China, Beijing, China
| | - Luyang Wang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Luying Nian
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Tang
- National Museum of China, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Anmei Shi
- National Museum of China, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Shi
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Museum of China, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- National Museum of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China; Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA.
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Potthast A, Ahn K, Becker M, Eichinger T, Kostic M, Böhmdorfer S, Jeong MJ, Rosenau T. Acetylation of cellulose – Another pathway of natural cellulose aging during library storage of books and papers. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Uring P, Chabas A, Alfaro SC. Textile ageing due to atmospheric gases and particles in indoor cultural heritage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66340-66354. [PMID: 34333749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Textile fibre degradation can be due to many factors. The most common cause is light exposure, but upon the lifespan of a textile, many other environmental factors are to be taken into account. This study focuses on the role of atmospheric compounds-both particulate and gaseous species-on natural textiles ageing, more specifically cotton, silk and wool. To achieve this, reference samples of textiles were exposed to contrasted environments (marine, urban and semi-rural museums and historical buildings) for natural ageing. These conditions were also reproduced in an experimental chamber dedicated to the study of the impact of airborne pollutants on heritage materials. Experimental ageing allowed to highlight degradation mechanisms for each fibre: SO2 and HCOOH cause the cleavage of cotton's glyosidic links and silk's peptide bonds, while NO2 promotes the oxidation of the fibres. The most harmful pollutant towards cotton is NO2 since it causes both its oxidation and hydrolysis. The case of wool is more complicated: HCOOH provokes peptide link cleavage (similarly to silk) but this fibre is less sensitive to SO2 attacks than silk and even seems to be protected against future alterations after having been firstly exposed to this pollutant. In any case, this experimental study evidences that damages caused by gaseous pollutants are fostered by the presence of particles, regardless of the chemical composition of the particle coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Uring
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université de Paris, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Anne Chabas
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université de Paris, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France.
| | - Stéphane C Alfaro
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université de Paris, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France
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7
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SPME-GC–MS for the off-gassing analysis of a complex museum object. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Uring P, Chabas A, Alfaro S, Derbez M. Assessment of indoor air quality for a better preventive conservation of some French museums and monuments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42850-42867. [PMID: 32720027 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air quality in museums and historical buildings is of great concern for curators, since it can be a source of various alterations on artworks. In spite of their importance, very few studies study simultaneously the concentration of main gaseous pollutants, the composition of suspended (PM), and deposited (DPM) particulate matter. The aim of this article is to carry out a first environmental assessment in French museums or monuments. Three sites representative of contrasting environments (urban, marine, semi-rural) have been selected: the Cluny Museum (Paris), the Villa Kérylos (Beaulieu-sur-Mer), and the Château de Fontainebleau. The main results show that the input of terrigenous particles (calcite, clay) due to the surrounding restoration works dominates in Cluny; the external environment (O3, RH, and marine particles) influences the interior atmosphere of the Villa Kérylos and the deliquescence of the deposited salts; against all expectations, anthropogenic particles (mascagnite and soot) are largely dominant in Fontainebleau. They are emitted in winter, when the warm, pulsating air gets dirty as it passes through the old heating ducts. This research shows the importance of particle mixtures in the environmental signature of the sites. These mixtures must be taken into account in order to reproduce indoor atmospheres in simulation chambers to achieve realistic artificial aging. This study also makes it possible to target the sources of pollution on which to act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Uring
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil, Université de Paris, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, LISA - 61, av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil CEDEX, France.
| | - Anne Chabas
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil, Université de Paris, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, LISA - 61, av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil CEDEX, France
| | - Stéphane Alfaro
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil, Université de Paris, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, LISA - 61, av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil CEDEX, France
| | - Mickaël Derbez
- Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, Observatoire de la Qualité de l'Air Intérieur, Université Paris-Est, 84, avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77477, Marne la Vallée CEDEX 2, France
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9
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Abstract
Timber is one of the most common historic building materials, but relatively little is known about how it ages in situ. Here we investigate historic and modern Scots pine to determine any chemical or mechanical differences between them. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy was used to investigate differences in the chemical composition of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) timber, comparing small samples from historic beams about 500 years old with modern timber. The hemicellulosic acetyl content was reduced by about half in the historic samples, uniformly across the thickness of the beams. A chemical mechanism was therefore suggested for the loss of acetyl groups, as has been observed in paper. In paper, deacetylation and the resulting release of acetic acid are accompanied by loss of strength. Mechanical testing of the historic timber was difficult because the available length of the samples along the grain was only 20 mm. After developing a miniaturized compression test developed for the purpose, it was shown that the relative stiffness of the historic Scots pine samples was reduced by about half compared to modern material.
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Dupont AL, Réau D, Bégin P, Paris-Lacombe S, Tétreault J, Mortha G. Accurate molar masses of cellulose for the determination of degradation rates in complex paper samples. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 202:172-185. [PMID: 30286990 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Complex cellulosic samples are often difficult to analyse with size-exclusion chromatography. The strong molecular associations of hemicelluloses and lignin with cellulose produce multimodal molar mass distributions (MMD) that are difficult to interpret. More reliable ways of calculating the molar masses of cellulose are thus necessary. This is particularly relevant when studying the kinetics of paper degradation, as the number average molar mass is the most precise indicator. In this study various data handling methods based on the deconvolution of bimodal and multimodal MMDs of complex cellulosic samples after SEC-MALS-DRI analysis are examined in order to propose more accurate paper degradation rates. Two deconvolution methods, which do or do not rely on polymer calibration curves were developed and were applied to several kraft and groundwood pulp papers unaged and hygrothermally aged. The deconvolution methods are discussed and evaluated in light of calculated cellulose activation energies, degradation rates and paper usable lifetime predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laurence Dupont
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, CNRS USR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 36 Rue Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Denis Réau
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, CNRS USR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 36 Rue Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Paul Bégin
- Canadian Conservation Institute, Canadian Heritage, 1030 Innes Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1B4S7, Canada.
| | - Sabrina Paris-Lacombe
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, CNRS USR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 36 Rue Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Jean Tétreault
- Canadian Conservation Institute, Canadian Heritage, 1030 Innes Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1B4S7, Canada.
| | - Gérard Mortha
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Papetiers (LGP2), UMR CNRS 5518, Grenoble INP-Pagora, 461 Rue de la Papeterie, BP65, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, France.
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11
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Chabas A, Sizun JP, Gentaz L, Uring P, Phan A, Coman A, Alfaro SC, Saheb M, Pangui E, Zapf P, Huet F. Water content of limestones submitted to realistic wet deposition: a CIME2 chamber simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23973-23985. [PMID: 29948673 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An experimental chamber (CIME2) has been specially designed to simulate wet atmospheric deposition on limestones used in Paris cultural heritage. This instrument is a complementary tool to CIME, a previously developed chamber dedicated to the simulation of dry atmospheric deposition on monuments and artifacts. The aim of this paper is to describe CIME2 and characterize the wet deposits produced inside it. Mist (fog), drizzle, and rainfall are differentiated in order to document their ability to saturate the limestones most currently used in Paris monuments: The Saint-Maximin's limestone, the Liais of Saint-Maximin, and the Chauvigny's limestone are tested. The comparison between normalized and environmental petrophysical data shows that in the wet deposition simulations, limestones are not systematically water-saturated. Moreover, the realistic experimental conditions chosen favor a more rapid evaporation of the stone water. The quantification of the non-saturation state is a first step that has to be taken into account to improve the geochemical models used to predict the alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chabas
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 61, av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Sizun
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Lucile Gentaz
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 61, av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Pauline Uring
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 61, av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Alain Phan
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 61, av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Adriana Coman
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 61, av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Christophe Alfaro
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 61, av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Mandana Saheb
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 61, av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 61, av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Zapf
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 61, av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Florian Huet
- OSU-Efluve, Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne, 61, av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
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Starkenmann C, Niclass Y, Beaussoubre P, Zimmermann J, Cayeux I, Chappuis CJF, Fieber W. Use of fecal and sawdust biochar as a new perfume delivery system. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Starkenmann
- Corporate R&D Division; Firmenich SA; Route des Jeunes 1 CH 1211 Geneva 8 Switzerland
| | - Yvan Niclass
- Corporate R&D Division; Firmenich SA; Route des Jeunes 1 CH 1211 Geneva 8 Switzerland
| | - Pascal Beaussoubre
- Corporate R&D Division; Firmenich SA; Route des Jeunes 1 CH 1211 Geneva 8 Switzerland
| | - Janina Zimmermann
- Corporate R&D Division; Firmenich SA; Route des Jeunes 1 CH 1211 Geneva 8 Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Cayeux
- Corporate R&D Division; Firmenich SA; Route des Jeunes 1 CH 1211 Geneva 8 Switzerland
| | | | - Wolfgang Fieber
- Corporate R&D Division; Firmenich SA; Route des Jeunes 1 CH 1211 Geneva 8 Switzerland
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Meyer F, Volland G. A New Housing Concept for the Karl Friedrich Schinkel Collection: Chemical and Mechanical Aspects. RESTAURATOR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIBRARY AND ARCHIVAL MATERIAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/res-2016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper describes the measures taken to rehouse the collection of drawings and prints by Karl Friedrich Schinkel in the Kupferstichkabinett Berlin. Previously, the collection had been exposed to high concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Housing the artworks in piles inside portfolios had caused mechanical damage. The VOC concentration in the object’s environment was reduced by replacing the main emission sources with low-emissive materials, by increasing the air exchange rate of the cabinets, and by sealing emission sources that could not be removed from the cabinets. It was decided to dispense with the application of any chemisorbents since they proved to be ineffective for the given storage situation. To avoid further mechanical damage, the objects were inserted into folders made either from cardboard or, depending on the characteristics and sensitivity of the object, from a combination of cardboard and polyester film. Groups of artworks were stored in new, lightweight enclosures that combine the advantages of the Solander box, the corrugated cardboard box, and the four-flap portfolio. Crosswise bonding of the corrugated boards provides sufficient stability. The joints that are particularly subjected to stress were reinforced with fabric. These new enclosures protect the objects from slipping and lateral impact. The historic portfolios were preserved as documentary material and are now stored in a separate place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Meyer
- 1Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Volland
- 2University Stuttgart – Material Testing Institute (MPA)-Otto-Graf-Institute, Stuttgart, Germany
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Tong X, Liu Z, Chen XQ, Shen WH. Analysis and pollution sources speculations of toxic gases in a secondary fiber paper mill. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2016; 51:1149-1156. [PMID: 27459440 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1206382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper quantitatively investigates the compositions of the gaseous pollutants in the ambient air of a secondary fiber paper mill. Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), formaldehyde (HCHO), sulfur compounds (H2S), and hydrocarbon compounds (CxHy) were analyzed on six sampling sites with photo-ionisation detector, acetylacetone spectrophotometric method, and gas detector. The results revealed that, the high levels of TVOC and CxHy were detected at the wet end of paper machine and the office area, respectively; all the H2S contents on the six sites exceeded the limit (0.06 mg m(-3)) seriously; the HCHO concentrations at other five sites were out of the limit (0.10 mg m(-3)) except for the wastewater treatment plant. Furthermore, the necessary discussions about the possible pollution sources were considered on the process flow, the chemical agents used, and the ambient conditions in the paper mill. For the sake of air pollution control in paper mills, these remarkable results and analysis lay some technical basis in the following researches that should attract more attentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- a State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Zhang Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Xiao Q Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Wen H Shen
- a State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , P.R. China
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15
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Becker M, Meyer F, Jeong MJ, Ahn K, Henniges U, Potthast A. The museum in a test tube – Adding a third dimension to the evaluation of the impact of volatile organic acids on paper. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Chabas A, Fouqueau A, Attoui M, Alfaro SC, Petitmangin A, Bouilloux A, Saheb M, Coman A, Lombardo T, Grand N, Zapf P, Berardo R, Duranton M, Durand-Jolibois R, Jerome M, Pangui E, Correia JJ, Guillot I, Nowak S. Characterisation of CIME, an experimental chamber for simulating interactions between materials of the cultural heritage and the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19170-19183. [PMID: 26250811 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An approach consisting in combining in situ and laboratory experiments is often favoured for investigating the mechanisms involved in the weathering of the materials of the cultural heritage. However, the realistic simulation in the laboratory of the environmental conditions ruling the interactions of atmospheric compounds with materials is a very complex task. The aim of this work is to characterise CIME, a new chamber specially built to simulate the interactions between materials of the cultural heritage and the environment. The originality of this instrument is that beside the usual climatic parameters (temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation) and gaseous pollutants, it also allows the controlled injection of different types of particulate matter such as terrigenous, marine and anthropogenic. Therefore, varied realistic atmospheric environments (marine or urban) can be easily simulated within CIME. In addition to the technical description of CIME, this paper shows the first results obtained by the impact of gaseous pollutants on non-durable glass, bronze and limestone. The first experiments for the deposition of different particles (calcite, clays, soot and halite) are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chabas
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France.
| | - A Fouqueau
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - M Attoui
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - S C Alfaro
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - A Petitmangin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - A Bouilloux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - M Saheb
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - A Coman
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - T Lombardo
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - N Grand
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - P Zapf
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - R Berardo
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - M Duranton
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - R Durand-Jolibois
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - M Jerome
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - E Pangui
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR7583, Université Paris Est-Créteil-Université Paris Diderot-CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - J J Correia
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, CNRS-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
| | - I Guillot
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux-CNRS-Université Paris Est, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320, Thiais, France
| | - S Nowak
- Interface, Traitement Organisation et DYnamique des Systèmes, UMR 7086 CNRS Université Paris Diderot, 15 Rue Jean Antoine de Baïf, 75013, Paris, France
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Jeong MJ, Dupont AL, de la Rie ER. Degradation of cellulose at the wet–dry interface. II. Study of oxidation reactions and effect of antioxidants. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:671-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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