1
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Liu M, Lu Q, Siddique MS, Yu W. Molecular-weight dependent promotion and competition effects of natural organic matter on dissolved black carbon removal by coagulation. Chemosphere 2024; 356:141940. [PMID: 38588894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is the ubiquitous component of dissolved organic matter pools with the high reactivity for disinfection byproducts formation. However, it is unknown that the influence of molecular weight (MW) of natural organic matter (NOM) on the DBC removal from potable water sources. Therefore, it was studied that the DBC removal by coagulation in the presence of the NOM with various molecular weights. The DBC removal was promoted due to the presence of NOM and the promotion degree decreased with decreasing MW of NOM. Furthermore, the removal ratio of humic-like component increased as the MW of NOM decreased, suggesting that the competition between DBC and NOM increased with decreasing MW. The functional groups after coagulation were the same with that before coagulation as the MW of NOM varied, suggesting that the molecular structure was not the key factor of influencing the DBC removal. This study will give the deep insight into the prediction of the DBC removal ratio by coagulation based on the MW of NOM in water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Qingxuan Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, China.
| | - Muhammad Saboor Siddique
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua-Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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2
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Sun M, Liu H, Liu F, Yang H, Cheng G. The effect of the ageing process on the desorption of nonylphenol in black carbon-sediment systems: a kineto-mechanistic and modeling investigation. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2024; 26:499-509. [PMID: 38318974 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00446e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) exhibits promising potential as a sediment amendment owing to its commendable adsorption capacity for hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), thereby resulting in HOC-laden sediments. Desorption kinetic studies play a crucial role in comprehending the release potential of HOCs from BC-sediment systems. Although the adsorption capacity of BC for HOCs has been found to decrease with aging, there is limited research on its impact on HOC desorption kinetics. In this study, BCs derived from agricultural waste (rice straw carbon, RC) and industrial waste (fly ash carbon, FC), respectively, were used to investigate the desorption kinetics of nonylphenol (NP). Additionally, a predictive model was established using the fitting parameters obtained from the modified two-domain model. The results showed that desorption of NP was divided into three fractions: rapid fraction (Frap), slow fraction (Fslow) and resistant fraction (Fr). BCs significantly decreased, while ageing increased the desorption amount and rate of NP. The performance of RC in controlling NP release was superior to that of FC. The predicted values calculated by the established model exhibit significant positive correlations with the measured values (p < 0.01). Additionally, the correlation analysis between sorption sites and desorption fractions revealed that the concentration of NP in the desorbing fraction was nearly equivalent to that of NP in partition sites within aged sediment/FC-sediment systems. However, the aged RC-sediment systems do not conform well to this rule. In other words, the estimation of NP release risk from sediments with a strong adsorbent would be overestimated, if Frap + Fsolw is considered equivalent to the desorbing fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (AEET), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Liu
- Environmental Science, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Feixiang Liu
- Ecological Environment Bureau of Rizhao, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK.
| | - Guanghuan Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (AEET), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
- Environmental Science, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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3
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Li L, Cheng W, Xie X, Zhao R, Wang Y, Wang Z. Photo-Reactivity of dissolved black carbon unveiled by combination of optical spectroscopy and FT-ICR MS analysis: Effects of pyrolysis temperature. Water Res 2024; 251:121138. [PMID: 38244298 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved black carbon (DBC) has high photoactivity, which plays an important role in contaminants photodegradation. However, it is unclear how pyrolysis temperatures would affect the composition and photo-reactivity of DBC at the molecular level. Herein, we combined complementary techniques to study the characteristics of DBC pyrolyzed at 200 - 500 ℃, as well as the photoproduction of reactive species and the photodegradation of tetracycline (TC). Bulk composition characterization found that condensed aromatic carbonyl compounds (ConAC) with narrow molecular weights in DBC experienced an increase from 200 to 500 °C, which enhanced the photoproduction of 3DBC*,1O2, and ·OH. Molecular-level data suggested that 3DBC* and 1O2 were both related to the same DBC compounds. Comparatively, the patterns for ·OH were less pronounced, implying its precursor was not 3DBC* and had more complexity. Plentiful CHOx species of ConAC in DBC400 and DBC500 (DBCT, where T = pyrolysis temperature) accelerated the generation of 3DBC* and 1O2, enhancing the photodegradation of TC, and mainly triplet states of quinones reacted with TC. In contrast, DBC200 and DBC300 exhibited inhibition since massive CHOx species in lignin-like reduced 3TC* to TC. Our data revealed the diverse photochemical behavior mechanisms of DBC pyrolyzed at 200 - 500 ℃ at the molecular level and the implications for aquatic contaminants photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wan Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Ranran Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhaowei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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4
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Dai F, Liu N, Bai Z, Wang C, Cao J, Shi M. Insight into high-performance of La-Ce-MnOx oxides with different calcination temperatures for diesel soot combustion. Environ Technol 2024; 45:306-314. [PMID: 35924754 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2109994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
A series of La-Ce-MnOx catalysts derived from the precipitation of acetate salt and ammonium carbonate were calcined at different temperatures and applied for the catalytic oxidation of soot from diesel exhausts. The structure states of the as-prepared catalysts and catalytic behaviour for soot oxidation were studied by many characterization techniques such as XRD, XANES, N2 adsorption-desorption, TPR, O2-TPD, XPS and TGA. XANES results display most Mn species are Mn4+ when the samples are calcined at 500 and 600°C. However, for MCLa-700 and MCLa-800 catalysts, the predominance valence is 3+ ions. The MCLa-500 and MCLa-600 catalysts possess higher concentrations of surface active oxygen evidenced by H2-TPR and soot-TPR. Therefore, the combustion rate of soot over MCLa-600 catalyst is remarkably increased with the T10, T50 and T90 at 318°C, 360°C and 388°C under NOx atmosphere respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, Chenzhou, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangting Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Midong Shi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, Chenzhou, People's Republic of China
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5
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Wang L, Wen W, Yan J, Zhang R, Li C, Jiang H, Chen S, Pardo M, Zhu K, Jia B, Zhang W, Bai Z, Shi L, Cheng Y, Rudich Y, Morawska L, Chen J. Influence of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds and Oxidation States of Soot Organics on the Metabolome of Human-Lung Cells (A549): Implications for Vehicle Fuel Selection. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:21593-21604. [PMID: 37955649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research have established the toxicity of soot particles resulting from incomplete combustion. However, the unique chemical compounds responsible for adverse health effects have remained uncertain. This study utilized mass spectrometry to analyze the chemical composition of extracted soot organics at three oxidation states, aiming to establish quantitative relationships between potentially toxic chemicals and their impact on human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) through metabolomics-based evaluations. Targeted analysis using MS/MS indicated that particles with a medium oxidation state contained the highest total abundance of compounds, particularly oxygen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) composed of fused benzene rings and unsaturated carbonyls, which may cause oxidative stress, characterized by the upregulation of three specific metabolites. Further investigation focused on three specific OPAH standards: 1,4-naphthoquinone, 9-fluorenone, and anthranone. Pathway analysis indicated that exposure to these compounds affected transcriptional functions, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, cell proliferation, and the oxidative stress response. Biodiesel combustion emissions had higher concentrations of PAHs, OPAHs, and nitrogen-containing PAHs (NPAHs) compared with other fuels. Quinones and 9,10-anthraquinone were identified as the dominant compounds within the OPAH category. This knowledge enhances our understanding of the compounds contributing to adverse health effects observed in epidemiological studies and highlights the role of aerosol composition in toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiaqian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Runqi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hongxing Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shaofeng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ke Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Boyue Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhe Bai
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Longbo Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yingjun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (ILAQH), School of Earth of Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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6
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Huang J, Wang S, Gao J, Wang Y, Ma C, Tian G, Chen H. Insight into the effect of catalytic reactions on correlations of soot oxidation activity and microspatial structures. Environ Pollut 2023; 327:121540. [PMID: 37019256 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst is usually coated on Diesel particulate filter (DPF) for assisted regeneration. In this paper, the oxidation activity and pore structure evolutions of soot under the effect of CeO2 are explored. CeO2 effectively increases the oxidation activity of soot and reduces the initial activation energy; in the meantime, the addition of CeO2 changes the soot oxidation mode. Pure soot particles tend to produce the porous structure in the oxidation process. Mesopores promote the diffusion of oxygen, and macropores contribute to reduce the agglomeration of soot particles. Additionally, CeO2 provides the active oxygen for soot oxidation and promotes the multi-point oxidation at the beginning of soot oxidation. With the oxidation proceeding, catalysis causes the collapsion of soot microspatial structures, in the meantime, the macropores caused by the catalytic oxidation are filled by CeO2. It results in the tight contact between soot and catalyst, further promoting the formation of the available active oxygen for soot oxidation. This paper is meaningful to analyze the oxidation mechanism of soot under catalysis, which lays a foundation for improving the regeneration efficiency of DPF and reducing the particle emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Jianbing Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China.
| | - Yufeng Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Chaochen Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Guohong Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Haibo Chen
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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7
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Leskinen J, Hartikainen A, Väätäinen S, Ihalainen M, Virkkula A, Mesceriakovas A, Tiitta P, Miettinen M, Lamberg H, Czech H, Yli-Pirilä P, Tissari J, Jakobi G, Zimmermann R, Sippula O. Photochemical Aging Induces Changes in the Effective Densities, Morphologies, and Optical Properties of Combustion Aerosol Particles. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:5137-5148. [PMID: 36944040 PMCID: PMC10077587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Effective density (ρeff) is an important property describing particle transportation in the atmosphere and in the human respiratory tract. In this study, the particle size dependency of ρeff was determined for fresh and photochemically aged particles from residential combustion of wood logs and brown coal, as well as from an aerosol standard (CAST) burner. ρeff increased considerably due to photochemical aging, especially for soot agglomerates larger than 100 nm in mobility diameter. The increase depends on the presence of condensable vapors and agglomerate size and can be explained by collapsing of chain-like agglomerates and filling of their voids and formation of secondary coating. The measured and modeled particle optical properties suggest that while light absorption, scattering, and the single-scattering albedo of soot particle increase during photochemical processing, their radiative forcing remains positive until the amount of nonabsorbing coating exceeds approximately 90% of the particle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Leskinen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Anni Hartikainen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Sampsa Väätäinen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Mika Ihalainen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Aki Virkkula
- Atmospheric
Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological
Institute, Helsinki FI-00560, Finland
| | - Arunas Mesceriakovas
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Petri Tiitta
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
- Finnish
Meteorological Institute, Atmospheric Research
Centre of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Mirella Miettinen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Heikki Lamberg
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
and Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München 81379, Germany
| | - Pasi Yli-Pirilä
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Jarkko Tissari
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Gert Jakobi
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
and Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München 81379, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
and Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München 81379, Germany
| | - Olli Sippula
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu 80101, Finland
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8
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Rocha RG, de Faria LV, Silva VF, Muñoz RAA, Richter EM. Carbon Black Integrated Polylactic Acid Electrodes Obtained by Fused Deposition Modeling: A Powerful Tool for Sensing of Sulfanilamide Residues in Honey Samples. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:3060-3067. [PMID: 36720110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulfanilamide (SFL) is used to prevent infections in honeybees. However, many regulatory agencies prohibit or establish maximum levels of SFL residues in honey samples. Hence, we developed a low-cost and portable electrochemical method for SFL detection using a disposable device produced through 3D printing technology. In the proposed approach, the working electrode was printed using a conductive filament based on carbon black and polylactic acid and it was associated with square wave voltammetry (SWV). Under optimized SWV parameters, linear concentration ranges (1-10 μmol L-1 and 12.5-35.0 μmol L-1), a detection limit of 0.26 μmol L-1 (0.05 mg L-1), and suitable RSD values (2.4% for inter-electrode; n = 3) were achieved. The developed method was selective in relation to other antibiotics applied in honey samples, requiring only dilution in the electrolyte. The recovery values (85-120%) obtained by SWV were statistically similar (95% confidence level) to those obtained by HPLC, attesting to the accuracy of the analysis and the absence of matrix interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel G Rocha
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Avila, 2121, 38408-100 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas V de Faria
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Avila, 2121, 38408-100 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa F Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Avila, 2121, 38408-100 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Muñoz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Avila, 2121, 38408-100 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis-INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Avila, 2121, 38408-100 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis-INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Hsiao TC, Han CL, Yang TT, Lee YL, Shen YF, Jheng YT, Lee CH, Chang JH, Chung KF, Kuo HP, Chuang HC. Importance of surface charge of soot nanoparticles in determining inhalation toxicity in mice. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:18985-18997. [PMID: 36223019 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles are important in regulating nanoparticle toxicity; however, the contribution of nanoparticle charge remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the pulmonary effects of inhalation of charged soot nanoparticles. We established a stably charged nanoparticle generation system for whole-body exposure in BALB/c mice, which produced positively charged, negatively charged, and neutral soot nanoparticles in a wide range of concentrations. After a 7-day exposure, pulmonary toxicity was assessed, together with proteomics analysis. The charged soot nanoparticles on average carried 1.17-1.35 electric charges, and the sizes for nanoparticles under different charging conditions were all fixed at 69 ~ 72 nm. We observed that charged soot nanoparticles induced cytotoxic LDH and increased lung permeability, with the release of 8-isoprostane and caspase-3 and systemic IL-6 in mice, especially for positively charged soot nanoparticles. Next, we observed that positive-charged soot nanoparticles upregulated Eif2, Eif4, sirtuin, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), and HIPPO-related signaling pathways in the lungs compared with negatively charged soot nanoparticles. HIF1α, sirt1, E-cadherin, and Yap were increased in mice's lungs by positively charged soot nanoparticle exposure. In conclusion, carbonaceous nanoparticles carrying electric ions, especially positive-charged, are particularly toxic when inhaled and should be of concern in terms of pulmonary health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Han
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsin Chu City, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Lun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fang Shen
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Center University, Tauyoun, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Teng Jheng
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Hong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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10
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Liu Y, Wu S, Fan C, Wang X, Liu F, Chen H. Variations in surface functional groups, carbon chemical state and graphitization degree during thermal deactivation of diesel soot particles. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:678-687. [PMID: 36182173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The thermal deactivation of diesel soot particles exerts a significant influence on the control strategy for the regeneration of diesel particulate filters (DPFs). This work focused on the changes in the surface functional groups, carbon chemical state, and graphitization degree during thermal treatment in an inert gas environment at intermediate temperatures of 600°C, 800°C, and 1000°C and explore the chemical species that were desorbed from the diesel soot surface during thermal treatment using a thermogravimetric analyser coupled with a gas-chromatograph mass spectrometer (TGA-GC/MS). The surface functional groups and carbon chemical state were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The graphitization degree was evaluated by means of Raman spectroscopy (RS). The concentrations of aliphatic C-H, C-OH, C=O, and O-C=O groups are reduced for diesel soot and carbon black when increasing the thermal treatment temperature, while the sp2/sp3 hybridized ratio and graphitization degree enhance. These results provide comprehensive evidence of the decreased reactivity of soot samples. Among oxygenated functional groups, the percentage reduction during thermal treatment is the largest for the O-C=O groups owing to its worst thermodynamic stability. TGA-GC/MS results show that the aliphatic and aromatic chains and oxygenated species would be desorbed from the soot surface during 1000°C thermal treatment of diesel soot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sijin Wu
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Chenyang Fan
- Vehicle & Transportation Engineering Institute, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Vehicle & Transportation Engineering Institute, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Fangjie Liu
- Vehicle & Transportation Engineering Institute, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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11
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Ye Y, Wang Z, Liu L, Qi K, Xie X. Novel insights into the temporal molecular fractionation of dissolved black carbon at the iron oxyhydroxide - water interface. Water Res 2023; 229:119410. [PMID: 36462262 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As the most reactive and mobile fraction of black carbon, dissolved black carbon (DBC) inexorably interacts with minerals in the biosphere. Nevertheless, the research on the mechanisms and compositions of DBC assembly at the mineral-water interface remains limited. In this study, we revealed the "kinetic architecture" of DBC on iron oxyhydroxide at novel insights based on quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results indicated that high molecular weight, highly unsaturated, oxygen-rich (such as carboxyl-rich fraction, phenolics), aliphatics, and long C chains compounds were preferentially adsorbed on the iron oxyhydroxide. 2D-COS analyses directly disclosed the sequential fractionation: aromatic and phenolic groups > aliphatic groups, and few aromatics were continuously adsorbed after the rapid adsorption. Quantitative determinations identified that aromatic and phenolic components were adsorbed rapidly over the first 60 min, while aromatics achieved the dynamic equilibrium until ∼300 min, which was consistent with the 2D-COS observations. Our findings supported the hypothesis that "mineral-OM" and "OM-OM" interactions worked simultaneously, and the adsorption might be co-driven by ligand exchange, hydrophobic interactions, and other mechanisms. This work provided the theoretical basis for organic carbon storage and turnover, and it was valuable for predicting the behaviors and fates of contaminants at the soil-water interface and surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Ye
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zhaowei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Kemin Qi
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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12
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Qiao Y, Wang C, Lyu G, Jing Z, Li Y, Song C. Understanding the reaction kinetics of diesel exhaust soot during oxidation process. Chemosphere 2023; 311:136980. [PMID: 36283428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to better understand the reaction kinetics of diesel exhaust soot during oxidation process. A thermogravimetric analyzer was used to oxidize real diesel exhaust soot generated from a Euro VI diesel engine under non-isothermal conditions. The Friedman-Reich-Levi method and the Sestak-Berggren model were used to determine the oxidation kinetics. Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were employed to follow the changes of the soot structure during oxidation. The activation energy gradually increased with increasing conversion level during soot oxidation. The oxidation process of diesel exhaust soot could be described as three-step kinetics, and the calculated conversions fitted the experimental results very well. The kinetic predictions of diesel soot oxidation that were obtained using the proposed kinetic models were more accurate and precise than those with the common first-order model. The structural order increased as oxidation progressed, which was responsible for the increased activation energy. The structural ordering was principally caused by the preferential oxidation of the disordered fraction in the diesel soot, especially for the amorphous carbon, which was oxidized in the initial stage of the oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Gang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ziming Jing
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Yunqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chonglin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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13
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de Oliveira FM, Mendonça MZM, de Moraes NC, Petroni JM, Neves MM, de Melo EI, Lucca BG, Bezerra da Silva RA. Exploring the coating of 3D-printed insulating substrates with conductive composites: a simple, cheap and versatile strategy to prepare customized high-performance electrochemical sensors. Anal Methods 2022; 14:3345-3354. [PMID: 35979860 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of 3D-printed electrochemical sensors by fused deposition modeling (FDM) has been increasing exponentially in the last five years. In this context, commercial conductive filaments composed of a blend of carbon particles (e.g., graphene or carbon black (CB)) and insulating thermoplastic polymers (e.g., polylactic acid (PLA) or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)) have been widely used for electrode fabrication. However, such materials may be expensive and the electrodes when used "as-printed" exhibit poor electrochemical performance as a function of the low content of conductive particles in the composition (∼10 to 20 wt%), which requires one or more post-treatment steps (e.g. polishing, chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical) to reach good electrochemical performance. In this technical note a less used approach to produce "ready-to-use" electrochemical platforms based on 3D printing is explored, which consists of the coating of 3D-printed insulating substrates with homemade conductive composites. To demonstrate the potentiality of this alternative protocol, 3D-printed ABS insulating substrates at two geometries were coated in a highly loaded graphite (55 wt%) homemade composite (G-ABS) and evaluated for the detection of the ferri/ferrocyanide redox probe and model analytes in stationary and hydrodynamic 3D-printed systems (nitrite in micro-flow injection analysis/μFIA and paracetamol in batch injection analysis/BIA, respectively). The analytical parameters acquired with the coated electrodes were comparable to those obtained using conventional electrodes (glassy carbon, boron-doped diamond and carbon screen-printed) and 3D-printed sensors fabricated with commercial filaments. Moreover, the inclusion of carbon black in the fluid conductive composite was demonstrated as a perspective to obtain modified coated 3D-printed surfaces easily for the first time. This alternative "do it yourself" strategy is promising for the large-scale production of very cheap (US$ 0.08) and high-performance electrodes based on FDM 3D printing. Moreover, this approach dispenses the acquisition of commercial conductive filaments and the laborious development of homemade filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matheus Meneguel Neves
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Edmar Isaias de Melo
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo, MG, 38500-000, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Gabriel Lucca
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
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14
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Li Z, Jiang W, Chu H, Ge J, Wang X, Jiang J, Xiao Q, Meng Q, Hao W, Wei X. Exploration of potential mechanism of interleukin-33 up-regulation caused by 1,4-naphthoquinone black carbon in RAW264.7 cells. Sci Total Environ 2022; 835:155357. [PMID: 35452731 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As air pollution has been paid more attention to by public in recent years, effects and mechanism in particulate matter-triggered health problems become a focus of research. Lysosomes and mitochondria play an important role in regulation of inflammation. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been proved to promote inflammation in our previous studies. In this research, macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was used to explore the potential mechanism of upregulation of IL-33 induced by 1,4-naphthoquinone black carbon (1,4-NQ-BC), and to explore changes of lysosomes and mitochondria during the process. RESULTS 50 μg/mL 1,4-NQ-BC exposure for 24 h dramatically increased expression of IL-33 in RAW264.7 cells. Lysosomal membrane permeability was damaged by 1,4-NQ-BC treatment, and higher mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS level were induced by 1,4-NQ-BC. The results of proteomics suggested that expression of ferritin light chain was increased after cells were challenged with 1,4-NQ-BC, and it was verified by Western blot. Meanwhile, expressions of p62 and LC3B-II were increased by 50 μg/mL 1,4-NQ-BC in RAW264.7 cells. Ultimately, expression of IL-33 could return to same level as control in cells treated with 50 μg/mL 1,4-NQ-BC and 50 μM deferoxamine combined. CONCLUSIONS 1,4-NQ-BC induces IL-33 upregulation in RAW264.7 cells, and it is responsible for higher lysosomal membrane permeability and ROS level, lower mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibition of autophagy. Ferritin light chain possibly plays an important role in the upregulation of IL-33 evoked by 1,4-NQ-BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekang Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Wanyu Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Hongqian Chu
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Jianhong Ge
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qianqian Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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15
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Wang W, Zhao S, Tang X, Chen C, Yi H. Stainless steel catalyst for air pollution control: structure, properties, and activity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:55367-55399. [PMID: 35672638 PMCID: PMC9173842 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the awakening of environmental awareness, the importance of air quality to human health and the proper functioning of social mechanisms is becoming increasingly prominent. The low cost and high efficiency of catalytic technique makes it a natural choice for achieving deep air purification. Stainless steel alloys have demonstrated their full potential for application in a variety of catalytic fields. The diversity of 3D networks or fibrous structures increases the turbulence within the heterogeneous catalysis, balance the temperature distribution in the reaction bed and, in combination with a highly thermally conductive skeleton, avoid agglomeration and deactivation of the active components; corrosion resistance and thermal stability are adapted to highly endothermic/exothermic or corrosive reaction environments; oxide layers formed by bulk transition metals activated by thermal treatment or etching can significantly alter the physico-chemical properties between the substrate and active species, further improving the stability of stainless steel catalysts; suitable electronic conductivity can be applied to the electrothermal catalysis, which is expected to provide guidance for the reduction of intermittent emission exhausts and the storage of renewable energy. The current applications of stainless steel as catalyst or support in the air purification have covered soot particle capture and combustion, catalytic oxidation of VOCs, SCR, and air sterilization. This paper summarizes several preparation methods and presents the relationships between the preparation process and the activity, and reviews its application and the current status of research in atmospheric environmental management, proposing the advantages and challenges of the stainless steel-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shunzheng Zhao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chaoqi Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Honghong Yi
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
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16
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Zhu J, Sheng M, Shang J, Kuang Y, Shi X, Qiu X. Photocatalytic Role of Atmospheric Soot Particles under Visible-Light Irradiation: Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, Self-Oxidation Process, and Induced Higher Oxidative Potential and Cytotoxicity. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:7668-7678. [PMID: 35537182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is known that there are semiconductor oxides involved in mineral dust, which have photocatalytic properties. However, soot particles contained in carbonaceous aerosol and their photoactivity under sunlight are rarely realized. In this study, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals were generated upon visible-light irradiation of soot particles, and the production activity was consistent with the carbonaceous core content, indicating that the atmospheric soot particles can serve as a potential photocatalyst. The increase of oxygen-containing functional groups, environmentally persistent free radicals, oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the oxidative potential (OP) of soot after irradiation confirmed the occurrence of visible-light-triggered photocatalytic oxidation of the soot itself. The mechanism analyses suggested that the carbonaceous core caused the production of ROS, which subsequently oxidize the extractable organic species on the soot surface. It is oxidized organic extracts that are responsible for the enhancements of the OP, cell mortality, and intracellular ROS generation. These new findings shed light on both the photocatalytic role of the soot and the importance of ROS during the photochemical self-oxidation of soot triggered by visible light and will promote a more comprehensive understanding of both the atmospheric chemical behavior and health effects of soot particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mengshuang Sheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu Kuang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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17
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Ma H, Li J, Zhou J, Luo Q, Wu W, Mao Z, Ma W. Screen-Printed Carbon Black/Recycled Sericin@Fabrics for Wearable Sensors to Monitor Sweat Loss. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:11813-11819. [PMID: 35226452 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors to monitor human sweat loss are important for real-time health monitoring, requiring electrically conductive, mechanically flexible fabrics as working electrodes. Here, a textile-based sweat monitor was fabricated by screen printing of carbon black and recycled sericin on cotton fabrics. The obtained fabric with excellent flexibility, good hydrophilicity (86°), and proper resistivity (61.7 Ω/cm2) can be used as a working electrode for a wearable sweat monitor. A wearable sweat monitor is highly sensitive (42.7% in acidic sweat), flexible, and can be washed (99.1% retention after 30 washes). This work offers a promising approach for the fabrication of wearable sensors and promotes the widespread applications of personalized health-monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Short-Flow Printing and Dyeing New Technology of Shandong Province, Binzhou 256617, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Jiangsu Textiles Quality Services Inspection Testing Institute, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiulan Luo
- College of Fashion & Design, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- National Manufacturing Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- College of Textile and Garment, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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18
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Kumar S, Li A, Thadhani NN, Prausnitz MR. Optimization of intracellular macromolecule delivery by nanoparticle-mediated photoporation. Nanomedicine 2021; 37:102431. [PMID: 34175453 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated photoporation is a novel delivery platform for intracellular molecule delivery. We studied the dependence of macromolecular delivery on molecular weight and sought to enhance delivery efficiency. DU145 prostate cancer cells were exposed to pulsed laser beam in the presence of carbon-black nanoparticles. Intracellular uptake of molecules decreased with increasing molecular weight. Attributing this dependence to molecular diffusivity, we hypothesized that macromolecular delivery efficiency could be enhanced by increasing either laser fluence or laser exposure duration at low fluence. We observed increased percentages of macromolecule uptake by cells in both cases. However, trade-off between cell uptake and viability loss was most favorable at low laser fluence (25-29 mJ/cm2) and longer exposure durations (4-5 min). We conclude that long exposure at low laser fluence optimizes intracellular macromolecule delivery by nanoparticle-mediated photoporation, which may be explained by longer time for macromolecules to diffuse into cells, during and between laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simple Kumar
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Naresh N Thadhani
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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19
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Fabiani L, Saroglia M, Galatà G, De Santis R, Fillo S, Luca V, Faggioni G, D'Amore N, Regalbuto E, Salvatori P, Terova G, Moscone D, Lista F, Arduini F. Magnetic beads combined with carbon black-based screen-printed electrodes for COVID-19: A reliable and miniaturized electrochemical immunosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112686. [PMID: 33086175 PMCID: PMC7833515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion of novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus over the world generated COVID-19 pandemic event as reported by World Health Organization on March 2020. The huge issue is the high infectivity and the absence of vaccine and customised drugs allowing for hard management of this outbreak, thus a rapid and on site analysis is a need to contain the spread of COVID-19. Herein, we developed an electrochemical immunoassay for rapid and smart detection of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in saliva. The electrochemical assay was conceived for Spike (S) protein or Nucleocapsid (N) protein detection using magnetic beads as support of immunological chain and secondary antibody with alkaline phosphatase as immunological label. The enzymatic by-product 1-naphtol was detected using screen-printed electrodes modified with carbon black nanomaterial. The analytical features of the electrochemical immunoassay were evaluated using the standard solution of S and N protein in buffer solution and untreated saliva with a detection limit equal to 19 ng/mL and 8 ng/mL in untreated saliva, respectively for S and N protein. Its effectiveness was assessed using cultured virus in biosafety level 3 and in saliva clinical samples comparing the data using the nasopharyngeal swab specimens tested with Real-Time PCR. The agreement of the data, the low detection limit achieved, the rapid analysis (30 min), the miniaturization, and portability of the instrument combined with the easiness to use and no-invasive sampling, confer to this analytical tool high potentiality for market entry as the first highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 detection in untreated saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fabiani
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Saroglia
- University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galatà
- GTS Consulting S.r.l., Via Consolare Pompea 1, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Fillo
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Luca
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nino D'Amore
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Genciana Terova
- University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, Varese, Italy
| | - Danila Moscone
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabiana Arduini
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy; SENSE4MED, Via Renato Rascel 30, 00128, Rome, Italy.
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20
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Zhao Q, Li J, Sarkar B, Wu W, Li B, Liu R, Nawaz M, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Wang H, Wu Z. Sorption mechanisms of lead on soil-derived black carbon formed under varying cultivation systems. Chemosphere 2020; 261:128220. [PMID: 33113653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge about lead (Pb) sorption on soil-derived black carbons (SBCs) under different cultivation intensities of soils is limited. In this study, chemical and spectroscopic methods were applied to investigate the Pb sorption mechanisms on SBCs in soils from a forest land, a rubber plantation area, and a vegetable farm with none, less and highly intensive cultivation, respectively, that are located in the Hainan Island of China. Results showed that the specific surface area and cation exchange capacity of the SBCs from the less and highly intensive cultivation soils were 4.5- and 2.7-fold, and 1.3- and 1.8-fold higher compared to that of SBC from the no-cultivation soil, which subsequently enhanced the Pb sorption capacities of SBCs in iron exchange fraction. Ion exchange and hydrogen bonded Pb fractions together accounted for about 80% of total Pb sorbed on all SBCs at an externally added 1000 mg L-1 Pb solution concentration. The OC-O groups also played key roles in Pb sorption by forming complexes of OC-O-Pb-O and/or OC-O-Pb. Overall, SBCs in soils under all studied cultivation intensities showed high potential to sorb Pb (with the maximum absorbed Pb amount of 46.0-91.3 mg g-1), and increased Pb sorption capacities of the studied soils by 18.7-21.1 mg kg-1 in the stable fraction (complexation). Therefore, SBC might be a potential environment-friendly material to enhance the Pb immobilization capacity of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Zhao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Weidong Wu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Boling Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ruichun Liu
- Flood Control and Drought Relief Office of Hangjin County, Ordos, 017400, China
| | - Mohsin Nawaz
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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21
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Liu L, Chen J, He X, Hao S, Lian Z, Wang B. First determination of extracellular paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in the culture medium of toxigenic dinoflagellates by HILIC-HRMS. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 204:111042. [PMID: 32738626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins have received considerable attention in recent years because of their adverse effects on marine breeding industries and human health. In this study, a reliable method for the analysis of extracellular PSP toxins in the culture medium of marine toxic dinoflagellates was developed for the first time using graphitized carbon black-solid-phase extraction and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. The limit of quantification of typical PSP toxins in algal culture medium ranged from 0.072 μg/L to 0.151 μg/L under optimal conditions. Satisfactory absolute recoveries (87.5%-102.4%), precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 7.6%), and linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9998) were also achieved. In addition, the proposed method was applied to screen and determine the extracellular PSP toxins of two typical toxigenic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium tamarense. The total concentrations of the extracellular PSP toxins in A. minutum and A. tamarense over the whole growth period were within 2.0-735.5 and 2.0-19.2 μg/L, respectively. The concentrations of extracellular PSP toxins varied remarkably in the different growth stages of A. minutum and A. tamarense, and the contents of some extracellular PSP toxins were substantially higher than those of intracellular PSP toxins. Therefore, the extracellular PSP toxins released by toxigenic red tide algae cannot be ignored, and their environmental fate, bioavailability, and potential harm to aquatic environment need to be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, China; Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiuping He
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Shuang Hao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, China; Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Ziru Lian
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, China.
| | - Baodong Wang
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
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22
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Jankovská Z, Večeř M, Koutník I, Matějová L. A Case Study of Waste Scrap Tyre-Derived Carbon Black Tested for Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, and Cyclohexane Adsorption. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194445. [PMID: 32992654 PMCID: PMC7582628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Waste scrap tyres were thermally decomposed at the temperature of 600 °C and heating rate of 10 °C·min-1. Decomposition was followed by the TG analysis. The resulting pyrolytic carbon black was chemically activated by a KOH solution at 800 °C. Activated and non-activated carbon black were investigated using high pressure thermogravimetry, where adsorption isotherms of N2, CO2, and cyclohexane were determined. Isotherms were determined over a wide range of pressure, 0.03-4.5 MPa for N2 and 0.03-2 MPa for CO2. In non-activated carbon black, for the same pressure and temperature, a five times greater gas uptake of CO2 than N2 was determined. Contrary to non-activated carbon black, activated carbon black showed improved textural properties with a well-developed irregular mesoporous-macroporous structure with a significant amount of micropores. The sorption capacity of pyrolytic carbon black was also increased by activation. The uptake of CO2 was three times and for cyclohexane ten times higher in activated carbon black than in the non-activated one. Specific surface areas evaluated from linearized forms of Langmuir isotherm and the BET isotherm revealed that for both methods, the values are comparable for non-activated carbon black measured by CO2 and for activated carbon black measured by cyclohexane. It was found out that the N2 sorption capacity of carbon black depends only on its specific surface area size, contrary to CO2 sorption capacity, which is affected by both the size of specific surface area and the nature of carbon black.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Jankovská
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (I.K.)
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+420-597-324-723
| | - Marek Večeř
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (I.K.)
| | - Ivan Koutník
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (I.K.)
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Lenka Matějová
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
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23
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Huang J, Zhou J, Luo Y, Yan G, Liu Y, Shen Y, Xu Y, Li H, Yan L, Zhang G, Fu Y, Duan H. Wrinkle-Enabled Highly Stretchable Strain Sensors for Wide-Range Health Monitoring with a Big Data Cloud Platform. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:43009-43017. [PMID: 32856459 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable strain sensors are vital for emerging fields of wearable and personal electronics, but it is a huge challenge for them to possess both wide-range measurement capability and good sensitivity. In this study, a highly stretchable strain sensor with a wide strain range and a good sensitivity is fabricated based on smart composites of carbon black (CB)/wrinkled Ecoflex. The sensor exhibits a maximum recoverable strain of up to 500% and a high gauge factor of 67.7. It has a low hysteresis, a fast signal response (as short as 120 ms), and a high reproducibility (up to 5000 cycles with a strain of 150%). The sensor is capable of detecting and capturing wide-range human activities, from speech recognition and pulse monitoring to vigorous motions. It is also applicable for real-time monitoring of robot movements and vehicle security crash in an anthropomorphic field. More importantly, the sensor is successfully used to send signals of a volunteer's breathing data to a local hospital in real time through a big data cloud platform. This research provides the feasibility of using a strain sensor for wearable Internet of things and demonstrates its exciting prospect for healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yangmei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Gan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yong Xu
- The Affiliated ZhuZhou Hospital of XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Honglang Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lingbo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Huigao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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24
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Qu M, Qin Y, Sun Y, Xu H, Schubert DW, Zheng K, Xu W, Nilsson F. Biocompatible, Flexible Strain Sensor Fabricated with Polydopamine-Coated Nanocomposites of Nitrile Rubber and Carbon Black. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:42140-42152. [PMID: 32816448 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A flexible, biocompatible, nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)-based strain sensor with high stretchability, good sensitivity, and excellent repeatability is presented for the first time. Carbon black (CB) particles were embedded into an NBR matrix via a dissolving-coating technique, and the obtained NBR/CB composite was coated with polydopamine (PDA) to preserve the CB layer. The mechanical properties of the NBR films were found to be significantly improved with the addition of CB and PDA, and the produced composite films were noncytotoxic and highly biocompatible. Strain-sensing tests showed that the uncoated CB/NBR films possess a high sensing range (strain of ∼550%) and good sensitivity (gauge factor of 52.2), whereas the PDA/NBR/CB films show a somewhat reduced sensing range (strain of ∼180%) but significantly improved sensitivity (gauge factor of 346). The hysteresis curves obtained from cyclic strain-sensing tests demonstrate the prominent robustness of the sensor material. Three novel equations were developed to accurately describe the uniaxial and cyclic strain-sensing behavior observed for the investigated strain sensors. Gloves and knee/elbow covers were produced from the films, revealing that the signals generated by different finger, elbow, and knee movements are easily distinguishable, thus confirming that the PDA/NBR/CB composite films can be used in a wide range of wearable strain sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchao Qu
- School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, 510450 Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yijing Qin
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Huagen Xu
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk W Schubert
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Zheng
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, 510450 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fritjof Nilsson
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Hu K, Zhao D, Liu D, Ding S, Tian P, Yu C, Zhou W, Huang M, Ding D. Estimating radiative impacts of black carbon associated with mixing state in the lower atmosphere over the northern North China Plain. Chemosphere 2020; 252:126455. [PMID: 32197175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) exerts important radiative effects over regions with intensive emissions. This study presents in-situ aircraft measurements of BC vertical profiles including mass loading, size distribution and mixing state, spanning a range of pollution levels in both warm and cold seasons over Beijing. The development of planetary boundary layer (PBL) influenced the properties of pollutants at low levels, and regional transport from the southwest elevated the pollution at higher altitudes. Thicker coatings of BC were associated with higher pollution in the PBL, where interactions between BC and other substances intensively took place. Considering the mixing state of BC, the absorption efficiency could be potentially increased by up to 86% and 60% in the PBL and lower free troposphere, respectively. Including a column-integrated absorption enhancement, the in-situ constrained absorption aerosol optical depth at wavelength 870 nm (AAOD870) improved the agreement with AERONET by 28%, but the in-situ measurement remained 19% lower. A radiative transfer model finds a BC heating rate of 0.1-0.3 K/d and 0.5-3.1 K/d for less and more polluted environments respectively, and the BC coating effect could positively introduce a +0.1-4.2 Wm-2 radiative forcing. The presence of aerosol layer enhanced the positive vertical gradient of heating rate by redistributing the actinic flux. In particular, this gradient was further enhanced by introducing thickly-coated BC at higher level during the regional transport events, which may promote the temperature inversion and further depress the PBL development on polluted days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Delong Zhao
- Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shuo Ding
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Tian
- Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, China
| | - Chenjie Yu
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Wei Zhou
- Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Huang
- Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, China
| | - Deping Ding
- Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, China
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26
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Baldelli A, Trivanovic U, Sipkens TA, Rogak SN. On determining soot maturity: A review of the role of microscopy- and spectroscopy-based techniques. Chemosphere 2020; 252:126532. [PMID: 32229356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete combustion is the main source of airborne soot, which has negative impacts on public health and the environment. Understanding the morphological and chemical evolution of soot is important for assessing and mitigating the impact of soot emissions. Morphological and chemical structures of soot are commonly studied using microscopy or spectroscopy, and the best technique depends on the parameter of interest and the stage of soot formation considered (i.e., maturity). For the earliest stages of soot formation, particles exhibit simple morphology yet complex and reactive chemical composition, which is best studied by spectroscopic techniques sensitive to the large number of soot precursor species. The only microscope that can offer some morphological information at this stage is the scanning probe microscopy, which can image single polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the precursors of soot. A broader range of types of spectrometers and microscopes can be used by increasing the soot maturity. Mature soot is primarily carbon, and exhibits complex fractal-like morphology best studied with electron microscopy and techniques sensitive to thin oxide or organic coatings. Each characterization technique can target different morphological and chemical properties of soot, from the early to the late stage of its formation. Thus, a guideline for the selection of the appropriate technique can facilitates studies on environmental samples involving the presence of soot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baldelli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Ln #2054, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Una Trivanovic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Ln #2054, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Timothy A Sipkens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Ln #2054, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Steven N Rogak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Ln #2054, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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27
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Sharma M, Nandy A, Taylor N, Venkatesan SV, Ozhukil Kollath V, Karan K, Thangadurai V, Tsesmetzis N, Gieg LM. Bioelectrochemical remediation of phenanthrene in a microbial fuel cell using an anaerobic consortium enriched from a hydrocarbon-contaminated site. J Hazard Mater 2020; 389:121845. [PMID: 31862354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are organic pollutants that require remediation due to their detrimental impact on human and environmental health. In this study, we used a novel approach of sequestering a model PAH, phenanthrene, onto a solid carbon matrix bioanode in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) to assess its biodegradation coupled with power generation. Here, the bioanode serves as a site for enrichment of electroactive and hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms, which can simultaneously act to biodegrade a pollutant and generate power. Carbon cloth electrodes loaded with two rates of phenanthrene (2 and 20 mg cm-2) were compared using dual chamber MFCs that were operated for 50 days. The lower loading rate of 2 mg cm-2 was most efficient in the degradation of phenanthrene and had higher power production capacities (37 mW m-2) as compared to the higher loading rate of 20 mg cm-2 (power production of 19.2 mW m-2). FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) analyses showed a depletion in absorbance peak signals associated with phenanthrene. Microbes known to have electroactive properties or phenanthrene biodegradation abilities like Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Thauera and Ralstonia were enriched over time in the MFCs, substantiating the electrochemical and FTIR analyses. The MFC approach taken here thus offers great promise towards PAH bioelectroremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohita Sharma
- Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Arpita Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nicole Taylor
- Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Senthil Velan Venkatesan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Vinayaraj Ozhukil Kollath
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kunal Karan
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Venkataraman Thangadurai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nicolas Tsesmetzis
- Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., 3333 Highway 6 South, Houston, Texas, 77251-7171, USA
| | - Lisa M Gieg
- Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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28
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Siupka P, Piński A, Babicka D, Piotrowska-Seget Z. Genome Mining Revealed a High Biosynthetic Potential for Antifungal Streptomyces sp. S-2 Isolated from Black Soot. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2558. [PMID: 32272676 PMCID: PMC7177978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing resistance of fungal pathogens has heightened the necessity of searching for new organisms and compounds to combat their spread. Streptomyces are bacteria that are well-known for the production of many antibiotics. To find novel antibiotic agents, researchers have turned to previously neglected and extreme environments. Here, we isolated a new strain, Streptomyces sp. S-2, for the first time, from black soot after hard coal combustion (collected from an in-use household chimney). We examined its antifungal properties against plant pathogens and against fungi that potentially pose threat to human health (Fusarium avenaceum, Aspergillus niger and the environmental isolates Trichoderma citrinoviridae Cin-9, Nigrospora oryzae sp. roseF7, and Curvularia coatesieae sp. junF9). Furthermore, we obtained the genome sequence of S-2 and examined its potential for secondary metabolites production using anti-SMASH software. The S-2 strain shows activity against all of the tested fungi. Genome mining elucidated a vast number of biosynthetic gene clusters (55), which distinguish this strain from closely related strains. The majority of the predicted clusters were assigned to non-ribosomal peptide synthetases or type 1 polyketide synthetases, groups known to produce compounds with antimicrobial activity. A high number of the gene clusters showed no, or low similarity to those in the database, raising the possibility that S-2 could be a producer of novel antibiotics. Future studies on Streptomyces sp. S-2 will elucidate its full biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Siupka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (A.P.); (D.B.); (Z.P.-S.)
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29
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Peng Y, Peng Y, Tang S, Shen H, Sheng S, Wang Y, Wang T, Cai J, Xie G, Feng W. PdIrBP mesoporous nanospheres combined with superconductive carbon black for the electrochemical determination and collection of circulating tumor cells. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:216. [PMID: 32162013 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An integrated electrochemical immunoassay is described for the determination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). For the first time, Ketjen black (KB), which is a superconductive carbon material, was incorporated with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and used to modify the surface of gold electrodes. A cocktail of anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM) and anti-vimentin antibodies was chosen to capture the CTCs. Palladium-iridium-boron-phosphorus alloy-modified mesoporous nanospheres (PdIrBPMNS) served as a catalytic tag to amplify the current signal. Glycine-HCl (Gly-HCl) was used as an antibody eluent to release and collect the captured CTCs from the electrodes for further clinical research without compromising cell viability. The response of the method increased linearly from 10 to 1 × 106 cells mL-1 CTCs, while the detection limit was calculated to be as low as 2 cells mL-1. This method was successfully used to determine CTCs in spiked blood samples and demonstrated good recovery. Graphical abstractKetjen black/AuNPs was incorporated in the electrochemical platform to enhance the electron transfer ability of the electrode surface. PdIrBP mesoporous nanospheres were used to amplify DPV signal in this assay. The introduction of Gly-HCl realized nondestructive recovery of circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Sitian Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Shen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangchun Sheng
- Clinical Laboratory of Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoming Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenli Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Schimel JP, Nisbet RM, Gardea-Torresdey JL, Holden PA. Soybeans Grown with Carbonaceous Nanomaterials Maintain Nitrogen Stoichiometry by Assimilating Soil Nitrogen to Offset Impaired Dinitrogen Fixation. ACS Nano 2020; 14:585-594. [PMID: 31825596 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can enter agroecosystems because of their widespread use and disposal. Within soil, ENMs may affect legumes and their dinitrogen (N2) fixation, which are critical for food supply and N-cycling. Prior research focusing on end point treatment effects has reported that N2-fixing symbioses in an important food legume, soybean, can be impaired by ENMs. Yet, it remains unknown how ENMs can influence the actual amounts of N2 fixed and what plant total N contents are since plants can also acquire N from the soil. We determined the effects of one already widespread and two rapidly expanding carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNMs: carbon black, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and graphene; each at three concentrations) on the N economy of soil-grown soybeans. Unlike previous studies, this research focused on processes and interactions within a plant-soil-microbial system. We found that total plant N accumulation was unaffected by CNMs. However, as shown by 15N isotope analyses, CNMs significantly diminished soybean N2 fixation (by 31-78%). Plants maintained N stoichiometry by assimilating compensatory N from the soil, accompanied by increased net soil N mineralization. Our findings suggest that CNMs could undermine the role of legume N2 fixation in supplying N to agroecosystems. Maintaining productivity in leguminous agriculture experiencing such effects would require more fossil-fuel-intensive N fertilizer and increase associated economic and environmental costs. This work highlights the value of a process-based analysis of a plant-soil-microbial system for assessing how ENMs in soil can affect legume N2 fixation and N-cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
- Earth Research Institute , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Joshua P Schimel
- Earth Research Institute , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Roger M Nisbet
- Earth Research Institute , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Jorge L Gardea-Torresdey
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - Patricia A Holden
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
- Earth Research Institute , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
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31
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Kuang Y, Guo Y, Chai J, Shang J, Zhu J, Stevanovic S, Ristovski Z. Comparison of light absorption and oxidative potential of biodiesel/diesel and chemicals/diesel blends soot particles. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 87:184-193. [PMID: 31791491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soot particles, mainly coming from fuel combustion, affect climate forcing through absorbing light and also result in adverse human health outcomes. Though biodiesel or additives blending with diesel was considered environmentally friendly, the understanding on absorbing and oxidative capacity of soot emitted from them are still unclear. The water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) content, surface chemical structure, light absorption and oxidative potential (OPDTT) of soot from biodiesel/diesel and chemicals/diesel blends were investigated utilizing total organic carbon analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The differences and correlations between soot properties were statistically analyzed. Chemicals/diesel blends soot owned significantly higher WSOC content, ratio of mass absorbing efficiency (MAE) in 250 and 365 nm (E2/E3), OPDTT, and higher surface carbonyl content. Coconut biodiesel/diesel blends soot contained evidently higher aromatic carbon-oxygen single bond (Ar_C-O) content, and higher MAE365. The individual comparison of biodiesel/diesel blends showed 20% coconut biodiesel blend owned the lowest WSOC, E2/E3 and OPDTT, while highest Ar_C-O and MAE365, representing strongest absorbing properties. Association analysis showed OPDTT was significantly positively correlated with WSOC. Further, the evident negative correlation between MAE365 and OPDTT was observed. Our results showed coconut biodiesel/diesel blends soot induced lower levels of oxidative potential, whereas absorption of light was higher, which have far reaching consequences on climate forcing. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the balance point between light-absorbing properties and oxidative potential, under the wide use of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kuang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Guo
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health (ILAQH), School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Jiaqi Chai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jiali Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Svetlana Stevanovic
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health (ILAQH), School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Zoran Ristovski
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health (ILAQH), School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
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Chong H, Lou J, Bogie KM, Zorman CA, Majerus SJA. Vascular Pressure-Flow Measurement Using CB-PDMS Flexible Strain Sensor. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2019; 13:1451-1461. [PMID: 31603827 PMCID: PMC6944770 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2019.2946519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Regular monitoring of blood flow and pressure in vascular reconstructions or grafts would provide early warning of graft failure and improve salvage procedures. Based on biocompatible materials, we have developed a new type of thin, flexible pulsation sensor (FPS) which is wrapped around a graft to monitor blood pressure and flow. The FPS uses carbon black (CB) nanoparticles dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a piezoresistive sensor layer, which was encapsulated within structural PDMS layers and connected to stainless steel interconnect leads. Because the FPS is more flexible than natural arteries, veins, and synthetic vascular grafts, it can be wrapped around target conduits at the time of surgery and remain implanted for long-term monitoring. In this study, we analyze strain transduction from a blood vessel and characterize the electrical and mechanical response of CB-PDMS from 0-50% strain. An optimum concentration of 14% CB-PDMS was used to fabricate 300-μm thick FPS devices with elastic modulus under 500 kPa, strain range of over 50%, and gauge factor greater than 5. Sensors were tested in vitro on vascular grafts with flows of 0-1,100 mL/min. In vitro testing showed linear output to pulsatile flows and pressures. Cyclic testing demonstrated robust operation over hundreds of cardiac cycles, with ±2.6 mmHg variation in pressure readout. CB-PDMS composite material showed excellent potential in biologic strain sensing applications where a flexible sensor with large maximum strain range is needed.
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Sigmund G, Castan S, Wabnitz C, Bakkour R, Hüffer T, Hofmann T, Elsner M. NO 2 and natural organic matter affect both soot aggregation behavior and sorption of S-metolachlor. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2019; 21:1729-1735. [PMID: 31478540 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soot is an important carbonaceous nanoparticle (CNP) frequently found in natural environments. Its entry into surface waters can occur directly via surface runoff or infiltration, as well as via atmospheric deposition. Pristine soot is likely to rapidly undergo aggregation and subsequent sedimentation in aquatic environments. Further, soot can sorb a variety of organic contaminants, such as S-metolachlor (log KD = 3.25 ± 0.12). During atmospheric transport, soot can be chemically transformed by reactive oxygen species including NO2. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface waters can further affect the aquatic fate of soot. To better understand the processes driving the fate of soot and its interactions with contaminants, pristine and NO2-transformed model soot suspensions were investigated in the presence and absence of NOM. NO2-oxidized soot showed a smaller particle size, a higher number of particles remaining in suspension, and a decreased sorption of S-metolachlor (log KD = 2.47 ± 0.40). In agreement with findings for other CNPs, soot stability against aggregation was increased for both pristine and NO2 transformed soot in the presence of NOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sigmund
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Merico E, Cesari D, Dinoi A, Gambaro A, Barbaro E, Guascito MR, Giannossa LC, Mangone A, Contini D. Inter-comparison of carbon content in PM 10 and PM 2.5 measured with two thermo-optical protocols on samples collected in a Mediterranean site. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:29334-29350. [PMID: 31396867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Scientific interest is focusing on different approaches for characterising organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and equivalent black carbon (eBC), although EUSAAR2 protocol has been established and frequently used in EU for regulatory purposes. Discrepancies are observed due to thermal protocols used for OC/EC determinations and the effect of the chemical-physical properties of aerosol using optical measurements for eBC. In this work, a long-term inter-comparison of carbon measurements with two widely used protocols (EUSAAR2 and NIOSH870) was performed on PM2.5 and PM10 samples. The influence of the protocol on the evaluation of secondary organic aerosol (SOC) and on the correlation between EC and eBC was investigated. An extensive check of repeatability gave typical uncertainties of ~ 5% for TC and OC, and ~ 10% for EC for both thermal protocols. Results show that OC is statistically comparable between the two protocols but EC is significantly higher with EUSAAR2, especially during the warm season. The ratio OC/EC is lower with EUSAAR2, also showing a seasonality (lower values in the warm season) not observed with NIOSH870. Despite the differences in OC/EC ratios, the contribution of SOC to OC (~ 50%), evaluated using the EC-tracer method, did not differ significantly between the two protocols and for both size fractions. Further, SOC/OC ratios were comparable in cold and warm periods. eBC/EC ratios larger than one for both protocols were obtained, 1.62 (EUSAAR2) and 1.92 (NIOSH870), and also correlated with the ratio OC/EC for both protocols, especially in the cold season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Merico
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Daniela Cesari
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, IDPA-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Adelaide Dinoi
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, IDPA-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, IDPA-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Maria R Guascito
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorena C Giannossa
- Department of Economics, Management and Business Law, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica 53, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarosa Mangone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniele Contini
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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Kumar M, Snow DD, Li Y, Shea PJ. Perchlorate behavior in the context of black carbon and metal cogeneration following fireworks emission at Oak Lake, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. Environ Pollut 2019; 253:930-938. [PMID: 31351301 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The imprints of fireworks displays on the adjacent water body were investigated from the perspective of cogeneration of black carbon, metals and perchlorate (ClO4-). In particular, the mixing and dissipation of ClO4- were studied at Oak Lake, Lincoln, Nebraska, following fireworks displays in 2015 and 2016. Following the display, ClO4- concentration in the water increased up to 4.3 μg/L and 4.0 μg/L in 2015 and 2016, respectively. A first-order model generally provided a good fit to the measured perchlorate concentrations from which the rate of dissipation was estimated as 0.07 d-1 in 2015 and 0.43 d-1 in 2016. SEM images show imprints of soot and metal particles in aerosol samples. EDS analysis of the lake sediment confirmed the presence of Si, K, Ca, Zn and Ba, most of which are components of fireworks. The δ13C range of -7.55‰ to -9.19‰ in the lake water system closely resembles fire-generated carbon. Cogeneration of black carbon and metal with perchlorate was established, indicating that ClO4- is an excellent marker of fireworks or a burning event over all other analyzed parameters. Future microcosmic, aggregation and column-based transport studies on black carbon in the presence of perchlorate and metals under different environmental conditions will help in developing transport and fate models for perchlorate and black carbon particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Discipline of Earth Science, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382-355, India.
| | - Daniel D Snow
- Water Sciences Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA
| | - Yusong Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0844, USA
| | - Patrick J Shea
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0817, USA
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Chen C, Wei J, Li J, Duan Z, Huang W. Influence of macromolecules on aggregation kinetics of diesel soot nanoparticles in aquatic environments. Environ Pollut 2019; 252:1892-1901. [PMID: 31227348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soot nanoparticles (SNPs) produced from incomplete combustion have strong impacts on aquatic environments as they eventually reach surface water, where their environmental fate and transport are largely controlled by aggregation. This study investigated the aggregation kinetics of SNPs in the presence of macromolecules including fulvic acid (FA), humic acid (HA), alginate polysaccharide, and bovine serum albumin (BSA, protein) under various environmentally relevant solution conditions. Our results showed that increasing salt concentrations induced SNP aggregation by suppressing electrostatic repulsion and that CaCl2 exhibited stronger effect than NaCl in charge neutralization, which is in agreement with the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. The aggregation rates of SNPs were variously reduced by macromolecules, and such stabilization effect was the greatest by BSA, followed by HA, alginate, and FA. Steric repulsion resulting from macromolecules adsorbed on SNP surfaces was mainly responsible for enhancing SNP stability. Such steric repulsion appeared to be affected by macromolecular structure, as BSA having a more compact globular structure on SNP surfaces imparted long-range steric repulsive forces and retarded the SNP aggregation rate by 10-100 times. In addition, alginate was shown to enhance SNP aggregation by ∼10 times at high CaCl2 concentrations due to alginate gel formation via calcium bridging. The results may bear strong significance for the fate and transport of SNPs in both natural and controlled environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyue Wei
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, United States
| | - Jing Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Huang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, United States.
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Zhang HH, Cao XY, Wang H, Ma Z, Li J, Zhou LM, Yang GP. Effect of black carbon on sorption and desorption of phosphorus onto sediments. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 146:435-441. [PMID: 31426178 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sorption behavior of phosphorus onto sediment was investigated with the addition of BC derived from incomplete biomass combustion (PC). The sorption kinetic curves of phosphorus onto PC and sediment could be described by a two-compartment first order equation, and the sorption isotherms fit the Freundlich model well. With increasing amounts of PC added, the sorption capacity increased while the HI did not change much. The distribution of phosphorus forms showed that CaP (ACa-P plus DAP) constituted the highest fraction in the sediment samples. Throughout the sorption process, CaP and OP changed very little, but the Ex-P and FeP increased obviously, and the presence of PC made this increase more significantly. The high specific area and the presence of iron and aluminum, as well as the modification of the sediments surface properties, make the addition of PC be favorable for the sorption of phosphorus onto sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - He Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhun Ma
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Li-Min Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Ren Q, Wu Y, Ma J, Shan Q, Liu S, Liu Y. Carbon black-induced detrimental effect on osteoblasts at low concentrations: Remarkably compromised differentiation without significant cytotoxicity. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 178:211-220. [PMID: 31009927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to similar aerodynamic and micro-nano sized properties between airborne particles and synthetic nanoparticles, a large number of studies have been conducted using carbon-based particles, such as carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes and graphite, in order to achieve deeper understandings of their adverse effects on human health. It has been reported that particulate matters can aggravate morbidity of patients suffering from bone and joint diseases, e.g. arthritis. However, the molecular mechanism is still elusive thus far. Under this context, we employed two cell lines of osteoblasts, MC3T3-E1 and MG-63, upon exposure to 4 different CB samples with differential physicochemical properties in research of mechanistic insights. Our results indicated that the carbon/oxygen ratio differed in these 4 CB materials showing the order: SB4A < Printex U < C1864 < C824455. In stark contrast, their cytotoxicity and capacity to trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MC3T3-E1 and MG-63 cells closely correlated to oxygen content, revealing the reverse order: SB4A < Printex U < C1864 < C824455. It would be reasonable to speculate that ROS production was a predominant cause of CB cytotoxicity, which strongly relied on the oxygen content of CB. Our study further manifested that all CB samples even at low concentrations significantly inhibited osteoblast differentiation, as reflected by remarkably reduced activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and compromised expression of the differentiation-related genes. And the inhibition on osteoblast differentiation also closely correlated to oxygen content of CB samples. Taken together, our combined data recognized oxygen-associated toxicity towards osteoblasts for CBs. More importantly, we uncovered a new adverse effect of CB exposure: suppression on osteoblast differentiation, which has been overlooked in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yakun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Qiuli Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100035, PR China.
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Li X, Guan C, Yang K, Cheung CS, Huang Z. Impact of lower and higher alcohol additions to diesel on the combustion and emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:21001-21012. [PMID: 31115816 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation evaluated the combustion, performance, and emissions of four alcohol diesel blends with the same oxygen content, i.e., 13% ethanol (E13), 20% n-butanol (NB20), 20% iso-butanol (IB20), and 25% n-pentanol (P25) by volume on a 4-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine under three different engine loads, respectively. Compared with diesel, higher peak heat release rate, longer ignition delay, and shorter combustion duration have been observed for the alcohol blends; the variations are more evident for higher alcohol blends (i.e., NB20, IB20, and P25) compared with lower alcohol blend (E13), and the most evident one is IB20. Higher premixed combustion fraction and higher displacement of the diesel fuel for the higher alcohol blends suppressing the formation of the soot precursors result in a lower peak of particle size distribution, and therefore, a lower total particle number emission than that of lower alcohol blend. For the three higher alcohol blends, IB20 presents the lowest particle number emission corresponding to its longest ignition delay and highest premixed combustion fraction which inhibits soot formation. The sequence of elemental carbon emission for the alcohol blends is (from lowest to highest): IB20 < NB20 < P25 < E13, which is in line with that of peak of particle size distribution and the total particle number emission. The organic carbon emissions with different alcohol additions show similar levels because of the factors' conflict. Compared with diesel, all blends show a slight variation or no significant change in regulated gaseous emissions (CO, HC, NOx) at different loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Li
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of M.O.E, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China.
| | - Chun Guan
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of M.O.E, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Shun Cheung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of M.O.E, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Wang X, Jin Q, Wang L, Bai S, Mikulčić H, Vujanović M, Tan H. Synergistic effect of biomass and polyurethane waste co-pyrolysis on soot formation at high temperatures. J Environ Manage 2019; 239:306-315. [PMID: 30913481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soot is an important toxic pollutant generated during high-temperature incineration of solid waste (i.e., biomass and plastic waste) under air-lean conditions, and has a great impact on flame radiation. The main objective of this work is to study the synergistic effect of biomass and polyurethane co-pyrolysis on soot formation at high temperatures (1100-1250 °C). The effects of temperature, biomass species, and co-pyrolysis ratio on the yield, morphology, composition and reactivity of soot particles are studied. Results show that under controlled co-pyrolysis conditions, the measured soot yield from co-pyrolysis of biomass and polyurethane is lower than the theoretical value by weight average, while the particle size distribution tends to concentrate on a smaller diameter range. The degree of synergistic effect increases with the increasing biomass ratio (0-50 wt%) and decreasing pyrolysis temperature. Wood in co-pyrolysis presents a stronger synergistic effect on soot yields than straw co-pyrolysis does. Degree of synergistic effect on soot oxidation reactivity depends much on the biomass addition ratio but less on pyrolysis temperature. At 10 wt% straw addition ratio, co-pyrolysis exerts a negative synergistic effect on soot oxidation reactivity, while the synergistic effect turns significantly positive when the straw addition ratio increases to 50 wt%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qiming Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Liang Wang
- SINTEF Energy Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shengjie Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hrvoje Mikulčić
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Milan Vujanović
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Houzhang Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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Li Y, Wang G, Wang J, Jia Z, Zhou Y, Wang C, Li Y, Zhou S. Determination of influencing factors on historical concentration variations of PAHs in West Taihu Lake, China. Environ Pollut 2019; 249:573-580. [PMID: 30933754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by components such as elemental carbon (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), and particles is different, and EC and PAHs are good materials for reconstructing historical human activity patterns and pollution conditions. In this study, the effects of EC (soot and char), TOC and particles of different grain size on PAHs in surface sediments were quantitatively analysed, and their historical concentrations in a sediment core from western Taihu Lake were reconstructed. The contents of soot, TOC, clay, EC and char explained 57.2%, 27.6%, 26.0%, 24.0% and 16.4%, respectively, of the PAH concentrations in surface sediments. The correlation between the soot and PAH levels was significantly higher than that between the char, TOC, and clay contents and PAH levels, and PAHs were mainly affected by the local economic development and human activity, as indicated by metrics of population, highway mileage, coal burning, and industrial output. With the development of the economy of the Taihu Lake Basin, the composition of PAHs in the sediments has changed: the proportion of low-molecular-weight PAHs decreased from 42.4% to 17.5%, and that of high-molecular-weight PAHs increased from 58.7% to 82.5%. The concentration of PAHs in pore water from Taihu Lake over the past 100 years was reconstructed and ranged from 43.1 to 961.2 μg L-1, with an average of 180.7 μg L-1. After China's reform and opening up, the concentrations of various PAHs in Taihu Lake changed from safe to chronic pollution levels. The ratios of lead (Pb) isotopes and the diagnostic ratios of PAHs showed that the main sources of PAHs in western Taihu Lake sediments were human activities such as coal and petroleum combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China; School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genmei Wang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junxiao Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyi Jia
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 1158 Baiyang Street, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenglu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Asaoka S, Dan T, Asano I, Hayakawa S, Takeda K. Identifying sulfur species adsorbed on particulate matters in exhaust gas emitted from various vessels. Chemosphere 2019; 223:399-405. [PMID: 30784746 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ship fuels are highly associated with the emission of particulate matter and sulfur. Sulfur adsorbed on particulate matter in exhaust gases from fuels is generally considered to be sulfate. However, other chemical species of sulfur adsorbed on particulate matter in ship exhaust gases are not well known. The purpose of this study is to identify sulfur species adsorbed on particulate matter in ship exhaust gases using X-ray absorption fine structure. Particulate matter and soot samples were collected from a container carrier, a tugboat, an electric propulsion vessel, training vessels, and a marine engine, and sulfur species of particulate matter and soot were identified by X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. Sulfur emission adsorbed on particulate matter and sulfur species did not change between high and middle loads. In this study, sulfonate derived from fuel or oxidation of sulfide in fuel was identified in addition to sulfate. Total sulfur and sulfate concentrations in soot increased with increasing fuel sulfur content. The concentration of organosulfurorganosulfurs in soot such as thiophen and sulfonate, which originated mainly from fuel and engine oil, tended to increase with increasing fuel sulfur content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Asaoka
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan.
| | - Tomohisa Dan
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
| | - Ichiro Asano
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeda
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
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Zhang R, Jia C, Zhao L, Pan J, Niu Q, Liu R. Characterization of the interaction between carbon black and three important antioxidant proteins using multi spectroscopy and modeling simulations. Chemosphere 2019; 222:823-830. [PMID: 30743233 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A major user of carbon black is the pigment and dyes industry, where carbon black is incorporated into paints, inks, printers, and plastics. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying the toxicity of carbon black to antioxidant proteins. Carbon black can cause oxidative stress to organisms after they invade into the body. Antioxidant proteins play a key role in keeping the organism from nanoparticle-induced oxidative damage and tend to bind with nanoparticles immediately after their invading into the biological environment, so it is meaningful to elucidate the toxicity of nanoparticles on the antioxidant proteins. In this study, the toxicity of carbon black (SB100) on three different antioxidant proteins (TF (transferrin), SOD (superoxide dismutase), and LYZ (lysozyme)) were investigated. The multi-spectra studies indicated that SB100 interacted with these three proteins and changed their structure in different ways. SB100 changed the microenvironment of fluorophores in SOD and LYZ by quenching the fluorescence spectra of the two enzymes, while changed that of TF by increasing the fluorescence intensity of TF. SB100 changed the secondary structure of these three proteins by decreasing the α-helix content of TF and increasing that of SOD and LYZ. Moreover, SB100 changed the hydrophobicity of the three proteins in different ways as well. And SOD exhibits a more severe activity inhibition than LYZ after exposed to SB100. In summary, SB100 caused different structural and functional changes to these three antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, PR China
| | - Chenhao Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, PR China
| | - Lining Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, PR China
| | - Jie Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, PR China
| | - Qigui Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, PR China.
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Zhang R, Zhang X, Jia C, Pan J, Liu R. Carbon black induced DNA damage and conformational changes to mouse hepatocytes and DNA molecule: A combined study using comet assay and multi-spectra methods. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 170:732-738. [PMID: 30583284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon black (CB), a carbonaceous nanoparticle, has been widely applied in our daily lives and used as a typical model to study environmental safety and health impacts of airborne particles. Although the potential negative effects of CB to organisms have been reported a lot, very limited work is focused on the genotoxicity of CB on molecular and cellular level simultaneously. Herein, we investigated the interaction mechanism between CB and DNA molecule in depth by multiple spectra measurement, UV-vis absorption and ionic strength measurement. The fluorescence spectroscopy, ironic strength measurement and UV absorption indicated that CB changed the structure of DNA and interacted with DNA in an electrostatic binding mode. CD (circular dichroism) spectra proved no significant effects were caused by CB on the base stacking and helicity bands of DNA, which further verified that electrostatic binding is the main binding mode between CB and DNA. On the cellular level, the comet assay shows that CB exposure could cause a remarkable DNA strand break to the mouse hepatocytes after 24 co-incubation. This combined investigation suggests that CB could cause a serious genotoxicity both on molecular and cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Chenhao Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Jie Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
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Liati A, Schreiber D, Alpert PA, Liao Y, Brem BT, Corral Arroyo P, Hu J, Jonsdottir HR, Ammann M, Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler P. Aircraft soot from conventional fuels and biofuels during ground idle and climb-out conditions: Electron microscopy and X-ray micro-spectroscopy. Environ Pollut 2019; 247:658-667. [PMID: 30711821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aircraft soot has a significant impact on global and local air pollution and is of particular concern for the population working at airports and living nearby. The morphology and chemistry of soot are related to its reactivity and depend mainly on engine operating conditions and fuel-type. We investigated the morphology (by transmission electron microscopy) and chemistry (by X-ray micro-spectroscopy) of soot from the exhaust of a CFM 56-7B26 turbofan engine, currently the most common engine in aviation fleet, operated in the test cell of SR Technics, Zurich airport. Standard kerosene (Jet A-1) and a biofuel blend (Jet A-1 with 32% HEFA) were used at ground idle and climb-out engine thrust, as these conditions highly influence air quality at airport areas. The results indicate that soot reactivity decreases from ground idle to climb-out conditions for both fuel types. Nearly one third of the primary soot particles generated by the blended fuel at climb-out engine thrust bear an outer amorphous shell implying higher reactivity. This characteristic referring to soot reactivity needs to be taken into account when evaluating the advantage of HEFA blending at high engine thrust. The soot type that is most prone to react with its surrounding is generated by Jet A-1 fuel at ground idle. Biofuel blending slightly lowers soot reactivity at ground idle but does the opposite at climb-out conditions. As far as soot reactivity is concerned, biofuels can prove beneficial for airports where ground idle is a common situation; the benefit of biofuels for climb-out conditions is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Liati
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Automotive Powertrain Technologies Laboratory, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - D Schreiber
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Automotive Powertrain Technologies Laboratory, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - P A Alpert
- PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Y Liao
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Automotive Powertrain Technologies Laboratory, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - B T Brem
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - P Corral Arroyo
- PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J Hu
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Automotive Powertrain Technologies Laboratory, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - H R Jonsdottir
- University of Bern, Institute of Anatomy, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Ammann
- PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Automotive Powertrain Technologies Laboratory, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Ervik TK, Benker N, Weinbruch S, Thomassen Y, Ellingsen DG, Berlinger B. Size distribution and single particle characterization of airborne particulate matter collected in a silicon carbide plant. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2019; 21:564-574. [PMID: 30723847 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00518d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The global SiC market is projected to grow in the coming years, and research on potential health effects as well as epidemiological studies is therefore of importance. A detailed characterization in terms of the phase composition, morphology and mixing state of airborne PM is still missing, though highly necessary to identify sources and to understand the risk factors in this industry. Particles in the size range of 10 nm to 10 µm were collected with a 13-stage NanoMOUDI impactor in the Acheson Furnace Hall as well as in processing departments during two sampling campaigns. Particle mass concentrations, including the fraction of ultrafine particles (UFPs), were lower in the processing departments in comparison to those in the Acheson Furnace Hall. The particle number size distribution measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer confirmed the low amount of UFPs in the processing departments compared to the furnace hall. Significant differences in the particle mass concentration and distribution were observed in the Acheson Furnace Hall during the two sampling campaigns. The PM size distribution depends upon the sampling location, on the cycle of the nearby furnaces and on special incidents occurring during a furnace run. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) showed that the size range of 0.32-10 µm (aerodynamic diameter) is dominated by carbon (C)-rich particles, which were identified as petroleum coke, graphite, soot and amorphous spherical C-rich particles. Soot was further classified into three types based on the primary particle size, morphology and composition. Diesel-powered vehicles, pyrolysis of petroleum coke and incomplete combustion of volatile components from this pyrolysis are suggested as sources of different soot particle types. Amorphous spherical C-rich particles were also sub-classified based on their morphology and composition as tar balls (TBs) and C-spherical type 2. The amount of SiC fibers and crystalline SiO2 was found to be low. In the size fraction below 0.32 µm (aerodynamic diameter), sulphur (S)-rich particles dominate. This knowledge of the particle size distribution, and chemical and physical properties of the PM occurring in the SiC production is fundamental for an appropriate risk assessment, and these findings should have implications for future epidemiological studies and for the mitigation of worker exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Kringlen Ervik
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O.Box 5330 Majorstuen, NO-0304 Oslo, Norway.
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Trubetskaya A, Kling J, Ershag O, Attard TM, Schröder E. Removal of phenol and chlorine from wastewater using steam activated biomass soot and tire carbon black. J Hazard Mater 2019; 365:846-856. [PMID: 30481735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate a novel method for removing toxic chemicals using soot produced from wood and herbaceous biomass pyrolyzed in a drop tube reactor and tire pyrolytic carbon black. The influence of ash content, nanostructure, particle size, and porosity on the filter efficiency of steam activated carbon materials was studied. It has been shown for the first time that steam activated soot and carbon black can remove phenol and chloride with filter efficiencies as high as 95%. The correlation of filter efficiency to material properties showed that the presence of alkali and steam activation time were the key parameters affecting filter efficiencies. This study shows that steam activated biomass soot and tire carbon black are promising alternatives for the cleaning of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trubetskaya
- School of Engineering and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Jens Kling
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Olov Ershag
- Scandinavian Enviro Systems AB, Regnbågsgatan 8C, 41755 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Thomas M Attard
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Elisabeth Schröder
- IKET, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Sun W, Zhang X, Jia HR, Zhu YX, Guo Y, Gao G, Li YH, Wu FG. Water-Dispersible Candle Soot-Derived Carbon Nano-Onion Clusters for Imaging-Guided Photothermal Cancer Therapy. Small 2019; 15:e1804575. [PMID: 30761748 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, water-dispersible carbon nano-onion clusters (CNOCs) with an average hydrodynamic size of ≈90 nm are prepared by simply sonicating candle soot in a mixture of oxidizing acid. The obtained CNOCs have high photothermal conversion efficiency (57.5%), excellent aqueous dispersibility (stable in water for more than a year without precipitation), and benign biocompatibility. After polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification, the resultant CNOCs-PEI-PEG have a high photothermal conversion efficiency (56.5%), and can realize after-wash photothermal cancer cell ablation due to their ultrahigh cellular uptake (21.3 pg/cell), which is highly beneficial for the selective ablation of cancer cells via light-triggered intracellular heat generation. More interestingly, the cellular uptake of CNOCs-PEI-PEG is so high that the internalized nanoagents can be directly observed under a microscope without fluorescent labeling. Besides, in vivo experiments reveal that CNOCs-PEI-PEG can be used for photothermal/photoacoustic dual-modal imaging-guided photothermal therapy after intravenous administration. Furthermore, CNOCs-PEI-PEG can be efficiently cleared from the mouse body within a week, ensuring their excellent long-term biosafety. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the first example of using candle soot as raw material to prepare water-dispersible onion-like carbon nanomaterials for cancer theranostics is represented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ran Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Xuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
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Kim K, Wang CH, Ok YS, Lee SE. Heart developmental toxicity by carbon black waste generated from oil refinery on zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio): Combined toxicity on heart function by nickel and vanadium. J Hazard Mater 2019; 363:127-137. [PMID: 30308351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the developmental toxicities of water-soluble carbon black wastes (CBW) extract (1:5, w/v) in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Acute embryonic toxicity was performed following OECD guideline 236. Analysis using ICP-OES revealed that nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V) were predominant in CBW. Embryos exposed to CBW exhibited developmental delay, along with pericardial and yolk sac edemas. Malformed heart chambers were found in the CBW-exposed embryos and heart rates were significantly reduced since 48 h post fertilization (hpf). After RT-qPCR analysis, two cardiac forming-related genes, amhc and nppa responsible for atrial cardiac myofibril assembly and cardiac muscle cell proliferation, were up-regulated after 96 hpf. The increased mortality and delayed yolk-sac development appeared related to CBW-induced decrease in pH to about 5.5. Individual treatments of Ni and V did not cause identical toxic effects as CBW showed. At 100 ppm, V had a pH of approximately 5.5, causing developmental delay and pericardial edema in zebrafish embryos. At the same pH, combined Ni and V induced morphological anomalies and reduced heart rates similar to CBW-exposed embryos. Conclusively, this study demonstrates that environmental runoff is a serious concern, and thus, CBW incineration bottom ash should be treated carefully before disposal in landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongnam Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Qin W, Zhang Y, Chen J, Yu Q, Cheng S, Li W, Liu X, Tian H. Variation, sources and historical trend of black carbon in Beijing, China based on ground observation and MERRA-2 reanalysis data. Environ Pollut 2019; 245:853-863. [PMID: 30502714 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on the ground-measurements and MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2) reanalysis data, the temporal-spatial variation of black carbon (BC) in Beijing and the affecting factors were investigated. According to the ground-measured BC concentration in November months of 2014, 2015 and 2016, the before-heating period in November 2014 showed the lowest BC concentration as a result of the efficient emission controls for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting. Except for November 2014, the BC mass concentration during the heating periods was notably lower than the before-heating periods in November 2015 and 2016. Wind speed and relative humidity appeared to be two important meteorological parameters affecting BC pollution. The MERRA-2 BC concentration was validated through comparison with the continuous ground BC measurements in 2015 and 2016, affirming its reliability in demonstrating the large scale and long term variations of the ground BC concentration. The MERRA-2 BC spatial distribution, the potential source regions determined by concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis, and the regional emission inventories were combined to reveal the potential source regions and source types of BC in Beijing. Transportation emission in Beijing and residential emissions in the neighboring regions such as Hebei appeared to be important sources of BC in Beijing. According to the historical trends of MERRA-2 BC concentration and typical fossil fuel consumption (1980-2017), local coal and coke are no longer the major factor affecting the BC concentration, instead, liquid fuels such as gasoline, kerosene, and diesel may highly contribute to the BC pollution in Beijing in recent years. Regional transport of BC may have also contributed to the loading of BC in Beijing. Open biomass burning may be a non-negligible factor for the short-term variation of BC in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuepeng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Qing Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Siming Cheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenguang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hezhong Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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