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Whulanza Y, Ammar H, Haryadi D, Pangesty AI, Widoretno W, Subekti DT, Charmet J. High-Performance, Easy-to-Fabricate, Nanocomposite Heater for Life Sciences and Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1164. [PMID: 38675084 PMCID: PMC11055136 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microheaters are used in several applications, including medical diagnostics, synthesis, environmental monitoring, and actuation. Conventional microheaters rely on thin-film electrodes microfabricated in a clean-room environment. However, low-cost alternatives based on conductive paste electrodes fabricated using printing techniques have started to emerge over the years. Here, we report a surprising effect that leads to significant electrode performance improvement as confirmed by the thorough characterization of bulk, processed, and conditioned samples. Mixing silver ink and PVA results in the solubilization of performance-hindering organic compounds. These compounds evaporate during heating cycles. The new electrodes, which reach a temperature of 80 °C within 5 min using a current of 7.0 A, display an overall 42% and 35% improvement in the mechanical (hardness) and electrical (resistivity) properties compared to pristine silver ink electrodes. To validate our results, we use the composite heater to amplify and detect parasite DNA from Trypanosoma brucei, associated with African sleeping sickness. Our LAMP test compares well with commercially available systems, confirming the excellent performance of our nanocomposite heaters. Since their fabrication relies on well-established techniques, we anticipate they will find use in a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Whulanza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Husein Ammar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Deni Haryadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gunadarma University, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Azizah Intan Pangesty
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Widoretno Widoretno
- Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (W.W.); (D.T.S.)
| | - Didik Tulus Subekti
- Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (W.W.); (D.T.S.)
| | - Jérôme Charmet
- School of Engineering HE-Arc Ingénierie, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Alvi NUH, Sandberg M. Sustainable and Low-Cost Electrodes for Photocatalytic Fuel Cells. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:636. [PMID: 38607170 PMCID: PMC11013446 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Water pollutants harm ecosystems and degrade water quality. At the same time, many pollutants carry potentially valuable chemical energy, measured by chemical oxygen demand (COD). This study highlights the potential for energy harvesting during remediation using photocatalytic fuel cells (PCFCs), stressing the importance of economically viable and sustainable materials. To achieve this, this research explores alternatives to platinum cathodes in photocathodes and aims to develop durable, cost-effective photoanode materials. Here, zinc oxide nanorods of high density are fabricated on carbon fiber surfaces using a low-temperature aqueous chemical growth method that is simple, cost-efficient, and readily scalable. Alternatives to the Pt cathodes frequently used in PCFC research are explored in comparison with screen-printed PEDOT:PSS cathodes. The fabricated ZnO/carbon anode (1.5 × 2 cm2) is used to remove the model pollutant used here and salicylic acid from water (30 mL, 70 μM) is placed under simulated sunlight (0.225 Sun). It was observed that salicylic acid was degraded by 23 ±0.46% at open voltage (OV) and 43.2 ± 0.86% at 1 V with Pt as the counter electrode, degradation was 18.5 ± 0.37% at open voltage (OV) and 44.1 ± 0.88% at 1 V, while PEDOT:PSS was used as the counter electrode over 120 min. This shows that the PEDOT:PSS exhibits an excellent performance with the full potential to provide low-environmental-impact electrodes for PCFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed ul Hassan Alvi
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Smart Hardware, Bio- and Organic Electronics, Södra Grytsgatan 4, 602 33 Norrköping, Sweden;
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3
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Chaney LE, van Beek A, Downing JR, Zhang J, Zhang H, Hui J, Sorensen EA, Khalaj M, Dunn JB, Chen W, Hersam MC. Bayesian Optimization of Environmentally Sustainable Graphene Inks Produced by Wet Jet Milling. Small 2024:e2309579. [PMID: 38530067 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphene is a potentially scalable method to produce conductive graphene inks for printed electronic applications. Among LPE methods, wet jet milling (WJM) is an emerging approach that uses high-speed, turbulent flow to exfoliate graphene nanoplatelets from graphite in a continuous flow manner. Unlike prior WJM work based on toxic, high-boiling-point solvents such as n-methyl-2-pyrollidone (NMP), this study uses the environmentally friendly solvent ethanol and the polymer stabilizer ethyl cellulose (EC). Bayesian optimization and iterative batch sampling are employed to guide the exploration of the experimental phase space (namely, concentrations of graphite and EC in ethanol) in order to identify the Pareto frontier that simultaneously optimizes three performance criteria (graphene yield, conversion rate, and film conductivity). This data-driven strategy identifies vastly different optimal WJM conditions compared to literature precedent, including an optimal loading of 15 wt% graphite in ethanol compared to 1 wt% graphite in NMP. These WJM conditions provide superlative graphene production rates of 3.2 g hr-1 with the resulting graphene nanoplatelets being suitable for screen-printed micro-supercapacitors. Finally, life cycle assessment reveals that ethanol-based WJM graphene exfoliation presents distinct environmental sustainability advantages for greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuel consumption, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Chaney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Anton van Beek
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Julia R Downing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hengrui Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Janan Hui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - E Alexander Sorensen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Maryam Khalaj
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jennifer B Dunn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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4
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Rac-Rumijowska O, Pokryszka P, Rybicki T, Suchorska-Woźniak P, Woźniak M, Kaczkowska K, Karbownik I. Influence of Flexible and Textile Substrates on Frequency-Selective Surfaces (FSS). Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1704. [PMID: 38475240 DOI: 10.3390/s24051704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Frequency-selective surfaces (FSS) are two-dimensional geometric structures made of conductive materials that selectively transmit or reflect electromagnetic waves. In this paper, flexible FSS made on textile and film substrates is presented and compared to show the effect of the texture associated with the type of substrate on the shielding properties. Three geometries of patterns of squares in the border, inversion of squares in the border, and circles with a border were used, and the patterns were made by the silver paste screen printing technique. Microscopic analysis (SEM and optical) was performed to determine the degree of substrate coverage and the actual geometry of the pattern. The resistance per square of the obtained patterns was about 50 mΩ/□. The shielding properties of FSS were simulated in Comsol Multiphysics 6.2 software and then measured by the antenna method. Selective textile filters were obtained, depending on the pattern used, with one or two modals with a transmission attenuation of about 15 dB. The paper analyzes the effect of the substrate and the screen printing technique used on the shielding properties of the flexible FSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rac-Rumijowska
- Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Pokryszka
- Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rybicki
- Faculty of Electrical, Electronic, Computer and Control Engineering, Technical University of Łódź, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak
- Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Woźniak
- Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaczkowska
- Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iwona Karbownik
- Faculty of Electrical, Electronic, Computer and Control Engineering, Technical University of Łódź, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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5
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Szałapak J, Zdanikowski B, Kądziela A, Lepak-Kuc S, Dybowska-Sarapuk Ł, Janczak D, Raczyński T, Jakubowska M. Carbon-Based Composites with Biodegradable Matrix for Flexible Paper Electronics. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:686. [PMID: 38475367 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The authors explore the development of paper-based electronics using carbon-based composites with a biodegradable matrix based on ethyl cellulose and dibasic ester solvent. The main focus is on screen-printing techniques for creating flexible, eco-friendly electronic devices. This research evaluates the printability with the rheological measurements, electrical properties, flexibility, and adhesion of these composites, considering various compositions, including graphene, graphite, and carbon black. The study finds that certain compositions offer sheet resistance below 1 kΩ/sq and good adhesion to paper substrates with just one layer of screen printing, demonstrating the potential for commercial applications, such as single-use electronics, flexible heaters, etc. The study also shows the impact of cyclic bending on the electrical parameters of the prepared layers. This research emphasizes the importance of the biodegradability of the matrix, contributing to the field of sustainable electronics. Overall, this study provides insights into developing environmentally friendly, flexible electronic components, highlighting the role of biodegradable materials in this evolving industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Szałapak
- Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
- Central Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Zdanikowski
- Central Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kądziela
- Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandra Lepak-Kuc
- Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
- Central Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Dybowska-Sarapuk
- Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
- Central Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Janczak
- Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
- Central Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Raczyński
- Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
- Central Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jakubowska
- Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
- Central Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Skrzetuska E, Puszkarz AK, Nosal J. Assessment of Impact of the Surface Modification Techniques on Structural, Biophysical, and Electrically Conductive Properties of Different Fabrics. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1169. [PMID: 38473640 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This article presents studies on the evaluation of the impact of surface modification of cotton, viscose, and polyester fabrics using three techniques (flocking, layer by layer, and screen printing) with materials with electrically conductive properties on their structural, biophysical, and conductive properties. Each tested fabric is characterized by specific biophysical properties. which can be disturbed by various modification methods, therefore, the following tests were carried out in the article: optical microscopy, micro-computed tomography, guarded perspiration heating plate, air permeability, sorption and electrical conductivity tester. The use of screen printing increased the thermal resistance of the cotton woven fabric by 119%, the polyester woven fabric by 156%, and the viscose fabric by 261%. The smallest changes in thermal resistance compared to unmodified textiles were observed in layer by layer modified fabrics and are as follows: -15% (cotton woven fabric), +77% (PES woven fabric), and +80% (viscose woven fabric).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Skrzetuska
- Textile Institute, Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Zeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam K Puszkarz
- Textile Institute, Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Zeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Nosal
- Textile Institute, Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Zeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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7
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Makhinia A, Beni V, Andersson Ersman P. Screen-Printed Piezoelectric Sensors on Tattoo Paper Combined with All-Printed High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 38018124 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates sensitive and low-cost piezoelectric sensors on skin-friendly, ultrathin, and conformable substrates combined with organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for the detection and amplification of alternating low-voltage input signals. The fully screen-printed (SP) piezoelectric sensors were manufactured on commercially available tattoo paper substrates, while the all-printed OECTs, relying on an extended gate electrode architecture, were manufactured either by solely using SP or by combining SP and aerosol jet printing (AJP) on PET substrates. Applying a low-voltage signal (±25 mV) to the gate electrode of the SP+AJP OECT results in approximately five times higher current modulation as compared to the fully SP reference OECT. The tattoo paper-based substrate enables transfer of the SP piezoelectric sensor to the skin, which in turn allows for radial pulse monitoring when combined with the SP+AJP OECT; this is possible due to the ability of the conformable sensor to convert mechanical vibrations into voltage signals along with the highly sensitive current modulation ability of the transistor device to further amplify the output signal. The results reported herein pave the way toward all-printed fully conformable wearable devices with high sensitivity to be further utilized for the real-time monitoring of electrophysiological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii Makhinia
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems-Smart Hardware-Printed, Bio- and Organic Electronics, 60233 Norrköping, Sweden
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60221 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Valerio Beni
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems-Smart Hardware-Printed, Bio- and Organic Electronics, 60233 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Andersson Ersman
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems-Smart Hardware-Printed, Bio- and Organic Electronics, 60233 Norrköping, Sweden
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8
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Joo S, Han JY, Seo S, Kim JH. Patterning Techniques in Coplanar Micro/Nano Capacitive Sensors. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:2034. [PMID: 38004891 PMCID: PMC10672816 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Rapid technological advancements have led to increased demands for sensors. Hence, high performance suitable for next-generation technology is required. As sensing technology has numerous applications, various materials and patterning methods are used for sensor fabrication. This affects the characteristics and performance of sensors, and research centered specifically on these patterns is necessary for high integration and high performance of these devices. In this paper, we review the patterning techniques used in recently reported sensors, specifically the most widely used capacitive sensors, and their impact on sensor performance. Moreover, we introduce a method for increasing sensor performance through three-dimensional (3D) structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokwon Joo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Han
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soonmin Seo
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ju-Hyung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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9
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Dou X, Wang H, Liu Z, Zheng B, Zheng Z, Liu X, Guo R. Epoxy Resin-Assisted Cu Catalytic Printing for Flexible Cu Conductors on Smooth and Rough Substrates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37874909 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Flexible copper conductors have been extensively utilized in flexible and wearable electronics. They can be fabricated by using a variety of patterning techniques such as vacuum deposition, photolithography, and various printing techniques. However, vacuum deposition and photolithography are costly and result in material wastage. Moreover, traditional printing inks require posttreatment, which can damage flexible substrates, or grafting polymers, which involve complex processes to adhere to flexible substrates. Therefore, this study proposes a facile method of fabricating flexible metal patterns with high electrical conductivities and remarkable bonding forces on a diverse range of flexible substrates. Catalytic ink was prepared by using a mixture of epoxy resin, copper nanopowder, and nanosilica. The ink was applied to a variety of flexible substrates, including a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film, polyimide film, and filter paper, using screen printing to establish a bridge layer for subsequent electroless deposition (ELD). The catalytic efficiency was significantly improved by treating the cured ink patterns with air plasma. The fabricated flexible metals exhibited excellent adhesion and desirable electrical conductivity. The sheet resistance of the copper layer on the PET substrate decreased to 9.2 mΩ/□ after 150 min of ELD. The resistance of the flexible metal on the PET substrate increased by only 3.125% after 5000 bending cycles. The flexible metals prepared in this study demonstrated good foldability, and the samples with filter paper and PET substrates failed after 40 and 70 folds, respectively. A pressure sensor with a bottom electrode consisting of a copper interdigital electrode on a PET substrate displayed favorable sensing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 99077, China
| | - Xuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Ruisheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, China
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10
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Liu R, Shi X. Preparation of β-Cyclodextrin Functionalized Platform for Monitoring Changes in Potassium Content in Perspiration. Molecules 2023; 28:7000. [PMID: 37836843 PMCID: PMC10574319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28197000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of potassium ion (K+) levels in human sweat can provide valuable insights into electrolyte balance and muscle fatigue non-invasively. However, existing laboratory techniques for sweat testing are complex, while wearable sensors face limitations like drift, fouling and interference from ions such as Na+. This work develops printed electrodes using β-cyclodextrin functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-CD-RGO) for selective K+ quantification in sweat. The β-CD prevents the aggregation of RGO sheets while also providing selective binding sites for K+ capture. Electrodes were fabricated by screen printing the β-CD-RGO ink onto conductive carbon substrates. Material characterization confirmed the successful functionalization of RGO with β-CD. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed enhanced electrochemical behavior for β-CD-RGO-printed electrodes compared with bare carbon and RGO. Sensor optimization resulted in a formulation with 30% β-CD-RGO loading. The printed electrodes were drop-casted with an ion-selective polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane. A linear range from 10 μM to 100 mM was obtained along with a sensitivity of 54.7 mV/decade. The sensor showed good reproducibility over 10 cycles in 10 mM KCl. Minimal interference from 100 mM Na+ and other common sweat constituents validated the sensor's selectivity. On-body trials were performed by mounting the printed electrodes on human subjects during exercise. The K+ levels measured in sweat were found to correlate well with serum analysis, demonstrating the sensor's ability for non-invasive electrolyte monitoring. Overall, the facile synthesis of stable β-CD-RGO inks enables the scalable fabrication of wearable sensors for sweat potassium detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Liu
- College of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
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11
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Guo P, Tian B, Liang J, Yang X, Tang G, Li Q, Liu Q, Zheng K, Chen X, Wu W. An All-Printed, Fast-Response Flexible Humidity Sensor Based on Hexagonal-WO 3 Nanowires for Multifunctional Applications. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2304420. [PMID: 37358069 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of printing techniques for the development of high-performance humidity sensors holds immense significance for various applications in the fields of the Internet of Things, agriculture, human healthcare, and storage environments. However, the long response time and low sensitivity of current printed humidity sensors limit their practical applications. Herein, a series of high-sensing-performance flexible resistive-type humidity sensors is fabricated by the screen-printing method, and hexagonal tungsten oxide (h-WO3 ) is employed as the humidity-sensing material due to its low cost, strong chemical adsorption ability, and excellent humidity-sensing ability. The as-prepared printed sensors exhibit high sensitivity, good repeatability, outstanding flexibility, low hysteresis, and fast response (1.5 s) in a wide relative humidity (RH) range (11-95% RH). Furthermore, the sensitivity of humidity sensors can be easily adjusted by altering the manufacturing parameters of the sensing layer and interdigital electrode to meet the diverse requirements of specific applications. The printed flexible humidity sensors possess immense potential in various applications, including wearable devices, non-contact measurements, and packaging opening state monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panwang Guo
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Bin Tian
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liang
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Yang
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Guilin Tang
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Quancai Li
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qun Liu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
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12
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Minyawi BA, Vaseem M, Alhebshi NA, Al-Amri AM, Shamim A. Printed Electrodes Based on Vanadium Dioxide and Gold Nanoparticles for Asymmetric Supercapacitors. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2567. [PMID: 37764596 PMCID: PMC10535297 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Printed energy storage components attracted attention for being incorporated into bendable electronics. In this research, a homogeneous and stable ink based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) is hydrothermally synthesized with a non-toxic solvent. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized material are determined to be well-crystalline monoclinic-phase nanoparticles. The charge storage mechanisms and evaluations are specified for VO2 electrodes, gold (Au) electrodes, and VO2/Au electrodes using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The VO2 electrode shows an electrical double layer and a redox reaction in the positive and negative voltage ranges with a slightly higher areal capacitance of 9 mF cm-2. The VO2/Au electrode exhibits an areal capacitance of 16 mF cm-2, which is double that of the VO2 electrode. Due to the excellent electrical conductivity of gold, the areal capacitance 18 mF cm-2 of the Au electrode is the highest among them. Based on that, Au positive electrodes and VO2 negative electrodes are used to build an asymmetric supercapacitor. The device delivers an areal energy density of 0.45 μWh cm-2 at an areal power density of 70 μW cm-2 at 1.4 V in the aqueous electrolyte of potassium hydroxide. We provide a promising electrode candidate for cost-effective, lightweight, environmentally friendly printed supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashaer A. Minyawi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Vaseem
- Integrated Microwave Packaging Antennas and Circuit Technology (IMPACT) Lab, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha A. Alhebshi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M. Al-Amri
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Shamim
- Integrated Microwave Packaging Antennas and Circuit Technology (IMPACT) Lab, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Tu H, Li X, Lin X, Lang C, Gao Y. Washable and Flexible Screen-Printed Ag/AgCl Electrode on Textiles for ECG Monitoring. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3665. [PMID: 37765519 PMCID: PMC10538005 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes are important sensors for detecting heart disease whose performance determines the validity and accuracy of the collected original ECG signals. Due to the large drawbacks (e.g., allergy, shelf life) of traditional commercial gel electrodes, textile electrodes receive widespread attention for their excellent comfortability and breathability. This work demonstrated a dry electrode for ECG monitoring fabricated by screen printing silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) conductive ink on ordinary polyester fabric. The results show that the screen-printed textile electrodes have good and stable electrical and electrochemical properties and excellent ECG signal acquisition performance. Furthermore, the resistance of the screen-printed textile electrode is maintained within 0.5 Ω/cm after 5000 bending cycles or 20 washing and drying cycles, exhibiting excellent flexibility and durability. This research provides favorable support for the design and preparation of flexible and wearable electrophysiological sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huating Tu
- College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (H.T.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoou Li
- College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (H.T.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiangde Lin
- College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (H.T.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Chenhong Lang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
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14
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Wu J, Liu Q, Gao P, Wang J, Qi Y, Li Z, Li J, Jiang T. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of a Novel Blue-Green Long Afterglow BaYAl 3O 7:Eu 2+, Nd 3+ Phosphor and Its Anti-Counterfeiting Application. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2457. [PMID: 37686964 PMCID: PMC10490405 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a series of novel long afterglow nanophosphors BaYAl3O7:Eu2+, Nd3+ was synthesized by the combustion method. The investigation encompassed the characterization of X-ray diffraction, morphology, chemical valence, elemental composition, and photoluminescence behavior of BaYAl3O7:Eu2+ and BaYAl3O7:Eu2+, Nd3+ nanoparticles. Under 365 nm excitation, BaYAl3O7:Eu2+ and BaYAl3O7:Eu2+, Nd3+ show emission bands centered at 497 nm and 492 nm, which are attributed to the 4f65d→4f7 transition of Eu2+ ions. The optimal samples of BaYAl3O7:0.03Eu2+ and BaYAl3O7:0.03Eu2+, 0.02Nd3+ have average fluorescence lifetimes of 850 ns and 1149 ns, respectively. The co-doping of Nd3+ ions as the trap centers produced long afterglow luminescence properties, and the afterglow time could reach up to 8 min. Furthermore, the fluorescent powder can be mixed with polyacrylic acid to prepare anti-counterfeiting inks; a clover pattern and snowflake pattern have been successfully printed using screen printing technology, proving its potential application in the field of anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China; (J.W.); (Q.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Quanxiao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China; (J.W.); (Q.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Peng Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China; (J.W.); (Q.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Jigang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China; (J.W.); (Q.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Yuansheng Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China; (J.W.); (Q.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Zhenjun Li
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices (Preparatory), Beijing 100190, China
- The GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Junming Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensors, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China;
| | - Tao Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China;
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15
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Lin B, Zheng Y, Wang J, Tu Q, Tang W, Chen L. Flexible High-Performance and Screen-Printed Symmetric Supercapacitor Using Hierarchical Rodlike V 3O 7 Inks. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2282. [PMID: 37630867 PMCID: PMC10457910 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the Internet of things stimulates the pursuit of flexible and miniaturized supercapacitors. As an advanced technology, screen printing displays vigor and tremendous potential in fabricating supercapacitors, but the adoption of high-performance ink is a great challenge. Here, hierarchical V3O7 with rodlike texture was prepared via a facile template-solvothermal route; and the morphology, component, and valence bond information are characterized meticulously. Then, the screen-printed inks composed of V3O7, acetylene black, and PVDF are formulated, and the rheological behaviors are studied detailedly. Benefitting from the orderly aligned ink, the optimal screen-printed electrode can exhibit an excellent specific capacitance of 274.5 F/g at 0.3 A/g and capacitance retention of 81.9% after 5000 cycles. In addition, a flexible V3O7 symmetrical supercapacitor (SSC) is screen-printed and assembled on the Ag current collector, exhibiting a decent areal specific capacitance of 322.5 mF/cm2 at 0.5 mA/cm2, outstanding cycling stability of 90.8% even after 5000 cycles, satisfactory maximum energy density of 129.45 μWh/cm2 at a power density of 0.42 mW/cm2, and remarkable flexibility and durability. Furthermore, a single SSC enables the showing of an actual voltage of 1.70 V after charging, and no obvious self-discharge phenomenon is found, revealing the great applied value in supply power. Therefore, this work provides a facile and low-cost reference of screen-printed ink for large-scale fabrication of flexible supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wentao Tang
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China; (B.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Q.T.)
| | - Liangzhe Chen
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China; (B.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Q.T.)
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16
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Chaney LE, Hyun WJ, Khalaj M, Hui J, Hersam MC. Fully Printed, High-Temperature Micro-Supercapacitor Arrays Enabled by a Hexagonal Boron Nitride Ionogel Electrolyte. Adv Mater 2023:e2305161. [PMID: 37540893 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation and miniaturization of portable electronics require energy-storage devices that are simultaneously compact, flexible, and amenable to scalable manufacturing. In this work, mechanically flexible micro-supercapacitor arrays are demonstrated via sequential high-speed screen printing of conductive graphene electrodes and a high-temperature hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) ionogel electrolyte. By combining the superlative dielectric properties of 2D hBN with the high ionic conductivity of ionic liquids, the resulting hBN ionogel electrolyte enables micro-supercapacitors with exceptional areal capacitances that approach 1 mF cm-2 . Unlike incumbent polymer-based electrolytes, the high-temperature stability of the hBN ionogel electrolyte implies that the printed micro-supercapacitors can be operated at unprecedentedly high temperatures up to 180 °C. These elevated operating temperatures result in increased power densities that make these printed micro-supercapacitors particularly promising for applications in harsh environments such as underground exploration, aviation, and electric vehicles. The combination of enhanced functionality in extreme conditions and high-speed production via scalable additive manufacturing significantly broadens the technological phase space for on-chip energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Chaney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Woo Jin Hyun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Maryam Khalaj
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Janan Hui
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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17
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Zhang CJ, Schneider R, Jafarpour M, Nüesch F, Abdolhosseinzadeh S, Heier J. Micro-Cup Architecture for Printing and Coating Asymmetric 2d-Material-Based Solid-State Supercapacitors. Small 2023; 19:e2300357. [PMID: 37078837 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High energy density micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) are in high demand for miniaturized electronics and microsystems. Research efforts today focus on materials development, applied in the planar interdigitated, symmetric electrode architecture. A novel "cup & core" device architecture that allows for printing of asymmetric devices without the need of accurately positioning the second finger electrode here have been introduced. The bottom electrode is either produced by laser ablation of a blade-coated graphene layer or directly screen-printed with graphene inks to create grids with high aspect ratio walls forming an array of "micro-cups". A quasi-solid-state ionic liquid electrolyte is spray-deposited on the walls; the top electrode material -MXene inks- is then spray-coated to fill the cup structure. The architecture combines the advantages of interdigitated electrodes for facilitated ion-diffusion, which is critical for 2D-material-based energy storage systems by providing vertical interfaces with the layer-by-layer processing of the sandwich geometry. Compared to flat reference devices, volumetric capacitance of printed "micro-cups" MSC increased considerably, while the time constant decreased (by 58%). Importantly, the high energy density (3.99 µWh cm-2 ) of the "micro-cups" MSC is also superior to other reported MXene and graphene-based MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfang John Zhang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - René Schneider
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Jafarpour
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Frank Nüesch
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Sina Abdolhosseinzadeh
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Heier
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
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18
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Shitanda I, Muramatsu N, Kimura R, Takahashi N, Watanabe K, Matsui H, Loew N, Motosuke M, Mukaimoto T, Kobayashi M, Mitsuhara T, Sugita Y, Matsuo K, Yanagita S, Suzuki T, Watanabe H, Itagaki M. Wearable Ion Sensors for the Detection of Sweat Ions Fabricated by Heat-Transfer Printing. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2889-2895. [PMID: 37318827 PMCID: PMC10391709 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wearable ion sensors for the real-time monitoring of sweat biomarkers have recently attracted increasing research attention. Here, we fabricated a novel chloride ion sensor for real-time sweat monitoring. The printed sensor was heat-transferred onto nonwoven cloth, allowing for easy attachment to various types of clothing, including simple garments. Additionally, the cloth prevents contact between the skin and the sensor and acts as a flow path. The change in the electromotive force of the chloride ion sensor was -59.5 mTV/log CCl-. In addition, the sensor showed a good linear relationship with the concentration range of chloride ions in human sweat. Moreover, the sensor displayed a Nernst response, confirming no changes in the film composition due to heat transfer. Finally, the fabricated ion sensors were applied to the skin of a human volunteer subjected to an exercise test. In addition, a wireless transmitter was combined with the sensor to wirelessly monitor ions in sweat. The sensors showed significant responses to both sweat perspiration and exercise intensity. Thus, our research demonstrates the potential of using wearable ion sensors for the real-time monitoring of sweat biomarkers, which could significantly impact the development of personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Shitanda
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Muramatsu
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rio Kimura
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nanami Takahashi
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Watanabe
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsui
- Research
Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata
University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Noya Loew
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Motosuke
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mukaimoto
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Institute
of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo University of
Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Momoko Kobayashi
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taketo Mitsuhara
- Department
of Globe Fire Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yamato Sugita
- Department
of Globe Fire Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kensuke Matsuo
- Department
of Globe Fire Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinya Yanagita
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Institute
of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo University of
Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Suzuki
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hikari Watanabe
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itagaki
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
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19
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Aubeeluck DA, Forbrigger C, Taromsari SM, Chen T, Diller E, Naguib HE. Screen-Printed Resistive Tactile Sensor for Monitoring Tissue Interaction Forces on a Surgical Magnetic Microgripper. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37403926 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
With the recent development of novel miniaturized magnetically controlled microgripper surgical tools (of diameter 4 mm) for robot-assisted minimally invasive endoscopic intraventricular surgery, the surgeon loses feedback from direct physical contact with the tissue. In this case, surgeons will have to rely on tactile haptic feedback technologies to retain their ability to limit tissue trauma and its associated complications during operations. Current tactile sensors for haptic feedback cannot be integrated to the novel tools primarily due to size limitations and low force range requirements of these highly dextrous surgical operations. This study introduces the design and fabrication of a novel 9 mm2, ultra-thin and flexible resistive tactile sensor whose operation is based on variation of resistivity due to changes in contact area and piezoresistive (PZT) effect of the sensor's materials and sub-components. Structural optimization was performed on the sub-components of the sensor design, including microstructures, interdigitated electrodes, and conductive materials in order to improve minimum detection force while maintaining low hysteresis and unwanted sensor actuation. To achieve a low-cost design suitable for disposable tools, multiple layers of the sensor sub-component were screen-printed to produce thin flexible films. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and thermoplastic polyurethane composites were fabricated, optimized, and processed into suitable inks to produce conductive films to be assembled with printed interdigitated electrodes and microstructures. The assembled sensor's electromechanical performance indicated three distinct linear sensitivity modes within the sensing range of 0.04-1.3 N. Results also indicated repeatable and low-time responses while maintaining the flexibility and robustness of the overall sensor. This novel ultra-thin screen-printed tactile sensor of 110 μm thickness is comparable to more expensive tactile sensors in terms of performance and can be mounted onto the magnetically controlled micro-scale surgical tools to increase the safety and quality of endoscopic intraventricular surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Anastasia Aubeeluck
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Cameron Forbrigger
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Sara Mohseni Taromsari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Tianhao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Eric Diller
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
- University of Toronto Robotics Institute, University of Toronto Engineering, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Hani E Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
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20
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Saar I, Evard H. Screen Printed Particle-Based Microfluidics: Optimization and Exemplary Application for Heavy Metals Analysis. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1369. [PMID: 37512680 PMCID: PMC10386728 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a screen-printing method was developed to create porous particle-based materials as layers with specifically designed shape to produce microfluidics systems. Among several tested binding agents, xanthan gum was found to be an excellent choice for a printing mixture thickener as well as a durable binder for the resulting material. In addition to demonstrating control over the shape of the printed microfluidics chips, control over material thickness, wetting characteristics and general method accuracy were also investigated. The applicability of the introduced method was further demonstrated with a development of an exemplary microfluidics chip for quantitative detection of Fe (III), Ni (II), Cu (II), Cd (II), and Pb (II) from a mixed sample at millimolar levels. The novel approaches demonstrated in this article offer new perspective into creating multiplexed on-site chemical analysis tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Saar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hanno Evard
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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21
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Gonçalves BF, Sousa V, Virtuoso J, Modin E, Lebedev OI, Botelho G, Sadewasser S, Salonen LM, Lanceros-Méndez S, Kolen'ko YV. Towards All-Non-Vacuum-Processed Photovoltaic Systems: A Water-Based Screen-Printed Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 Photoabsorber with a 6.6% Efficiency. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1920. [PMID: 37446436 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades, major advances have been made in photovoltaic systems based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 chalcopyrite. However, the most efficient photovoltaic cells are processed under high-energy-demanding vacuum conditions. To lower the costs and facilitate high-throughput production, printing/coating processes are proving to be effective solutions. This work combined printing, coating, and chemical bath deposition processes of photoabsorber, buffer, and transparent conductive layers for the development of solution-processed photovoltaic systems. Using a sustainable approach, all inks were formulated using water and ethanol as solvents. Screen printing of the photoabsorber on fluorine-doped tin-oxide-coated glass followed by selenization, chemical bath deposition of the cadmium sulfide buffer, and final sputtering of the intrinsic zinc oxide and aluminum-doped zinc oxide top conductive layers delivered a 6.6% maximum efficiency solar cell, a record for screen-printed Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. On the other hand, the all-non-vacuum-processed device with spray-coated intrinsic zinc-oxide- and tin-doped indium oxide top conductive layers delivered a 2.2% efficiency. The given approaches represent relevant steps towards the fabrication of sustainable and efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna F Gonçalves
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Viviana Sousa
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - José Virtuoso
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Evgeny Modin
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Oleg I Lebedev
- Laboratorie CRISMAT, UMR 6508, CNRS-ENSICAEN, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Gabriela Botelho
- Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sascha Sadewasser
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Laura M Salonen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Yury V Kolen'ko
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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22
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Lu X, Wang X, Li X, Chai L, Liu G, Ge J, Shao J. Preparation of Patterned Photonic Crystals with High Fastness and Iridescence Effect via Resist- Screen Printing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37341383 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Patterned photonic crystals (PCs) have great application potential in the textile field owing to their attractive high-saturation iridescent effect. Herein, based on the idea of resist printing, a novel approach to constructing patterned photonic crystals via screen printing was designed and achieved. A colorless pattern with hydrophilic and hydrophobic difference was firstly prepared by screen printing using a hydrophilic polymer paste printed on a hydrophobic fabric, and then the PC structurally colored pattern was obtained through scrapping liquid photonic crystals (LPCs) on the fabric because the LPCs were spread and assembled in the hydrophilic pattern but resisted in the hydrophobic areas, so that to realize the rapid preparation of patterned PCs on the fabric surface. Once the contact angle difference (ΔCA) between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas exceeded 80, the "color paste" (that is, LPCs) did not stain the hydrophobic area at all after scrapping, and the assembled PCs pattern showed good contour sharpness and high-saturation iridescence effect. The complex multistructural color patterns on the fabrics were achieved by adjusting the size of nanospheres and using multistep printing and scrapping. The preparation of the protective layer on the PC surface effectively improved the structural stability of the patterned PCs while retaining the optical properties of the pattern. This patterned PCs preparation method was combined with a conventional responsive substance (rhodamine B) to obtain double anti-counterfeiting patterned PCs with the iridescence effect. The results suggested a promising future in both the highly efficient preparation of patterned PCs and the application of PCs in the anti-counterfeiting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Lu
- Engineering Research Centre for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Engineering Research Centre for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Engineering Research Centre for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Liqin Chai
- Engineering Research Centre for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guojin Liu
- Engineering Research Centre for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianping Ge
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jianzhong Shao
- Engineering Research Centre for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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23
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Phung TH, Gafurov AN, Kim I, Kim SY, Kim KM, Lee TM. Hybrid Device Fabrication Using Roll-to-Roll Printing for Personal Environmental Monitoring. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2687. [PMID: 37376333 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Roll-to-roll (R2R) printing methods are well known as additive, cost-effective, and ecologically friendly mass-production methods for processing functional materials and fabricating devices. However, implementing R2R printing to fabricate sophisticated devices is challenging because of the efficiency of material processing, the alignment, and the vulnerability of the polymeric substrate during printing. Therefore, this study proposes the fabrication process of a hybrid device to solve the problems. The device was created so that four layers, composed of polymer insulating layers and conductive circuit layers, are entirely screen-printed layer by layer onto a roll of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film to produce the circuit. Registration control methods were presented to deal with the PET substrate during printing, and then solid-state components and sensors were assembled and soldered to the printed circuits of the completed devices. In this way, the quality of the devices could be ensured, and the devices could be massively used for specific purposes. Specifically, a hybrid device for personal environmental monitoring was fabricated in this study. The importance of environmental challenges to human welfare and sustainable development is growing. As a result, environmental monitoring is essential to protect public health and serve as a basis for policymaking. In addition to the fabrication of the monitoring devices, a whole monitoring system was also developed to collect and process the data. Here, the monitored data from the fabricated device were personally collected via a mobile phone and uploaded to a cloud server for additional processing. The information could then be utilized for local or global monitoring purposes, moving one step toward creating tools for big data analysis and forecasting. The successful deployment of this system could be a foundation for creating and developing systems for other prospective uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Huy Phung
- Department of Mechatronics, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Anton Nailevich Gafurov
- Department of Flexible and Printed Electronics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanomechatronics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Flexible and Printed Electronics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Department of Robot and Manufacturing System, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Tech University of Korea (TU Korea), 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si 15073, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Tech University of Korea (TU Korea), 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si 15073, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Taik-Min Lee
- Department of Flexible and Printed Electronics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Department of Robot and Manufacturing System, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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24
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Li X, Sun R, Pan J, Shi Z, Lv J, An Z, He Y, Chen Q, Han RPS, Zhang F, Lu Y, Liang H, Liu Q. All-MXene-Printed RF Resonators as Wireless Plant Wearable Sensors for In Situ Ethylene Detection. Small 2023; 19:e2207889. [PMID: 36899491 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Printed flexible electronics have emerged as versatile functional components of wearable intelligent devices that bridge the digital information networks with biointerfaces. Recent endeavors in plant wearable sensors provide real-time and in situ insights to study phenotyping traits of crops, whereas monitoring of ethylene, the fundamental phytohormone, remains challenging due to the lack of flexible and scalable manufacturing of plant wearable ethylene sensors. Here the all-MXene-printed flexible radio frequency (RF) resonators are presented as plant wearable sensors for wireless ethylene detection. The facile formation of additive-free MXene ink enables rapid, scalable manufacturing of printed electronics, demonstrating decent printing resolution (2.5% variation), ≈30000 S m-1 conductivity and mechanical robustness. Incorporation of MXene-reduced palladium nanoparticles (MXene@PdNPs) facilitates 1.16% ethylene response at 1 ppm with 0.084 ppm limit of detection. The wireless sensor tags are attached on plant organ surfaces for in situ and continuously profiling of plant ethylene emission to inform the key transition of plant biochemistry, potentially extending the application of printed MXene electronics to enable real-time plant hormone monitoring for precision agriculture and food industrial management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Rujing Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Biosafety III Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jingying Pan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhenghan Shi
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jingjiang Lv
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zijian An
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yan He
- Cancer Research Center, College of Computer Science, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Qingmei Chen
- Cancer Research Center, College of Computer Science, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Ray P S Han
- Cancer Research Center, College of Computer Science, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Fenni Zhang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Biosafety III Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Qingjun Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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25
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Pourjafari D, García-Peña NG, Padrón-Hernández WY, Peralta-Domínguez D, Castro-Chong AM, Nabil M, Avilés-Betanzos RC, Oskam G. Functional Materials for Fabrication of Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Ink Formulation and Its Effect on Solar Cell Performance. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16113917. [PMID: 37297051 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly developed into one of the most attractive photovoltaic technologies, exceeding power conversion efficiencies of 25% and as the most promising technology to complement silicon-based solar cells. Among different types of PSCs, carbon-based, hole-conductor-free PSCs (C-PSCs), in particular, are seen as a viable candidate for commercialization due to the high stability, ease of fabrication, and low cost. This review examines strategies to increase charge separation, extraction, and transport properties in C-PSCs to improve the power conversion efficiency. These strategies include the use of new or modified electron transport materials, hole transport layers, and carbon electrodes. Additionally, the working principles of various printing techniques for the fabrication of C-PSCs are presented, as well as the most remarkable results obtained from each technique for small-scale devices. Finally, the manufacture of perovskite solar modules using scalable deposition techniques is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Pourjafari
- Department of Applied Physics, CINVESTAV-IPN, Antigua Carretera a Progreso Km 6, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Nidia G García-Peña
- Department of Applied Physics, CINVESTAV-IPN, Antigua Carretera a Progreso Km 6, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Wendy Y Padrón-Hernández
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte, Km 33.5, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Merida 97203, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Diecenia Peralta-Domínguez
- Department of Applied Physics, CINVESTAV-IPN, Antigua Carretera a Progreso Km 6, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Alejandra María Castro-Chong
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, Centro 78000, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Engineering and Science School, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Tecnológico, Monterrey 64700, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Mahmoud Nabil
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Industrias No Contaminantes por Anillo Periférico Norte, Merida 97203, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Roberto C Avilés-Betanzos
- Department of Applied Physics, CINVESTAV-IPN, Antigua Carretera a Progreso Km 6, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Gerko Oskam
- Department of Applied Physics, CINVESTAV-IPN, Antigua Carretera a Progreso Km 6, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
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26
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Cao D, Ji T, Ren H, Wang G, Wu Q, Zhu H. Designing Low Tortuosity Electrodes through Pattern Optimization for Fast-Charging. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2201344. [PMID: 36808286 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of fast-charging technologies is crucial for expediting the progress and promotion of electric vehicles. In addition to innovative material exploration, reduction in the tortuosity of electrodes is a favored strategy to enhance the fast-charging capability of lithium-ion batteries by optimizing the ion-transfer kinetics. To realize the industrialization of low-tortuosity electrodes, a facile, cost-effective, highly controlled, and high-output continuous additive manufacturing roll-to-roll screen printing technology is proposed to render customized vertical channels within electrodes. Extremely precise vertical channels are fabricated by applying the as-developed inks, using LiNi0.6 Mn0.2 Co0.2 O2 as the cathode material. Additionally, the relationship between the electrochemical properties and architecture of the channels, including the pattern, channel diameter, and edge distance between channels, is revealed. The optimized screen-printed electrode exhibited a seven-fold higher charge capacity (72 mAh g-1 ) at a current rate of 6 C and superior stability compared with that of the conventional bar-coated electrode (10 mAh g-1 , 6 C) at a mass loading of 10 mg cm-2 . This roll-to-roll additive manufacturing can potentially be applied to various active materials printing to reduce electrode tortuosity and enable fast charging in battery manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Daxian Cao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tongtai Ji
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Haoze Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Guanyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Qingliu Wu
- Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Hongli Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Sepideh Akbaripoor Tafreshi Nejad, Atasheh Soleimani-Gorgani, Malihe Pishvaei. Multifunctional screen-printed films using polymer nanocomposite based on PPy/TiO 2: conductive, photocatalytic, self-cleaning and antibacterial functionalities. Iran Polym J 2023. [ DOI: 10.1007/s13726-023-01153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two electrically conductive samples based on polypyrrole (PPy) and (PPy/TiO2) were synthesized via mini-emulsion polymerization. Synthesized samples were used as functional fillers to formulate two different screen-printing pastes (pastes A and B) to obtain the multi-purpose printed films with excellent properties, including electrical conductivity, antibacterial, photocatalytic activity, and self-cleaning. The surface tension, pH, and conductivity measurements validated the acceptable features of the produced pastes. Because of the shear-thinning behavior and viscosity buildup properties of the produced pastes, rheological investigations confirmed their potential for screen-printing. According to I–V test results, the optimum sintering temperature was chosen as a function of electrical conductivity, and the properties of the printed patterns were investigated by varying the printing sequences as 3, 6, and 9 times and sintered at the optimum temperature (90 °C). The contact angle of water on the optimum sample printed by Paste B was ca. 127° and relatively higher than the counterpart printed by Paste A which verified the superiority of the self-cleaning properties of the printed films with latter paste over the former. The photocatalytic studies concerning the degradation of methylene blue showed that the removal percentage of ca. 63% was achieved within the first 90 min of performing the test under UV light. The photocatalytic printed film was addressed the issue of filtering the unused suspension of nanoparticles, which made it difficult to remove the particles from the treated wastewater, in terms of sustainability. The fabricated patterns using Paste B exhibited improved properties, including electrical conductivity, antibacterial and photocatalytic activity.
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Wojciechowski J, Skrzetuska E. Creation and Analysis of a Respiratory Sensor Using the Screen-Printing Method and the Arduino Platform. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2315. [PMID: 36850912 PMCID: PMC9962531 DOI: 10.3390/s23042315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present novel highly sensitive and stretchable strain sensors using data analysis to report on human live parameters using the Arduino embedded system as a proof of concept in developing new and innovative solutions for health care. The article introduces the solution of textile sensor origination with electrical resistance measurement using the mobile Arduino microcontroller in the designed/elaborated textile printed sensor. The textile sensor was developed by the screen printing technique based on the water dispersion of carbon nanotubes during printing composition. By stretching and squeezing the T-shirt during breathing, the electrical resistances of the printed sensor were changed. The measured resistance corresponded to the number of breaths of the person wearing the T-shirt. The microcontroller calculated the number of breaths as a number of electrical resistance peaks, which then led to monitoring human live parameters.
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29
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Nguyen VC, Le MQ, Bernadet S, Hebrard Y, Mogniotte JF, Capsal JF, Cottinet PJ. Design Rules of Bidirectional Smart Sensor Coating for Condition Monitoring of Bearings. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36850110 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports a novel monitoring technique of bearings' bidirectional load (axial and radial) based on a smart sensor coating, which is screen printed onto the surface of a cross-shaped steel substrate. To ensure the accuracy and stability of measurement as well as the durability of the printed coating, the developed prototype is built according to design rules commonly used in electronic circuits. The finite element model (FEM) is used to predict the mechanical property of the tested substrate under either unidirectional or bidirectional loads. Regarding the output voltage of the piezoelectric sensor, experimental results are revealed to be well-corelated to the numerical simulation. It is pointed out that the output signal generated from the sensor (electrode) could be particularly affected due to the capacitive parasite coming from the conductive tracks (CTs). Such a phenomenon might be reduced by printing them on the dielectric layer rather than on the piezocomposite layer. The study also investigates a highly anisotropic shape of electrodes (rectangular instead of circle), indicating that the orientation of such electrodes (axial or radial) does affect the output measurement. To sum up, the high performance of a sensor network coating depends not only on the ultimate characteristics of its own materials, but also on its structural design. Such an issue has been rarely reported on in the literature, but is nonetheless crucial to achieving reliable condition monitoring of bearings, especially for multidirectional loads-a key signature of early failure detection.
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30
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Jo EB, Lee YA, Cho YA, Günther PA, Gebhardt SE, Neubert H, Kim HS. The 0-3 Lead Zirconate-Titanate (PZT)/Polyvinyl-Butyral (PVB) Composite for Tactile Sensing. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1649. [PMID: 36772688 PMCID: PMC9919231 DOI: 10.3390/s23031649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a 0-3 piezoelectric composite based on lead zirconate-titanate (PZT)/polyvinyl-butyral (PVB) was fabricated and characterized for its potential application in tactile sensing. The 0-3 composite was developed to incorporate the advantages of both ceramic and polymer. The paste of 0-3 PZT-PVB composite was printed using a conventional screen-printing technique on alumina and mylar substrates. The thickness of the prepared composite was approximately 80 μm. After printing the top electrode of the silver paste, 10 kV/mm of DC field was applied at 25 °C, 120 °C, and 150 °C for 10 min to align the electric dipoles in the composite. The piezoelectric charge coefficient of d33 and the piezoelectric voltage coefficient of g33 were improved by increasing the temperature of the poling process. The maximum values of d33 and g33 were 14.3 pC/N and 44.2 mV·m/N, respectively, at 150 °C. The sensor's sensitivity to the impact force was measured by a ball drop test. The sensors showed a linear behavior in the output voltage with increasing impact force. The sensitivity of the sensor on the alumina and mylar substrates was 1.368 V/N and 0.815 V/N, respectively. The rising time of the sensor to the finger touch was 43 ms on the alumina substrate and 35 ms on the mylar substrate. Consequently, the high sensitivity and fast response time of the sensor make the 0-3 PZT-PVB composite a good candidate for tactile sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bee Jo
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-A Lee
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-A Cho
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul A. Günther
- Department Smart Materials and Systems, Fraunhofer IKTS, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sylvia E. Gebhardt
- Department Smart Materials and Systems, Fraunhofer IKTS, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Neubert
- Department Smart Materials and Systems, Fraunhofer IKTS, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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Lepak-Kuc S, Nowicki Ł, Janczak D, Jakubowska M. The Influence of the Matrix Selection and the Unification Process on the Key Parameters of the Conductive Graphene Layers on a Flexible Substrate. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1238. [PMID: 36770245 PMCID: PMC9921362 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Screen-printed graphene layers on flexible substrates are one of the most advanced printed electronics developments of recent years. Obtaining thin, flexible, highly conductive components, whose applications are increasingly directed towards biomedical engineering and even medicine, requires an in-depth understanding of the correct choice of materials and procedures. Our work was aimed at investigating the influence of homogenisation in the triple rolling process over pastes dedicated to the screen printing technology, on their rheological parameters and the properties of the prints. The effect of selecting a suitable polymer matrix and different packing of graphene flakes was evaluated. Several studies were carried out, which can provide an excellent knowledge base in the context of graphene screen-printing pastes. Paste rheology, printability, path thickness, sheet resistance and adhesion to the substrate were investigated. Selected layers were also subjected to SEM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lepak-Kuc
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Sw. Andrzeja Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Nowicki
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Sw. Andrzeja Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Janczak
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Sw. Andrzeja Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jakubowska
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Sw. Andrzeja Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Karmakar RS, Chu CP, Li CL, Hsueh CH, Liao YC, Lu YW. Skin-Inspired Tactile Sensor on Cellulose Fiber Substrates with Interfacial Microstructure for Health Monitoring and Guitar Posture Feedback. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:174. [PMID: 36831940 PMCID: PMC9953271 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Skin-inspired flexible tactile sensors, with interfacial microstructure, are developed on cellulose fiber substrates for subtle pressure applications. Our device is made of two cellulose fiber substrates with conductive microscale structures, which emulate the randomly distributed spinosum in between the dermis and epidermis layers of the human skin. The microstructures not only permit a higher stress concentration at the tips but also generate electrical contact points and change contact resistance between the top and bottom substrates when the pressure is applied. Meanwhile, cellulose fibers possessing viscoelastic and biocompatible properties are utilized as substrates to mimic the dermis and epidermis layers of the skin. The electrical contact resistances (ECR) are then measured to quantify the tactile information. The microstructures and the substrate properties are studied to enhance the sensors' sensitivity. A very high sensitivity (14.4 kPa-1) and fast recovery time (approx. 2.5 ms) are achieved in the subtle pressure range (approx. 0-0.05 kPa). The device can detect subtle pressures from the human body due to breathing patterns and voice activity showing its potential for healthcare. Further, the guitar strumming and chord progression of the players with different skill levels are assessed to monitor the muscle strain during guitar playing, showing its potential for posture feedback in playing guitar or another musical instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Subhra Karmakar
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pei Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hway Hsueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Lu
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
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Murciego LP, Komolafe A, Peřinka N, Nunes-Matos H, Junker K, Díez AG, Lanceros-Méndez S, Torah R, Spaich EG, Dosen S. A Novel Screen-Printed Textile Interface for High-Density Electromyography Recording. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1113. [PMID: 36772153 PMCID: PMC9919117 DOI: 10.3390/s23031113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recording electrical muscle activity using a dense matrix of detection points (high-density electromyography, EMG) is of interest in a range of different applications, from human-machine interfacing to rehabilitation and clinical assessment. The wider application of high-density EMG is, however, limited as the clinical interfaces are not convenient for practical use (e.g., require conductive gel/cream). In the present study, we describe a novel dry electrode (TEX) in which the matrix of sensing pads is screen printed on textile and then coated with a soft polymer to ensure good skin-electrode contact. To benchmark the novel solution, an identical electrode was produced using state-of-the-art technology (polyethylene terephthalate with hydrogel, PET) and a process that ensured a high-quality sample. The two electrodes were then compared in terms of signal quality as well as functional application. The tests showed that the signals collected using PET and TEX were characterised by similar spectra, magnitude, spatial distribution and signal-to-noise ratio. The electrodes were used by seven healthy subjects and an amputee participant to recognise seven hand gestures, leading to similar performance during offline analysis and online control. The comprehensive assessment, therefore, demonstrated that the proposed textile interface is an attractive solution for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Pelaez Murciego
- Neurorehabilitation Systems, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9260 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Abiodun Komolafe
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nikola Peřinka
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Helga Nunes-Matos
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Ander García Díez
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Russel Torah
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Erika G. Spaich
- Neurorehabilitation Systems, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9260 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Strahinja Dosen
- Neurorehabilitation Systems, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9260 Aalborg, Denmark
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Park S, Ban S, Zavanelli N, Bunn AE, Kwon S, Lim HR, Yeo WH, Kim JH. Fully Screen-Printed PI/PEG Blends Enabled Patternable Electrodes for Scalable Manufacturing of Skin-Conformal, Stretchable, Wearable Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:2092-2103. [PMID: 36594669 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in soft materials and nano-microfabrication have enabled the development of flexible wearable electronics. At the same time, printing technologies have been demonstrated to be efficient and compatible with polymeric materials for manufacturing wearable electronics. However, wearable device manufacturing still counts on a costly, complex, multistep, and error-prone cleanroom process. Here, we present fully screen-printable, skin-conformal electrodes for low-cost and scalable manufacturing of wearable electronics. The screen printing of the polyimide (PI) layer enables facile, low-cost, scalable, high-throughput manufacturing. PI mixed with poly(ethylene glycol) exhibits a shear-thinning behavior, significantly improving the printability of PI. The premixed Ag/AgCl ink is then used for conductive layer printing. The serpentine pattern of the screen-printed electrode accommodates natural deformation under stretching (30%) and bending conditions (180°), which are verified by computational and experimental studies. Real-time wireless electrocardiogram monitoring is also successfully demonstrated using the printed electrodes with a flexible printed circuit. The algorithm developed in this study can calculate accurate heart rates, respiratory rates, and heart rate variability metrics for arrhythmia detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyun Park
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington98686, United States
| | - Seunghyeb Ban
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington98686, United States
| | - Nathan Zavanelli
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Andrew E Bunn
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington98686, United States
| | - Shinjae Kwon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Hyo-Ryoung Lim
- Major of Human Bioconvergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute for Materials, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington98686, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
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35
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Claus N, Verhaevert J, Rogier H. Cost-Driven Design of Printed Wideband Antennas with Reduced Silver Ink Consumption for the Internet of Things. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7929. [PMID: 36298283 PMCID: PMC9609706 DOI: 10.3390/s22207929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) accelerates the need for compact, lightweight and low-cost antennas combining wideband operation with a high integration potential. Although screen printing is excellently suited for manufacturing conformal antennas on a flexible substrate, its application is typically limited due to the expensive nature of conductive inks. This paper investigates how the production cost of a flexible coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed planar monopole antenna can be reduced by exploiting a mesh-based method for limiting ink consumption. Prototypes with mesh grids of different line widths and densities were screen-printed on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foil using silver-based nanoparticle ink. Smaller line widths decrease antenna gain and efficiency, while denser mesh grids better approximate unmeshed antenna behavior, albeit at the expense of greater ink consumption. A meshed prototype of 34.76×58.03mm with almost 80% ink reduction compared to an unmeshed counterpart is presented. It is capable of providing wideband coverage in the IMT/LTE-1/n1 (1.92-2.17 GHz), LTE-40/n40 (2.3-2.4 GHz), 2.45 GHz ISM (2.4-2.4835 GHz), IMT-E/LTE-7/n7 (2.5-2.69 GHz), and n78 5G (3.3-3.8 GHz) frequency bands. It exhibits a peak radiation efficiency above 90% and a metallized surface area of 2.46 cm2 (yielding an ink-to-total-surface ratio of 12.2%).
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36
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Verma A, Goos R, Weerdt JD, Pelgrims P, Ferraris E. Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Fully 3D-Printed Pressure Sensor Using a Hybrid Printing Approach. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7531. [PMID: 36236629 PMCID: PMC9572801 DOI: 10.3390/s22197531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pressure sensing is not a new concept and can be applied by using different transduction mechanisms and manufacturing techniques, including printed electronics approaches. However, very limited efforts have been taken to realise pressure sensors fully using additive manufacturing techniques, especially for personalised guide prosthetics in biomedical applications. In this work, we present a novel, fully printed piezoresistive pressure sensor, which was realised by using Aerosol Jet® Printing (AJP) and Screen Printing. AJ®P was specifically chosen to print silver interconnects on a selective laser sintered (SLS) polyamide board as a customised substrate, while piezoresistive electrodes were manually screen-printed on the top of the interconnects as the sensing layer. The sensor was electromechanically tested, and its response was registered upon the application of given signals, in terms of sensitivity, hysteresis, reproducibility, and time drift. When applying a ramping pressure, the sensor showed two different sensitive regions: (i) a highly sensitive region in the range of 0 to 0.12 MPa with an average sensitivity of 106 Ω/MPa and a low sensitive zone within 0.12 to 1.25 MPa with an average sensitivity of 7.6 Ω/MPa with some indeterminate overlapping regions. Hysteresis was negligible and an electrical resistance deviation of about 14% was observed in time drift experiments. Such performances will satisfy the demands of our application in the biomedical field as a smart prosthetics guide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Verma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, 2860 Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
| | - Ruben Goos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, 2860 Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
| | - Jurre De Weerdt
- EmSys Research Group, Thomas More Mechelen—Antwerpen, 2860 Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pelgrims
- EmSys Research Group, Thomas More Mechelen—Antwerpen, 2860 Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
| | - Eleonora Ferraris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, 2860 Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
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37
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Li H, Lim S. Screen Printing of Surface-Modified Barium Titanate/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposites for High-Performance Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerators. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:2910. [PMID: 36079948 PMCID: PMC9457562 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric energy harvesters are appealing for the improvement of wearable electronics, owing to their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Herein, screen-printed piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are developed from triethoxy(octyl)silane-coated barium titanate/polyvinylidene fluoride (TOS-BTO/PVDF) nanocomposites with excellent performance based on the important link between material, structure, and performance. In order to minimize the effect of nanofiller agglomeration, TOS-coated BTO nanoparticles are anchored onto PVDF. Thus, composites with well-distributed TOS-BTO nanoparticles exhibit fewer defects, resulting in reduced charge annihilation during charge transfer from inorganic nanoparticles to the polymer. Consequently, the screen-printed TOS-BTO/PVDF PENG exhibits a significantly enhanced output voltage of 20 V, even after 7500 cycles, and a higher power density of 15.6 μW cm-2, which is 200 and 150% higher than those of pristine BTO/PVDF PENGs, respectively. The increased performance of TOS-BTO/PVDF PENGs is due to the enhanced compatibility between nanofillers and polymers and the resulting improvement in dielectric response. Furthermore, as-printed devices could actively adapt to human movements and displayed excellent detection capability. The screen-printed process offers excellent potential for developing flexible and high-performance piezoelectric devices in a cost-effective and sustainable way.
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Silvestre R, Llinares Llopis R, Contat Rodrigo L, Serrano Martínez V, Ferri J, Garcia-Breijo E. Low-Temperature Soldering of Surface Mount Devices on Screen-Printed Silver Tracks on Fabrics for Flexible Textile Hybrid Electronics. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:5766. [PMID: 35957322 PMCID: PMC9370845 DOI: 10.3390/s22155766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The combination of flexible-printed substrates and conventional electronics leads to flexible hybrid electronics. When fabrics are used as flexible substrates, two kinds of problems arise. The first type is related to the printing of the tracks of the corresponding circuit. The second one concerns the incorporation of conventional electronic devices, such as integrated circuits, on the textile substrate. Regarding the printing of tracks, this work studies the optimal design parameters of screen-printed silver tracks on textiles focused on printing an electronic circuit on a textile substrate. Several patterns of different widths and gaps between tracks were tested in order to find the best design parameters for some footprint configurations. With respect to the incorporation of devices on textile substrates, the paper analyzes the soldering of surface mount devices on fabric substrates. Due to the substrate's nature, low soldering temperatures must be used to avoid deformations or damage to the substrate caused by the higher temperatures used in conventional soldering. Several solder pastes used for low-temperature soldering are analyzed in terms of joint resistance and shear force application. The results obtained are satisfactory, demonstrating the viability of using flexible hybrid electronics with fabrics. As a practical result, a simple single-layer circuit was implemented to check the results of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Silvestre
- Textile Research Institute (AITEX), 03801 Alicante, Spain; (R.S.); (V.S.M.); (J.F.)
| | - Raúl Llinares Llopis
- Departamento de Comunicaciones, Universitat Politècnica de València, 03801 Alcoy, Spain;
| | - Laura Contat Rodrigo
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Josué Ferri
- Textile Research Institute (AITEX), 03801 Alicante, Spain; (R.S.); (V.S.M.); (J.F.)
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Breijo
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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Tsai SY, Lin CC, Yu CT, Chen YS, Wu WL, Chang YC, Chen CC, Ko FH. Screen-Printable Silver Paste Material for Semitransparent and Flexible Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetectors with Liquid-Phase Procedure. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:2428. [PMID: 35889654 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Photodetectors are widely applied in modern industrial fields because they convert light energy into electrical signals. We propose a printable silver (Ag) paste electrode for a highly flexible metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) broadband visible light photodetector as a wearable and portable device. Single-crystal and surface-textured silicon substrates with thicknesses of 37.21 μm were fabricated using a wet etching process. Surface texturization on flexible Si substrates enhances the light-trapping effect and minimizes reflectance from the incident light, and the average reflectance is reduced by 16.3% with pyramid-like structures. In this study, semitransparent, conductive Ag paste electrodes were manufactured using a screen-printing with liquid-phase process to form a flexible MSM broadband visible light photodetector. The transmittance of the homemade Ag paste solution fell between 34.83% and 36.98% in the wavelength range of visible light, from 400 nm to 800 nm. The highest visible light photosensitivity was 1.75 × 104 at 19.5 W/m2. The photocurrents of the flexible MSM broadband visible light photodetector were slightly changed under concave and convex conditions, displaying stable and durable bending properties.
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40
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Hu J, Ren P, Zhu G, Yang J, Li Y, Zong Z, Sun Z. Serpentine-inspired Strain Sensor with Predictable Cracks for Remote Bio-Mechanical Signal Monitoring. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200372. [PMID: 35759398 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The flexible strain sensors have attracted intense interests due to their application as intelligent wearable electronic devices. However, it is still a huge challenge to achieve the flexible sensor with simultaneous high sensitivity, excellent durability and wide sensing region. In this work, a crack-based strain sensor with paired-serpentine conductive network is fabricated onto flexible film by screen printing. The innovative conductive network exhibits a controlled crack morphology during stretching, which endows the prepared sensor with outstanding sensing characteristics, including the high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 2391.5), wide detection (rang up to 132%), low strain detection limit, fast response time (about 40 ms), as well as excellent durability (more than 2000 stretching/releasing cycles). Benefiting from these excellent performances, full-range human body motions including subtle physiological signals and large motions are accurately detected by the prepared sensor. Besides, wearable electronic equipment integrated with wireless transmitter and the prepared strain sensor shows great potential for remote motion monitoring and intelligent mobile diagnosis for humans. This work provides an effective strategy for the fabrication of the novel strain sensors with highly comprehensive performance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Penggang Ren
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China.,College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Yang
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhao Li
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Zong
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Sun
- The Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China
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41
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Sanivada UK, Esteves D, Arruda LM, Silva CA, Moreira IP, Fangueiro R. Joule-Heating Effect of Thin Films with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15124323. [PMID: 35744383 PMCID: PMC9230175 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Smart textiles have become a promising area of research for heating applications. Coatings with nanomaterials allow the introduction of different functionalities, enabling doped textiles to be used in sensing and heating applications. These coatings were made on a piece of woven cotton fabric through screen printing, with a different number of layers. To prepare the paste, nanomaterials such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to a polyurethane-based polymeric resin, in various concentrations. The electrical conductivity of the obtained samples was measured and the heat-dissipating capabilities assessed. The results showed that coatings have induced electrical conductivity and heating capabilities. The highest electrical conductivity of (9.39 ± 1.28 × 10−1 S/m) and (9.02 ± 6.62 × 10−2 S/m) was observed for 12% (w/v) GNPs and 5% (w/v) (CNTs + GNPs), respectively. The sample with 5% (w/v) (CNTs + GNPs) and 12% (w/v) GNPs exhibited a Joule effect when a voltage of 12 V was applied for 5 min, and a maximum temperature of 42.7 °C and 40.4 °C were achieved, respectively. It can be concluded that higher concentrations of GNPs can be replaced by adding CNTs, still achieving nearly the same performance. These coated textiles can potentially find applications in the area of heating, sensing, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Kiran Sanivada
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Mechanical Engineering and Resources Sustainability Centre (MEtRICS), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: (U.K.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Dina Esteves
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luisa M. Arruda
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carla A. Silva
- Simoldes Plastics, Research & Innovation, Rua Comendador António da Silva Rodrigues 165, 3720-502 Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal;
| | - Inês P. Moreira
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: (U.K.S.); (R.F.)
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Schmidt GC, Werner JM, Weissbach T, Strutwolf J, Eland R, Drossel WG, Hübler AC. Printed Multilayer Piezoelectric Transducers on Paper for Haptic Feedback and Dual Touch-Sound Sensation. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:3796. [PMID: 35632205 PMCID: PMC9147910 DOI: 10.3390/s22103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With a growing number of electronic devices surrounding our daily life, it becomes increasingly important to create solutions for clear and simple communication and interaction at the human machine interface (HMI). Haptic feedback solutions play an important role as they give a clear direct link and response to the user. This work demonstrates multifunctional haptic feedback devices based on fully printed piezoelectric transducers realized with functional polymers on thin paper substrate. The devices are flexible; lightweight and show very high out-of-plane deflection of 213 µm at a moderate driving voltage of 50 Vrms (root mean square) achieved by an innovative multilayer design with up to five individually controllable active layers. The device creates a very clear haptic sensation to the human skin with a blocking force of 0.6 N at the resonance frequency of 320 Hz, which is located in the most sensitive range of the human fingertip. Additionally the transducer generates audible information above two kilohertz with a remarkable high sound pressure level. Thus the paper-based approach can be used for interactive displays in combination with touch sensation; sound and color prints. The work gives insights into the manufacturing process; the electrical characteristics; and an in-depth analysis of the 3D deflection of the device under variable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg C. Schmidt
- Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (T.W.); (J.S.); (R.E.); (A.C.H.)
| | - Jonas M. Werner
- Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (J.M.W.); (W.-G.D.)
| | - Thomas Weissbach
- Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (T.W.); (J.S.); (R.E.); (A.C.H.)
| | - Jörg Strutwolf
- Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (T.W.); (J.S.); (R.E.); (A.C.H.)
| | - Robert Eland
- Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (T.W.); (J.S.); (R.E.); (A.C.H.)
| | - Welf-Guntram Drossel
- Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (J.M.W.); (W.-G.D.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Arved C. Hübler
- Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (T.W.); (J.S.); (R.E.); (A.C.H.)
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43
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Sliz R, Valikangas J, Silva Santos H, Vilmi P, Rieppo L, Hu T, Lassi U, Fabritius T. Suitable Cathode NMP Replacement for Efficient Sustainable Printed Li-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2022; 5:4047-4058. [PMID: 35497684 PMCID: PMC9045678 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is the most common solvent for manufacturing cathode electrodes in the battery industry; however, it is becoming restricted in several countries due to its negative environmental impact. Taking into account that ∼99% of the solvent used during electrode fabrication is recovered, dimethylformamide (DMF) is a considerable candidate to replace NMP. The lower boiling point and higher ignition temperature of DMF lead to a significant reduction in the energy consumption needed for drying the electrodes and improve the safety of the production process. Additionally, the lower surface tension and viscosity of DMF enable improved current collector wetting and higher concentrations of the solid material in the cathode slurry. To verify the suitability of DMF as a replacement for NMP, we utilized screen printing, a fabrication method that provides roll-to-roll compatibility while allowing controlled deposition and creation of sophisticated patterns. The battery systems utilized NMC (LiNi x Mn y Co z O2) chemistry in two configurations: NMC523 and NMC88. The first, well-established NCM523, was used as a reference, while NMC88 was used to demonstrate the potential of the proposed method with high-capacity materials. The cathodes were used to create coin and pouch cell batteries that were cycled 1000 times. The achieved results indicate that DMF can successfully replace NMP in the NMC cathode fabrication process without compromising battery performance. Specifically, both the NMP blade-coated and DMF screen-printed batteries retained 87 and 90% of their capacity after 1000 (1C/1C) cycles for NMC523 and NMC88, respectively. The modeling results of the drying process indicate that utilizing a low-boiling-point solvent (DMF) instead of NMP can reduce the drying energy consumption fourfold, resulting in a more environmentally friendly battery production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Sliz
- Optoelectronics
and Measurement Techniques Unit, University
of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juho Valikangas
- Research
Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University
of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Hellen Silva Santos
- Fibre
and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Pauliina Vilmi
- Optoelectronics
and Measurement Techniques Unit, University
of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Lassi Rieppo
- Research
Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tao Hu
- Research
Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University
of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulla Lassi
- Research
Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University
of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapio Fabritius
- Optoelectronics
and Measurement Techniques Unit, University
of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
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44
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Kuscer D, Kmet B, Drnovšek S, Bustillo J, Levassort F. Lead-Free Sodium Potassium Niobate-Based Multilayer Structures for Ultrasound Transducer Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22093223. [PMID: 35590911 PMCID: PMC9103309 DOI: 10.3390/s22093223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Thick films with nominal composition (K0.5Na0.5)0.99Sr0.005NbO3 (KNNSr) on porous ceramics with identical nominal composition were investigated as potential candidates for environmentally benign ultrasonic transducers composed entirely of inorganic materials. In this paper, the processing of the multilayer structure, namely, the thick film by screen printing and the porous ceramic by sacrificial template method, is related to their phase composition, microstructure, electromechanical, and acoustic properties to understand the performance of the devices. The ceramic with a homogeneous distribution of 8 μm pores had a sufficiently high attenuation coefficient of 0.5 dB/mm/MHz and served as an effective backing. The KNNSr thick films sintered at 1100 °C exhibited a homogeneous microstructure and a relative density of 97%, contributing to a large dielectric permittivity and elastic constant and yielding a thickness coupling factor kt of ~30%. The electroacoustic response of the multilayer structure in water provides a centre frequency of 15 MHz and a very large fractional bandwidth (BW) of 127% at -6 dB. The multilayer structure is a candidate for imaging applications operating above 15 MHz, especially by realising focused-beam structure through lenses to further increase the sensitivity in the focal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjela Kuscer
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.K.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1477-3489
| | - Brigita Kmet
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Silvo Drnovšek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Julien Bustillo
- GREMAN UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, INSA CVL, 16 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, CEDEX 2, 37071 Tours, France; (J.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Franck Levassort
- GREMAN UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, INSA CVL, 16 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, CEDEX 2, 37071 Tours, France; (J.B.); (F.L.)
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45
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Immonen K, Lyytikäinen J, Keränen J, Eiroma K, Suhonen M, Vikman M, Leminen V, Välimäki M, Hakola L. Potential of Commercial Wood-Based Materials as PCB Substrate. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:2679. [PMID: 35408011 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In our research on sustainable solutions for printed electronics, we are moving towards renewable materials in applications, which can be very challenging from the performance perspective, such as printed circuit boards (PCB). In this article, we examine the potential suitability of wood-based materials, such as cardboard and veneer, as substrate materials for biodegradable solutions instead of the commonly used glass-fiber reinforced epoxy. Our substrate materials were coated with fire retardant materials for improved fire resistance and screen printed with conductive silver ink. The print quality, electrical conductivity, fire performance and biodegradation were evaluated. It was concluded that if the PCB application allows manufacturing using screen printing instead of an etching process, there is the potential for these materials to act as substrates in, e.g., environmental analytics applications.
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46
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Wu H, Xie Y, Ma Y, Zhang B, Xia B, Zhang P, Qian W, He D, Zhang X, Li BW, Nan CW. Aqueous MXene/Xanthan Gum Hybrid Inks for Screen-Printing Electromagnetic Shielding, Joule Heater, and Piezoresistive Sensor. Small 2022; 18:e2107087. [PMID: 35274448 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MXenes have exhibited potential for application in flexible devices owing to their remarkable electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. Printing strategies have emerged as a facile route for additive manufacturing of MXene-based devices, which relies on the rational design of functional inks with appropriate rheological properties. Herein, aqueous MXene/xanthan gum hybrid inks with tunable viscosity, excellent printability, and long-term stability are designed. Screen-printed flexible MXene films using such hybrid inks exhibit a high conductivity up to 4.8 × 104 S m-1 , which is suitable to construct multifunctional devices mainly including electromagnetic shielding, Joule heaters, and piezoresistive sensors. The average electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding value can reach to 40.1 dB. In the Joule heater, the heating rate of printed MXene film can reach 20 °C s-1 under a driving voltage of 4 V, with a highest steady-state temperature of 130.8 °C. An MXene-based piezoresistive sensor prepared by the printing interdigital electrode also presents good sensing performance with a short response time of 130 ms and wide pressure region up to 30 kPa. As a result, screen-printed MXene film exhibits reinforced multifunctional performance, which is promising for application in the next-generation of intelligent and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yimei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xia
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Pengxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qian
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Daping He
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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47
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Jiang L, Hong H, Hu J, Yan X. Fabrication and Seamless Integration of Insensitive-Bending Fully Printed All-in-One Fabric-Based Supercapacitors Based on Cost-Effective MWCNT Electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:12214-12222. [PMID: 35234438 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
All-in-one supercapacitors are considered to be promising due to their advantages of flexibility and structure stability. However, the sophisticated and precise manufacturing processes and difficulty of series/parallel integration hinder their application and development. Herein, cost-effective all-in-one fabric-based supercapacitors (all-in-one FSCs) are fabricated by utilizing the facile screen-printing technique and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) electrodes. The MWCNT electrodes are constructed on the gel-electrolyte-soaked fabric that simultaneously serves as separator and electrode substrates. The as-prepared all-in-one FSC exhibits better capacitive behavior and rate capability and lower internal resistance than traditional sandwiched fabric-based supercapacitors (sandwiched FSCs). Moreover, due to the simplified structure and interface interaction, the all-in-one FSC shows excellent flexibility and stability even under dynamic bending cycles with a relatively high strain rate of 20% s-1. This work also demonstrates the seamless series/parallel integration scheme of all-in-one supercapacitors by designing the screen-printing patterns instead of using metal wires. The proposed fabrication process and series/parallel integration scheme definitely improve the portability of integrated supercapacitors and potentially contribute to the large-scale production and application on wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology (Donghua University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology (Donghua University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiyong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology (Donghua University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of High Performance Fibers and Composites, College of Textiles, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology (Donghua University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, China
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48
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Ma H, Li J, Zhou J, Luo Q, Wu W, Mao Z, Ma W. Screen-Printed Carbon Black/Recycled Sericin@Fabrics for Wearable Sensors to Monitor Sweat Loss. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:11813-11819. [PMID: 35226452 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors to monitor human sweat loss are important for real-time health monitoring, requiring electrically conductive, mechanically flexible fabrics as working electrodes. Here, a textile-based sweat monitor was fabricated by screen printing of carbon black and recycled sericin on cotton fabrics. The obtained fabric with excellent flexibility, good hydrophilicity (86°), and proper resistivity (61.7 Ω/cm2) can be used as a working electrode for a wearable sweat monitor. A wearable sweat monitor is highly sensitive (42.7% in acidic sweat), flexible, and can be washed (99.1% retention after 30 washes). This work offers a promising approach for the fabrication of wearable sensors and promotes the widespread applications of personalized health-monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Short-Flow Printing and Dyeing New Technology of Shandong Province, Binzhou 256617, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Jiangsu Textiles Quality Services Inspection Testing Institute, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiulan Luo
- College of Fashion & Design, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- National Manufacturing Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- College of Textile and Garment, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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49
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García-García A, Toral V, Quílez Del Moral JF, Galisteo Pretel A, Morales DP, Salinas-Castillo A, Cepeda J, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, Bobinger M, Salmerón JF, Rivadeneyra A, Rodríguez-Diéguez A. Selectivity of Relative Humidity Using a CP Based on S-Block Metal Ions. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:1664. [PMID: 35214565 DOI: 10.3390/s22041664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the syntheses of a novel coordination polymer (CP) based on the perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylate (pery) linkers and sodium metal ions. We have chosen sodium metal center with the aim of surmising the effect that the modification of the metal ion may have on the relative humidity (RH) experimental measurements of the material. We confirm the role of the ions in the functionalization of the deposited layer by modifying their selectivity towards moisture content, paving the way to the generation of sensitive and selective chemical sensors.
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50
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Vasileva F, Popov V, Antonova I, Smagulova S. Screen-Printed Structures from a Highly Conductive Mildly Oxidized Graphene Suspension for Flexible Electronics. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15031256. [PMID: 35161199 PMCID: PMC8840518 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the screen-printed flexible humidity sensor and supercapacitor structures from a suspension of mildly oxidized graphene (MOG) was obtained. MOG suspension with a low atomic oxygen content (~20%) was synthesized by electrochemical exfoliation of natural graphite in an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate. MOG films (average thickness 5 μm) with a surface resistance of 102–103 kΩ/sq were obtained by screen printing on a flexible substrate. The thermal reduction of MOG films at 200 °C reduced the surface resistance to 1.5 kΩ/sq. The laser reduction with a 474 nm and 200 mW solid-state laser reduced the surface resistance to ~0.065 kΩ/sq. Various structures were screen-printed on a flexible substrate for a variety of flexible electronics applications. The structures representing a flat supercapacitor had an average specific capacitance of ~6 μF/cm2. The tensile deformations occurring during bending reduced the capacitance by 40% at a bending radius of 2 mm. Humidity sensing structures with sensitivity of 9% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedora Vasileva
- “Graphene Nanotechnology” Laboratory, Physical-Technical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (F.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliy Popov
- “Graphene Nanotechnology” Laboratory, Physical-Technical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (F.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Irina Antonova
- Laboratory of Physics and Technology of Three-Dimensional Nanostructures, Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Svetlana Smagulova
- “Graphene Nanotechnology” Laboratory, Physical-Technical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (F.V.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence:
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