1
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Flodin J, Reitzner SM, Emanuelsson EB, Sundberg CJ, Ackermann P. The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the human skeletal muscle transcriptome. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14129. [PMID: 38459757 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM The influence on acute skeletal muscle transcriptomics of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), as compared to established exercises, is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the effects on global mRNA-expression in the quadriceps muscle early after a single NMES-session, compared to the effects of voluntary knee extension exercise (EX), and to explore the discomfort level. METHODS Global vastus lateralis muscle gene expression was assessed (RNA-sequencing) in 30 healthy participants, before and 3 h after a 30-min session of NMES and/or EX. The NMES-treatment was applied using textile electrodes integrated in pants and set to 20% of each participant's pre-tested MVC mean (±SD) 200 (±80) Nm. Discomfort was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0-10). The EX-protocol was performed at 80% of 1-repetition-maximum. RESULTS NMES at 20% of MVC resulted in VAS below 4 and induced 4448 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 80%-overlap of the 2571 DEGs of EX. Genes well-known to be up-regulated following exercise, for example, PPARGC1A, ABRA, VEGFA, and GDNF, were also up-regulated by NMES. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated many common pathways after EX and NMES. Also, some pathways were exclusive to either EX, for example, muscle tissue proliferation, or to NMES, for example, neurite outgrowth and connective tissue proliferation. CONCLUSION A 30-min NMES-session at 20% of MVC with NMES-pants, which can be applied with an acceptable level of discomfort, induces over 4000 DEGs, of which 80%-overlap with DEGs of EX. NMES can induce exercise-like molecular effects, that potentially can lead to health and performance benefits in individuals who are unable to perform resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Flodin
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Trauma, Acute Surgery and Orthopedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan M Reitzner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric B Emanuelsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Paul Ackermann
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Trauma, Acute Surgery and Orthopedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Herry G, Fustec JC, Le Bihan F, Harnois M. Substrate-Free Transfer of Silicon- and Metallic-Based Strain Sensors on Textile and in Composite Material for Structural Health Monitoring. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38636102 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
New technologies to integrate electronics and sensors on or into objects can support the growth of embedded electronics. The method proposed in this paper has the huge advantage of being substrate-free and applicable to a wide range of target materials such as fiber-based composites, widely used in manufacturing, and for which monitoring applications such as fatigue, cracks, and deformation detection are crucial. Here, sensors are first fabricated on a donor substrate using standard microelectronic processes and then transferred to the host material by direct transfer printing. Results show the viability of composites instrumented by strain gauges. Indeed, dynamic and static measurements highlight that the deformations can be detected with high sensitivity both on the surface and at various points in the depth of the composite material. Thanks to this technology, for the first time, a substrate-free piezoresistive n-doped silicon strain sensor is transferred into a composite material and characterized as a function of strain applied on it. It is shown that the transfer process does not alter the electrical behavior of the sensors that are five times more sensitive than extensively used metallic ones. An application designed for monitoring the deformation of a rudder foil with a classic NACA profile in real time is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Herry
- Institut d'Electronique et des Technologies du Numérique UMR CNRS 6164, Université de Rennes, Campus Beaulieu Rennes, Rennes 35042 CEDEX France
| | - Jean-Charles Fustec
- Institut d'Electronique et des Technologies du Numérique UMR CNRS 6164, Université de Rennes, Campus Beaulieu Rennes, Rennes 35042 CEDEX France
| | - France Le Bihan
- Institut d'Electronique et des Technologies du Numérique UMR CNRS 6164, Université de Rennes, Campus Beaulieu Rennes, Rennes 35042 CEDEX France
| | - Maxime Harnois
- Institut d'Electronique et des Technologies du Numérique UMR CNRS 6164, Université de Rennes, Campus Beaulieu Rennes, Rennes 35042 CEDEX France
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3
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Fatkullin M, Menzelintsev V, Lipovka A, Dogadina E, Plotnikov E, Brazovskiy K, Li S, Ma L, Cheng C, Porokhova E, Khlusov I, Qiu L, Rodriguez RD, Sheremet E. Smart Graphene Textiles for Biopotential Monitoring: Laser-Tailored Electrochemical Property Enhancement. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 38587867 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
While most of the research in graphene-based materials seeks high electroactive surface area and ion intercalation, here, we show an alternative electrochemical behavior that leverages graphene's potential in biosensing. We report a novel approach to fabricate graphene/polymer nanocomposites with near-record conductivity levels of 45 Ω sq-1 and enhanced biocompatibility. This is realized by laser processing of graphene oxide in a sandwich structure with a thin (100 μm) polyethylene terephthalate film on a textile substrate. Such hybrid materials exhibit high conductivity, low polarization, and stability. In addition, the nanocomposites are highly biocompatible, as evidenced by their low cytotoxicity and good skin adhesion. These results demonstrate the potential of graphene/polymer nanocomposites for smart clothing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Fatkullin
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave. 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | | | - Anna Lipovka
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave. 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Shuang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lang Ma
- Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ekaterina Porokhova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskii Trakt 2, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Igor Khlusov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave. 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskii Trakt 2, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Li Qiu
- Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Raul D Rodriguez
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave. 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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4
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Baraya M, El-Asfoury MS, Fadel OO, Abass A. Experimental Analyses and Predictive Modelling of Ultrasonic Welding Parameters for Enhancing Smart Textile Fabrication. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1488. [PMID: 38475024 DOI: 10.3390/s24051488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to illustrate the design, fabrication, and optimisation of an ultrasonic welding (UW) machine to join copper wires with non-woven PVC textiles as smart textiles. The study explicitly evaluates UW parameters' impact on heat generation, joint strength, and electrical properties, with a comprehensive understanding of the process dynamics and developing a predictive model applicable to smart textiles. The methodological approach involved designing and manufacturing an ultrasonic piezoelectric transducer using ABAQUS finite element analyses (FEA) software and constructing a UW machine for the current purpose. The full factorial design (FFD) approach was employed in experiments to systematically assess the influence of welding time, welding pressure, and copper wire diameter on the produced joints. Experimental data were meticulously collected, and a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model was constructed based on the analysis of these results. The results of the experimental investigation provided valuable insights into the UW process, elucidating the intricate relationship between welding parameters and heat generation, joint strength, and post-welding electrical properties of the copper wires. This dataset served as the basis for developing a neural network model, showcasing a high level of accuracy in predicting welding outcomes compared to the FFD model. The neural network model provides a valuable tool for controlling and optimising the UW process in the realm of smart textile production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Baraya
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Fuad 42526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S El-Asfoury
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Fuad 42526, Egypt
| | - Omnia O Fadel
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Fuad 42526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abass
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Fuad 42526, Egypt
- Department of Materials, Design and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK
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5
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Yang H, Wu D, Zheng S, Yu Y, Ren L, Li J, Ke H, Lv P, Wei Q. Fabrication and Photothermal Actuation Performances of Electrospun Carbon Nanotube/Liquid Crystal Elastomer Blend Yarn Actuators. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:9313-9322. [PMID: 38323399 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a kind of polymer network that combines the entropic elasticity of polymer networks and the mesogenic unit by means of mild cross-linking. LCEs have been extensively investigated in various fields, including artificial muscles, actuators, and microrobots. However, LCEs are characterized by the poor mechanical properties of the light polymers themselves. In this study, we propose to prepare a carbon nanotube/liquid crystal elastomer (CNT/LCE) composite yarn by electrospinning technology and a two-step cross-linking strategy. The CNT/LCE composite yarn exhibits a reversible shrinkage ratio of nearly 70%, a tensile strength of 16.45 MPa, and a relatively sensitive response speed of ∼3 s, enabling a fast response by photothermal actuation. The research disclosed in this article may provide new insights for the development of artificial muscles and next-generation smart robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fabrics, College of Textiles and Clothing, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Siming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yajing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Jiangsu Textiles Quality Services Inspection Testing Institute, Nanjing 210007, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Ke
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Textile Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Textile Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
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6
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Ali I, Islam MR, Yin J, Eichhorn SJ, Chen J, Karim N, Afroj S. Advances in Smart Photovoltaic Textiles. ACS Nano 2024; 18:3871-3915. [PMID: 38261716 PMCID: PMC10851667 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Energy harvesting textiles have emerged as a promising solution to sustainably power wearable electronics. Textile-based solar cells (SCs) interconnected with on-body electronics have emerged to meet such needs. These technologies are lightweight, flexible, and easy to transport while leveraging the abundant natural sunlight in an eco-friendly way. In this Review, we comprehensively explore the working mechanisms, diverse types, and advanced fabrication strategies of photovoltaic textiles. Furthermore, we provide a detailed analysis of the recent progress made in various types of photovoltaic textiles, emphasizing their electrochemical performance. The focal point of this review centers on smart photovoltaic textiles for wearable electronic applications. Finally, we offer insights and perspectives on potential solutions to overcome the existing limitations of textile-based photovoltaics to promote their industrial commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ali
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), The University
of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
| | - Md Rashedul Islam
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), The University
of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
| | - Junyi Yin
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Stephen J. Eichhorn
- Bristol
Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Design Engineering, The University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nazmul Karim
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), The University
of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
- Nottingham
School of Art and Design, Nottingham Trent
University, Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, U.K.
| | - Shaila Afroj
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), The University
of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
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7
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Ziobro A, Jankowski-Mihułowicz P, Węglarski M, Pyt P. Investigation of Factors Affecting the Performance of Textronic UHF RFID Transponders. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:9703. [PMID: 38139549 PMCID: PMC10747349 DOI: 10.3390/s23249703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to demonstrate progress in textronic UHF RFID transponder (RFIDtex tag) technology. The fundamental idea behind the RFIDtex tag design involves galvanic separation between circuits of the sewn antenna and the chip, which are electromagnetically coupled through a system of inductive loops. To advance the development of this concept, it is crucial to detect factors affecting the performance of the transponders. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model of the textronic UHF RFID transponder was developed. It involves relationships that describe the impedance of each element, the mutual inductance of the loops, and the chip voltage, and it enables the exploration of the influence of these variables on general parameters such as impedance matching and read range. Various analytical and numerical approaches were considered to obtain the value of the mutual inductance of the loops. The dimensions and geometry of the antenna, as well as the matching circuit in the microelectronic module, were taken into account. Based on the mathematical model, it was determined that mutual inductance strongly affects the chip voltage for frequencies higher than 800 MHz. The calculations from the mathematical model were compared with numerical simulations. Experimental studies were also conducted to investigate how the transponder performance is affected by either the distance between the centers of the loops or the conductivity of the threads used to embroider the antenna. The measurement results allowed us to conclude that even small imperfections in the manufacturing of the transponder, which slightly increase the vertical or horizontal distance between the centers of the loops, cause a dramatic decrease in the mutual inductance and coupling coefficient, significantly impacting the transponder's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ziobro
- Doctoral School of the Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Piotr Jankowski-Mihułowicz
- Department of Electronic and Telecommunications Systems, Rzeszów University of Technology, Wincentego Pola 2, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Węglarski
- Department of Electronic and Telecommunications Systems, Rzeszów University of Technology, Wincentego Pola 2, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Patryk Pyt
- Department of Electronic and Telecommunications Systems, Rzeszów University of Technology, Wincentego Pola 2, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
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8
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Szewczyk PK, Busolo T, Kar-Narayan S, Stachewicz U. Wear-Resistant Smart Textiles Using Nylon-11 Triboelectric Yarns. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:56575-56586. [PMID: 37985370 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for self-powered systems such as glucose biosensors and mixed reality devices has sparked significant interest in triboelectric generators, which hold large potential as renewable energy solutions. Our study explores new methods for integrating energy-harvesting capabilities into smart textiles by developing strong and efficient yarns that can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through a triboelectric effect. Specifically, we focused on Nylon-11 (PA11), a material known for its crystalline structure well-suited for generating a powerful triboelectric response. To achieve this, we created triboelectric yarns by electrospinning PA11 fibers onto conductive carbon yarns, enabling energy-harvesting applications. Extensive testing demonstrated that these yarns possess exceptional durability, surpassing real-life usage requirements while experiencing minimal degradation. Additionally, we developed a prototype haptic device by interweaving tribopositive PA11 and tribonegative poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) triboelectric yarns. Our research has successfully yielded durable and efficient yarns with strong energy-harvesting capabilities, opening up possibilities for integrating smart textiles into practical scenarios. These technologies are promising steps to achieve greener and more reliable self-powered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr K Szewczyk
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Tommaso Busolo
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Sohini Kar-Narayan
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow 30-059, Poland
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9
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Zhou X, Wang Z, Xiong T, He B, Wang Z, Zhang H, Hu D, Liu Y, Yang C, Li Q, Chen M, Zhang Q, Wei L. Fiber Crossbars: An Emerging Architecture of Smart Electronic Textiles. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2300576. [PMID: 37042804 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Smart wearables have a significant impact on people's daily lives, enabling personalized motion monitoring, realizing the Internet of Things, and even reshaping the next generation of telemedicine systems. Fiber crossbars (FCs), constructed by crossing two fibers, have become an emerging architecture among the accessible structures of state-of-the-art smart electronic textiles. The mechanical, chemical, and electrical interactions between crossing fibers result in extensive functionalities, leading to the significant development of innovative electronic textiles employing FCs as their basic units. This review provides a timely and comprehensive overview of the structure designs, material selections, and assembly techniques of FC-based devices. The recent advances in FC-based devices are summarized, including multipurpose sensing, multiple-mode computing, high-resolution display, high-efficient power supply, and large-scale textile systems. Finally, current challenges, potential solutions, and future perspectives for FC-based systems are discussed for their further development in scale-up production and commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Zhou
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ting Xiong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bing He
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Haozhe Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qichong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- The Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
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10
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Li J, Xia B, Xiao X, Huang Z, Yin J, Jiang Y, Wang S, Gao H, Shi Q, Xie Y, Chen J. Stretchable Thermoelectric Fibers with Three-Dimensional Interconnected Porous Network for Low-Grade Body Heat Energy Harvesting. ACS Nano 2023; 17:19232-19241. [PMID: 37751200 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Electricity generation from body heat has garnered significant interest as a sustainable power source for wearable bioelectronics. In this work, we report stretchable n-type thermoelectric fibers based on the hybrid of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanoflakes and polyurethane (MP) through a wet-spinning process. The proposed fibers are designed with a 3D interconnected porous network to achieve satisfactory electrical conductivity (σ), thermal conductivity (κ), and stretchability simultaneously. We systematically optimize the thermoelectric and mechanical traits of the MP fibers and the MP-60 (with 60 wt % MXene content) exhibits a high σ of 1.25 × 103 S m-1, an n-type Seebeck coefficient of -8.3 μV K-1, and a notably low κ of 0.19 W m-1 K-1. Additionally, the MP-60 fibers possess great stretchability and mechanical strength with a tensile strain of 434% and a breaking stress of 11.8 MPa. Toward practical application, a textile thermoelectric generator is constructed based on the MP-60 fibers and achieves a voltage of 3.6 mV with a temperature gradient between the body skin and ambient environment, highlighting the enormous potential of low-grade body heat energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Bailu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhangfan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Yin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yawei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Haiqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuwei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Roy N, Khattak N, Phan KK, Hossain MS, Thomas S, Ram M, Sheridan M, Lorentz B, Takshi A. Sequential Laser-Burned Lignin and Hydrogen Evolution-Assisted Copper Electrodeposition to Manufacture Wearable Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:46571-46578. [PMID: 37733934 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In the contemporary world, wearable electronics and smart textiles/fabrics are galvanizing a transformation of the health care, aerospace, military, and commercial industries. However, a major challenge that exists is the manufacture of electronic circuits directly on fabrics. In this work, we addressed the issue by developing a sequential manufacturing process. First, the target fabric was coated with a customized ink containing lignin. Next, a desired circuit layout was patterned by laser burning lignin, converting it to carbon and establishing a conductive template on the fabric. At last, using an in-house-designed printer, a devised localized hydrogen evolution-assisted (HEA) copper electroplating method was applied to metalize the surface of the laser-burned lignin pattern to achieve a very low resistive circuit layout (0.103 Ω for a 1 cm long interconnect). The nanostructure and material composition of the different layers were investigated via scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Monitoring the conductivity change before and after bending, rolling, stretching, washing, and adhesion tests presented remarkable mechanical stability due to the entanglement of the copper nanostructure to the fibers of the fabric. Furthermore, the HEA method was used to solder a light-emitting diode to a patterned circuit on the fabric by growing copper at the terminals, creating interconnects. The presented sequential printing method has the potential for fabricating reliable wearable electronics for various applications, particularly in medical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmita Roy
- University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Nida Khattak
- University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Kat-Kim Phan
- University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | | | - Sylvia Thomas
- University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Manoj Ram
- PolyMaterialsApp, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | | | | | - Arash Takshi
- University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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12
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Qi X, Liu Y, Yu L, Yu Z, Chen L, Li X, Xia Y. Versatile Liquid Metal/Alginate Composite Fibers with Enhanced Flame Retardancy and Triboelectric Performance for Smart Wearable Textiles. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2303406. [PMID: 37551040 PMCID: PMC10582420 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metal (LM) shows the superiority in smart wearable devices due to its biocompatibility and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. However, LM based fibers that can achieve multifunctional integrated applications with biodegradability remain a daunting challenge. Herein, versatile LM based fibers are fabricated first by sonication in alginate solution to obtain LM micro/nano droplets and then wet-spinning into LM/alginate composite fibers. By mixing with high-concentration alginate solution (4-6 wt.%), the LM micro/nano droplets stability (colloidal stability for > 30 d and chemical stability for > 45 d) are not only improved, but also facilitate its spinning into fibers through bimetallic ions (e.g., Ga3+ and Ca2+ ) chelation strategy. These resultant fibers can be woven into smart textiles with excellent flexibility, air permeability, water/salt resistance, and high temperature tolerance (-196-150 °C). In addition, inhibition of smoldering result from the LM droplets and bimetallic ions is achieved to enhance flame retardancy. Furthermore, these fibers combine the exceptional properties of LM droplets (e.g., photo-thermal effect and EMI shielding) and alginate fibers (e.g., biocompatibility and biodegradability), applicable in wearable heating devices, wireless communication, and triboelectric nanogenerator, making it a promising candidate for flexible smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐TextilesCollaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass FibersMaterials and Textiles of Shandong ProvinceCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsQingdao UniversityNingxia Road 308Qingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Yide Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐TextilesCollaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass FibersMaterials and Textiles of Shandong ProvinceCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsQingdao UniversityNingxia Road 308Qingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐TextilesCollaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass FibersMaterials and Textiles of Shandong ProvinceCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsQingdao UniversityNingxia Road 308Qingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Zhenchuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐TextilesCollaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass FibersMaterials and Textiles of Shandong ProvinceCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsQingdao UniversityNingxia Road 308Qingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐TextilesCollaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass FibersMaterials and Textiles of Shandong ProvinceCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsQingdao UniversityNingxia Road 308Qingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Xiankai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐TextilesCollaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass FibersMaterials and Textiles of Shandong ProvinceCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsQingdao UniversityNingxia Road 308Qingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐TextilesCollaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass FibersMaterials and Textiles of Shandong ProvinceCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsQingdao UniversityNingxia Road 308Qingdao266071P. R. China
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13
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Warncke MN, Böhmer CH, Sachse C, Fischer S, Häntzsche E, Nocke A, Mersch J, Cherif C. Advancing Smart Textiles: Structural Evolution of Knitted Piezoresistive Strain Sensors for Enabling Precise Motion Capture. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3936. [PMID: 37835987 PMCID: PMC10574850 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been remarkable progress in the development of smart textiles, especially knitted strain sensors, to achieve reliable sensor signals. Stable and reliable electro-mechanical properties of sensors are essential for using textile-based sensors in medical applications. However, the challenges associated with significant hysteresis and low gauge factor (GF) values remain for using strain sensors for motion capture. To evaluate these issues, a comprehensive investigation of the cyclic electro-mechanical properties of weft-knitted strain sensors was conducted in the present study to develop a drift-free elastic strain sensor with a robust sensor signal for motion capture for medical devices. Several variables are considered in the study, including the variation of the basic knit pattern, the incorporation of the electrically conductive yarn, and the size of the strain sensor. The effectiveness and feasibility of the developed knitted strain sensors are demonstrated through an experimental evaluation, by determining the gauge factor, its nonlinearity, hysteresis, and drift. The developed knitted piezoresistive strain sensors have a GF of 2.4, a calculated drift of 50%, 12.5% hysteresis, and 0.3% nonlinearity in parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareen N. Warncke
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carola H. Böhmer
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carmen Sachse
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Fischer
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eric Häntzsche
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Nocke
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Mersch
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chokri Cherif
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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14
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Junge T, Brendgen R, Grassmann C, Weide T, Schwarz-Pfeiffer A. Development and Characterization of Hybrid, Temperature Sensing and Heating Yarns with Color Change. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7076. [PMID: 37631613 PMCID: PMC10458216 DOI: 10.3390/s23167076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A person's body temperature is an important indicator of their health status. A deviation of that temperature by just 2 °C already has or can lead to serious consequences, such as fever or hypothermia. Hence, the development of a temperature-sensing and heatable yarn is an important step toward enabling and improving the monitoring and regulation of a person's body temperature. This technology offers benefits to several industries, such as health care and sports. This paper focuses on the characterization and development of a hybrid yarn, which can measure and visualize temperature changes through a thermoresistive and thermochromic effect. Moreover, the yarn is able to serve as a flexible heating element by connecting to a power source. The structure of the yarn is designed in three layers. Each layer and component ensures the functionality and flexibility of the yarn and additional compatibility with further processing steps. A flexible stainless steel core was used as the heat-sensitive and heat-conducting material. The layer of polyester wrapped around the stainless steel yarn improves the wearing comfort and serves as substrate material for the thermochromic coating. The resulting hybrid yarn has a reproducible sensory function and changes its resistance by 0.15 Ω between 20 and 60 °C for a length of 30 cm. In addition, the yarn has a uniform and reproducible heating power, so that temperature steps can be achieved at a defined length by selecting certain voltages. The thermochromic color change is clearly visible between 28 and 29 °C. Due to its textile structure, the hybrid sensory and actuating yarn can easily be incorporated into a woven fabric or into a textile by means of joining technology sewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Junge
- Research Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany; (R.B.); (T.W.)
| | - Rike Brendgen
- Research Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany; (R.B.); (T.W.)
| | - Carsten Grassmann
- Research Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany; (R.B.); (T.W.)
| | - Thomas Weide
- Research Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany; (R.B.); (T.W.)
- Faculty of Textile and Clothing Technology, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Anne Schwarz-Pfeiffer
- Research Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany; (R.B.); (T.W.)
- Faculty of Textile and Clothing Technology, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany
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15
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Banerjee H, Leber A, Laperrousaz S, La Polla R, Dong C, Mansour S, Wan X, Sorin F. Soft Multimaterial Magnetic Fibers and Textiles. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2212202. [PMID: 37080546 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetically responsive soft materials are promising building blocks for the next generation of soft robotics, prosthesis, surgical tools, and smart textiles. To date, however, the fabrication of highly integrated magnetic fibers with extreme aspect ratios, that can be used as steerable catheters, endoscopes, or within functional textiles remains challenging. Here, multimaterial thermal drawing is proposed as a material and processing platform to realize 10s of meters long soft, ultrastretchable, yet highly resilient magnetic fibers. Fibers with a diameter as low as 300 µm and an aspect ratio of 105 are demonstrated, integrating nanocomposite domains with ferromagnetic microparticles embedded in a soft elastomeric matrix. With the proper choice of filler content that must strike the right balance between magnetization density and mechanical stiffness, fibers withstanding strains of >1000% are shown, which can be magnetically actuated and lift up to 370 times their own weight. Magnetic fibers can also integrate other functionalities like microfluidic channels, and be weaved into conventional textiles. It is shown that the novel magnetic textiles can be washed and sustain extreme mechanical constraints, as well as be folded into arbitrary shapes when magnetically actuated, paving the way toward novel intriguing opportunities in medical textiles and soft magnetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hritwick Banerjee
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Leber
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stella Laperrousaz
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rémi La Polla
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Syrine Mansour
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xue Wan
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Sorin
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Ravichandran V, Ciesielska-Wrobel I, Rumon MAA, Solanki D, Mankodiya K. Characterizing the Impedance Properties of Dry E-Textile Electrodes Based on Contact Force and Perspiration. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:728. [PMID: 37504127 PMCID: PMC10377293 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Biopotential electrodes play an integral role within smart wearables and clothing in capturing vital signals like electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG), and electroencephalogram (EEG). This study focuses on dry e-textile electrodes (E1-E6) and a laser-cut knit electrode (E7), to assess their impedance characteristics under varying contact forces and moisture conditions. Synthetic perspiration was applied using a moisture management tester and impedance was measured before and after exposure, followed by a 24 h controlled drying period. Concurrently, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the dry electrode was evaluated during ECG data collection on a healthy participant. Our findings revealed that, prior to moisture exposure, the impedance of electrodes E7, E5, and E2 was below 200 ohm, dropping to below 120 ohm post-exposure. Embroidered electrodes E6 and E4 exhibited an over 25% decrease in mean impedance after moisture exposure, indicating the impact of stitch design and moisture on impedance. Following the controlled drying, certain electrodes (E1, E2, E3, and E4) experienced an over 30% increase in mean impedance. Overall, knit electrode E7, and embroidered electrodes E2 and E6, demonstrated superior performance in terms of impedance, moisture retention, and ECG signal quality, revealing promising avenues for future biopotential electrode designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Ravichandran
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Izabela Ciesielska-Wrobel
- Department of Textiles, Fashion Merchandising and Design, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Md Abdullah Al Rumon
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Dhaval Solanki
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Kunal Mankodiya
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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17
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Chen Y, Du Z, Zhang J, Zeng P, Liang H, Wang Y, Sun Q, Zhou G, Li H. Personal Microenvironment Management by Smart Textiles with Negative Oxygen Ions Releasing and Radiative Cooling Performance. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37428964 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, significant strides have been made in the development of smart clothing, which combines traditional apparel with advanced technology. As our climate and environment undergo continuous changes, it has become critically important to invent and refine sophisticated textiles that enhance thermal comfort and human health. In this study, we present a "wearable forest-like textile". This textile is based on helical lignocellulose-tourmaline composite fibers, boasting mechanical strength that outperforms that of cellulose-based and natural macrofibers. This wearable microenvironment does more than generate approximately 18625 ions/cm3 of negative oxygen ions; it also effectively purifies particulate matter. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrate that the negative oxygen ion environment can slow fruit decay by neutralizing free radicals, suggesting promising implications for aging retardation. In addition, this wearable microenvironment reflects solar irradiation and selectively transmits human body thermal radiation, enabling effective radiative cooling of approximately 8.2 °C compared with conventional textiles. This sustainable and efficient wearable microenvironment provides a compelling textile choice that can enhance personal heat management and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Chen
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhichen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Pei Zeng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Since and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huageng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Since and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qingfeng Sun
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guomo Zhou
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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18
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Vidhya CM, Maithani Y, Singh JP. Recent Advances and Challenges in Textile Electrodes for Wearable Biopotential Signal Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:679. [PMID: 37504078 PMCID: PMC10377545 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The technology of wearable medical equipment has advanced to the point where it is now possible to monitor the electrocardiogram and electromyogram comfortably at home. The transition from wet Ag/AgCl electrodes to various types of gel-free dry electrodes has made it possible to continuously and accurately monitor the biopotential signals. Fabrics or textiles, which were once meant to protect the human body, have undergone significant development and are now employed as intelligent textile materials for healthcare monitoring. The conductive textile electrodes provide the benefit of being breathable and comfortable. In recent years, there has been a significant advancement in the fabrication of wearable conductive textile electrodes for monitoring biopotential signals. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in wearable conductive textile electrodes for biopotential signal monitoring. The paper covers various aspects of the technology, including the electrode design, various manufacturing techniques utilised to fabricate wearable smart fabrics, and performance characteristics. The advantages and limitations of various types of textile electrodes are discussed, and key challenges and future research directions are identified. This will allow them to be used to their fullest potential for signal gathering during physical activities such as running, swimming, and other exercises while being linked into wireless portable health monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Vidhya
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Yogita Maithani
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jitendra P Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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19
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Teymoory P, Zhao J, Shen C. How Practical Are Fiber Supercapacitors for Wearable Energy Storage Applications? Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1249. [PMID: 37374834 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Future wearable electronics and smart textiles face a major challenge in the development of energy storage devices that are high-performing while still being flexible, lightweight, and safe. Fiber supercapacitors are one of the most promising energy storage technologies for such applications due to their excellent electrochemical characteristics and mechanical flexibility. Over the past decade, researchers have put in tremendous effort and made significant progress on fiber supercapacitors. It is now the time to assess the outcomes to ensure that this kind of energy storage device will be practical for future wearable electronics and smart textiles. While the materials, fabrication methods, and energy storage performance of fiber supercapacitors have been summarized and evaluated in many previous publications, this review paper focuses on two practical questions: Are the reported devices providing sufficient energy and power densities to wearable electronics? Are the reported devices flexible and durable enough to be integrated into smart textiles? To answer the first question, we not only review the electrochemical performance of the reported fiber supercapacitors but also compare them to the power needs of a variety of commercial electronics. To answer the second question, we review the general approaches to assess the flexibility of wearable textiles and suggest standard methods to evaluate the mechanical flexibility and stability of fiber supercapacitors for future studies. Lastly, this article summarizes the challenges for the practical application of fiber supercapacitors and proposes possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Teymoory
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Jingzhou Zhao
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
| | - Caiwei Shen
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
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20
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Abeywickrama N, Kgatuke M, Marasinghe K, Nashed MN, Oliveira C, Shahidi AM, Dias T, Hughes-Riley T. The Design and Development of Woven Textile Solar Panels. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16114129. [PMID: 37297263 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, alternative power supplies to either supplement or replace batteries for electronic textile and wearable applications have been sought, with the development of wearable solar energy harvesting systems gaining significant interest. In a previous publication the authors reported a novel concept to craft a yarn capable of harvesting solar energy by embedding miniature solar cells within the fibers of a yarn (solar electronic yarns). The aim of this publication is to report the development of a large-area textile solar panel. This study first characterized the solar electronic yarns, and then analyzed the solar electronic yarns once woven into double cloth woven textiles; as part of this study, the effect of different numbers of covering warp yarns on the performance of the embedded solar cells was explored. Finally, a larger woven textile solar panel (510 mm × 270 mm) was constructed and tested under different light intensities. It was observed that a PMAX = 335.3 ± 22.4 mW of energy could be harvested on a sunny day (under 99,000 lux lighting conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neranga Abeywickrama
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Matholo Kgatuke
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Kalana Marasinghe
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Mohamad Nour Nashed
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Carlos Oliveira
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Arash M Shahidi
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Tilak Dias
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Theodore Hughes-Riley
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
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21
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Popescu M, Ungureanu C. Green Nanomaterials for Smart Textiles Dedicated to Environmental and Biomedical Applications. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16114075. [PMID: 37297209 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Smart textiles recently reaped significant attention owing to their potential applications in various fields, such as environmental and biomedical monitoring. Integrating green nanomaterials into smart textiles can enhance their functionality and sustainability. This review will outline recent advancements in smart textiles incorporating green nanomaterials for environmental and biomedical applications. The article highlights green nanomaterials' synthesis, characterization, and applications in smart textile development. We discuss the challenges and limitations of using green nanomaterials in smart textiles and future perspectives for developing environmentally friendly and biocompatible smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Popescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Ungureanu
- General Chemistry Department, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu Street, 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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22
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Lee KP, Yip J, Yick KL, Lu C, Lu L, Lei QWE. A Novel Force-Sensing Smart Textile: Inserting Silicone-Embedded FBG Sensors into a Knitted Undergarment. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:5145. [PMID: 37299872 PMCID: PMC10255815 DOI: 10.3390/s23115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A number of textile-based fiber optic sensors have recently been proposed for the continuous monitoring of vital signs. However, some of these sensors are likely unsuitable for conducting direct measurements on the torso as they lack elasticity and are inconvenient. This project provides a novel method for creating a force-sensing smart textile by inlaying four silicone-embedded fiber Bragg grating sensors into a knitted undergarment. The applied force was determined within 3 N after transferring the Bragg wavelength. The results show that the sensors embedded in the silicone membranes achieved enhanced sensitivity to force, as well as flexibility and softness. Additionally, by assessing the degree of FBG response to a range of standardized forces, the linearity (R2) between the shift in the Bragg wavelength and force was found to be above 0.95, with an ICC of 0.97, when tested on a soft surface. Furthermore, the real-time data acquisition could facilitate the adjustment and monitoring of force during the fitting processes, such as in bracing treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Nevertheless, the optimal bracing pressure has not yet been standardized. This proposed method could help orthotists to adjust the tightness of brace straps and the location of padding in a more scientific and straightforward way. The output of this project could be further extended to determine ideal bracing pressure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Po Lee
- School of Fashion and Textile, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (K.-P.L.); (K.-L.Y.); (Q.-W.E.L.)
| | - Joanne Yip
- School of Fashion and Textile, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (K.-P.L.); (K.-L.Y.); (Q.-W.E.L.)
- Photonics Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (C.L.)
| | - Kit-Lun Yick
- School of Fashion and Textile, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (K.-P.L.); (K.-L.Y.); (Q.-W.E.L.)
| | - Chao Lu
- Photonics Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (C.L.)
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Linyue Lu
- Photonics Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (C.L.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Qi-Wen Emma Lei
- School of Fashion and Textile, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (K.-P.L.); (K.-L.Y.); (Q.-W.E.L.)
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23
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López-Larraz E, Escolano C, Robledo-Menéndez A, Morlas L, Alda A, Minguez J. A garment that measures brain activity: proof of concept of an EEG sensor layer fully implemented with smart textiles. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1135153. [PMID: 37305362 PMCID: PMC10250743 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1135153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the first garment capable of measuring brain activity with accuracy comparable to that of state-of-the art dry electroencephalogram (EEG) systems. The main innovation is an EEG sensor layer (i.e., the electrodes, the signal transmission, and the cap support) made entirely of threads, fabrics, and smart textiles, eliminating the need for metal or plastic materials. The garment is connected to a mobile EEG amplifier to complete the measurement system. As a first proof of concept, the new EEG system (Garment-EEG) was characterized with respect to a state-of-the-art Ag/AgCl dry-EEG system (Dry-EEG) over the forehead area of healthy participants in terms of: (1) skin-electrode impedance; (2) EEG activity; (3) artifacts; and (4) user ergonomics and comfort. The results show that the Garment-EEG system provides comparable recordings to Dry-EEG, but it is more susceptible to artifacts under adverse recording conditions due to poorer contact impedances. The textile-based sensor layer offers superior ergonomics and comfort compared to its metal-based counterpart. We provide the datasets recorded with Garment-EEG and Dry-EEG systems, making available the first open-access dataset of an EEG sensor layer built exclusively with textile materials. Achieving user acceptance is an obstacle in the field of neurotechnology. The introduction of EEG systems encapsulated in wearables has the potential to democratize neurotechnology and non-invasive brain-computer interfaces, as they are naturally accepted by people in their daily lives. Furthermore, supporting the EEG implementation in the textile industry may result in lower cost and less-polluting manufacturing processes compared to metal and plastic industries.
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24
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Ivanoska-Dacikj A, Oguz-Gouillart Y, Hossain G, Kaplan M, Sivri Ç, Ros-Lis JV, Mikucioniene D, Munir MU, Kizildag N, Unal S, Safarik I, Akgül E, Yıldırım N, Bedeloğlu AÇ, Ünsal ÖF, Herwig G, Rossi RM, Wick P, Clement P, Sarac AS. Advanced and Smart Textiles during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Issues, Challenges, and Innovations. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081115. [PMID: 37107948 PMCID: PMC10137734 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has hugely affected the textile and apparel industry. Besides the negative impact due to supply chain disruptions, drop in demand, liquidity problems, and overstocking, this pandemic was found to be a window of opportunity since it accelerated the ongoing digitalization trends and the use of functional materials in the textile industry. This review paper covers the development of smart and advanced textiles that emerged as a response to the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2. We extensively cover the advancements in developing smart textiles that enable monitoring and sensing through electrospun nanofibers and nanogenerators. Additionally, we focus on improving medical textiles mainly through enhanced antiviral capabilities, which play a crucial role in pandemic prevention, protection, and control. We summarize the challenges that arise from personal protective equipment (PPE) disposal and finally give an overview of new smart textile-based products that emerged in the markets related to the control and spread reduction of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ivanoska-Dacikj
- Research Centre for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Krste Misirkov 2, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Yesim Oguz-Gouillart
- Department of Building and Urban Environment, Innovative Textile Material, JUNIA, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gaffar Hossain
- V-Trion GmbH Textile Research, Millennium Park 15, 6890 Lustenau, Austria
| | - Müslüm Kaplan
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Bartin University, Bartin 74110, Turkey
| | - Çağlar Sivri
- Management Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, İstanbul 34349, Turkey
| | - José Vicente Ros-Lis
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnologico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Universitat de Valencia, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universitat de València, Doctor Moliner 56, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daiva Mikucioniene
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu Str. 56, 50404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Muhammad Usman Munir
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu Str. 56, 50404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nuray Kizildag
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Pendik, Istanbul 34906, Turkey
| | - Serkan Unal
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Pendik, Istanbul 34906, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Material Science and Nanoengineering, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ivo Safarik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Centre, ISBB, CAS, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Esra Akgül
- Department of Industrial Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Nida Yıldırım
- Trabzon Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Çelik Bedeloğlu
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa 16310, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Ünsal
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa 16310, Turkey
| | - Gordon Herwig
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - René M Rossi
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particle-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Clement
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particle-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - A Sezai Sarac
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Science and Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
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25
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Silva PES, Lin X, Vaara M, Mohan M, Vapaavuori J, Terentjev EM. Active Textile Fabrics from Weaving Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Filaments. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2210689. [PMID: 36639143 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Active fabrics, responding autonomously to environmental changes, are the "Holy Grail" of the development of smart textiles. Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) promise to be the base materials for large-stroke reversible actuation. The mechanical behavior of LCEs matches almost exactly the human muscle. Yet, it has not been possible to produce filaments from LCEs that will be suitable for standard textile production methods, such as weaving. Based on the recent development of LCE fibers, here, the crafting of active fabrics incorporating LCE yarn, woven on a standard loom, giving control over the weave density and structure, is presented. Two types of LCE yarns (soft and stiff) and their incorporation into several weaving patterns are tested, and the "champions" identified: the twill pattern with stiffer LCE yarn that shows the greatest blocking force of 1-2 N cm-1 , and the weft rib pattern with over 10% reversible actuation strain on repeated heating cycles. Reversible 3D shape changes of active fabric utilize the circular weaving patterns that lead to cone shapes upon heating. The seamless combination of active LCE yarns into the rich portfolio of existing passive yarns can be transformative in creating new stimuli-responsive actuating textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro E S Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Xueyan Lin
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Maija Vaara
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Mithila Mohan
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Eugene M Terentjev
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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26
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Bozali B, Ghodrat S, Jansen KMB. Design of Wearable Finger Sensors for Rehabilitation Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:710. [PMID: 37420943 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging technology, smart textiles have attracted attention for rehabilitation purposes or to monitor heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, body posture, as well as limb movements. Traditional rigid sensors do not always provide the desired level of comfort, flexibility, and adaptability. To improve this, recent research focuses on the development of textile-based sensors. In this study, knitted strain sensors that are linear up to 40% strain with a sensitivity of 1.19 and a low hysteresis characteristic were integrated into different versions of wearable finger sensors for rehabilitation purposes. The results showed that the different finger sensor versions have accurate responses to different angles of the index finger at relaxation, 45° and 90°. Additionally, the effect of spacer layer thickness between the finger and sensor was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Bozali
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sepideh Ghodrat
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kaspar M B Jansen
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands
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27
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León-Boigues L, Flores A, Gómez-Fatou MA, Vega JF, Ellis GJ, Salavagione HJ. PET/Graphene Nanocomposite Fibers Obtained by Dry-Jet Wet-Spinning for Conductive Textiles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36904485 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), one of the most used polymers in the textile industry, with graphene, one of the most outstanding conductive materials in recent years, represents a promising strategy for the preparation of conductive textiles. This study focuses on the preparation of mechanically stable and conductive polymer textiles and describes the preparation of PET/graphene fibers by the dry-jet wet-spinning method from nanocomposite solutions in trifluoroacetic acid. Nanoindentation results show that the addition of a small amount of graphene (2 wt.%) to the glassy PET fibers produces a significant modulus and hardness enhancement (≈10%) that can be partly attributed to the intrinsic mechanical properties of graphene but also to the promotion of crystallinity. Higher graphene loadings up to 5 wt.% are found to produce additional mechanical improvements up to ≈20% that can be merely attributed to the superior properties of the filler. Moreover, the nanocomposite fibers display an electrical conductivity percolation threshold over 2 wt.% approaching ≈0.2 S/cm for the largest graphene loading. Finally, bending tests on the nanocomposite fibers show that the good electrical conductivity can be preserved under cyclic mechanical loading.
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28
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Rahemtulla Z, Turner A, Oliveira C, Kaner J, Dias T, Hughes-Riley T. The Design and Engineering of a Fall and Near-Fall Detection Electronic Textile. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1920. [PMID: 36903036 PMCID: PMC10004402 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Falls can be detrimental to the quality of life of older people, and therefore the ability to detect falls is beneficial, especially if the person is living alone and has injured themselves. In addition, detecting near falls (when a person is imbalanced or stumbles) has the potential to prevent a fall from occurring. This work focused on the design and engineering of a wearable electronic textile device to monitor falls and near-falls and used a machine learning algorithm to assist in the interpretation of the data. A key driver behind the study was to create a comfortable device that people would be willing to wear. A pair of over-socks incorporating a single motion sensing electronic yarn each were designed. The over-socks were used in a trial involving 13 participants. The participants performed three types of activities of daily living (ADLs), three types of falls onto a crash mat, and one type of near-fall. The trail data was visually analyzed for patterns, and a machine learning algorithm was used to classify the data. The developed over-socks combined with the use of a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network have been shown to be able to differentiate between three different ADLs and three different falls with an accuracy of 85.7%, ADLs and falls with an accuracy of 99.4%, and ADLs, falls, and stumbles (near-falls) with an accuracy of 94.2%. In addition, results showed that the motion sensing E-yarn only needs to be present in one over-sock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rahemtulla
- Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Alexander Turner
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK
| | - Carlos Oliveira
- Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Jake Kaner
- Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Tilak Dias
- Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
| | - Theodore Hughes-Riley
- Nottingham School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, UK
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29
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Rumon MAA, Cay G, Ravichandran V, Altekreeti A, Gitelson-Kahn A, Constant N, Solanki D, Mankodiya K. Textile Knitted Stretch Sensors for Wearable Health Monitoring: Design and Performance Evaluation. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 13:34. [PMID: 36671869 PMCID: PMC9855993 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of smart textiles has led to significant interest in developing wearable textile sensors (WTS) and offering new modalities to sense vital signs and activity monitoring in daily life settings. For this, textile fabrication methods such as knitting, weaving, embroidery, and braiding offer promising pathways toward unobtrusive and seamless sensing for WTS applications. Specifically, the knitted sensor has a unique intermeshing loop structure which is currently used to monitor repetitive body movements such as breathing (microscale motion) and walking (macroscale motion). However, the practical sensing application of knit structure demands a comprehensive study of knit structures as a sensor. In this work, we present a detailed performance evaluation of six knitted sensors and sensing variation caused by design, sensor size, stretching percentages % (10, 15, 20, 25), cyclic stretching (1000), and external factors such as sweat (salt-fog test). We also present regulated respiration (inhale-exhale) testing data from 15 healthy human participants; the testing protocol includes three respiration rates; slow (10 breaths/min), normal (15 breaths/min), and fast (30 breaths/min). The test carried out with statistical analysis includes the breathing time and breathing rate variability. These testing results offer an empirically derived guideline for future WTS research, present aggregated information to understand the sensor behavior when it experiences a different range of motion, and highlight the constraints of the silver-based conductive yarn when exposed to the real environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah al Rumon
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Gozde Cay
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Vignesh Ravichandran
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Afnan Altekreeti
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Anna Gitelson-Kahn
- Department of Textiles, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | - Dhaval Solanki
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Kunal Mankodiya
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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30
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Dulal M, Afroj S, Ahn J, Cho Y, Carr C, Kim ID, Karim N. Toward Sustainable Wearable Electronic Textiles. ACS Nano 2022; 16:19755-19788. [PMID: 36449447 PMCID: PMC9798870 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Smart wearable electronic textiles (e-textiles) that can detect and differentiate multiple stimuli, while also collecting and storing the diverse array of data signals using highly innovative, multifunctional, and intelligent garments, are of great value for personalized healthcare applications. However, material performance and sustainability, complicated and difficult e-textile fabrication methods, and their limited end-of-life processability are major challenges to wide adoption of e-textiles. In this review, we explore the potential for sustainable materials, manufacturing techniques, and their end-of-the-life processes for developing eco-friendly e-textiles. In addition, we survey the current state-of-the-art for sustainable fibers and electronic materials (i.e., conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics) to serve as different components in wearable e-textiles and then provide an overview of environmentally friendly digital manufacturing techniques for such textiles which involve less or no water utilization, combined with a reduction in both material waste and energy consumption. Furthermore, standardized parameters for evaluating the sustainability of e-textiles are established, such as life cycle analysis, biodegradability, and recyclability. Finally, we discuss the current development trends, as well as the future research directions for wearable e-textiles which include an integrated product design approach based on the use of eco-friendly materials, the development of sustainable manufacturing processes, and an effective end-of-the-life strategy to manufacture next generation smart and sustainable wearable e-textiles that can be either recycled to value-added products or decomposed in the landfill without any negative environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Dulal
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), University of
the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BristolBS16 1QY, United
Kingdom
| | - Shaila Afroj
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), University of
the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BristolBS16 1QY, United
Kingdom
| | - Jaewan Ahn
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujang Cho
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chris Carr
- Clothworkers’
Centre for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, School of
Design, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nazmul Karim
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), University of
the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BristolBS16 1QY, United
Kingdom
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31
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Schmidl G, Jia G, Gawlik A, Lorenz P, Zieger G, Dellith J, Diegel M, Plentz J. Copper Iodide on Spacer Fabrics as Textile Thermoelectric Device for Energy Generation. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:13. [PMID: 36614351 PMCID: PMC9821746 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The integration of electronic functionalities into textiles for use as wearable sensors, energy harvesters, or coolers has become increasingly important in recent years. A special focus is on efficient thermoelectric materials. Copper iodide as a p-type thermoelectrically active, nontoxic material is attractive for energy harvesting and energy generation because of its transparency and possible high-power factor. The deposition of CuI on polyester spacer fabrics by wet chemical processes represents a great potential for use in textile industry for example as flexible thermoelectric energy generators in the leisure or industrial sector as well as in medical technologies. The deposited material on polyester yarn is investigated by electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and by thermoelectric measurements. The Seebeck coefficient was observed between 112 and 153 µV/K in a temperature range between 30 °C and 90 °C. It is demonstrated that the maximum output power reached 99 nW at temperature difference of 65.5 K with respect to room temperature for a single textile element. However, several elements can be connected in series and the output power can be linear upscaled. Thus, CuI coated on 3D spacer fabrics can be attractive to fabricate thermoelectric devices especially in the lower temperature range for textile medical or leisure applications.
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32
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Guo M, Peng Y, Chen Z, Sheng N, Sun F. Smart Humidly Adaptive Yarns and Textiles from Twisted and Coiled Viscose Fiber Artificial Muscles. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8312. [PMID: 36499808 PMCID: PMC9739715 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The self-adaptive nature of smart textiles to the ambient environment has made them an indispensable part of emerging wearable technologies. However, current advances generally suffer from complex material preparation, uncomfortable fitting feeling, possible toxicity, and high cost in fabrication, which hinder the real-world application of smart materials in textiles. Herein, humidity-response torsional and tensile yarn actuators from twisted and coiled structures are developed using commercially available, cost-effective, and biodegradable viscose fibers based on yarn-spinning and weaving technologies. The twisted yarn shows a reversible torsional stroke of 1400° cm-1 in 5 s when stimulated by water fog with a spraying speed of 0.05 g s-1; the coiled yarn exhibits a peak tensile stroke of 900% upon enhancing the relative humidity. Further, textile manufacturing allows for the scalable fabrication to create fabric artificial muscles with high-dimensional actuation deformations and human-touch comfort, which can boost the potential applications of the humidly adaptive yarns in smart textile and advanced textile materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yangyang Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Laboratory of Soft Fibrous Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- College of Fashion Design, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Nan Sheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Laboratory of Soft Fibrous Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fengxin Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Laboratory of Soft Fibrous Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Brendgen R, Graßmann C, Gellner S, Schwarz-Pfeiffer A. Textile One-Component Organic Electrochemical Sensor for Near-Body Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:1980. [PMID: 36422410 PMCID: PMC9695350 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The need for more efficient health services and the trend of a healthy lifestyle pushes the development of smart textiles. Since textiles have always been an object of everyday life, smart textiles promise an extensive user acceptance. Thereby, the manufacture of electrical components based on textile materials is of great interest for applications as biosensors. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are often used as biosensors for the detection of saline content, adrenaline, glucose, etc., in diverse body fluids. Textile-based OECTs are mostly prepared by combining a liquid electrolyte solution with two separate electro-active yarns that must be precisely arranged in a textile structure. Herein, on the other hand, a biosensor based on a textile single-component organic electrochemical transistor with a hardened electrolyte was developed by common textile technologies such as impregnation and laminating. Its working principle was demonstrated by showing that the herein-produced transistor functions similarly to a switch or an amplifier and that it is able to detect ionic analytes of a saline solution. These findings support the idea of using this new device layout of textile-based OECTs as biosensors in near-body applications, though future work must be carried out to ensure reproducibility and selectivity, and to achieve an increased level of textile integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rike Brendgen
- Research Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - Carsten Graßmann
- Research Institute for Textile and Clothing (FTB), Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - Sandra Gellner
- Faculty Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Reinarzstr. 49, 47805 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Anne Schwarz-Pfeiffer
- Faculty of Textile and Clothing Technology, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Webschulstr. 31, 41065 Moenchengladbach, Germany
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Islam MR, Afroj S, Novoselov KS, Karim N. Smart Electronic Textile-Based Wearable Supercapacitors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2203856. [PMID: 36192164 PMCID: PMC9631069 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Electronic textiles (e-textiles) have drawn significant attention from the scientific and engineering community as lightweight and comfortable next-generation wearable devices due to their ability to interface with the human body, and continuously monitor, collect, and communicate various physiological parameters. However, one of the major challenges for the commercialization and further growth of e-textiles is the lack of compatible power supply units. Thin and flexible supercapacitors (SCs), among various energy storage systems, are gaining consideration due to their salient features including excellent lifetime, lightweight, and high-power density. Textile-based SCs are thus an exciting energy storage solution to power smart gadgets integrated into clothing. Here, materials, fabrications, and characterization strategies for textile-based SCs are reviewed. The recent progress of textile-based SCs is then summarized in terms of their electrochemical performances, followed by the discussion on key parameters for their wearable electronics applications, including washability, flexibility, and scalability. Finally, the perspectives on their research and technological prospects to facilitate an essential step towards moving from laboratory-based flexible and wearable SCs to industrial-scale mass production are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedul Islam
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)The University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
| | - Shaila Afroj
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)The University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
- Chongqing 2D Materials InstituteLiangjiang New AreaChongqing400714China
| | - Nazmul Karim
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)The University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
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Bozali B, Ghodrat S, Plaude L, van Dam JJF, Jansen KMB. Development of Low Hysteresis, Linear Weft-Knitted Strain Sensors for Smart Textile Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7688. [PMID: 36236787 PMCID: PMC9572287 DOI: 10.3390/s22197688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, knitted strain sensors have been developed that aim to achieve reliable sensing and high wearability, but they are associated with difficulties due to high hysteresis and low gauge factor (GF) values. This study investigated the electromechanical performance of the weft-knitted strain sensors with a systematic approach to achieve reliable knitted sensors. For two elastic yarn types, six conductive yarns with different resistivities, the knitting density as well as the number of conductive courses were considered as variables in the study. We focused on the 1 × 1 rib structure and in the sensing areas co-knit the conductive and elastic yarns and observed that positioning the conductive yarns at the inside was crucial for obtaining sensors with low hysteresis values. We show that using this technique and varying the knitting density, linear sensors with a working range up to 40% with low hysteresis can be obtained. In addition, using this technique and varying the knitting density, linear sensors with a working range up to 40% strain, hysteresis values as low as 0.03, and GFs varying between 0 and 1.19 can be achieved.
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Abstract
At the forefront of the smart textile community, healthcare and sustainability are the two crucial objectives targeted by researchers. The development of such powerful devices has been driven by innovative fabrications of breathable, skin-conformable technologies through the use of functional and programmable materials and device structures. This Perspective focuses on the current smart textiles available in the research field, categorized into personalized healthcare, including diagnostics and therapeutics, and sustainability, including energy harvesting and conservation─personalized thermoregulation. These categories are further broken down into their platform structural technologies and performances. Furthermore, we give a comprehensive overview and highlight a few examples of current studies. Finally, we provide an outlook on these technologies for future researchers to participate. We envision that the next generation of smart textiles will revolutionize wearable technology for healthcare and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinny Tat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Guorui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xun Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yihao Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Li BM, Reese BL, Ingram K, Huddleston ME, Jenkins M, Zaets A, Reuter M, Grogg MW, Nelson MT, Zhou Y, Ju B, Sennik B, Farrell ZJ, Jur JS, Tabor CE. Textile-Integrated Liquid Metal Electrodes for Electrophysiological Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200745. [PMID: 35734914 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Next generation textile-based wearable sensing systems will require flexibility and strength to maintain capabilities over a wide range of deformations. However, current material sets used for textile-based skin contacting electrodes lack these key properties, which hinder applications such as electrophysiological sensing. In this work, a facile spray coating approach to integrate liquid metal nanoparticle systems into textile form factors for conformal, flexible, and robust electrodes is presented. The liquid metal system employs functionalized liquid metal nanoparticles that provide a simple "peel-off to activate" means of imparting conductivity. The spray coating approach combined with the functionalized liquid metal system enables the creation of long-term reusable textile-integrated liquid metal electrodes (TILEs). Although the TILEs are dry electrodes by nature, they show equal skin-electrode impedances and sensing capabilities with improved wearability compared to commercial wet electrodes. Biocompatibility of TILEs in an in vivo skin environment is demonstrated, while providing improved sensing performance compared to previously reported textile-based dry electrodes. The "spray on dry-behave like wet" characteristics of TILEs opens opportunities for textile-based wearable health monitoring, haptics, and augmented/virtual reality applications that require the use of flexible and conformable dry electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden M Li
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.,Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA.,Air Force Life Cycle Management Center, Human Systems Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Brandon L Reese
- Department of Physics, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.,UES Inc, Dayton, OH, 45432, USA
| | - Katherine Ingram
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Mary E Huddleston
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Meghan Jenkins
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Allison Zaets
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Matthew Reuter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Matthew W Grogg
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - M Tyler Nelson
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Beomjun Ju
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Busra Sennik
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Zachary J Farrell
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA.,UES Inc, Dayton, OH, 45432, USA
| | - Jesse S Jur
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Christopher E Tabor
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
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Arruda LM, Moreira IP, Sanivada UK, Carvalho H, Fangueiro R. Development of Piezoresistive Sensors Based on Graphene Nanoplatelets Screen-Printed on Woven and Knitted Fabrics: Optimisation of Active Layer Formulation and Transversal/Longitudinal Textile Direction. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15155185. [PMID: 35897616 PMCID: PMC9369725 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Although the force/pressure applied onto a textile substrate through a uniaxial compression is constant and independent of the yarn direction, it should be noted that such mechanical action causes a geometric change in the substrate, which can be identified by the reduction in its lateral thickness. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the fabric orientation on both knitted and woven pressure sensors, in order to generate knowledge for a better design process during textile piezoresistive sensor development. For this purpose, these distinct textile structures were doped with different concentrations of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), using the screen-printing technique. The chemical and physical properties of these screen-printed fabrics were analysed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Ground State Diffuse Reflectance and Raman Spectroscopy. Samples were subjected to tests determining linear electrical surface resistance and piezoresistive behaviour. In the results, a higher presence of conductive material was found in woven structures. For the doped samples, the electrical resistance varied between 105 Ω and 101 Ω, for the GNPs’ percentage increase. The lowest resistance value was observed for the woven fabric with 15% GNPs (3.67 ± 8.17 × 101 Ω). The samples showed different electrical behaviour according to the fabric orientation. Overall, greater sensitivity in the longitudinal direction and a lower coefficient of variation CV% of the measurement was identified in the transversal direction, coursewise for knitted and weftwise for woven fabrics. The woven fabric doped with 5% GNPs assembled in the weftwise direction was shown to be the most indicated for a piezoresistive sensor, due to its most uniform response and most accurate measure of mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M. Arruda
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fibre-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Inês P. Moreira
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fibre-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Usha Kiran Sanivada
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fibre-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Helder Carvalho
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fibre-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
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Sanivada UK, Esteves D, Arruda LM, Silva CA, Moreira IP, Fangueiro R. Joule-Heating Effect of Thin Films with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15124323. [PMID: 35744383 PMCID: PMC9230175 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Smart textiles have become a promising area of research for heating applications. Coatings with nanomaterials allow the introduction of different functionalities, enabling doped textiles to be used in sensing and heating applications. These coatings were made on a piece of woven cotton fabric through screen printing, with a different number of layers. To prepare the paste, nanomaterials such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to a polyurethane-based polymeric resin, in various concentrations. The electrical conductivity of the obtained samples was measured and the heat-dissipating capabilities assessed. The results showed that coatings have induced electrical conductivity and heating capabilities. The highest electrical conductivity of (9.39 ± 1.28 × 10−1 S/m) and (9.02 ± 6.62 × 10−2 S/m) was observed for 12% (w/v) GNPs and 5% (w/v) (CNTs + GNPs), respectively. The sample with 5% (w/v) (CNTs + GNPs) and 12% (w/v) GNPs exhibited a Joule effect when a voltage of 12 V was applied for 5 min, and a maximum temperature of 42.7 °C and 40.4 °C were achieved, respectively. It can be concluded that higher concentrations of GNPs can be replaced by adding CNTs, still achieving nearly the same performance. These coated textiles can potentially find applications in the area of heating, sensing, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Kiran Sanivada
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Mechanical Engineering and Resources Sustainability Centre (MEtRICS), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: (U.K.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Dina Esteves
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luisa M. Arruda
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carla A. Silva
- Simoldes Plastics, Research & Innovation, Rua Comendador António da Silva Rodrigues 165, 3720-502 Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal;
| | - Inês P. Moreira
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: (U.K.S.); (R.F.)
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Abstract
Textile-based sensors in the form of a wearable computing device that can be attached to or worn on the human body not only can transmit information but also can be used as a smart sensing device to access the mobile internet. These sensors represent a potential platform for the next generation of human-computer interfaces. The continuous emergence of new conductive materials is one of the driving forces for the development of textile sensors. Recently, a two-dimensional (2D) MXene material with excellent performance has received extensive attention due to its high conductivity, processability, and mechanical stability. In this paper, the synthesis of MXene materials, the fabrication of conductive textiles, the structural design of textile sensors, and the application of MXene-based textile sensors in the wearable field are reviewed. Furthermore, from the perspective of MXene preparation, wearability, stability, and evaluation standards, the difficulties and challenges of MXene-based textile sensors in the field of wearable applications are summarized and prospected. This review attempts to strengthen the connection between wearable smart textiles and MXene materials and promote the rapid development of wearable MXene-based textile sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Jin
- Human-Computer Interaction Design Lab, School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqian Bai
- Human-Computer Interaction Design Lab, School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Integration of piezoelectric materials in composite and textile structures is promising for creating smart textiles with sensing or energy harvesting functionalities. The most direct integration that combines wearability, comfort, and piezoelectric efficiency consists of using fibers made of piezoelectric materials. The latter include inorganic ceramics or organic polymers. Ceramics have outstanding piezoelectric properties but can not be easily melted or solubilized in a solvent to be processed in the form of fibers. They have to be spun from precursor materials and thermally treated afterward for densification and sintering. These delicate processes have to be carefully controlled to optimize the piezoelectric properties of the fibers. On the other hand, organic piezoelectric polymers, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), can be spun by more conventional textile fibers technologies. In addition to enjoy an easier manufacturing, organic piezoelectric fibers display flexibility that facilitates their integration and use in smart textiles. However, organic fibers suffer from a low piezoelectric efficiency. This reviews looks at the processing techniques and their specific limitations and advantages to realize single-component or coaxial piezofibers. Fundamental challenges related to the use of composite fibers are discussed. The latter include challenges for poling and electrically wiring the fibers to collect charges under operation or to apply electrical fields. The electromechanical properties of these fibers processed by different manufacturing techniques are compared. Recent studies of structures used to integrate such fibers in textiles and composites with conventional techniques and their potential applications are discussed.
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Carbonaro N, Arcarisi L, Marinai C, Laurino M, Di Rienzo F, Vallati C, Tognetti A. Exploiting Resistive Matrix Technology to Build a Stretchable Sensorised Sock for Gait Analysis in Daily Life. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22051761. [PMID: 35270907 PMCID: PMC8915029 DOI: 10.3390/s22051761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development and preliminary evaluation of an innovative low-cost wearable device for gait analysis. We have developed a sensorized sock equipped with 32 piezoresistive textile-based sensors integrated in the heel and metatarsal areas for the detection of signals associated with the contact pressures generated during walking phases. To build the sock, we applied a sensing patch on a commercially available sock. The sensing patch is a stretchable circuit based on the resistive matrix method, in which conductive stripes, based on conductive inks, are coupled with piezoresistive fabrics to form sensing elements. In our sensorized sock, we introduced many relevant improvements to overcome the limitations of the classical resistive matrix method. We preliminary evaluated the sensorized sock on five healthy subjects by performing a total of 80 walking tasks at different speeds for a known distance. Comparison of step count and step-to-step frequency versus reference measurements showed a high correlation between the estimated measure and the real one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Carbonaro
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (C.M.); (F.D.R.); (C.V.); (A.T.)
- Research Center E. Piaggio, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucia Arcarisi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (C.M.); (F.D.R.); (C.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Carlotta Marinai
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (C.M.); (F.D.R.); (C.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Marco Laurino
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesco Di Rienzo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (C.M.); (F.D.R.); (C.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Carlo Vallati
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (C.M.); (F.D.R.); (C.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Alessandro Tognetti
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (C.M.); (F.D.R.); (C.V.); (A.T.)
- Research Center E. Piaggio, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Gunawardhana KR, Wanasekara ND, Wijayantha KG, Dharmasena RDI. Scalable Textile Manufacturing Methods for Fabricating Triboelectric Nanogenerators with Balanced Electrical and Wearable Properties. ACS Appl Electron Mater 2022; 4:678-688. [PMID: 35573892 PMCID: PMC9097478 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.1c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are foreseen as a leading candidate to harvest mechanical energy from ambient sources such as human body movements. However, wearable TENGs, which are used for this purpose, require adequate wearability for long durations, in addition to sufficient electrical outputs. So far, it has been difficult to achieve this through the predominantly plastic-based wearable TENGs constructed using conventional nanogenerator fabrication methods. This Article evaluates the use of textile materials and scalable fabrication techniques to develop TENGs targeting balanced electrical and wearable properties. The fabrication process is conducted using yarn-coating, dip-coating, and screen-printing techniques, which are common textile manufacturing methods, and converted into fabrics using flat-bed knitting, resulting in TENGs with improved wearable and electrical performances. The electrical properties (open circuit voltage (V oc), short circuit current (I sc), and short circuit charge (Q sc)) and wearable properties (air permeability, stretch and recovery, and moisture management) of these structures are evaluated, during which the yarn-coated TENG resulted in maximum electrical outputs recording V oc ≈ 35 V, I sc ≈ 60 nA, and Q sc ≈ 12 nC, under mild excitations. In terms of wearability, the yarn-coated TENG again performed exceptionally during the majority of tests providing the best moisture management, air permeability (101 cm3/cm2/s), and stretch (∼75%), thus proving its suitability for wearable TENG applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. R.
Sanjaya Gunawardhana
- Department
of Textile and Apparel Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Bandaranayake Mawatha, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - Nandula D. Wanasekara
- Department
of Textile and Apparel Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Bandaranayake Mawatha, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - Kahagala Gamage Wijayantha
- Energy
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - R. D. Ishara Dharmasena
- Department
of Textile and Apparel Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Bandaranayake Mawatha, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
- Wolfson
School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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Kubiak P, Leśnikowski J. Influence of Mechanical Deformations on the Characteristic Impedance of Sewed Textile Signal Lines. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:1149. [PMID: 35161093 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The following article describes a new type of textile signal line that can be used in smart clothing. The article presents the structure of this line and the materials used for its construction. The article also presents the results of research on the influence of the line tensile force on the value of its characteristic impedance. The above tests were carried out on lines where the electrically conductive paths do not have the form of straight lines, as is often the case in smart clothing. The article also presents a preliminary statistical analysis, the aim of which was to find those characteristics of the substrate of the line that affect changes in the characteristic impedance during stretching.
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Larciprete M, Orazi N, Gloy YS, Paoloni S, Sibilia C, Li Voti R. In-Plane Thermal Diffusivity Measurements of Polyethersulfone Woven Textiles by Infrared Thermography. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:940. [PMID: 35161686 DOI: 10.3390/s22030940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Lock-in thermography was applied to the measurement of the in-plane thermal diffusivity of three polyethersulfone (PES) textiles characterized by different weaving pattern as well as different mass density of interlacing fibers. The experimental results showed that the in-plane thermal diffusivity in each direction decreased with the increase of the fibers’ linear mass density, thus leading to an anisotropic behavior of the thermal diffusivity in the specimen where PES fibers with different density were interlaced. A new theoretical model for the study of the heat diffusion in textiles was specifically developed and, thereafter, employed for the analysis of the experimental results. As such, our textile model approach, shedding light on the role of different textile and fibers parameters on the resulting thermal diffusivity, paves the way for the development and design of textiles with tailored thermal behavior.
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Alizadeh-Meghrazi M, Sidhu G, Jain S, Stone M, Eskandarian L, Toossi A, Popovic MR. A Mass-Producible Washable Smart Garment with Embedded Textile EMG Electrodes for Control of Myoelectric Prostheses: A Pilot Study. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:666. [PMID: 35062627 PMCID: PMC8779154 DOI: 10.3390/s22020666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) is the resulting electrical signal from muscle activity, commonly used as a proxy for users' intent in voluntary control of prosthetic devices. EMG signals are recorded with gold standard Ag/AgCl gel electrodes, though there are limitations in continuous use applications, with potential skin irritations and discomfort. Alternative dry solid metallic electrodes also face long-term usability and comfort challenges due to their inflexible and non-breathable structures. This is critical when the anatomy of the targeted body region is variable (e.g., residual limbs of individuals with amputation), and conformal contact is essential. In this study, textile electrodes were developed, and their performance in recording EMG signals was compared to gel electrodes. Additionally, to assess the reusability and robustness of the textile electrodes, the effect of 30 consumer washes was investigated. Comparisons were made between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), with no statistically significant difference, and with the power spectral density (PSD), showing a high correlation. Subsequently, a fully textile sleeve was fabricated covering the forearm, with 14 textile electrodes. For three individuals, an artificial neural network model was trained, capturing the EMG of 7 distinct finger movements. The personalized models were then used to successfully control a myoelectric prosthetic hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada;
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada
- Myant Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B6, Canada; (G.S.); (S.J.); (M.S.); (L.E.); (A.T.)
| | - Gurjant Sidhu
- Myant Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B6, Canada; (G.S.); (S.J.); (M.S.); (L.E.); (A.T.)
| | - Saransh Jain
- Myant Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B6, Canada; (G.S.); (S.J.); (M.S.); (L.E.); (A.T.)
| | - Michael Stone
- Myant Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B6, Canada; (G.S.); (S.J.); (M.S.); (L.E.); (A.T.)
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ladan Eskandarian
- Myant Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B6, Canada; (G.S.); (S.J.); (M.S.); (L.E.); (A.T.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Amirali Toossi
- Myant Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B6, Canada; (G.S.); (S.J.); (M.S.); (L.E.); (A.T.)
| | - Milos R. Popovic
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada;
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada
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Saini H, Srinivasan N, Šedajová V, Majumder M, Dubal DP, Otyepka M, Zbořil R, Kurra N, Fischer RA, Jayaramulu K. Emerging MXene@Metal-Organic Framework Hybrids: Design Strategies toward Versatile Applications. ACS Nano 2021; 15:18742-18776. [PMID: 34793674 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress on developing smart materials and design of hybrids is motivated by pressing challenges associated with energy crisis and environmental remediation. While emergence of versatile classes of nanomaterials has been fascinating, the real excitement lies in the design of hybrid materials with tunable properties. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the key materials for gas sorption and electrochemical applications, but their sustainability is challenged by limited chemical stability, poor electrical conductivity, and intricate, inaccessible pores. Despite tremendous efforts towards improving the stability of MOF materials, little progress has made researchers inclined toward developing hybrid materials. MXenes, a family of two-dimensional transition-metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides, are known for their compositional versatility and formation of a range of structures with rich surface chemistry. Hybridization of MOFs with functional layered MXene materials may be beneficial if the host structure provides appropriate interactions for stabilizing and improving the desired properties. Recent efforts have focused on integrating Ti3C2Tx and V2CTx MXenes with MOFs to result in hybrid materials with augmented electrochemical and physicochemical properties, widening the scope for emerging applications. This review discusses the potential design strategies of MXene@MOF hybrids, attributes of tunable properties in the resulting hybrids, and their applications in water treatment, sensing, electrochemical energy storage, smart textiles, and electrocatalysis. Comprehensive discussions on the recent efforts on rapidly evolving MXene@MOF materials for various applications and potential future directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneesh Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India
| | - Nikitha Srinivasan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Veronika Šedajová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mandira Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India
| | - Deepak P Dubal
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Narendra Kurra
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502284 Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kolleboyina Jayaramulu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India
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Liu X, Miao J, Fan Q, Zhang W, Zuo X, Tian M, Zhu S, Zhang X, Qu L. Smart Textile Based on 3D Stretchable Silver Nanowires/MXene Conductive Networks for Personal Healthcare and Thermal Management. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:56607-56619. [PMID: 34786929 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics have enriched daily lives by providing smart functions as well as monitoring body health conditions. However, the realization of wearable electronics with personal healthcare and thermal comfort management of the human body is still a great challenge. Furthermore, manufacturing such on-skin wearable electronics on traditional thin-film substrates results in limited gas permeability and inflammation. Herein, we proposed a personal healthcare and thermal management smart textile with a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected conductive network, formed by silver nanowires (AgNWs) bridging lamellar structured transition-metal carbide/carbonitride (MXene) nanosheets deposited on nonwoven fabrics. Benefiting from the interconnected conductive network synergistic effect of one-dimensional (1D) AgNWs bridging two-dimensional (2D) MXene, the strain sensor exhibits excellent durability (>1500 stretching cycles) and high sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) = 1085) with a wide strain range limit (∼100%), and the details of human body activities can be accurately recognized and monitored. Moreover, thanks to the excellent Joule heating and photothermal effect endowed by AgNWs and MXene, the multifunctional smart textile with direct temperature visualization and solar-powered temperature regulation functions was successfully developed, after further combination of thermochromic and phase-change functional layers, respectively. The smart textiles with a stretchable AgNW-MXene 3D conductive network hold great promise for next-generation personal healthcare and thermal management wearable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Liu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jinlei Miao
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fan
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xingwei Zuo
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Tian
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Zhu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Qu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
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Oatley G, Choudhury T, Buckman P. Smart Textiles for Improved Quality of Life and Cognitive Assessment. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:8008. [PMID: 34884010 DOI: 10.3390/s21238008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Smart textiles can be used as innovative solutions to amuse, meaningfully engage, comfort, entertain, stimulate, and to overall improve the quality of life for people living in care homes with dementia or its precursor mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This concept paper presents a smart textile prototype to both entertain and monitor/assess the behavior of the relevant clients. The prototype includes physical computing components for music playing and simple interaction, but additionally games and data logging systems, to determine baselines of activity and interaction. Using microelectronics, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and capacitive touch sensors woven into a fabric, the study demonstrates the kinds of augmentations possible over the normal manipulation of the traditional non-smart activity apron by incorporating light and sound effects as feedback when patients interact with different regions of the textile. A data logging system will record the patient’s behavioral patterns. This would include the location, frequency, and time of the patient’s activities within the different textile areas. The textile will be placed across the laps of the resident, which they then play with, permitting the development of a behavioral profile through the gamification of cognitive tests. This concept paper outlines the development of a prototype sensor system and highlights the challenges related to its use in a care home setting. The research implements a wide range of functionality through a novel architecture involving loosely coupling and concentrating artifacts on the top layer and technology on the bottom layer. Components in a loosely coupled system can be replaced with alternative implementations that provide the same services, and so this gives the solution the best flexibility. The literature shows that existing architectures that are strongly coupled result in difficulties modeling different individuals without incurring significant costs.
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Grellmann H, Bruns M, Lohse FM, Kruppke I, Nocke A, Cherif C. Development of an Elastic, Electrically Conductive Coating for TPU Filaments. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:7158. [PMID: 34885313 PMCID: PMC8658407 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrically conductive filaments are used in a wide variety of applications, for example, in smart textiles and soft robotics. Filaments that conduct electricity are required for the transmission of energy and information, but up until now, most electrically conductive fibers, filaments and wires offer low mechanical elongation. Therefore, they are not well suited for the implementation into elastomeric composites and textiles that are worn close to the human body and have to follow a wide range of movements. In order to overcome this issue, the presented study aims at the development of electrically conductive and elastic filaments based on a coating process suited for multifilament yarns made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The coating solution contains TPU, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) with varied concentrations of solids and electrically conductive particles. After applying the coating to TPU multifilament yarns, the mechanical and electrical properties are analyzed. A special focus is given to the electromechanical behavior of the coated yarns under mechanical strain loading. It is determined that the electrical conductivity is maintained even at elongations of up to 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Grellmann
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (M.B.); (F.M.L.); (I.K.); (A.N.); (C.C.)
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