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Nelson MT, Coia HG, Holt C, Greenwood ES, Narayanan L, Robinson PJ, Merrill EA, Litteral V, Goodson MS, Saldanha RJ, Grogg MW, Mauzy CA. Evaluation of Human Performance Aiding Live Synthetically Engineered Bacteria in a Gut-on-a-Chip. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5136-5150. [PMID: 36198112 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synbiotics are a new class of live therapeutics employing engineered genetic circuits. The rapid adoption of genetic editing tools has catalyzed the expansion of possible synbiotics, exceeding traditional testing paradigms in terms of both throughput and model complexity. Herein, we present a simplistic gut-chip model using common Caco2 and HT-29 cell lines to establish a dynamic human screening platform for a cortisol sensing tryptamine producing synbiotic for cognitive performance sustainment. The synbiotic, SYN, was engineered from the common probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 strain. It had the ability to sense cortisol at physiological concentrations, resulting in the activation of a genetic circuit that produces tryptophan decarboxylase and converts bioavailable tryptophan to tryptamine. SYN was successfully cultivated within the gut-chip showing log-phase growth comparable to the wild-type strain. Tryptophan metabolism occurred quickly in the gut compartment when exposed to 5 μM cortisol, resulting in the complete conversion of bioavailable tryptophan into tryptamine. The flux of tryptophan and tryptamine from the gut to the vascular compartment of the chip was delayed by 12 h, as indicated by the detectable tryptamine in the vascular compartment. The gut-chip provided a stable environment to characterize the sensitivity of the cortisol sensor and dynamic range by altering cortisol and tryptophan dosimetry. Collectively, the human gut-chip provided human relevant apparent permeability to assess tryptophan and tryptamine metabolism, production, and transport, enabled host analyses of cellular viability and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and succeeded in providing an efficacy test of a novel synbiotic. Organ-on-a-chip technology holds promise in aiding traditional therapeutic pipelines to more rapidly down select high potential compounds that reduce the failure rate and accelerate the opportunity for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tyler Nelson
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Heidi G Coia
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- National Research Council, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 500 Fifth Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20001, United States
| | - Corey Holt
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Eric S Greenwood
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Latha Narayanan
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - Peter J Robinson
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - Elaine A Merrill
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Vaughn Litteral
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Michael S Goodson
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Roland J Saldanha
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Matthew W Grogg
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Camilla A Mauzy
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
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Li BM, Reese BL, Ingram K, Huddleston ME, Jenkins M, Zaets A, Reuter M, Grogg MW, Nelson MT, Zhou Y, Ju B, Sennik B, Farrell ZJ, Jur JS, Tabor CE. Textile-Integrated Liquid Metal Electrodes for Electrophysiological Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200745. [PMID: 35734914 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Next generation textile-based wearable sensing systems will require flexibility and strength to maintain capabilities over a wide range of deformations. However, current material sets used for textile-based skin contacting electrodes lack these key properties, which hinder applications such as electrophysiological sensing. In this work, a facile spray coating approach to integrate liquid metal nanoparticle systems into textile form factors for conformal, flexible, and robust electrodes is presented. The liquid metal system employs functionalized liquid metal nanoparticles that provide a simple "peel-off to activate" means of imparting conductivity. The spray coating approach combined with the functionalized liquid metal system enables the creation of long-term reusable textile-integrated liquid metal electrodes (TILEs). Although the TILEs are dry electrodes by nature, they show equal skin-electrode impedances and sensing capabilities with improved wearability compared to commercial wet electrodes. Biocompatibility of TILEs in an in vivo skin environment is demonstrated, while providing improved sensing performance compared to previously reported textile-based dry electrodes. The "spray on dry-behave like wet" characteristics of TILEs opens opportunities for textile-based wearable health monitoring, haptics, and augmented/virtual reality applications that require the use of flexible and conformable dry electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden M Li
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.,Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA.,Air Force Life Cycle Management Center, Human Systems Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Brandon L Reese
- Department of Physics, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.,UES Inc, Dayton, OH, 45432, USA
| | - Katherine Ingram
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Mary E Huddleston
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Meghan Jenkins
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Allison Zaets
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Matthew Reuter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Matthew W Grogg
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - M Tyler Nelson
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Beomjun Ju
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Busra Sennik
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Zachary J Farrell
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA.,UES Inc, Dayton, OH, 45432, USA
| | - Jesse S Jur
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Christopher E Tabor
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
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Grogg MW, Braydich-Stolle LK, Maurer-Gardner EI, Hill NT, Sakaram S, Kadakia MP, Hussain SM. Modulation of miRNA-155 alters manganese nanoparticle-induced inflammatory response. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1733-1743. [PMID: 30090472 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00208k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression by non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), is increasingly being examined in a variety of disciplines. Here we evaluated changes in miRNA expression following metallic nanoparticle (NP) exposure in a mouse neuronal co-culture model. Exposure to manganese (Mn) NPs resulted in oxidative stress, inflammation, and toxicity. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) following an 8 h exposure to Mn NPs (low and high doses) revealed several miRNA candidates that modulate NP induced responses. The lead candidate identified was miR-155, which showed a dose dependent decrease in expression upon Mn exposure. Introduction of a miR-155 mimic into the co-culture to restore miR-155 expression completely abrogated the Mn NP-induced gene and protein expression of inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-6. Taken together, this study is the first report where global NP-induced miRNA expression changes were used to identify and then modulate negative impacts of metallic NP exposure in a neuronal model. These findings demonstrate that unique miRNA expression profiles provide novel targets for manipulating gene and protein expression, and therefore provide the potential of modifying cellular responses to NP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Grogg
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch , Bioeffects Division , Airman Systems Directorate , AFRL , 711 HPW/RHDJ , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , OH 45433 , USA . ; Tel: +1 (937) 904-9517
| | - Laura K Braydich-Stolle
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch , Bioeffects Division , Airman Systems Directorate , AFRL , 711 HPW/RHDJ , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , OH 45433 , USA . ; Tel: +1 (937) 904-9517
| | - Elizabeth I Maurer-Gardner
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch , Bioeffects Division , Airman Systems Directorate , AFRL , 711 HPW/RHDJ , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , OH 45433 , USA . ; Tel: +1 (937) 904-9517
| | - Natasha T Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Boonshoft School of Medicine , Wright State University , Dayton , OH 45435 , USA
| | - Suraj Sakaram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Boonshoft School of Medicine , Wright State University , Dayton , OH 45435 , USA
| | - Madhavi P Kadakia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Boonshoft School of Medicine , Wright State University , Dayton , OH 45435 , USA
| | - Saber M Hussain
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch , Bioeffects Division , Airman Systems Directorate , AFRL , 711 HPW/RHDJ , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , OH 45433 , USA . ; Tel: +1 (937) 904-9517
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Sampson LL, Davis AK, Grogg MW, Zheng Y. mTOR disruption causes intestinal epithelial cell defects and intestinal atrophy postinjury in mice. FASEB J 2015; 30:1263-75. [PMID: 26631481 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-278606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) drive small intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates stem and progenitor cell metabolism and is frequently dysregulated in human disease, but its physiologic functions in the mammalian small intestinal epithelium remain poorly defined. We disrupted the genes mTOR, Rptor, Rictor, or both Rptor and Rictor in mouse ISCs, progenitors, and differentiated intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) using Villin-Cre. Mutant tissues and wild-type or heterozygous littermate controls were analyzed by histologic immunostaining, immunoblots, and proliferation assays. A total of 10 Gy irradiation was used to injure the intestinal epithelium and induce subsequent crypt regeneration. We report that mTOR supports absorptive enterocytes and secretory Paneth and goblet cell function while negatively regulating chromogranin A-positive enteroendocrine cell number. Through additional Rptor, Rictor, and Rptor/Rictor mutant mouse models, we identify mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 as the major IEC regulatory pathway, but mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 also contributes to ileal villus maintenance and goblet cell size. Homeostatic adult small intestinal crypt cell proliferation, survival, and canonical wingless-int (WNT) activity are not mTOR dependent, but Olfm4(+) ISC/progenitor population maintenance and crypt regeneration postinjury require mTOR. Overall, we conclude that mTOR regulates multiple IEC lineages and promotes stem and progenitor cell activity during intestinal epithelium repair postinjury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leesa L Sampson
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashley K Davis
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew W Grogg
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Tsonis PA, Call MK, Grogg MW, Sartor MA, Taylor RR, Forge A, Fyffe R, Goldenberg R, Cowper-Sal-lari R, Tomlinson CR. MicroRNAs and regeneration: Let-7 members as potential regulators of dedifferentiation in lens and inner ear hair cell regeneration of the adult newt. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 362:940-5. [PMID: 17765873 PMCID: PMC2683343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are known to regulate the expression of many mRNAs by binding to complementary target sequences at the 3'UTRs. Because of such properties, miRNAs may regulate tissue-specific mRNAs as a cell undergoes transdifferentiation during regeneration. We have tested this hypothesis during lens and hair cell regeneration in newts using microarray analysis. We found that distinct sets of miRNAs are associated with lens and hair cell regeneration. Members of the let-7 family are expressed in both events and they are regulated in a similar fashion. All the let-7 members are down regulated during the initiation of regeneration, which is characterized by dedifferentiation of terminally differentiated cells. This is the first report to correlate expression of miRNAs as novel regulators of vertebrate regeneration, alluding to a novel mechanism whereby transdifferentiation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis A Tsonis
- Department of Biology and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-2320, USA.
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Makarev E, Call MK, Grogg MW, Atkinson DL, Milash B, Odelberg SJ, Tsonis PA. Gene expression signatures in the newt irises during lens regeneration. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:1865-70. [PMID: 17434491 PMCID: PMC1941784 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lens regeneration in adult newts is possible by transdifferentiation of the pigment epithelial cells (PECs) of the dorsal iris. The same cells in the ventral iris are not capable of such a process. To understand this difference in regenerative competency, we examined gene expression of 373 genes in the intact dorsal and ventral irises as well as in irises during the process of lens regeneration. We found similar signatures of gene expression in dorsal and ventral with several cases of even higher levels in the ventral iris. Such transcriptional activity in the regeneration-incompetent ventral iris was unexpected and calls for a revision of our views about mechanisms of lens regeneration induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Makarev
- Department of Biology and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-2320, USA
| | - Mindy K. Call
- Department of Biology and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-2320, USA
| | - Matthew W. Grogg
- Department of Biology and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-2320, USA
| | | | - Brett Milash
- University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | | | - Panagiotis A. Tsonis
- Department of Biology and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-2320, USA
- *Corresponding author: Fax: 1-937-2292021 E-mail address:
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Abstract
The newt is one of the few organisms that is able to undergo lens regeneration as an adult. This review will examine the signaling pathways that are involved in this amazing phenomenon. In addition to outlining the current research involved in elucidating the key signaling molecules in lens regeneration, we will also highlight some of the similarities and differences between lens regeneration and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Grogg
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-2320, USA
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Grogg MW, Call MK, Okamoto M, Vergara MN, Del Rio-Tsonis K, Tsonis PA. BMP inhibition-driven regulation of six-3 underlies induction of newt lens regeneration. Nature 2005; 438:858-62. [PMID: 16341014 PMCID: PMC1388258 DOI: 10.1038/nature04175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lens regeneration in adult newts is a classic example of how cells can faithfully regenerate a complete organ through the process of transdifferentiation. After lens removal, the pigment epithelial cells of the dorsal, but not the ventral, iris dedifferentiate and then differentiate to form a new lens. Understanding how this process is regulated might provide clues about why lens regeneration does not occur in higher vertebrates. The genes six-3 and pax-6 are known to induce ectopic lenses during embryogenesis. Here we tested these genes, as well as members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway that regulate establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis in embryos, for their ability to induce lens regeneration. We show that the lens can be regenerated from the ventral iris when the BMP pathway is inhibited and when the iris is transfected with six-3 and treated with retinoic acid. In intact irises, six-3 is expressed at higher levels in the ventral than in the dorsal iris. During regeneration, however, only expression in the dorsal iris is significantly increased. Such an increase is seen in ventral irises only when they are induced to transdifferentiate by six-3 and retinoic acid or by BMP inhibitors. These data suggest that lens regeneration can be achieved in noncompetent adult tissues and that this regeneration occurs through a gene regulatory mechanism that is more complex than the dorsal expression of lens regeneration-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Grogg
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45469-2320
| | - Mindy K. Call
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45469-2320
| | - Mitsumasa Okamoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464, Japan
| | | | | | - Panagiotis A. Tsonis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45469-2320
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Abstract
Lens regeneration in newts is a remarkable process, whereby a lost tissue is replaced by transdifferentiation of adult tissues that only a few organisms possess. In this review, we will touch on the approaches being used to study this phenomenon, recent advances in the field of lens regeneration, similarities and differences between development and regeneration, as well as the potential role stem cells may play in understanding this process.
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Abstract
Lens regeneration in adult mice is possible when the lens capsule is left behind after lentectomy. The lens is regenerated by the remaining adherent lens epithelial cells, which differentiate to form lens fibres within days, showing normal morphology and bow regions. Epithelial to mesenchymal cell transformation is also seen during the early stages. The mouse, therefore, can become an indispensable animal model for cataract research, surgery and therapy.
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