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Leskinen J, Hartikainen A, Väätäinen S, Ihalainen M, Virkkula A, Mesceriakovas A, Tiitta P, Miettinen M, Lamberg H, Czech H, Yli-Pirilä P, Tissari J, Jakobi G, Zimmermann R, Sippula O. Photochemical Aging Induces Changes in the Effective Densities, Morphologies, and Optical Properties of Combustion Aerosol Particles. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:5137-5148. [PMID: 36944040 PMCID: PMC10077587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Effective density (ρeff) is an important property describing particle transportation in the atmosphere and in the human respiratory tract. In this study, the particle size dependency of ρeff was determined for fresh and photochemically aged particles from residential combustion of wood logs and brown coal, as well as from an aerosol standard (CAST) burner. ρeff increased considerably due to photochemical aging, especially for soot agglomerates larger than 100 nm in mobility diameter. The increase depends on the presence of condensable vapors and agglomerate size and can be explained by collapsing of chain-like agglomerates and filling of their voids and formation of secondary coating. The measured and modeled particle optical properties suggest that while light absorption, scattering, and the single-scattering albedo of soot particle increase during photochemical processing, their radiative forcing remains positive until the amount of nonabsorbing coating exceeds approximately 90% of the particle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Leskinen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Anni Hartikainen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Sampsa Väätäinen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Mika Ihalainen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Aki Virkkula
- Atmospheric
Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological
Institute, Helsinki FI-00560, Finland
| | - Arunas Mesceriakovas
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Petri Tiitta
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
- Finnish
Meteorological Institute, Atmospheric Research
Centre of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Mirella Miettinen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Heikki Lamberg
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
and Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München 81379, Germany
| | - Pasi Yli-Pirilä
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Jarkko Tissari
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Gert Jakobi
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
and Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München 81379, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
and Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München 81379, Germany
| | - Olli Sippula
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu 80101, Finland
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2
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Puris E, Saveleva L, Górová V, Vartiainen P, Kortelainen M, Lamberg H, Sippula O, Malm T, Jalava PI, Auriola S, Fricker G, Kanninen KM. Air pollution exposure increases ABCB1 and ASCT1 transporter levels in mouse cortex. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 96:104003. [PMID: 36283621 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Membrane transporters are important for maintaining brain homeostasis by regulating the passage of solutes into, out of, and within the brain. Growing evidence suggests neurotoxic effects of air pollution exposure and its contribution to neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet limited knowledge is available on the exact cellular impacts of exposure. This study investigates how exposure to ubiquitous solid components of air pollution, ultrafine particles (UFPs), influence brain homeostasis by affecting protein levels of membrane transporters. Membrane transporters were quantified and compared in brain cortical samples of wild-type and the 5xFAD mouse model of AD in response to subacute exposure to inhaled UFPs. The cortical ASCT1 and ABCB1 transporter levels were elevated in wild-type and 5xFAD mice subjected to a 2-week UFP exposure paradigm, suggesting impairment of brain homeostatic mechanisms. This study provides new insight on the molecular mechanisms underlying adverse effects of air pollution on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Puris
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liudmila Saveleva
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Veronika Górová
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Petra Vartiainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Miika Kortelainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Heikki Lamberg
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Olli Sippula
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Pasi I Jalava
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
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3
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Ihantola T, Hirvonen MR, Ihalainen M, Hakkarainen H, Sippula O, Tissari J, Bauer S, Di Bucchianico S, Rastak N, Hartikainen A, Leskinen J, Yli-Pirilä P, Martikainen MV, Miettinen M, Suhonen H, Rönkkö TJ, Kortelainen M, Lamberg H, Czech H, Martens P, Orasche J, Michalke B, Yildirim AÖ, Jokiniemi J, Zimmermann R, Jalava PI. Genotoxic and inflammatory effects of spruce and brown coal briquettes combustion aerosols on lung cells at the air-liquid interface. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150489. [PMID: 34844316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Solid fuel usage in residential heating and cooking is one of the largest sources of ambient and indoor air particulate matter, which causes adverse effects on the health of millions of peoples worldwide. Emissions from solid fuel combustion, such as biomass or coal, are detrimental to health, but toxicological responses are largely unknown. In the present study, we compared the toxicological responses regarding cytotoxicity, inflammation and genotoxicity of spruce (SPR) and brown coal briquette (BCB) combustion aerosols on human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) as well as a coculture of A549 and differentiated human monocytic cells (THP-1) into macrophages exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI). We included both the high emissions from the first hour and moderate emissions from the third hour of the batch combustion experiment in one ALI system, whereas, in the second ALI system, we exposed the cells during the whole 4-hour combustion experiment, including all combustion phases. Physico-chemical properties of the combustion aerosol were analysed both online and offline. Both SPR and BCB combustion aerosols caused mild cytotoxic but notable genotoxic effects in co-cultured A549 cells after one-hour exposure. Inflammatory response analysis revealed BCB combustion aerosols to cause a mild increase in CXCL1 and CXCL8 levels, but in the case of SPR combustion aerosol, a decrease compared to control was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuukka Ihantola
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | - Mika Ihalainen
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Hakkarainen
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Sippula
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Tissari
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefanie Bauer
- Comprehensive Molecular Analytics and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Gmunder Str. 37, D-81379 München, Germany
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Comprehensive Molecular Analytics and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Gmunder Str. 37, D-81379 München, Germany
| | - Narges Rastak
- Comprehensive Molecular Analytics and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Gmunder Str. 37, D-81379 München, Germany
| | - Anni Hartikainen
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jani Leskinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Yli-Pirilä
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Mirella Miettinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Suhonen
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu J Rönkkö
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miika Kortelainen
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Lamberg
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Comprehensive Molecular Analytics and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Gmunder Str. 37, D-81379 München, Germany; Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Rostock University, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Patrick Martens
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Rostock University, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- Comprehensive Molecular Analytics and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Gmunder Str. 37, D-81379 München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Comprehensive Molecular Analytics and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Gmunder Str. 37, D-81379 München, Germany; Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Rostock University, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Pasi I Jalava
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
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4
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Saveleva L, Vartiainen P, Górová V, Chew S, Belaya I, Konttinen H, Zucchelli M, Korhonen P, Kaartinen E, Kortelainen M, Lamberg H, Sippula O, Malm T, Jalava PI, Kanninen KM. Subacute Inhalation of Ultrafine Particulate Matter Triggers Inflammation Without Altering Amyloid Beta Load in 5xFAD mice. Neurotoxicology 2022; 89:55-66. [PMID: 34999154 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies reveal that air pollution exposure may exacerbate neurodegeneration. Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are pollutants that remain unregulated in ambient air by environmental agencies. Due to their small size (<100 nm), UFPs have the most potential to cross the bodily barriers and thus impact the brain. However, little information exists about how UFPs affect brain function. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which has been linked to air pollutant exposure, yet limited information is available on the mechanistic connection between them. This study aims to decipher the effects of UFPs in the brain and periphery using the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. In our study design, AD mice and their wildtype littermates were subjected to 2-weeks inhalation exposure of UFPs in a whole-body chamber. That subacute exposure did not affect the amyloid-beta accumulation. However, when multiple cytokines were analyzed, we found increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain and periphery, with a predominant alteration of interferon-gamma in response to UFP exposure in both genotypes. Following exposure, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase was significantly upregulated only in the 5xFAD hippocampi, depicting oxidative stress induction in the exposed AD mouse group. These data demonstrate that short-term exposure to inhaled UFPs induces inflammation without affecting amyloid-beta load. This study provides a better understanding of adverse effects caused by short-term UFP exposure in the brain and periphery, also in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Saveleva
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Petra Vartiainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Veronika Górová
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Sweelin Chew
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Irina Belaya
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Henna Konttinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Martina Zucchelli
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Paula Korhonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Emma Kaartinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Miika Kortelainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Heikki Lamberg
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Olli Sippula
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Pasi I Jalava
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland.
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5
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Ihantola T, Di Bucchianico S, Happo M, Ihalainen M, Uski O, Bauer S, Kuuspalo K, Sippula O, Tissari J, Oeder S, Hartikainen A, Rönkkö TJ, Martikainen MV, Huttunen K, Vartiainen P, Suhonen H, Kortelainen M, Lamberg H, Leskinen A, Sklorz M, Michalke B, Dilger M, Weiss C, Dittmar G, Beckers J, Irmler M, Buters J, Candeias J, Czech H, Yli-Pirilä P, Abbaszade G, Jakobi G, Orasche J, Schnelle-Kreis J, Kanashova T, Karg E, Streibel T, Passig J, Hakkarainen H, Jokiniemi J, Zimmermann R, Hirvonen MR, Jalava PI. Influence of wood species on toxicity of log-wood stove combustion aerosols: a parallel animal and air-liquid interface cell exposure study on spruce and pine smoke. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:27. [PMID: 32539833 PMCID: PMC7296712 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wood combustion emissions have been studied previously either by in vitro or in vivo models using collected particles, yet most studies have neglected gaseous compounds. Furthermore, a more accurate and holistic view of the toxicity of aerosols can be gained with parallel in vitro and in vivo studies using direct exposure methods. Moreover, modern exposure techniques such as air-liquid interface (ALI) exposures enable better assessment of the toxicity of the applied aerosols than, for example, the previous state-of-the-art submerged cell exposure techniques. Methods We used three different ALI exposure systems in parallel to study the toxicological effects of spruce and pine combustion emissions in human alveolar epithelial (A549) and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cell lines. A whole-body mouse inhalation system was also used to expose C57BL/6 J mice to aerosol emissions. Moreover, gaseous and particulate fractions were studied separately in one of the cell exposure systems. After exposure, the cells and animals were measured for various parameters of cytotoxicity, inflammation, genotoxicity, transcriptome and proteome. Results We found that diluted (1:15) exposure pine combustion emissions (PM1 mass 7.7 ± 6.5 mg m− 3, 41 mg MJ− 1) contained, on average, more PM and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) than spruce (PM1 mass 4.3 ± 5.1 mg m− 3, 26 mg MJ− 1) emissions, which instead showed a higher concentration of inorganic metals in the emission aerosol. Both A549 cells and mice exposed to these emissions showed low levels of inflammation but significantly increased genotoxicity. Gaseous emission compounds produced similar genotoxicity and a higher inflammatory response than the corresponding complete combustion emission in A549 cells. Systems biology approaches supported the findings, but we detected differing responses between in vivo and in vitro experiments. Conclusions Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo exposure studies with emission characterization and systems biology approaches revealed further information on the effects of combustion aerosol toxicity than could be achieved with either method alone. Interestingly, in vitro and in vivo exposures showed the opposite order of the highest DNA damage. In vitro measurements also indicated that the gaseous fraction of emission aerosols may be more important in causing adverse toxicological effects. Combustion aerosols of different wood species result in mild but aerosol specific in vitro and in vivo effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuukka Ihantola
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mikko Happo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Ramboll Finland, P.O.Box 25 Itsehallintokuja 3, FI-02601, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mika Ihalainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Oskari Uski
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefanie Bauer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kari Kuuspalo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Present address: Savonia University of applied sciences, Microkatu 1, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Sippula
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Tissari
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sebastian Oeder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anni Hartikainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu J Rönkkö
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria-Viola Martikainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Huttunen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petra Vartiainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Suhonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miika Kortelainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Lamberg
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari Leskinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Finnish Meteorological Institute, Yliopistonranta 1 F, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenzweg 2, D-18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marco Dilger
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Luxembourg institute of health, 1A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Buters
- ZAUM - Center of Allergy & Environment, Technical University Munich/Helmholtz Center Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, D-80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Joana Candeias
- ZAUM - Center of Allergy & Environment, Technical University Munich/Helmholtz Center Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, D-80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pasi Yli-Pirilä
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gülcin Abbaszade
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gert Jakobi
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Kanashova
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenzweg 2, D-18051, Rostock, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, D-13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erwin Karg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Streibel
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenzweg 2, D-18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Passig
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenzweg 2, D-18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Henri Hakkarainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenzweg 2, D-18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi I Jalava
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland
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Räsänen K, Lamberg H, Lakka OBOT, Arikoski P, Piippo-Savolainen E. FRI0470 CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS IN JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS IN 6 – 17-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN- CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have been found to have reduced cardiorespiratory fitness and lower physical activity. Poor cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with a risk of cardiometabolic diseases.Objectives:The aim of this study was to study the levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, respiratory function and hemodynamic responses during and after maximal cycle ergometer exercise test in children with JIA aged 6-17 years and compare the results with healthy controls.Methods:Study group in this analysis consisted of 43 patients with JIA who were treated in Department of Pediatrics in Kuopio University Hospital, Finland and 40 healthy age- and sex matched controls. Maximal exercise tests were carried out with an electromagnetic cycle ergometer using a pediatric saddle module. Maximal workload per kilogram (Wmax/kg) was used as a measure of cardiorespiratory fitness and was presented relative to bodyweight. In addition the peak values of VO2per kilogram (VO2max/kg) were used as a measure of highest amount of oxygen that an individual can consume during exercise. Values of VO2maxwere collected from respiratory gases measured directly from breath by breath method and was presented relative to body weight.Physical activity and sedentary behavior (minutes per day) was assessed by the PANIC (Physical activity and nutrition in children -study) Physical Activity Questionnaire which the participants filled.Results:Statistical analyses were performed for 43 children with JIA and 40 controls. Mean age in JIA group was 12.09 years (95%Cl 11.04-13.14), and 11.72 years (95%CI 10.52-12.93) in controls (p=0.572). Mean body mass index for age (BMI) was 22.58 kg/m2(95%CI 21.54-23.62) in JIA and 18.95 kg/m2(95%CI 17.73-20.16) in controls (p<0.05). In JIA group BMI was 19.18 % higher compared to controls. Mean physical activity in JIA group was 94.11 minutes per day (95% Cl 81.09-107.13), and 122.54 minutes per day (95% CI 102.84-142.24) in controls, thus JIA group was 23.20 % less physically active than controls (p=0.015).Mean Wmax/kg was 2.65 W/kg (95% CI 2.49-2.82) in JIA and 3.01 W/kg (95%CI 2.86-3.15) in controls thus Wmax/kg in JIA was 0.36 W/kg (11.8 %) lower than in controls, (p = 0.002). VO2max/kg was 37.00 (95%CI 33.96-40.84) ml/kg/min in JIA and 43.30 (95%CI 40.79-45.82) ml/kg/min in controls thus in JIA group mean VO2max/kg was 6.3 ml/kg/min (14.4 %) lower than in controls (p=0.001).Conclusion:Children with JIA were found to have significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness. In addition, BMI in JIA patients was higher compared to healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Impaired cardiorespiratory fitness and higher BMI may predispose children with JIA to cardiometabolic comorbidities later in life. In addition to disease-control, more attention should be paid to maintaining good cardiorespiratory fitness and normal BMI in these patients already before adulthood.References:[1]M Nørgaard, M Twilt, LB Andersen & T Herlin (2016) Accelerometry-based monitoring of daily physical activity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 45:3, 179-187,[2]Maggio, A.B.R., Hofer, M.F., Martin, X.E. et al. Reduced physical activity level and cardiorespiratory fitness in children with chronic diseases. Eur J Pediatr 169, 1187–1193 (2010)[3]Bohr, AH., Fuhlbrigge, R.C., Pedersen, F.K. et al. Premature subclinical atherosclerosis in children and young adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A review considering preventive measures. Pediatr Rheumatol (2016)14: 3.Acknowledgments:Panu Karjalainen1, Timo Pitkänen1, Anneli Paloranta2, Kirsi Saastamoinen11University of Eastern Finland 2 Kuopio university hospital, FinlandDisclosure of Interests:None declared
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Uski O, Jalava PI, Happo MS, Torvela T, Leskinen J, Mäki-Paakkanen J, Tissari J, Sippula O, Lamberg H, Jokiniemi J, Hirvonen MR. Effect of fuel zinc content on toxicological responses of particulate matter from pellet combustion in vitro. Sci Total Environ 2015; 511:331-340. [PMID: 25553547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Significant amounts of transition metals such as zinc, cadmium and copper can become enriched in the fine particle fraction during biomass combustion with Zn being one of the most abundant transition metals in wood combustion. These metals may have an important role in the toxicological properties of particulate matter (PM). Indeed, many epidemiological studies have found associations between mortality and PM Zn content. The role of Zn toxicity on combustion PM was investigated. Pellets enriched with 170, 480 and 2300 mg Zn/kg of fuel were manufactured. Emission samples were generated using a pellet boiler and the four types of PM samples; native, Zn-low, Zn-medium and Zn-high were collected with an impactor from diluted flue gas. The RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line was exposed for 24h to different doses (15, 50,150 and 300 μg ml(-1)) of the emission samples to investigate their ability to cause cytotoxicity, to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), to altering the cell cycle and to trigger genotoxicity as well as to promote inflammation. Zn enriched pellets combusted in a pellet boiler produced emission PM containing ZnO. Even the Zn-low sample caused extensive cell cycle arrest and there was massive cell death of RAW 264.7 macrophages at the two highest PM doses. Moreover, only the Zn-enriched emission samples induced a dose dependent ROS response in the exposed cells. Inflammatory responses were at a low level but macrophage inflammatory protein 2 reached a statistically significant level after exposure of RAW 264.7 macrophages to ZnO containing emission particles. ZnO content of the samples was associated with significant toxicity in almost all measured endpoints. Thus, ZnO may be a key component producing toxicological responses in the PM emissions from efficient wood combustion. Zn as well as the other transition metals, may contribute a significant amount to the ROS responses evoked by ambient PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Uski
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - P I Jalava
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - M S Happo
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - T Torvela
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - J Leskinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - J Mäki-Paakkanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - J Tissari
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - O Sippula
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - H Lamberg
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - J Jokiniemi
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
| | - M-R Hirvonen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
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Leskinen J, Ihalainen M, Torvela T, Kortelainen M, Lamberg H, Tiitta P, Jakobi G, Grigonyte J, Joutsensaari J, Sippula O, Tissari J, Virtanen A, Zimmermann R, Jokiniemi J. Effective density and morphology of particles emitted from small-scale combustion of various wood fuels. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:13298-13306. [PMID: 25365741 DOI: 10.1021/es502214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effective density of fine particles emitted from small-scale wood combustion of various fuels were determined with a system consisting of an aerosol particle mass analyzer and a scanning mobility particle sizer (APM-SMPS). A novel sampling chamber was combined to the system to enable measurements of highly fluctuating combustion processes. In addition, mass-mobility exponents (relates mass and mobility size) were determined from the density data to describe the shape of the particles. Particle size, type of fuel, combustion phase, and combustion conditions were found to have an effect on the effective density and the particle shape. For example, steady combustion phase produced agglomerates with effective density of roughly 1 g cm(-3) for small particles, decreasing to 0.25 g cm(-3) for 400 nm particles. The effective density was higher for particles emitted from glowing embers phase (ca. 1-2 g cm(-3)), and a clear size dependency was not observed as the particles were nearly spherical in shape. This study shows that a single value cannot be used for the effective density of particles emitted from wood combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Leskinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Frey AK, Saarnio K, Lamberg H, Mylläri F, Karjalainen P, Teinilä K, Carbone S, Tissari J, Niemelä V, Häyrinen A, Rautiainen J, Kytömäki J, Artaxo P, Virkkula A, Pirjola L, Rönkkö T, Keskinen J, Jokiniemi J, Hillamo R. Optical and chemical characterization of aerosols emitted from coal, heavy and light fuel oil, and small-scale wood combustion. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 48:827-836. [PMID: 24328080 DOI: 10.1021/es4028698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Particle emissions affect radiative forcing in the atmosphere. Therefore, it is essential to know the physical and chemical characteristics of them. This work studied the chemical, physical, and optical characteristics of particle emissions from small-scale wood combustion, coal combustion of a heating and power plant, as well as heavy and light fuel oil combustion at a district heating station. Fine particle (PM1) emissions were the highest in wood combustion with a high fraction of absorbing material. The emissions were lowest from coal combustion mostly because of efficient cleaning techniques used at the power plant. The chemical composition of aerosols from coal and oil combustion included mostly ions and trace elements with a rather low fraction of absorbing material. The single scattering albedo and aerosol forcing efficiency showed that primary particles emitted from wood combustion and some cases of oil combustion would have a clear climate warming effect even over dark earth surfaces. Instead, coal combustion particle emissions had a cooling effect. Secondary processes in the atmosphere will further change the radiative properties of these emissions but are not considered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Frey
- Air Quality, Finnish Meteorological Institute , P.O. Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
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Tapanainen M, Jalava PI, Mäki-Paakkanen J, Hakulinen P, Lamberg H, Ruusunen J, Tissari J, Jokiniemi J, Hirvonen MR. Efficiency of log wood combustion affects the toxicological and chemical properties of emission particles. Inhal Toxicol 2012; 24:343-55. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.671858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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