1
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Chen S, Liang F, Jin L, Ji C, Xu N, Qian K, Guo W. A molecularly engineered fully bio-derived phosphorylated furan-based flame retardant for biomass-based fabrics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:129836. [PMID: 38307435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the demand for eco-friendly bio-derived flame-retardant for textiles has received increasing attention. In this work, a fully bio-derived phosphorylated furan-based flame retardant (FAP) was synthesized by the Schiff reaction of furan-based compounds (furfural and furfurylamine). To evaluate the application scope and flame retardant efficiency of FAP, cotton fabrics and PLA nonwovens were selected as biomass-based representatives of natural fiber materials and synthetic fiber materials, respectively. Significantly, based on the composition of furan ring, phosphorus and nitrogen containing components of FAP, excellent charring and flame retardant properties of coated cotton fabrics and PLA nonwovens can be expected. TGA results showed that the residual char of C-FAP-3 and P-FAP-3 were 39.7% (increased by 267.6%) and 16.7% (increased by 215.1%), respectively, higher than those of control cotton (10.8%) and PLA nonwoven (5.3%). Cone test results exhibited that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) values of C-FAP-3 were sharply decreased by 69.4% and 37.8%, respectively. P-FAP-3 also displayed a significant reduction in PHRR, implying high flame retardancy of C-FAP-3 and P-FAP-3. Notably, through the weight gains of FAP coating on cotton and PLA as well as the final LOI and VBT results of the flame retardant treated fabrics, it can be preliminarily inferred that control cotton fabrics are more likely to achieve better flame retardant effects than PLA. Additionally, the facile synthetic strategy of fully bio-derived flame retardants is expected to promote the development of green flame retardant strategies for high-performance textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fuwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chenpeng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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2
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Wang J, Yu S, Xiao S. Research progress of triazine flame retardants. Macromol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-023-00157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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3
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Gao Y, Li J. Highly efficient, durable and eco-friendly intumescent flame retardant for wool fabrics. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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4
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Zhu W, Yang M, Wang Q, Zhang X, Li D, Xu Z, Liu S, Dai Z. An amino trimethylene phosphonic acid‐based chelated boric acid complex that works as a synergistic flame retardant for enhancing the flame retardancy of cotton fabrics. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin PR China
| | - Mingyang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin PR China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin PR China
| | - Dongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin PR China
| | - Zelong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin PR China
| | - Shuixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin PR China
| | - Zhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin PR China
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5
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Han X, Guo Y, Cai H, Li X, Ding J, Zhao X, Zhou H, Guo W, Huang W, Zhao T. Synergistic effects of a half‐cage and cage structure phosphorus and nitrogen‐containing
POSS
with tetrabutyl titanate on flame retardancy of vinyl epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute Luoyang Henan Province China
| | - Xiang Li
- Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute Luoyang Henan Province China
| | - Jiangnan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Wantao Guo
- Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute Luoyang Henan Province China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
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6
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Qin Y, Li M, Huang T, Shen C, Gao S. A study on the modification of polypropylene by a star-shaped intumescent flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitrogen. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Paul B, Mahmud-Ali A, Lenninger M, Eberle S, Bernt I, Mayer D, Bechtold T. Silica incorporated cellulose fibres as green concept for textiles with reduced flammability. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Synthesis of Novel Arginine-Based Flame Retardant and Its Application in Lyocell Fabric. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123588. [PMID: 34208392 PMCID: PMC8231223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyocell fabrics are widely applied in textiles, however, its high flammability increases the risk of fire. Therefore, to resolve the issue, a novel biomass-based flame retardant with phosphorus and nitrogen elements was designed and synthesized by the reaction of arginine with phosphoric acid and urea. It was then grafted onto the lyocell fabric by a dip-dry-cure technique to prepare durable flame-retardant lyocell fabric (FR-lyocell). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis demonstrated that the flame retardant was successfully introduced into the lyocell sample. Thermogravimetric (TG) and Raman analyses confirmed that the modified lyocell fabric featured excellent thermal stability and significantly increased char residue. Vertical combustion results indicated that FR-lyocell before and after washing formed a complete and dense char layer. Thermogravimetric Fourier-transform infrared (TG-FTIR) analysis suggested that incombustible substances (such as H2O and CO2) were produced and played a significant fire retarding role in the gas phase. The cone calorimeter test corroborated that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) declined by 89.4% and 56.4%, respectively. These results indicated that the flame retardancy of the lyocell fabric was observably ameliorated.
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9
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Chen Y, Liu S, Wan C, Zhang G. Facile synthesis of a high efficiency and durability L-citrulline flame retardant for cotton. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1429-1438. [PMID: 33171180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel flame retardant (FR), the ammonium salt of citrulline-penta (methylphosphonic acid) (ACPMPA) based on L-citrulline was synthesized, and its structure was characterized by 13C, 1H, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The ACPMPA flame retardant molecule contains five ammonium salts of phosphorus acid and one ammonium salt of carboxylic acid, which allowed the covalent attachment of ACPMPA onto cellulose via -P=O(-O-C) and -COOC bonds. The results showed that the treated cotton fabrics had very high flame retardance and excellent durability. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of cotton fabric treated with 35%-ACPMPA reached 49.2% and only decreased to 34.2% after 50 laundry cycles. Vertical flame tests also demonstrated that the treated cotton fabric acquired good flame retardance. The thermogravimetry (TG) and TG-IR results showed that the treated cotton left more residues and released almost no flammable volatiles at high temperatures. The cone calorimetry results showed that the treated cotton released less heat than pure cotton. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results demonstrated that the structure of the treated cotton fabric was almost unchanged, and no free formaldehyde was detected, indicating that the treated cotton was safe. The treated cotton fabric also retained good tensile strength and whiteness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- College of Textile and Garments, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shidong Liu
- College of Textile and Garments, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Caiyan Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- College of Textile and Garments, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing 400715, China.
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10
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Ling C, Guo L. Preparation of a flame-retardant coating based on solvent-free synthesis with high efficiency and durability on cotton fabric. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Preparation of a Novel Flame Retardant Formulation for Cotton Fabric. MATERIALS 2019; 13:ma13010054. [PMID: 31861898 PMCID: PMC6981709 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel halogen-free flame-retardant formulation was prepared and coated onto cotton fabrics. The structure of phosphorus compounds in the system was characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Results from the ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses presented that the flame retardant was coated successfully onto a cotton surface. We investigated the thermal stability and fire-retardant behaviors of cotton fabrics using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and the vertical flame test. We also discuss the mechanism of flame retardance of coated cotton fabrics.
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12
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Beduini A, Carosio F, Ferruti P, Ranucci E, Alongi J. Sulfur-Based Copolymeric Polyamidoamines as Efficient Flame-Retardants for Cotton. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1904. [PMID: 31752336 PMCID: PMC6918177 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyamidoamine derived from N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (M) and glycine (G), M-G, has been shown to be an effective flame-retardant (FR) for cotton in horizontal flame spread tests (HFST), extinguishing the flame at 5% add-on. Its activity was attributed to its intrinsic intumescence. In vertical flame spread tests (VFST), M-G failed to extinguish the flame even at 30% add-on. Conversely, in VFST, the polyamidoamine derived from M and cystine (C), M-C, inhibited cotton combustion at 16% add-on, but in HFST failed to extinguish the flame below 12% add-on. Its activity was ascribed to the release of sulfur-containing volatiles acting as radical scavengers. In this work, the FR effectiveness of M-Gm-Cn copolymers with different G/C ratio was compared with that of the M-G and M-C homopolymers and of M-G/M-C blends of the same compositions. In HFST, both copolymers and blends extinguished the flame. In particular, M-G50-C50 and (M-G/M-C)50/50 extinguished the flame, even at 7% add-on. In VFST, the copolymers with ≥50% M-C units, similar to M-C, inhibited cotton combustion at 16% add-on. At the same add-on, the M-G/M-C blends failed to extinguish the flame. It may be concluded that, in contrast to blends, copolymers combined the merits of both homopolymers in all tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Beduini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.B.); (P.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Federico Carosio
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria campus, viale T. Michel, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Paolo Ferruti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.B.); (P.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Ranucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.B.); (P.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Jenny Alongi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.B.); (P.F.); (E.R.)
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13
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Dong X, Xing T, Chen G. Durable Antipilling Modification of Cotton Fabric with Chloropyrimidine Compounds. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1697. [PMID: 31623203 PMCID: PMC6836099 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton fabric, a natural cellulose material, is widely used in the textile industry for its excellent properties. However, its application in some fields are seriously restricted because of its poor antipilling behavior. In this study, cotton fabrics were modified with 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine (TLP), 2,4-dichloro-5-methoxypyrimidine (DMP), and 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyridine (ADP). The surface morphology and chemical structure of the modified cotton fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the antipilling behavior, dyeing properties, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of modified cotton fabric were evaluated. The results showed that chloropyrimidine compounds were successfully grafted onto the surface of the cotton fabric, leading to excellent and durable antipilling activity of grade 3-4 even after 10 washes. Moreover, compared with control cotton fabric, the heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) of TLP-modified cotton fabric decreased to 173.2 W/g (42.3% reduction) and 11.3 KJ/g (13.7% reduction), respectively. In addition, the increased K/S value of modified cotton fabrics dyed with reactive dyes indicated that the modification can enhance the dyability of cotton fabric. This technique provides a simple and versatile method for improving the antipilling behavior of cellulosic materials and supports further preparation of functional textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Tieling Xing
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Salmeia KA, Neels A, Parida D, Lehner S, Rentsch D, Gaan S. Insight into the Synthesis and Characterization of Organophosphorus-Based Bridged Triazine Compounds. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142672. [PMID: 31340573 PMCID: PMC6681112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report the synthesis of 2,4,6-substituted s-triazine-based organophosphorus compounds via a two-step process, which enables their production in high yields, and with a high purity as solids. In the first step, a Michaelis–Arbuzov rearrangement of cyanuric chloride with triethyl phosphite afforded 2,4,6-trisdiethoxyphosphinyl-1,3,5-triazine (HEPT). Subsequently, the nucleophilic substitution reaction on the triazine carbon was achieved, owing to the electron-withdrawing ability of the phosphonate groups. This characteristic of HEPT facilitated its derivatization with bi-functional amines, producing novel P–C containing bridged triazine organophosphorus compounds. The molecular structures of all of the compounds were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, CHN elemental analysis, and single crystal X-ray analysis. In the thermogravimetric analysis in an N2 environment, >33% char formation was observed for the bridged compounds. The chemical composition analysis of the char obtained under the oxidative thermal decomposition of the bridged compounds confirmed the presence of phosphorus- and nitrogen-enriched species, which indicate their function in the condensed phase. Comparatively, the detection of HPO and H–C≡P in the gas phase during the pyrolysis of the bridged compounds can act as a source for PO•, which is known for its gas phase flame inhibition reactions. The synergy of significant char formation and the generation of intermediates leading to PO• during pyrolysis makes these molecules promising flame-retardant additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalifah A Salmeia
- Additives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Antonia Neels
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Dambarudhar Parida
- Additives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Lehner
- Additives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rentsch
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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15
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Huang S, Feng Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Zhang F, Zhang G. A novel high whiteness flame retardant for cotton. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Li S, Zhong L, Huang S, Wang D, Zhang F, Zhang G. A novel flame retardant with reactive ammonium phosphate groups and polymerizing ability for preparing durable flame retardant and stiff cotton fabric. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Gao D, Zhang Y, Lyu B, Wang P, Ma J. Nanocomposite based on poly(acrylic acid) / attapulgite towards flame retardant of cotton fabrics. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:245-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Zhang F, Gao W, Jia Y, Lu Y, Zhang G. A concise water-solvent synthesis of highly effective, durable, and eco-friendly flame-retardant coating on cotton fabrics. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:256-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Zhang S, Ji W, Han Y, Gu X, Li H, Sun J. Flame-retardant expandable polystyrene foams coated with ethanediol-modified melamine-formaldehyde resin and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Wenfei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
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20
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Feng Y, Zhou Y, Li D, He S, Zhang F, Zhang G. A plant-based reactive ammonium phytate for use as a flame-retardant for cotton fabric. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:636-644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Preparation of a halogen-free P/N/Si flame retardant monomer with reactive siloxy groups and its application in cotton fabrics. Chin J Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Wendels S, Chavez T, Bonnet M, Salmeia KA, Gaan S. Recent Developments in Organophosphorus Flame Retardants Containing P-C Bond and Their Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E784. [PMID: 28773147 PMCID: PMC5551827 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds containing P-C bonds are increasingly developed as flame retardant additives due to their excellent thermal and hydrolytic stability and ease of synthesis. The latest development (since 2010) in organophosphorus flame retardants containing P-C bonds summarized in this review. In this review, we have broadly classified such phosphorus compounds based on the carbon unit linked to the phosphorus atom i.e., could be a part of either an aliphatic or an aromatic unit. We have only considered those published literature where a P-C bond was created as a part of synthetic strategy to make either an intermediate or a final organophosphorus compound with an aim to use it as a flame retardant. General synthetic strategies to create P-C bonds are briefly discussed. Most popular synthetic strategies used for developing P-C containing phosphorus based flame retardants include Michael addition, Michaelis-Arbuzov, Friedels-Crafts and Grignard reactions. In general, most flame retardant derivatives discussed in this review have been prepared via a one- to two-step synthetic strategy with relatively high yields greater than 80%. Specific examples of P-C containing flame retardants synthesized via suitable synthetic strategy and their applications on various polymer systems are described in detail. Aliphatic phosphorus compounds being liquids or low melting solids are generally applied in polymers via coatings (cellulose) or are incorporated in the bulk of the polymers (epoxy, polyurethanes) during their polymerization as reactive or non-reactive additives. Substituents on the P atoms and the chemistry of the polymer matrix greatly influence the flame retardant behavior of these compounds (condensed phase vs. the gas phase). Recently, aromatic DOPO based phosphinate flame retardants have been developed with relatively higher thermal stabilities (>250 °C). Such compounds have potential as flame retardants for high temperature processable polymers such as polyesters and polyamides. A vast variety of P-C bond containing efficient flame retardants are being developed; however, further work in terms of their economical synthetic methods, detailed impact on mechanical properties and processability, long term durability and their toxicity and environmental impact is much needed for their potential commercial exploitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Wendels
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Thiebault Chavez
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Bonnet
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Khalifah A Salmeia
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Wang C, Wu Y, Li Y, Shao Q, Yan X, Han C, Wang Z, Liu Z, Guo Z. Flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam with a phosphorus-nitrogen single intumescent flame retardant. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; North University of China; No. 3 Xueyuan Road Taiyuan Shanxi 030051 PR China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; North University of China; No. 3 Xueyuan Road Taiyuan Shanxi 030051 PR China
| | - Yingchun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; North University of China; No. 3 Xueyuan Road Taiyuan Shanxi 030051 PR China
| | - Qian Shao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266590 China
| | - Xingru Yan
- Integrated Composites Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Cui Han
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266590 China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Xavier University of Louisiana; New Orleans Louisiana 70125 USA
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Physics and Engineering; Frostburg State University; Frostburg Maryland 21532 USA
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
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Salmeia KA, Gaan S, Malucelli G. Recent Advances for Flame Retardancy of Textiles Based on Phosphorus Chemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8090319. [PMID: 30974592 PMCID: PMC6432008 DOI: 10.3390/polym8090319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims at updating the progress on the phosphorus-based flame retardants specifically designed and developed for fibers and fabrics (particularly referring to cotton, polyester and their blends) over the last five years. Indeed, as clearly depicted by Horrocks in a recent review, the world of flame retardants for textiles is still experiencing some changes that are focused on topics like the improvement of its effectiveness and the replacement of toxic chemical products with counterparts that have low environmental impact and, hence, are more sustainable. In this context, phosphorus-based compounds play a key role and may lead, possibly in combination with silicon- or nitrogen-containing structures, to the design of new, efficient flame retardants for fibers and fabrics. Therefore, this review thoroughly describes the advances and the potentialities offered by the phosphorus-based products recently developed at a lab-scale, highlighting the current limitations, open challenges and some perspectives toward their possible exploitation at a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalifah A Salmeia
- Additives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen CH-9014, Switzerland.
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen CH-9014, Switzerland.
| | - Giulio Malucelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Local INSTM Unit, Politecnico di Torino, Viale T. Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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