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Ma DX, Yin GZ, Ye W, Jiang Y, Wang N, Wang DY. Exploiting Waste towards More Sustainable Flame-Retardant Solutions for Polymers: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2266. [PMID: 38793331 PMCID: PMC11123196 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The development of sustainable flame retardants is gaining momentum due to their enhanced safety attributes and environmental compatibility. One effective strategy is to use waste materials as a primary source of chemical components, which can help mitigate environmental issues associated with traditional flame retardants. This paper reviews recent research in flame retardancy for waste flame retardants, categorizing them based on waste types like industrial, food, and plant waste. The paper focuses on recent advancements in this area, focusing on their impact on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties of polymeric materials. The study also provides a summary of functionalization methodologies used and key factors involved in modifying polymer systems. Finally, their major challenges and prospects for the future are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Xin Ma
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (D.-X.M.); (Y.J.); (N.W.)
| | - Guang-Zhong Yin
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1.800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Wen Ye
- Sino-Spanish Joint Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200062, China;
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Functional FR Materials, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200062, China
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yan Jiang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (D.-X.M.); (Y.J.); (N.W.)
- Shenyang Research Institute of Industrial Technology for Advanced Coating Materials, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Na Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (D.-X.M.); (Y.J.); (N.W.)
- Shenyang Research Institute of Industrial Technology for Advanced Coating Materials, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - De-Yi Wang
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1.800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
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Xiao F, Fontaine G, Li K, Bourbigot S. Solid‐state
NMR
characterization of multi‐component intumescent flame retardant polybutylene succinate formulations. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 ‐ UMET ‐ Unité Matériaux et Transformations Lille France
| | - Gaëlle Fontaine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 ‐ UMET ‐ Unité Matériaux et Transformations Lille France
| | - Kaiyuan Li
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Serge Bourbigot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 ‐ UMET ‐ Unité Matériaux et Transformations Lille France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) Paris France
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3
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Liu Q, Feng D, Zhao W, Xie D, Mei Y. A green, effective, and synergistic flame retardant for poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Zhang T, Jiang H, Shang S, Zhang K, Gao W. Synthesis of aluminum hydroxide/Zinc borate composite inhibitor and its inhibition effect on aluminum dust explosion. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Xiao F, Fontaine G, Bourbigot S. A highly efficient intumescent polybutylene succinate: flame retardancy and mechanistic aspects. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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7
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Facile synthesis of phytic acid and aluminum hydroxide chelate-mediated hybrid complex toward fire safety of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Shi H, Wang Z, Ouyang Q, Hao J, Huang X. In Situ Nitrogen Retention of Carbon Anode for Enhancing the Electrochemical Performance for Sodium-Ion Battery. Chemistry 2021; 27:8030-8039. [PMID: 33780051 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Retaining nitrogen for polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon anode is a cost-effective way to make full use of the advantages of PAN for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Here, a simple strategy has been successfully adopted to retain N atoms in situ and increase production yield of a novel composite PAZ by mixing 3 wt % of zinc borate (ZB) with poly (acrylonitrile-co-itaconic acid) (PANIA). Among the prepared carbonised fibre (CF) samples, PAZ-CF-700 maintains the highest N content, retaining 90 % of the original N from PANIA. It represents the highest capacity storage contribution (80.55 %) and the lowest impedance Rct (117 Ω). Consequently, the specific capacity increases from 60 mAh g-1 of PANIA-CF-700 to 190 mAh g-1 of PAZ-CF-700 at a current density of 100 mA g-1 . At the same time, PAZ-CF-700 exhibits a good rate performance and excellent long-term cycling stability with a specific capacity of 94 mAh g-1 after 4000 cycles at 1.6 A g-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- National Engineering Technology Research Centre of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ziheng Wang
- Beijing Kay Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fibre Preparation Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Hao
- National Engineering Technology Research Centre of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xianbo Huang
- Kingfa Science & Technology Company, Guangzhou, 510520, P. R. China
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Liu W, Shi R, Zhang Z, Ge X, Li P, Chen X. Facile Strategy to Fabricate the Flame Retardant Polyamide 66 Fabric Modified with an Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9122-9133. [PMID: 33591163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, traditional flame retardant finishing with a single metal compound has been rarely applied owing to its low effectiveness and durability. This study reports metal ion finishing in combination with surface photografting modification (M/P technology) as a novel approach to incorporate an inorganic-organic hybrid structure containing an Fe3+ ion onto the surface of the polyamide (PA) 66 fabric. Specifically, the PA fabric was first surface-modified in the presence of acrylic acid (AA) and N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBAAn) during photografting pretreatment under UV irradiation (step I), then further reacted with the Fe3+ ion in the metal ion finishing (step II). After treatment with M/P technology, the fabric exhibits the required excellent flame retardancy and dripping resistance. Here, flame retardant tests show that the treated PA fabric has the highest limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 33.4 and no melt dripping during combustion. An interesting inorganic/organic composite thermal barrier consisting of an inorganic iron oxide nanoparticle (NP) outer layer and an organic micro-intumescent inner layer can be observed on the surface of the burnt fabric. This structure could be responsible for the significant enhancement in the fire performance of the treated fabric. Importantly, the treated fabric is also highly stable during the laundering procedure, which could retain a high Fe/C ratio and an acceptable LOI value of 27.8 after washing 45 times. This confirms the achievement of durable flame retardancy after treatment with M/P technology, and its possible interaction mechanism has been discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Sichuan Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Sichuan Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, Chengdu 610036, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Zejiang Zhang
- Sichuan Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Xinguo Ge
- Sichuan Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Pingli Li
- Sichuan Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Xiaosui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
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Wu Q, Guo J, Fei B, Li X, Sun J, Gu X, Li H, Zhang S. Synthesis of a novel polyhydroxy triazine-based charring agent and its effects on improving the flame retardancy of polypropylene with ammonium polyphosphate and zinc borate. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Ai L, Yang L, Hu J, Chen S, Zeng J, Liu P. Synergistic Flame Retardant Effect of Organic Phosphorus–Nitrogen and Inorganic Boron Flame Retardant on Polyethylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Junfeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jinming Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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Camerini R, Poggi G, Chelazzi D, Ridi F, Giorgi R, Baglioni P. The carbonation kinetics of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles: A Boundary Nucleation and Growth description. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 547:370-381. [PMID: 30974252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The reaction of Ca(OH)2 with CO2 to form CaCO3 (carbonation process) is of high interest for construction materials, environmental applications and art preservation. Here, the "Boundary Nucleation and Growth" model (BNGM) was adopted for the first time to consider the effect of the surface area of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles on the carbonation kinetics. EXPERIMENTS The carbonation of commercial and laboratory-prepared particles' dispersions was monitored by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and the BNGM was used to analyze the data. The contributions of nucleation and growth of CaCO3 were evaluated separately. FINDINGS During carbonation the boundary regions of the Ca(OH)2 particles are densely populated with CaCO3 nuclei, and transform early with subsequent thickening of slab-like regions centered on the original boundaries. A BNGM limiting case equation was thus used to fit the kinetics, where the transformation rate decreases exponentially with time. The carbonation rate constants, activation energies, and linear growth rate were calculated. Particles with larger size and lower surface area show a decrease of the rate at which the non-nucleated grains between the boundaries transform, and an increase of the ending time of Ca(OH)2 transformation. The effect of temperature on the carbonation kinetics and on the CaCO3 polymorphs formation was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Camerini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - G Poggi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - D Chelazzi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - F Ridi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - R Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - P Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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Hu Z, Xu S, Zhao H, Wang Y. Metal‐phenolic networks: A biobased synergist for EVA/APP composites toward enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zai‐Yin Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Shimei Xu
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Hai‐Bo Zhao
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yu‐Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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Oualha MA, Omri N, Oualha R, Nouioui MA, Abderrabba M, Amdouni N, Laoutid F. Development of metal hydroxide nanoparticles from eggshell waste and seawater and their application as flame retardants for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:994-1001. [PMID: 30769043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles have attracted a lot of research interest in different sectors: food, packaging, health, automotive construction and food application. In the present study, we report development of bio-material calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (Ceg-Ca(OH)2), obtained from chicken eggshell collected from the food industries as well as magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles obtained from seawater (Seaw-Mg(OH)2). The flame-retardant behavior of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate copolymer (EVA) containing different blends of Ceg-Ca(OH)2 and Seaw-Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles has been evaluated using cone calorimeter. Our results showed the interest of combining both nanoparticles. In fact, the partial substitution of small Seaw-Mg(OH)2 content (10 wt%) by Ceg-Ca(OH)2 enables further reduction of pHRR from 251 to 206 kW/m2 without any reduction of the composite time to ignition (52 s). Furthermore, the partial substitution of 40 wt% Seaw-Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles by Ceg-Ca(OH)2 enables high flame retardant effect as well as the generation of cohesive residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amine Oualha
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, UR/11/ES/19 "Physico-chimie des matériaux à l'état condensé", 1068 Tunis, (Tunisia).
| | - Nabil Omri
- Laboratoire Matériaux, Molécules et Applications, Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes Scientifiques et Techniques, La Marsa 2071, Université de Carthage, Tunisie
| | - Rafeh Oualha
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (MEEP-LR16IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Anouar Nouioui
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Environnement LR12SP07, 10 rue Abou Kacem Chabbi, Montfleury, 1008 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
| | - Manef Abderrabba
- Laboratoire Matériaux, Molécules et Applications, Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes Scientifiques et Techniques, La Marsa 2071, Université de Carthage, Tunisie
| | - Noureddine Amdouni
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, UR/11/ES/19 "Physico-chimie des matériaux à l'état condensé", 1068 Tunis, (Tunisia)
| | - Fouad Laoutid
- Laboratory of Polymeric & Composite Materials, Materia Nova Research Center, avenue Copernic, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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Hou S, Zhang YJ, Jiang P. Synergistic effects of synthetic phosphonium sulfonates with expandable graphite on flame retardancy for EVA rubber blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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