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Domínguez SE, Vuolle A, Fattori A, Ääritalo T, Cangiotti M, Damlin P, Ottaviani MF, Kvarnström C. Enhancement of charge-assisted hydrogen bond capabilities due to O-alkylation proximity in alkoxy cationic polythiophenes: solution- and solid-state evidence via EPR, AFM and surface free energy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6011-6025. [PMID: 35199803 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04792b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the array of applications for cationic polythiophenes (CPTs), there is still a need for structure-function guidelines and mechanistic understanding of their solution- and solid-state properties. This work presents a solution- and solid-state investigation of the effect of O-alkylation proximity on the hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) capabilities of alkoxy-CPTs, based on comparing an imidazolium alkoxy CPT with strong cation-pi, pi+ and positive charge-assisted hydrogen bonding (+CAHB) capabilities (PIMa), with two isothiouronium alkoxy CPTs with two-point +CAHB capabilities (PT1 & PT2), which have short and long alkoxy side chains, respectively. Our results show that a closer proximity of O-alkylation strengthens the +CAHB capabilities of PT1: in aqueous solutions, PT2 aggregates have a stronger interaction with cationic EPR spin probes than aggregates of PIMa and PT1, which in turn show a similar extent of repulsion towards the cationic spin probes. In solid-state, atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that PIMa generates dendritic structures onto mica, with features of diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA), indicating strong interactions with the anionic substrate due to a high configurational entropy during spreading, regardless of being drop-casted from water or 1,4-dioxane-water (W-DI), despite the latter disturbing H-bonding due to selective solvation. PT1 is also capable of generating dendritic structures resembling ballistic aggregation (BA). However, this occurs only when casting from water, since W-DI generates island-like aggregates resembling attachment limited aggregation (ALA), which is the morphology generated by PT2 regardless of the solvent. Finally, spin-coated films of PIMa and PT1 show similar dispersivity of the surface free energy (SFE), which in turn is larger than that in PT2 films, which are also more affected when casted from W-DI, presenting much larger decreases of dispersivity. These results constitute a novel empirical structure-function guideline that could be useful for optimal design and/or processing of alkoxy CPTs. For example, dendritic patterns have recently gained attention since the colloidal droplet drying is related to engineering applications including inkjet printing, biosensing, and functional material design, while the SFE is relevant for opto- and bio-electronic applications of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs). This information could also be useful when analyzing previous results obtained from alkoxy CPTs with different side chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Antti Vuolle
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Alberto Fattori
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Timo Ääritalo
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Michela Cangiotti
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Pia Damlin
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - M Francesca Ottaviani
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Carita Kvarnström
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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2
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Domínguez SE, Vuolle A, Butler-Hallissey C, Ääritalo T, Damlin P, Kvarnström C. J-like aggregation of a cationic polythiophene with hydrogen-bonding capabilities due to 1,4-dioxane: Solution excitation spectra and fluorescence, morphology and surface free energy of films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 584:281-294. [PMID: 33069027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This work presents solution- and solid-state evidence of the enhancement of J-like aggregation of a cationic polythiophene (CPT) with isothiouronium functionalities (PT1), caused by a decrease in the polarity and hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) capacity of the solvent, generated by using a 50:50 v/v 1,4-dioxane-water mixture (W-DI) instead of water. In solution, the presence of 1,4-dioxane (DI) seems to generate selective solvation, tuning the energy transfer within PT1 from inter-chain into intra-chain, enhancing J-like aggregation. On the other hand, during the casting process, the presence of DI directs the interaction with solid-substrates, generating an increase in the solid-state fluorescence, modifying the morphology from one similar to ballistic-aggregation (BA) into one similar to attachment limited aggregation (ALA), DI also modifies the SFE by increasing slightly its polar contribution (γSp) and decreasing the dispersive one (γSd). These results can be explained to be caused by a "coating" effect in presence of DI (as proposed before experimentally and computationally). Our results show a clear correlation between the solution- and solid-state properties of PT1 in each solvent, further validating the use of the fluorescence excitation spectra to trace J-like aggregation of water-soluble conjugated polymeric fluorophores in solution. This information could be useful for predicting and designing specific mesoscopic architectures of CPTs (and conjugated polyelectrolytes in general), which are molecules lacking of clear structure-function guidelines for designing high-performance polythiophene-based interlayer materials, especially for CPTs (and conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) in general), particularly those with H-bonding capabilities. To the best of our knowledge the use of solution-state fluorescence excitation spectra to identify J-like aggregation of water-soluble conjugated polymers (CPs) has been scarcely used/discussed in literature and no correlation with solid-state properties was reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Antti Vuolle
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Timo Ääritalo
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Damlin
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Carita Kvarnström
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Pipertzis A, Papamokos G, Mühlinghaus M, Mezger M, Scherf U, Floudas G. What Determines the Glass Temperature and dc-Conductivity in Imidazolium-Polymerized Ionic Liquids with a Polythiophene Backbone? Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Pipertzis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Papamokos
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina C. So
- Department of Chemistry, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Katipunan, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
| | - Analyn C. Carreon-Asok
- Department of Chemistry, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Katipunan, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University−Ateneo de Cagayan University, Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro City 9000, Philippines
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Pipertzis A, Mühlinghaus M, Mezger M, Scherf U, Floudas G. Polymerized Ionic Liquids with Polythiophene Backbones: Self-Assembly, Thermal Properties, and Ion Conduction. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Pipertzis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Markus Mezger
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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6
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Domínguez SE, Cangiotti M, Fattori A, Ääritalo T, Damlin P, Ottaviani MF, Kvarnström C. Effect of Spacer Length and Solvent on the Concentration-Driven Aggregation of Cationic Hydrogen-Bonding Donor Polythiophenes. Langmuir 2018; 34:7364-7378. [PMID: 29783844 PMCID: PMC6150719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of cationic isothiouronium polythiophenes with alkoxy-spacers of different lengths at the 3-position of the thiophene ring was studied in solvents of different polarities. Hydrogen-bonding capacity was assessed by steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, whereas the aggregation in aqueous solutions was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, using paramagnetic probes of different polarities. The two polymers displayed similar features in respect to conformation, effect of cosolvents on aggregation, unstructured absorption-fluorescence spectra, Stokes shifts when aggregated, solvatochromic effect, and self-quenching concentration. However, these polymers also showed different specific interactions with water, Stokes shifts in water, effect of the solvent on the extent of dominant state of the S1 level, and also different inner cavities and hydrophobic-hydrophilic surface area in aqueous solution aggregates. Water maximized the difference between the polymers concerning the effect of specific increases in concentration, whereas the presence of 1,4-dioxane generated almost identical effects on both polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Domínguez
- Turku
University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M. Cangiotti
- Department
of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences (DiSTeVA), University of Urbino, Via Ca’ Le Suore 2/4, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - A. Fattori
- Department
of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences (DiSTeVA), University of Urbino, Via Ca’ Le Suore 2/4, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - T. Ääritalo
- Turku
University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - P. Damlin
- Turku
University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M. F. Ottaviani
- Department
of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences (DiSTeVA), University of Urbino, Via Ca’ Le Suore 2/4, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - C. Kvarnström
- Turku
University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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7
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Benatto L, Marchiori CFN, da Luz MGE, Koehler M. Electronic and structural properties of fluorene–thiophene copolymers as function of the composition ratio between the moieties: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:20447-20458. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02622j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through theoretical analysis, we study relevant properties of some molecular structures formed by oligothiophenes (T) and dioctylfluorenes (F) units, like the exciton binding energy (Eb) and dipole moment, important for the efficiency of different kinds of optical and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Benatto
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal do Paraná
- Curitiba
- Brazil
| | - C. F. N. Marchiori
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal do Paraná
- Curitiba
- Brazil
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - M. G. E. da Luz
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal do Paraná
- Curitiba
- Brazil
| | - M. Koehler
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal do Paraná
- Curitiba
- Brazil
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8
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Houston JE, Chevrier M, Appavou MS, King SM, Clément S, Evans RC. A self-assembly toolbox for thiophene-based conjugated polyelectrolytes: surfactants, solvent and copolymerisation. Nanoscale 2017; 9:17481-17493. [PMID: 29106435 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06169b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeted control of the aggregation, morphology and optical properties of conjugated polymers is critical for the development of high performance optoelectronic devices. Here, self-assembly approaches are used to strategically manipulate the order, conformation and spatial distribution of conjugated polymers in solution and subsequently prepared thin films. The supramolecular complex organisation of phosphonium-functionalised homo- (P3HTPMe3) and diblock (P3HT-b-P3HTPMe3) ionic conjugated polythiophenes upon solvent-mediation and co-assembly with oppositely charged surfactants is investigated. UV/Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to probe the organisation and photophysical response of the aggregates formed. Subtle differences in the surfactant mole fraction and structure, as well as the solvent polarity, yield differences in the nature of the resultant homopolyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes. In contrast, only moderate structural transformations are observed for the amphiphilic diblock copolyelectrolyte, emphasising the structure "anchoring" effect of a neutral polymer block when amphiphilic copolymers are dissolved in polar solvents. These results highlight the versatility of self-assembly to access a range of nanomorphologies, which could be crucial for the design of the next generation of organic optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Houston
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Michèle Chevrier
- Institut Charles Gerhardt - UMR 5253, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CC1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Stephen M King
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Sébastien Clément
- Institut Charles Gerhardt - UMR 5253, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CC1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
| | - Rachel C Evans
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
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9
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Houston JE, Richeter S, Clément S, Evans RC. Molecular design of interfacial layers based on conjugated polythiophenes for polymer and hybrid solar cells. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Houston
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Garching Germany
| | - Sébastien Richeter
- Institut Charles Gerhardt; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Sébastien Clément
- Institut Charles Gerhardt; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Rachel C Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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10
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Steverlynck J, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Koeckelberghs G. Synthesis and energy transfer in original poly(3-alkylthiophene)-g-poly(fluorene) toothbrush copolymers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Willis-Fox N, Gutacker A, Browne MP, Khan AR, Lyons MEG, Scherf U, Evans RC. Selective recognition of biologically important anions using a diblock polyfluorene–polythiophene conjugated polyelectrolyte. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01478c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence detection of nucleotide phosphates with a polyfluorene–polythiophene diblock copolymer is demonstrated, accompanied by determination of the sensor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Willis-Fox
- School of Chemistry and CRANN
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Andrea Gutacker
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (buwmakro) and Institute for Polymer Technology
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Michelle P. Browne
- School of Chemistry and CRANN
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Amir R. Khan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology
- University of Dublin
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
| | - Michael E. G. Lyons
- School of Chemistry and CRANN
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (buwmakro) and Institute for Polymer Technology
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Rachel C. Evans
- School of Chemistry and CRANN
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Ireland
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
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12
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Domínguez SE, Meriläinen M, Ääritalo T, Damlin P, Kvarnström C. Effect of alkoxy-spacer length and solvent on diluted solutions of cationic isothiouronium polythiophenes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21451g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a study on two cationic isothiouronium polythiophenes with alkoxy chains of different length in the 3-position of the thiophene ring. The compounds were characterized using experimental and theoretical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Domínguez
- Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF)
- Laboratory of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Analysis
- University of Turku
- 20014 Turku
- Finland
| | - M. Meriläinen
- Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF)
- Laboratory of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Analysis
- University of Turku
- 20014 Turku
- Finland
| | - T. Ääritalo
- Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF)
- Laboratory of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Analysis
- University of Turku
- 20014 Turku
- Finland
| | - P. Damlin
- Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF)
- Laboratory of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Analysis
- University of Turku
- 20014 Turku
- Finland
| | - C. Kvarnström
- Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF)
- Laboratory of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Analysis
- University of Turku
- 20014 Turku
- Finland
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Knaapila M, Costa T, Garamus VM, Kraft M, Drechsler M, Scherf U, Burrows HD. Polyelectrolyte Complexes of a Cationic All Conjugated Fluorene–Thiophene Diblock Copolymer with Aqueous DNA. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3231-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Knaapila
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Telma Costa
- Department
of Chemistry and Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vasil M. Garamus
- Helmholz-Zentrum
Geesthacht: Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung
GmbH, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Mario Kraft
- Macromolecular
Chemistry Group, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Bayreuth
Institute of Macromolecular Research - Laboratory for Soft Matter
Electron Microscopy, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular
Chemistry Group, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hugh D. Burrows
- Department
of Chemistry and Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Costa T, de Azevedo D, Stewart B, Knaapila M, Valente AJM, Kraft M, Scherf U, Burrows HD. Interactions of a zwitterionic thiophene-based conjugated polymer with surfactants. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01210d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structural organization and photoluminescence properties of zwitterionic conjugated polymer–surfactant assemblies depend on specific and non-specific polymer–surfactant interactions within the aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Costa
- Centro de Química de Coimbra, Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Diego de Azevedo
- Centro de Química de Coimbra, Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Beverly Stewart
- Centro de Química de Coimbra, Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Matti Knaapila
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Artur J. M. Valente
- Centro de Química de Coimbra, Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Mario Kraft
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- D-42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- D-42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Hugh D. Burrows
- Centro de Química de Coimbra, Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
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15
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Lin F, Zhou TY, Zhan TG, Zhao X. Wholly-rigid rod–rod amphiphiles: synthesis, crystal structures, and self-assembling behavior in water. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Thomas A, Houston JE, Van den Brande N, De Winter J, Chevrier M, Heenan RK, Terry AE, Richeter S, Mehdi A, Van Mele B, Dubois P, Lazzaroni R, Gerbaux P, Evans RC, Clément S. All-conjugated cationic copolythiophene “rod–rod” block copolyelectrolytes: synthesis, optical properties and solvent-dependent assembly. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The optical and thermal properties and solvent-dependent assembly of all-conjugated cationic copolythiophene block copolyelectrolytes are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Thomas
- Institut Charles Gerhardt – UMR 5253
- Equipe Chimie Moléculaire et Organisation du Solide
- Université Montpellier 2 – CC1701
- F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
| | - Judith E. Houston
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niko Van den Brande
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Laboratory of organic synthesis and mass spectrometry
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mass Spectrometry
- University of Mons-UMONS
- B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Michèle Chevrier
- Institut Charles Gerhardt – UMR 5253
- Equipe Chimie Moléculaire et Organisation du Solide
- Université Montpellier 2 – CC1701
- F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- Laboratory for Polymeric and Composites Materials
| | | | - Ann E. Terry
- ISIS, STFC
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Sébastien Richeter
- Institut Charles Gerhardt – UMR 5253
- Equipe Chimie Moléculaire et Organisation du Solide
- Université Montpellier 2 – CC1701
- F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Ahmad Mehdi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt – UMR 5253
- Equipe Chimie Moléculaire et Organisation du Solide
- Université Montpellier 2 – CC1701
- F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Bruno Van Mele
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory for Polymeric and Composites Materials
- Center for Innovation in Materials and Polymers
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering of Materials
- University of Mons – UMONS
- B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Center for Innovation in Materials and Polymers
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering of Materials
- University of Mons – UMONS
- B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Laboratory of organic synthesis and mass spectrometry
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mass Spectrometry
- University of Mons-UMONS
- B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Rachel C. Evans
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN)
| | - Sébastien Clément
- Institut Charles Gerhardt – UMR 5253
- Equipe Chimie Moléculaire et Organisation du Solide
- Université Montpellier 2 – CC1701
- F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Houston JE, Patterson AR, Jayasundera AC, Schmitt W, Evans RC. Charge-modulated self-assembly and growth of conjugated polyelectrolyte–polyoxometalate hybrid networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5233-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47552b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Robb MJ, Ku SY, Hawker CJ. 25th anniversary article: no assembly required: recent advances in fully conjugated block copolymers. Adv Mater 2013; 25:5686-700. [PMID: 24115326 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fully conjugated block copolymers have emerged as promising materials that combine semiconducting properties with the ability to self-assemble at the nanoscale. The convergence of these two features has tremendous implications for a number of fundamental molecular assembly and transport questions, while also offering unique advantages for a variety of applications. For example, a nanostructured active layer in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices may provide for efficient charge separation while simultaneously affording continuous, unimpeded pathways for charge carriers to migrate to their respective electrodes within each individual microphase. This review details the recent progress made in the preparation and application of fully conjugated block copolymers and serves as a comprehensive reference for the materials that have been reported in the literature to date. Focus is placed on fully conjugated block copolymers prepared using chemistries that are relevant to high-performance polymers in organic electronics research, for example Stille, Suzuki-Miyaura, and Yamamoto coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J Robb
- Materials Department, Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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19
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Laiho A, Nguyen HT, Sinno H, Engquist I, Berggren M, Dubois P, Coulembier O, Crispin X. Amphiphilic Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-Based Semiconducting Copolymers for Printing of Polyelectrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400527z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ari Laiho
- Department of Science and Technology, Organic Electronics, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping,
Sweden
| | - Ha Tran Nguyen
- Laboratory of Polymeric
and Composite Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials
and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons—UMONS, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Hiam Sinno
- Department of Science and Technology, Organic Electronics, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping,
Sweden
| | - Isak Engquist
- Department of Science and Technology, Organic Electronics, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping,
Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Department of Science and Technology, Organic Electronics, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping,
Sweden
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric
and Composite Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials
and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons—UMONS, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric
and Composite Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials
and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons—UMONS, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Xavier Crispin
- Department of Science and Technology, Organic Electronics, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping,
Sweden
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20
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Fonseca SM, Galvão RP, Burrows HD, Gutacker A, Scherf U, Bazan GC. Selective Fluorescence Quenching in Cationic Fluorene-Thiophene Diblock Copolymers for Ratiometric Sensing of Anions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:717-22. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Evans RC, Knaapila M, Willis-Fox N, Kraft M, Terry A, Burrows HD, Scherf U. Cationic polythiophene-surfactant self-assembly complexes: phase transitions, optical response, and sensing. Langmuir 2012; 28:12348-12356. [PMID: 22839776 DOI: 10.1021/la302166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte poly[3-(6-trimethylammoniumhexyl)thiophene] (P3TMAHT) were observed to be dramatically altered in the presence of anionic surfactants due to self-assembly through ionic complex formation. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), UV/vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to probe the relationship between the supramolecular complex organization and the photophysical response of P3TMAHT in the presence of industrially important anionic surfactants. Subtle differences in the surfactant mole fraction and chemical structure (e.g., chain length, headgroup charge density, perfluorination) result in marked variations in the range and type of complexes formed, which can be directly correlated to a unique colorimetric and fluorimetric fingerprint. Our results show that P3TMAHT has potential as an optical sensor for anionic surfactants capable of selectively identifying distinct structural subgroups through dual mode detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Evans
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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23
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Valente A, Burrows H, Gomes J, Pereira R, Cerqueira D, Jiménez A, Burgos N, Morán C, Mallavia R, Filho G. Cellulose acetate-poly{[9,9-bis(6′-N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl]fluorene-phenylene} bromide blends: Preparation, characterization and transport properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nowacki B, Grova IR, Domingues RA, Faria GC, Atvars TD, Akcelrud L. Photo- and electroluminescence in a series of PPV type terpolymers containing fluorene, thiophene and phenylene units. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Shen D, Wang L, Pan Z, Cheng S, Zhu X, Fan LJ. Toward a Highly Sensitive Fluorescence Sensing System of an Amphiphilic Molecular Rod: Facile Synthesis and Significant Solvent-Assisted Photophysical Tunability. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102311n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Shen
- Key laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China 215123
| | - Lisha Wang
- Key laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China 215123
| | - Zhenxing Pan
- Key laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China 215123
| | - Si Cheng
- Key laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China 215123
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Key laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China 215123
| | - Li-Juan Fan
- Key laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China 215123
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Knaapila M, Evans RC, Garamus VM, Almásy L, Székely NK, Gutacker A, Scherf U, Burrows HD. Structure and "surfactochromic" properties of conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE): surfactant complexes between a cationic polythiophene and SDS in water. Langmuir 2010; 26:15634-15643. [PMID: 20822163 DOI: 10.1021/la102591b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on the phase transitions, solution structure, and consequent effect on the photophysical properties of poly[3-(6-trimethylammoniumhexyl)thiophene] bromide (P3TMAHT) in aqueous sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Polythiophene was mixed with SDS or deuterated SDS to form P3TMAHT(SDS)(x) complex (x = the molar ratio of surfactant over monomer units) in D(2)O and studied by small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS/SAXS) and optical spectroscopy. At room temperature, P3TMAHT forms charged aggregates with interparticle order. The addition of SDS eliminates the interparticle order and leads to rod-like (x = 1/5) or sheet-like polymer-SDS aggregates (x = 1/2 to 1) containing rod-like (x = 1/5 to 1/2) or sheet-like (x = 1/2 to 1) polymer associations. Partial precipitation occurs at the charge compensation point (x = 1). Ellipsoidal particles without interparticle order, reminiscent of SDS micelles modified by separated polymer chains, occur for x = 2 to 5. Free SDS micelles dominate for x = 20. Structural transitions lead to a concomitant variation in the solution color from red (P3TMAHT) to violet (x = 1/5 to 1) to yellow (x > 2). The photoluminescence fingerprint changes progressively from a broad featureless band (x = 0) through the band narrowing and appearance of vibronic structure (x = 1/5 to 1) to the return to a blue-shifted broad emission band (x = 5). The polymer stiffness reaches a maximum for x = 1, which leads to minimization of the Stokes shift (0.08 eV). This work gives fundamental information upon how surfactant complexation can influence both the solution structure and photophysical properties of a water-soluble polythiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Knaapila
- Physics Department, Institute for Energy Technology, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
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