1
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Bajwa DS, Holt G, Stark N, Bajwa SG, Chanda S, Quadir M. Nano Boron Oxide and Zinc Oxide Doped Lignin Containing Cellulose Nanocrystals Improve the Thermal, Mechanical and Flammability Properties of High-Density Poly(ethylene). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:36. [PMID: 38201701 PMCID: PMC10780719 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The widely used high-density polyethylene (HDPE) polymer has inadequate mechanical and thermal properties for structural applications. To overcome this challenge, nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and nano boron oxide (B2O3) doped lignin-containing cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were blended in the polymer matrix. The working hypothesis is that lignin will prevent CNC aggregation, and metal oxides will reduce the flammability of polymers by modifying their degradation pathways. This research prepared and incorporated safe, effective, and eco-friendly hybrid systems of nano ZnO/L-CNC and nano B2O3/L-CNC into the HDPE matrix to improve their physio-mechanical and fire-retardant properties. The composites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, horizontal burning test, and microcalorimetry test. The results demonstrated a substantial increase in mechanical properties and a reduction in flammability. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed some agglomeration and irregular distribution of the inorganic oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet S. Bajwa
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Greg Holt
- Cotton Production and Processing Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA;
| | - Nicole Stark
- Forest Biopolymer Science and Engineering, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
| | - Sreekala G. Bajwa
- College of Agriculture, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Saptaparni Chanda
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University; Fargo, ND 58108, USA;
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2
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Continuous extrusion foaming process of biodegradable nanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid)/carbonaceous nanoparticles with different geometric shapes: An insight into involved physical, chemical and rheological phenomena. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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3
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Johnson RW, Scopelliti HR, Herrold NT, Wakabayashi K. Solid‐state shear pulverization of post‐industrial ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene: Particle morphology and molecular structure modifications toward conventional mechanical recycling. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riggs W. Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania USA
| | - Haley R. Scopelliti
- Department of Chemical Engineering Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania USA
| | - Nathan T. Herrold
- Department of Chemical Engineering Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania USA
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4
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Li Z, Zhu G, Lin N. Dispersibility Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polymeric-Based Composites. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4439-4468. [PMID: 36195577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are hydrophilic nanoparticles extracted from biomass with properties and functions different from cellulose and are being developed for property-oriented applications such as high stiffness, abundant active groups, and biocompatibility. It has broad application prospects in the field of composite materials, while the dispersibility of the CNC in polymers is the key to its application performance. Many reviews have discussed in-depth the modification strategies to improve the dispersibility of the CNC and summarized all characterization for the CNC, but there are no reviews on the in-depth exploration of dispersion characterization. This review is a comprehensive summary of the characterization of CNC dispersion in the matrix in terms of direct observation, indirect evaluation, and quantified evaluation, summarizing how and why different characterization tools reveal dispersibility. In addition, "decision tree" flowcharts are presented to provide the reader with a reference for selecting the appropriate characterization method for a specific composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
| | - Ge Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
| | - Ning Lin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
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5
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Hu S, Chen X, Bin Rusayyis MA, Purwanto NS, Torkelson JM. Reprocessable polyhydroxyurethane networks reinforced with reactive polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and exhibiting excellent elevated temperature creep resistance. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Shin H, Kim S, Kim J, Kong S, Lee Y, Lee J. Preparation of 3‐pentadecylphenol‐modified cellulose nanocrystal and its application as a filler to polypropylene nanocomposites having improved antibacterial and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiseob Shin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwan Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Saerom Kong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghoon Lee
- Chemical Pilot Bldg. S‐OIL TS&D Center Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Chan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
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7
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Clarkson CM, El Awad Azrak SM, Forti ES, Schueneman GT, Moon RJ, Youngblood JP. Recent Developments in Cellulose Nanomaterial Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000718. [PMID: 32696496 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) are a class of materials that have recently garnered attention in fields as varied as structural materials, biomaterials, rheology modifiers, construction, paper enhancement, and others. As the principal structural reinforcement of biomass giving wood its mechanical properties, CNM is strong and stiff, but also nontoxic, biodegradable, and sustainable with a very large (Gton yr-1 ) source. Unfortunately, due to the relatively young nature of the field and inherent incompatibility of CNM with most man-made materials in use today, research has tended to be more basic-science oriented rather than commercially applicable, so there are few CNM-enabled products on the market today. Herein, efforts are presented for preparing and forming cellulose nanomaterial nanocomposites. The focus is on recent efforts attempting to mitigate common impediments to practical commercialization but is also placed in context with traditional efforts. The work is presented in terms of the progress made, and still to be made, on solving the most pressing challenges-getting properties that are competitive with currently used materials, removing organic solvent, solving the inherent incompatibility between CNM and polymers of interest, and incorporation into commonly used industrial processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn M Clarkson
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Ave., ARMS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
| | - Sami M El Awad Azrak
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Ave., ARMS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
| | - Endrina S Forti
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Ave., ARMS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
| | - Gregory T Schueneman
- Forest Products Laboratory, United States Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Robert J Moon
- Forest Products Laboratory, United States Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Youngblood
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Ave., ARMS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
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8
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The role of rheological premonitory of hydrogels based on cellulose nanofibers and polymethylsilsesquioxane on the physical properties of corresponding aerogels. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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9
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Abstract
This review examines recent strategies, challenges, and future opportunities in preparing high-performance polymeric materials from lignin and its derivable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett F. Bass
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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10
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Fabrication of branching poly (butylene succinate)/cellulose nanocrystal foams with exceptional thermal insulation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116708. [PMID: 32829836 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Branching poly (butylene succinate) (BPBS) nanocomposite foams incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by supercritical CO2. Surface modification of CNCs by acetylation was achieved through replacing hydrophilic hydroxyl groups with hydrophobic acetyl groups, which improved the dispersibility of CNCs significantly. The crystallite sizes of CNCs and acetylated CNCs were calculated by Scherrer's formula as 25 and 19 nm, respectively. The initial crystallization temperature of diverse poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) specimens, a crucial factor for regulating cell nucleation type, increased remarkably by 11.8 °C as well as their storage modulus increased by 2 orders of magnitudes, due to branching reaction and bio-filler addition. BPBS/CNCs foam possessed a high volume expansion ratio as 37.1 times and displayed an exceptional thermal conductivity as 0.021 W(m K)-1. This study provided a promising potential strategy to develop exceptional thermal-insulation polymer foams for composite structures, energy conservation and environment protection.
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11
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A review on nanocellulose as a lightweight filler of polyolefin composites. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 243:116466. [PMID: 32532395 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) possesses low density, high aspect ratio, impressive mechanical properties, nanoscale dimensions, which shows huge potential applications as a reinforced filler. Polyolefin (PO), represented by polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), has been widely used in industries. Recently nanocellulose/polyolefin nanocomposites (NC/PO nanocomposites) have caught more attention from the application of automotive components, aerospace, furniture, building, home appliances, and sport. In this review, the surface modifications of nanocellulose and polyolefin are summarized respectively, such as surface adsorption modification, small molecule modification, and graft copolymerization modification. The common preparations of NC/PO nanocomposites are discussed, including the melting compounding, the solvent casting, and the in-situ polymerization. The lightweight, mechanical properties, and aging-resistant properties of NC/PO nanocomposites are highlighted. Finally, the potentials and challenges for industrial production development of NC/PO nanocomposites are discussed.
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12
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Onffroy PR, Miu EV, Confer WJ, Darkes‐Burkey CM, Holler WC, Wakabayashi K. Residence Time Distribution and Specific Mechanical Energy in Solid‐State Shear Pulverization: Processing‐Structure‐Property Relationships in a Chilled Extruder. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip R. Onffroy
- Department of Chemical Engineering Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania 17837
| | - Evan V. Miu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania 17837
| | - William J. Confer
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
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13
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Isolating the effect of polymer-grafted nanoparticle interactions with matrix polymer from dispersion on composite property enhancement: The example of polypropylene/halloysite nanocomposites. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Li MC, Dong J, Lee S, Cheng HN, Lei T, Wu Q. Cellulose nanocrystal driven microphase separated nanocomposites: Enhanced mechanical performance and nanostructured morphology. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:685-694. [PMID: 30826401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The interest in the modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) lies in the potential to homogenously disperse CNCs in hydrophobic polymer matrices and to promote interfacial adhesion. In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) were grafted onto CNCs, thereby imparting their hydrophobic traits. The successful grafting modification led to the increased thermal stability of modified CNCs (MCNCs), and the hydrophobic surface modification was integrated with crystalline structure and morphology of CNCs. The nanocomposites with 7 wt% MCNCs/PBA-co-PMMA had an increase in Young's modulus of >25-fold and in tensile strength at about 3 times compared to these of neat PBA-co-PMMA copolymer. In addition, a micro-phase separated morphology (PBA soft domains, and PMMA and CNC hard domains) of MCNCs/PBA-co-PMMA nanocomposites was observed. The large increase in the storage moduli (glass transition temperatures) and organized morphology of MCNCs/PBA-co-PMMA nanocomposites also elucidated the relationship between mechanical properties and micro-phase separated morphology. Therefore, the MCNCs are effective reinforcing agents for the PBA-co-PMMA thermoplastic elastomers, opening up opportunities for their wide-spread applications in polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhang
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Xiuqiang Zhang
- Key Biomass Energy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China
| | - Mei-Chun Li
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ju Dong
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Research, Seoul 130-712, Republic of Korea
| | - H N Cheng
- US Department of Agriculture, Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, United States
| | - Tingzhou Lei
- Key Biomass Energy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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15
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Blumer EM, Lynch BB, Fielding AS, Wakabayashi K. Crystallinity and Property Enhancements in Neat Polylactic Acid by Chilled Extrusion: Solid‐State Shear Pulverization and Solid‐State/Melt Extrusion. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M. Blumer
- Department of Chemical Engineering Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania 17837
| | - Brian B. Lynch
- Department of Chemical Engineering Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania 17837
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16
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Influence of Nanoparticle Pretreatment on the Thermal, Rheological and Mechanical Properties of PLA-PBSA Nanocomposites Incorporating Cellulose Nanocrystals or Montmorillonite. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 9:nano9010029. [PMID: 30587837 PMCID: PMC6359329 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and montmorillonite clay (MMT) were prepared using spray freeze-drying. The nanoparticles were then used as reinforcement to prepare nanocomposites with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as the polymer matrix. The effect of spray freeze-dried CNC (SFD-CNC) and spray freeze-dried MMT (SFD-MMT) on the rheological and mechanical properties of PLA and its blends with poly[(butylene succinate)-co-adipate)] (PBSA) were investigated. An epoxy chain extender was used during preparation of the blends and nanocomposites to enhance the mechanical properties of the products. Different methods such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and adsorption/desorption analyses were used to characterize the prepared nanoparticles and their localization in the blends. Dynamic oscillatory shear behavior, elongational viscosity and mechanical characteristics of the nanocomposites of PLA and the blends were evaluated. The results obtained for nanocomposites filled with unmodified SFD-MMT were compared with those obtained when the filler was a commercial organically modified montmorillonite nanoclay (methyl-tallow-bis(2-hydroxyeethyl) quaternary ammonium chloride) (C30B), which was not spray freeze-dried.
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17
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Xia W, Qin X, Zhang Y, Sinko R, Keten S. Achieving Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion and Dispersion in Cellulose Nanocomposites via Amorphous Interfaces. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 2470, PO Box 6050, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | | | | | - Robert Sinko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Illinois University, 590 Garden Rd., Dekalb, Illinois 60115, United States
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18
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Tang Y, Zhang X, Zhao R, Guo D, Zhang J. Preparation and properties of chitosan/guar gum/nanocrystalline cellulose nanocomposite films. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 197:128-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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19
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Li K, Huang J, Xu D, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Cai J. Mechanically strong polystyrene nanocomposites by peroxide-induced grafting of styrene monomers within nanoporous cellulose gels. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:473-481. [PMID: 30143152 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is a promising candidate as a "green" reinforcing nanofiller for polymer nanocomposites. Three-dimensionally nanoporous cellulose gels (NCGs) have been demonstrated to exhibit significant dispersibility and compatibilization with hydrophobic polymers. We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites by the in situ free radical polymerization of styrene monomers within the NCG. The volume fraction of the NCG in the NCG/PS nanocomposites could be controlled from 10% to 60%. The interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose networks of the NCG were finely distributed and well preserved in the PS matrix after polymerization. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a remarkable reinforcement in the tensile storage modulus of the NCG/PS nanocomposites, especially above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PS matrix. The modified percolation model was in good agreement with the mechanical properties of the NCG/PS nanocomposites. The introduction of the NCG into the PS matrix significantly improved the flexural and tension properties of the NCG/PS nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Huang
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Duoduo Xu
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhong
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cai
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China; Research Institute of Shenzhen, Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Spagnol C, Fragal EH, Witt MA, Follmann HD, Silva R, Rubira AF. Mechanically improved polyvinyl alcohol-composite films using modified cellulose nanowhiskers as nano-reinforcement. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 191:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Harini K, Chandra Mohan C, Ramya K, Karthikeyan S, Sukumar M. Effect of Punica granatum peel extracts on antimicrobial properties in Walnut shell cellulose reinforced Bio-thermoplastic starch films from cashew nut shells. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 184:231-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Dufresne A. Cellulose nanomaterials as green nanoreinforcements for polymer nanocomposites. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:20170040. [PMID: 29277738 PMCID: PMC5746555 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected and attractive properties can be observed when decreasing the size of a material down to the nanoscale. Cellulose is no exception to the rule. In addition, the highly reactive surface of cellulose resulting from the high density of hydroxyl groups is exacerbated at this scale. Different forms of cellulose nanomaterials, resulting from a top-down deconstruction strategy (cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils) or bottom-up strategy (bacterial cellulose), are potentially useful for a large number of industrial applications. These include the paper and cardboard industry, use as reinforcing filler in polymer nanocomposites, the basis for low-density foams, additives in adhesives and paints, as well as a wide variety of filtration, electronic, food, hygiene, cosmetic and medical products. This paper focuses on the use of cellulose nanomaterials as a filler for the preparation of polymer nanocomposites. Impressive mechanical properties can be obtained for these materials. They obviously depend on the type of nanomaterial used, but the crucial point is the processing technique. The emphasis is on the melt processing of such nanocomposite materials, which has not yet been properly resolved and remains a challenge.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Dufresne
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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23
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Sakakibara K, Moriki Y, Yano H, Tsujii Y. Strategy for the Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber-Reinforced High-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites Using Diblock Copolymer Dispersants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44079-44087. [PMID: 29185701 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) hold great potential as sustainable reinforcement fillers with excellent mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. However, in polyolefin nanocomposite materials, the rational control of dispersion and the improvement of interfacial strength remain challenging. Herein we propose the tuning of the interface between CNF and high-density polyethylene by the design of polymer dispersants on the basis of surface free energy and the glass transition temperature. The former is related to the wettability against the polymer matrix and is therefore critical to the dispersion of CNF whereas the latter is related to the interfacial strength between CNF and HDPE. As a result of this investigation, we discovered a suitable dispersant for CNFs, poly(dicyclopentenyloxyethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), which played a pivotal role in achieving both a uniform dispersion of CNF and greatly improved mechanical properties, including a 4-fold increase of the Young's modulus over that of neat HDPE with 10 wt % CNF loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Sakakibara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Moriki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yano
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University , Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Tsujii
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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24
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Polyethylene cellulose nanofibrils nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:50-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Liang Y, Liu X, Wang L, Sun J. The fabrication of microcrystalline cellulose-nanoZnO hybrid composites and their application in rubber compounds. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 169:324-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Huang J, Xu C, Wu D, Lv Q. Transcrystallization of polypropylene in the presence of polyester/cellulose nanocrystal composite fibers. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 167:105-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Dasan Y, Bhat A, Ahmad F. Polymer blend of PLA/PHBV based bionanocomposites reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose for potential application as packaging material. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1323-1332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Huang YF, Xu JZ, Li ZM. Advances in Enhancing Mechanical Performance of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Used for Total Joint Replacement. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2017-1253.ch014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Zhuang Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Huan S, Bai L, Cheng W, Han G. Manufacture of electrospun all-aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanocrystal composite nanofibrous mats with enhanced properties through controlling fibers arrangement and microstructure. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Rastogi VK, Stanssens D, Samyn P. Reaction efficiency and retention of poly(styrene- co -maleimide) nanoparticles deposited on fibrillated cellulose surfaces. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 141:244-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Huang YF, Zhang ZC, Xu JZ, Xu L, Zhong GJ, He BX, Li ZM. Simultaneously improving wear resistance and mechanical performance of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene via cross-linking and structural manipulation. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Kashani Rahimi S, Otaigbe JU. Polyamide 6 nanocomposites incorporating cellulose nanocrystals prepared by
In situ
ring‐opening polymerization: Viscoelasticity, creep behavior, and melt rheological properties. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Kashani Rahimi
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materialsthe University of Southern MississippiHattiesburg Mississippi
| | - Joshua U. Otaigbe
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materialsthe University of Southern MississippiHattiesburg Mississippi
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Zhou M, Fan M, Zhao Y, Jin T, Fu Q. Effect of stretching on the mechanical properties in melt-spun poly(butylene succinate)/microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 140:383-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Influence of Cellulose on the Mechanical and Thermal Stability of ABS Plastic Composites. INT J POLYM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/9043086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcrystalline cellulose was explored as possible biodegradable fillers in the fabrication of ABS plastic composites. TGA indicates that upon inclusion of cellulose microcrystals the thermal stability of the ABS plastics was improved significantly when compared to the neat ABS plastic counterparts. Furthermore, inclusion of extracted cellulose from plant biomass showed a higher thermal stability with maximum decomposition temperatures around 131.95°C and 124.19°C for cellulose from cotton andHibiscus sabdariffa, respectively, when compared to that of the purchased cellulose. In addition, TMA revealed that the average CTE value for the neat ABS and 1 : 1 ratio of cellulose to ABS fabricated in this study was significantly lower than the reported CTE (ca. 73.8 μm/m°C).
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35
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Qin X, Xia W, Sinko R, Keten S. Tuning Glass Transition in Polymer Nanocomposites with Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals through Nanoconfinement. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:6738-6744. [PMID: 26340693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) exhibit impressive interfacial and mechanical properties that make them promising candidates to be used as fillers within nanocomposites. While glass-transition temperature (Tg) is a common metric for describing thermomechanical properties, its prediction is extremely difficult as it depends on filler surface chemistry, volume fraction, and size. Here, taking CNC-reinforced poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites as a relevant model system, we present a multiscale analysis that combines atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) surface energy calculations with coarse-grained (CG) simulations of relaxation dynamics near filler-polymer interfaces to predict composite properties. We discover that increasing the volume fraction of CNCs results in nanoconfinement effects that lead to an appreciation of the composite Tg provided that strong interfacial interactions are achieved, as in the case of TEMPO-mediated surface modifications that promote hydrogen bonding. The upper and lower bounds of shifts in Tg are predicted by fully accounting for nanoconfinement and interfacial properties, providing new insight into tuning these aspects in nanocomposite design. Our multiscale, materials-by-design framework is validated by recent experiments and breaks new ground in predicting, without any empirical parameters, key structure-property relationships for nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
| | - Robert Sinko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
| | - Sinan Keten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
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36
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Iyer KA, Flores AM, Torkelson JM. Comparison of polyolefin biocomposites prepared with waste cardboard, microcrystalline cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals via solid-state shear pulverization. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate)/cellulose nanocrystal composites modified with phthalic anhydride. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:52-9. [PMID: 26428099 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As a kind of biomass nanofiller for polymers, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) has good mechanical properties and reinforcing capability. To improve the compatibility of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA)/CNC composites, phthalic anhydride was used as a compatilizer during melt mixing, leading to the significant improvement of the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites, which is related to the better dispersion of CNC in the composites. The addition of phthalic anhydride could accelerate the crystallization of PBSA component as evidenced by the curves of isothermal crystallization of the composites, but had little effect on the crystalline polymorphs of PBSA component. The addition of phthalic anhydride could strongly improve the hydrophobicity of the composites. The good mechanical properties, fast crystallization and improved hydrophobicity of PBSA/CNC composites with phthalic anhydride are favor to their practical commercial utilization.
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Importance of superior dispersion versus filler surface modification in producing robust polymer nanocomposites: The example of polypropylene/nanosilica hybrids. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Diop MF, Torkelson JM. Novel synthesis of branched polypropylene via solid-state shear pulverization. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Huan S, Bai L, Liu G, Cheng W, Han G. Electrospun nanofibrous composites of polystyrene and cellulose nanocrystals: manufacture and characterization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An electrospinning process was successfully utilized to manufacture polystyrene/cellulose nanocrystal (PS/CNC) nanofibrous mats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Huan
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- PR China
| | - Long Bai
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- PR China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- PR China
| | | | - Guangping Han
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- PR China
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