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Alotaibi H, Abeykoon C, Soutis C, Jabbari M. Infusion Simulation of Graphene-Enhanced Resin in LCM for Thermal and Chemo-Rheological Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:806. [PMID: 38399057 PMCID: PMC10890079 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The present numerical study proposes a framework to determine the heat flow parameters-specific heat and thermal conductivity-of resin-graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) (modified) as well as non-modified resin (with no GNPs). This is performed by evaluating the exothermic reaction which occurs during both the filling and post-filling stages of Liquid Composite Moulding (LCM). The proposed model uses ANSYS Fluent to solve the Stokes-Brinkman (momentum and mass), energy, and chemical species conservation equations to a describe nano-filled resin infusion, chemo-rheological changes, and heat release/transfer simultaneously on a Representative Volume Element (RVE). The transient Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method is employed to track free-surface propagation (resin-air interface) throughout the computational domain. A User-Defined Function (UDF) is developed together with a User-Defined Scaler (UDS) to incorporate the heat generation (polymerisation), which is added as an extra source term into the energy equation. A separate UDF is used to capture intra-tow (microscopic) flow by adding a source term into the momentum equation. The numerical findings indicate that the incorporation of GNPs can accelerate the curing of the resin system due to the high thermal conductivity of the nanofiller. Furthermore, the model proves its capability in predicting the specific heat and thermal conductivity of the modified and non-modified resin systems utilising the computed heat of reaction data. The analysis shows an increase of ∼15% in the specific heat and thermal conductivity due to different mould temperatures applied (110-170 °C). This, furthermore, stresses the fact that the addition of GNPs (0.2 wt.%) improves the resin-specific heat by 3.68% and thermal conductivity by 58% in comparison to the non-modified thermoset resin. The numerical findings show a satisfactory agreement with and in the range of experimental data available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim Alotaibi
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Institute of Earth and Space Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chamil Abeykoon
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Aerospace Research Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Constantinos Soutis
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Aerospace Research Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Masoud Jabbari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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2
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Nadtochiy AB, Gorb AM, Gorelov BM, Polovina OI, Korotchenkov O, Schlosser V. Model Approach to Thermal Conductivity in Hybrid Graphene-Polymer Nanocomposites. Molecules 2023; 28:7343. [PMID: 37959762 PMCID: PMC10647783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermal conductivity of epoxy nanocomposites filled with self-assembled hybrid nanoparticles composed of multilayered graphene nanoplatelets and anatase nanoparticles was described using an analytical model based on the effective medium approximation with a reasonable amount of input data. The proposed effective thickness approach allowed for the simplification of the thermal conductivity simulations in hybrid graphene@anatase TiO2 nanosheets by including the phenomenological thermal boundary resistance. The sensitivity of the modeled thermal conductivity to the geometrical and material parameters of filling particles and the host polymer matrix, filler's mass concentration, self-assembling degree, and Kapitza thermal boundary resistances at emerging interfaces was numerically evaluated. A fair agreement of the calculated and measured room-temperature thermal conductivity was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy B. Nadtochiy
- Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.B.N.); (A.M.G.); (O.I.P.); (O.K.)
| | - Alla M. Gorb
- Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.B.N.); (A.M.G.); (O.I.P.); (O.K.)
| | - Borys M. Gorelov
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 17 General Naumov Str., 03164 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Oleksiy I. Polovina
- Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.B.N.); (A.M.G.); (O.I.P.); (O.K.)
| | - Oleg Korotchenkov
- Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.B.N.); (A.M.G.); (O.I.P.); (O.K.)
- Erwin Schrödinger International Institute for Mathematics and Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktor Schlosser
- Department of Electronic Properties of Materials, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
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Wang Y, Li W, Wei Y, Chen Q. Recyclable Monolithic Vitrimer Foam for High-Efficiency Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36888737 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the exponentially rapid development of solar-driven interfacial evaporation, evaporators with both high evaporation efficiency and recyclability are highly desirable to alleviate resource waste and environmental problems but remain challenging. Here, a monolithic evaporator was developed based on a dynamic disulfide vitrimer (a covalently cross-linked polymer network with associative exchangeable covalent bonds). Two types of solar absorbers, carbon nanotubes and oligoanilines, were simultaneously introduced to enhance the optical absorption. A high evaporation efficiency of 89.2% was achieved at 1 sun (1 kW m-2). When the evaporator was applied to solar desalination, it shows self-cleaning performance with long-term stability. Drinkable water with low ion concentrations satisfying the drinkable water levels of the World Health Organization and a high output (8.66 kg m-2, 8 h per day) was obtained, revealing great potential for practical seawater desalination. Moreover, a high-performance film material was obtained from the used evaporator via simple hot-pressing, indicating excellent fully closed-loop recyclability of the evaporator. This work provides a promising platform for high-efficiency and recyclable solar-driven interfacial evaporators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Mohammadi S, Babaei A. Poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/polyethylene glycol-assembled graphene oxide bio-nanocomposites as a prosperous candidate for biomedical applications and drug/food packaging industry. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:528-538. [PMID: 35051501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The graphene oxide (GO) nanoplates and polyethylene glycol-decorated GO (GO-PEG nano-hybrid) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, Raman, XRD, AFM, FE-SEM-EDAX and MTT assay. Obtained results confirmed the graphite oxidation and also assembly of PEG upon GO plates. The MTT assay indicated that GO-PEG nanohybrid enhanced biocompatibility to cells compared to the GO. The GO-PEG nanohybrid was introduced to the polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan carbohydrate (PVA/CS) blends. The bio-nanocomposite were prepared by simple casting method. The GO-PEG nanohybrids demonstrated a significant role in improving thermal, mechanical and antibacterial properties. Accordingly, bio-nanocomposites containing modified GO (PVA/CS/GO-PEG) exhibited higher glass transition temperature (Tg), Young's modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break and antibacterial properties than nanocomposites containing pure GO (PVA/CS/GO). The biodegradation outcomes indicated that the highest weight loss and degradability is related to the bio-nanocomposite containing modified GO (PVA/CS/GO-PEG), which was also confirmed by FE-SEM micrographs. Therefore, PVA/CS/GO-PEG bio-nanocomposites can be a suitable candidate for biomedical applications (tissue engineering, wound dressing) and food-drug packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Mohammadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amir Babaei
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
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Katti P, Verma KK, Kumar S, Bose S. Tuning the interface in epoxy-based composites and laminates through epoxy grafted graphene oxide enhances mechanical properties. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6739-6749. [PMID: 36132648 PMCID: PMC9417678 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Improved dispersion together with enhanced interfacial adhesion of the reinforcement is the key to superior structural properties in polymer nanocomposites. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) is employed to reinforce epoxy, and in order to improve the interfacial adhesion, epoxy chains were grafted directly onto GO prior to composite preparation. The functionalized GO sheets were systematically characterized using FTIR, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and XPS. The epoxy composites with GO and epoxy grafted graphene oxide (Ep-g-GO) were prepared with the addition of only a small amount (0.5 wt%) of GO using a mechanical stirrer coupled to a bath sonicator. This strategy resulted in an impressive increase in mechanical properties, 40% in storage modulus, 70% in hardness, 39% in fracture toughness, and 8% in tensile strength, as compared to neat epoxy. In addition, the modified composites were thermally stable up to 300 °C as inferred from the thermogravimetric analysis. The enhanced properties of the composites further led to investigating the effect of Ep-g-GO on epoxy/carbon fiber (CF) laminates. Interestingly, incorporation of 0.5 wt% Ep-g-GO resulted in improved interfacial adhesion between GO and the epoxy matrix, which enhanced the tensile strength by 12% and inter-laminar shear strength by 9% as compared to neat epoxy/CF laminates. This study clearly demonstrates the positive effect of the tailored interface, offered by Ep-g-GO, on the mechanical properties of epoxy composites and epoxy/CF laminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Katti
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
| | - K K Verma
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
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Lewis JS, Perrier T, Barani Z, Kargar F, Balandin AA. Thermal interface materials with graphene fillers: review of the state of the art and outlook for future applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:142003. [PMID: 33049724 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc0c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We review the current state-of-the-art graphene-enhanced thermal interface materials for the management of heat in the next generation of electronics. Increased integration densities, speed and power of electronic and optoelectronic devices require thermal interface materials with substantially higher thermal conductivity, improved reliability, and lower cost. Graphene has emerged as a promising filler material that can meet the demands of future high-speed and high-powered electronics. This review describes the use of graphene as a filler in curing and non-curing polymer matrices. Special attention is given to strategies for achieving the thermal percolation threshold with its corresponding characteristic increase in the overall thermal conductivity. Many applications require high thermal conductivity of composites, while simultaneously preserving electrical insulation. A hybrid filler approach, using graphene and boron nitride, is presented as a possible technology providing for the independent control of electrical and thermal conduction. The reliability and lifespan performance of thermal interface materials is an important consideration towards the determination of appropriate practical applications. The present review addresses these issues in detail, demonstrating the promise of graphene-enhanced thermal interface materials compared to alternative technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Lewis
- Phonon Optimized Engineered Materials (POEM) Center, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - Timothy Perrier
- Phonon Optimized Engineered Materials (POEM) Center, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - Zahra Barani
- Phonon Optimized Engineered Materials (POEM) Center, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - Fariborz Kargar
- Phonon Optimized Engineered Materials (POEM) Center, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - Alexander A Balandin
- Phonon Optimized Engineered Materials (POEM) Center, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
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Yamamoto S, Tanaka K. Entropy-driven segregation in epoxy-amine systems at a copper interface. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1359-1367. [PMID: 33325969 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01600d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The composition of an epoxy resin at the interface with the adherend is usually different from that in the bulk due to the enrichment of a specific constituent, a characteristic called interfacial segregation. For better adhesion, it should be precisely understood how epoxy and amine molecules exist on the adherend surface and react with each other to form a three-dimensional network. In this study, the entropic factor of the segregation in a mixture of epoxy and amine at the copper interface before and after the curing reaction is discussed on the basis of a full-atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Smaller molecules were preferentially segregated at the interface regardless of the epoxy and amine, and this segregation remained after the curing process. No segregation occurred at the interface for a combination composed of epoxy and amine molecules with a similar size. These findings make it clear that the size disparity between constituents affects the interfacial segregation via the packing and/or translational entropy. The curing reaction was slower near the interface than in the bulk, and a large amount of unreacted molecules remained there. Finally, the effect of molecular shape was also examined. Linear molecules were more likely to segregate than round-shaped ones even though they were similar in volume. We believe that these findings, which are difficult to obtain experimentally, contribute to the understanding of the interfacial adhesion phenomena on a molecular scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yamamoto
- Centre for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Centre for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. and Department of Automotive Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan and International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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8
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Yu Y, Wang Z, Sun R, Chen Z, Liu M, Zhou X, Yao M, Wang G. Self-Supported Reduced Graphene Oxide Membrane and Its Cu 2+ Adsorption Capability. MATERIALS 2020; 14:ma14010146. [PMID: 33396311 PMCID: PMC7794842 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene stratiform membrane materials have been recently applied to heavy metal removal in aqueous systems via adsorption due to their high mechanical strength, chemical stability, and other properties. We applied reduced graphene oxide (rGO) alone as an adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater. Self-supported rGO membrane was prepared using a green reduction method with sodium hydrosulfite. We used the Raman spectra to observe the structure of the rGO membrane. The morphology of the self-supported membrane was measured by a scanning electron microscope. The Cu2+ adsorption performance was measured in terms of pH, reaction time, metal ion concentration, and temperature. The maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of the rGO membrane was found to be 149.25 mg/g. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and adsorption isotherms were simulated by the Freundlich model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjinghua Yu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Runjun Sun
- School of Textiles and Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China;
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology, Nantong 226014, China; (Z.C.); (M.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Meicheng Liu
- Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology, Nantong 226014, China; (Z.C.); (M.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology, Nantong 226014, China; (Z.C.); (M.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Mu Yao
- School of Textiles and Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China;
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (G.W.)
| | - Guohe Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (G.W.)
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10
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Thalib NB, Mustapha SNH, Feng CK, Mustapha R. Tailoring graphene reinforced thermoset and biothermoset composites. REV CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2017-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe surge of knowledge among researchers pertaining to the excellent properties of graphene has led to the utilisation of graphene as a reinforced filler in polymer composites. Different methods of graphene preparation, either bottom-up or top-down methods, are important requirements of starting materials in producing reinforced properties in the composites. The starting graphene material produced is either further functionalised or directly used as a filler in thermoset polymer matrixes. An effective interaction between graphene and polymer matrixes is important and can be achieved by incorporating graphene into a thermoset polymer matrix through melt mixing, solution mixing or in situ polymerisation processes. In addition, by taking into consideration the importance of green and sustainable composites, the details of previous work on graphene reinforced bio-thermoset polymer matrixes is discussed. The resultant mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were associated to the chemical interaction between the graphene filler and a thermoset matrix. Exploration for further variations of graphene polymer composites are discussed by taking the reinforcement properties in graphene composite as a starting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Bazilah Thalib
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Noor Hidayah Mustapha
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Chong Kwok Feng
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Rohani Mustapha
- School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Mirabedini A, Ang A, Nikzad M, Fox B, Lau K, Hameed N. Evolving Strategies for Producing Multiscale Graphene-Enhanced Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites for Smart Structural Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903501. [PMID: 32537406 PMCID: PMC7284224 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has become an important research focus in many current fields of science including composite manufacturing. Developmental work in the field of graphene-enhanced composites has revealed several functional and structural characteristics that promise great benefits for their use in a broad range of applications. There has been much interest in the production of multiscale high-performance, lightweight, yet robust, multifunctional graphene-enhanced fiber-reinforced polymer (gFRP) composites. Although there are many reports that document performance enhancement in materials through the inclusion of graphene nanomaterials into a matrix, or its integration onto the reinforcing fiber component, only a few graphene-based products have actually made the transition to the marketplace. The primary focus of this work concerns the structural gFRPs and discussion on the corresponding manufacturing methodologies for the effective incorporation of graphene into these systems. Another important aspect of this work is to present recent results and highlight the excellent functional and structural properties of the resulting gFRP materials with a view to their future applications. Development of clear standards for the assessment of graphene material properties, improvement of existing materials and scalable manufacturing technologies, and specific regulations concerning human health and environmental safety are key factors to accelerate the successful commercialization of gFRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Mirabedini
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVIC3122Australia
- DMTC Limited (Australia)HawthornVIC3122Australia
| | - Andrew Ang
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVIC3122Australia
| | - Mostafa Nikzad
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVIC3122Australia
| | - Bronwyn Fox
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVIC3122Australia
| | - Kin‐Tak Lau
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVIC3122Australia
| | - Nishar Hameed
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVIC3122Australia
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12
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Graphene oxide modified carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2019-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The interfacial interaction between the fiber and matrix is the most important factor which influences the performance of the carbon fiber-epoxy composites. In this study, the graphitic surface of the carbon fibers was modified with graphene oxide nanomaterials by using a spray coating technique which is an easy, cheap, and quick method. The carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites were prepared by hand layup technique using neat carbon fibers and 0.5, 1 and 2% by weight graphene oxide (GO) modified carbon fibers. As a result of SEM analysis, it was observed that GO particles were homogeneously coated on the surface of the carbon fibers. Furthermore, Young's modulus increased from 35.14 to 43.40 GPa, tensile strength increased from 436 to 672 MPa, and the elongation at break was maintained around 2% even in only 2% GO addition.
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13
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Kelnar I, Zhigunov A, Kaprálková L, Krejčíková S, Dybal J, Janata M. Nano-modified epoxy: the effect of GO-based complex structures on mechanical performance. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11357-11364. [PMID: 35495337 PMCID: PMC9050425 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00202j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of nanofillers (NFs) in multicomponent polymer systems is accompanied by important structure-directing effects that are more marked in partially miscible systems, such as polymer-modified epoxy. This study deals with rubber-modified epoxy using different combinations of GO and amine-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (ATBN), including in situ and pre-made grafting. Moreover, GO grafted via planar epoxy groups or solely edge-localized carboxyls was used. It is shown that the grafted ATBN chains promote the assembly of GO-g-ATBN into nacre-mimicking lamellar structures instead of usual exfoliation in thermoplastics. This complex structure of elastically embedded GO leads to the best mechanical performance. It is obvious that a small concentration of the grafted polymer exceeds the contribution of a higher concentration of separately added ATBN. The results highlight the important effect of the degree of grafted chains and geometry of the internal structure of the self-assembled arrays and their effect on the mechanical performance. ATBN-grafted GO forms nacre-mimicking lamellar structures in epoxy; the effect of grafting geometry on the structure/property relationship is highlighted.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kelnar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kaprálková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Krejčíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dybal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Janata
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Praha Czech Republic
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Controllably coated graphene oxide particles with enhanced compatibility with poly(ethylene-co-propylene) thermoplastic elastomer for excellent photo-mechanical actuation capability. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Menon AV, Madras G, Bose S. The journey of self-healing and shape memory polyurethanes from bench to translational research. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00854c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this critical review, we have enlisted a comprehensive summary of different approaches that have been used over the past decade to synthesize self-healing polyurethanes including “close then heal” and “shape memory assisted self-healing” concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya V. Menon
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Giridhar Madras
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
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16
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Katti P, Kundan KV, Kumar S, Bose S. Poly(ether ether ketone)-Grafted Graphene Oxide "Interconnects" Enhance Mechanical, Dynamic Mechanical, and Flame-Retardant Properties in Epoxy Laminates. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:17487-17495. [PMID: 31458353 PMCID: PMC6643512 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the interface of epoxy and graphene oxide (GO) is tailored through hydroxylated poly(ether ether ketone) (HPEEK). The resultant modification (HPEEK-g-GO) improved the interfacial adhesion between epoxy and carbon fiber (CF) in the laminates. This strategy resulted in improved tensile strength, modulus, and storage modulus by 8, 10, and 26%, respectively, with respect to control samples (epoxy/CF laminates). The HPEEK-g-GO was thoroughly characterized using spectroscopic techniques and was infused using vacuum-enhanced resin infusion technology into the epoxy/CF laminates. To address the challenges involved with primary agglomeration, the composite formulation was subjected to mechanical stirring coupled with bath sonication throughout the mixing process. The improved structural properties in epoxy/CF laminates were attributed to HPEEK-g-GO "interconnects", which provided the necessary reinforcement owing to better interfacial adhesion with the CF mat as inferred from the fracture surface morphology assessed using SEM. In addition, the epoxy laminates containing HPEEK-g-GO also showed flame-retardant properties along with good thermal stability. The electromagnetic interference shielding capability of the modified laminates was also evaluated in the frequency range of 12-18 GHz. It was observed that the laminates exhibited a shielding effectiveness of -50 dB. Thus, this strategy offers some promise in fabricating epoxy/CF laminates with multifunctional properties through HPEEK-g-GO "interconnects".
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17
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Abbas SS, Rees GJ, Kelly NL, Dancer CEJ, Hanna JV, McNally T. Facile silane functionalization of graphene oxide. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16231-16242. [PMID: 30124719 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04781b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The facile silane functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) was achieved yielding vinyltrimethoxysilane-reduced graphene oxide (VTMOS-rGO) nanospheres located in the inter-layer spacing between rGO sheets via an acid-base reaction using aqueous media. The successful grafting of the silane agent with pendant vinyl groups to rGO was confirmed by a combination of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The structure and speciation of the silane-graphene network (nanosphere) and, the presence of free vinyl groups was verified from solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) and solution 13C and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. Evidence from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and TEM-High-Angle Annular Dark-Field (TEM-HAADF) imaging showed that these silane networks aided the exfoliation of the rGO layers preventing agglomeration, the interlayer spacing increased by 10 Å. The thermal stability (TGA/DTA) of VTMOS-rGO was significantly improved relative to GO, displaying just one degradation process for the silane network some 300 °C higher than either VTMOS or GO alone. The reduction of GO to VTMOS-rGO induced sp2 hybridization and enhanced the electrical conductivity of GO by 105 S m-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda S Abbas
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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18
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Rohini R, Verma K, Bose S. Interfacial Architecture Constructed Using Functionalized MWNT Resulting in Enhanced EMI Shielding in Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composites. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:3974-3982. [PMID: 31458635 PMCID: PMC6641593 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have attempted to improve electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and mechanical behavior of epoxy/carbon fiber (CF) composite, simultaneously, in the presence of functionalized carbon nanotubes. It is well understood that properties of composite depend on the interface between the filler and matrix. Considering this basic understanding, functionalized carbon nanotubes/epoxy nanocomposites were impregnated into a bidirectional carbon fiber (CF) mat and, further, various mechanical and EMI shielding behaviors were studied. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with branched poly(ethyleneimine) (b-MWNT) to tailor the interface of epoxy/CF composites. Laminates with two layers of CF were fabricated with functional MWNT modified epoxy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the microstructure of epoxy/CF laminates. Lap shear test was performed to analyze adhesion between the modified epoxy and carbon fiber. Further dynamic mechanical analysis in the temperature range of 30-160 °C was performed. Thermal degradation of composites was studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer. Electrical conductivity of laminates was measured using a four-point method on an Agilent probe station. EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) was measured for 0.5 mm-thin laminates in the Ku band. The b-MWNT modified epoxy/CF composites showed excellent SET of ca. -60 dB and SEA of ca. -50 dB, which are of commercial importance. Compared to unmodified epoxy/CF, b-MWNTs/epoxy/CF exhibited 200% increment in EMI SET and 35% enhancement in storage modulus due to the improved interface between the epoxy matrix and carbon fiber.
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19
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Panaitescu DM, Gabor RA, Nicolae CA, Parau AC, Vitelaru C, Raditoiu V, Chipara M. Block Copolymer Elastomer with Graphite Filler: Effect of Processing Conditions and Silane Coupling Agent on the Composite Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E46. [PMID: 30966080 PMCID: PMC6415092 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of morphology and interface in poly(styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene) (SEBS) composites with graphitic fillers is extremely important for the design of piezoresistive sensors for body motion or flexible temperature sensors. The effects of a high amount of graphite (G) and silane coupling agent on the morphology and properties of SEBS composites with anisotropic mechanical properties are reported. The physical and chemical bonding of silane to both G and SEBS surface was proved by EDX and TGA results; this improved interface influenced both the thermal and mechanical properties of the composite. The vinyltriethoxysilane (VS) promoted the formation of char residue and, being tightly bound to both SEBS and G, did not show separate decomposition peak in the TGA curve of composites. The mechanical properties were measured on two perpendicular directions and were improved by both the addition of VS and the increased amount of G; however, the increase of storage modulus due to orientation (from 5 to 15 times depending on the composition and direction of the test) was more important than that provided by the increase of G concentration, which was a maximum of four times that obtained for 15 wt % graphite. A mechanism to explain the influence of G content and treatment on the variation of storage modulus and tan δ depending on the direction of the test was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Raluca Augusta Gabor
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Cristian Andi Nicolae
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Anca Constantina Parau
- National Institute for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor St., Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Catalin Vitelaru
- National Institute for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor St., Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Valentin Raditoiu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Mircea Chipara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
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20
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Wu B, Ye L, Liu Y, Zhao X. Intercalation structure and toughening mechanism of graphene/urea-formaldehyde nanocomposites prepared viain situpolymerization. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Buyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Yalong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Xiaowen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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21
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Effect of oxygen functionalities of graphene oxide on polymerization and thermal properties of reactive benzoxazine nanocomposites. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Electromagnetic wave suppressors derived from crosslinked polymer composites containing functional particles: Potential and key challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Fang H, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Bai SL. Three-Dimensional Graphene Foam-Filled Elastomer Composites with High Thermal and Mechanical Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26447-26459. [PMID: 28730803 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To meet the increasing demands for effective heat management of electronic devices, a graphene-based polymeric composite is considered to be one of the candidate materials owing to the ultrahigh thermal conductivity (TC) of graphene. However, poor graphene dispersion, low quality of exfoliated graphene, and strong phonon scattering at the graphene/matrix interface restrict the heat dissipation ability of graphene-filled composites. Here, a facile and versatile approach to bond graphene foam (GF) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is proposed, and the corresponding composite with considerable improvement in TC and insulativity is fabricated. First, three-dimensional GF was coated with polydopamine (PDA) via π-π stack and functional groups from PDA reacted with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS). Then, the modified GF was compressed (c-GF) to enhance density and infiltrated with PDMS to get the c-GF/PDA/APTS/PDMS composite. As a result, these processes endow the composite with high TC of in-plane 28.77 W m-1 K-1 and out-of-plane 1.62 W m-1 K-1 at 11.62 wt % GF loading. Besides, the composite manifests obvious improvement in mechanical properties, thermal stability, and insulativity compared to neat PDMS and GF/PDMS composite. An attempt to use the composite for cooling a ceramic heater is found to be successful. Above results open a way for such composites to be applied for the heat management of electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS/CAPT, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunhong Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS/CAPT, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS/CAPT, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanjuan Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS/CAPT, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu-Lin Bai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS/CAPT, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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24
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Adel M, El‐Shazly O, El‐Wahidy EF, El‐Maghraby A, Mohamed MA. Eco‐friendly produced lightweight structural graphene/polyamide 12 nanocomposite: Mechanical performance and the controlling microstructural mechanisms. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Adel
- Fabrication Technology DepartmentAdvanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City)New Borg El‐Arab Alexandria21934 Egypt
| | - Ossama El‐Shazly
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Science, Alexandria UniversityAlexandria Egypt
| | | | - Azza El‐Maghraby
- Fabrication Technology DepartmentAdvanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City)New Borg El‐Arab Alexandria21934 Egypt
| | - Marwa A.A. Mohamed
- Fabrication Technology DepartmentAdvanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City)New Borg El‐Arab Alexandria21934 Egypt
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25
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Katti P, Kundan K, Kumar S, Bose S. Improved mechanical properties through engineering the interface by poly (ether ether ketone) grafted graphene oxide in epoxy based nanocomposites. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Tiwari N, Agarwal N, Roy D, Mukhopadhyay K, Prasad NE. Tailor Made Conductivities of Polymer Matrix for Thermal Management: Design and Development of Three-Dimensional Carbonaceous Nanostructures. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Tiwari
- Directorate
of Nanomaterials and Technologies, DMSRDE, GT Road, Kanpur, India-208013
| | - Neha Agarwal
- Directorate
of Nanomaterials and Technologies, DMSRDE, GT Road, Kanpur, India-208013
| | - Debmalya Roy
- Directorate
of Nanomaterials and Technologies, DMSRDE, GT Road, Kanpur, India-208013
| | - Kingsuk Mukhopadhyay
- Directorate
of Nanomaterials and Technologies, DMSRDE, GT Road, Kanpur, India-208013
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27
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Li C, Li S, Yan S. Facile and green preparation of biobased graphene oxide/furan resin nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile and green approach was developed to prepare biobased graphene oxide (GO)/furan resin nanocomposites by directly transferring GO from water dispersion into furan resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Shengfang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei Polytechnic University
- Huangshi 435003
- PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation
| | - Shilin Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
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28
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Sanchis MJ, Redondo-Foj B, Carsí M, Ortiz-Serna P, Culebras M, Gómez CM, Cantarero A, Muñoz-Espí R. Controlling dielectrical properties of polymer blends through defined PEDOT nanostructures. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05597d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper reports the crucial role of the morphology of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanostructures on the thermal and dielectric properties of polymer blends prepared thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Sanchis
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada
- E.T.S.I.I
- Instituto de Tecnología Eléctrica Universitat Politècnica de Valencia
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Belén Redondo-Foj
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada
- E.T.S.I.I
- Instituto de Tecnología Eléctrica Universitat Politècnica de Valencia
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Marta Carsí
- Instituto de Automática e Informática Industrial
- Universitat Politècnica de Valencia
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Pilar Ortiz-Serna
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada
- E.T.S.I.I
- Instituto de Tecnología Eléctrica Universitat Politècnica de Valencia
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Mario Culebras
- Institute of Materials Science (ICMUV)
- University of Valencia
- 46071 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Clara M. Gómez
- Institute of Materials Science (ICMUV)
- University of Valencia
- 46071 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Andrés Cantarero
- Institute of Materials Science (ICMUV)
- University of Valencia
- 46071 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Espí
- Institute of Materials Science (ICMUV)
- University of Valencia
- 46071 Valencia
- Spain
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29
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Ferreira FV, Cividanes LDS, Brito FS, de Menezes BRC, Franceschi W, Simonetti EAN, Thim GP. Functionalization of Graphene and Applications. FUNCTIONALIZING GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-35110-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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30
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Zhuang H, Yang B, Heuser S, Huang N, Fu H, Jiang X. Graphene/3C-SiC Hybrid Nanolaminate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:28508-28517. [PMID: 26650041 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate a one-step approach to create graphene/3C-SiC nanolaminate structure using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition technique. Layer-by-layer arrangement of thin 3C-SiC layers and graphene sheets is obtained with the thicknesses of the individual 3C-SiC layers and graphene sheets being 5-10 nm and 2-5 nm, respectively. An intimate contact between 3C-SiC and the graphene sheets is achieved and the nanolaminate film shows a high room temperature conductivity of 96.1 S/cm. A dedicated structural analysis of the nanolaminates by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) reveals that the growth of the nanolaminates follows an iterative process: preferential graphene nucleation around the planar defects at the central region of the SiC layer, leading to the "splitting" of the SiC layer; and the thickening of the SiC layer after being "split". A growth mechanism based on both kinetics and thermodynamics is proposed. Following the proposed mechanism, it is possible to control the layer thickness of the graphene/3C-SiC hybrid nanolaminate by manipulating the carbon concentration in the gas phase, which is further experimentally verified. The high electrical conductivity, large surface area porous structure, feasible integration on different substrates (metal, Mo; semiconductor, Si and 2H-SiC; insulator, diamond) of the graphene/3C-SiC hybrid nanolaminate as well as other unprecedented advantages of the nanolaminate structure make it very promising for applications in mechanical, energy, and sensor-related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhuang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen , Paul-Bonatz-Str. 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Bing Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Steffen Heuser
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen , Paul-Bonatz-Str. 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Nan Huang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Haiyuan Fu
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen , Paul-Bonatz-Str. 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen , Paul-Bonatz-Str. 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
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