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Samsuri M, Purnama P. Development of Stereocomplex Polylactide Nanocomposites as an Advanced Class of Biomaterials-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2730. [PMID: 37376376 PMCID: PMC10305411 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review paper analyzes the development of advanced class polylactide (PLA) materials through a combination of stereocomplexation and nanocomposites approaches. The similarities in these approaches provide the opportunity to generate an advanced stereocomplex PLA nanocomposite (stereo-nano PLA) material with various beneficial properties. As a potential "green" polymer with tunable characteristics (e.g., modifiable molecular structure and organic-inorganic miscibility), stereo-nano PLA could be used for various advanced applications. The molecular structure modification of PLA homopolymers and nanoparticles in stereo-nano PLA materials enables us to encounter stereocomplexation and nanocomposites constraints. The hydrogen bonding of D- and L-lactide fragments aids in the formation of stereococomplex crystallites, while the hetero-nucleation capabilities of nanofillers result in a synergism that improves the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of materials, including stereocomplex memory (melt stability) and nanoparticle dispersion. The special properties of selected nanoparticles also allow the production of stereo-nano PLA materials with distinctive characteristics, such as electrical conductivity, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial properties. The D- and L-lactide chains in PLA copolymers provide self-assembly capabilities to form stable nanocarrier micelles for encapsulating nanoparticles. This development of advanced stereo-nano PLA with biodegradability, biocompatibility, and tunability properties shows potential for use in wider and advanced applications as a high-performance material, in engineering field, electronic, medical device, biomedical, diagnosis, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Samsuri
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya, Bekasi 17121, West Java, Indonesia;
| | - Purba Purnama
- School of Applied STEM, Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Tangerang 15339, Banten, Indonesia
- Vanadia Utama Science and Technology, PT Vanadia Utama, Jakarta 14470, Indonesia
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2
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Probing into the nucleation and reinforcing effects of poly (vinyl acetate) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in melt-processed poly (lactic acid) nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123421. [PMID: 36731697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Blending poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to fabricate nanocomposites is a valuable strategy to improve the properties of PLA without sacrificing its biodegradability. However, the nucleation and reinforcing mechanisms of CNCs for semi-crystalline PLA matrix are still elusive in melt-processed PLA/CNC nanocomposites. Herein, poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) chains were grafted onto the surface of CNCs via an efficient radical polymerization in an aqueous medium, making CNCs suitable for conventional melting processing techniques. It is found that the dispersion state of CNCs in the PLA matrix and the interface interaction between PLA and CNCs can be tailored by varying the PVAc grafting density. Further studies show that well-dispersed CNCs play a positive role in reinforcing PLA. But unexpectedly, the nucleation effect is suppressed even though the homogeneous dispersion of CNCs is achieved with higher PVAc grafting density because the rich PVAc chains at the interface dilute the PLA chains, thus hindering the nucleation and spherulite growth of PLA. This research sheds light on the nucleation and reinforcing mechanisms of polymer grafted CNCs, and will provide theoretical guidance for the industrialization of high-performance bio-based nanocomposites.
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3
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The Influence of Plasticizers and Accelerated Ageing on Biodegradation of PLA under Controlled Composting Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010140. [PMID: 36616489 PMCID: PMC9823598 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall performance of plasticizers on common mechanical and physical properties, as well as on the processability of polylactic acid (PLA) films, is well-explored. However, the influence of plasticizers on biodegradation is still in its infancy. In this study, the influence of natural-based dicarboxylic acid-based ester plasticizers (MC2178 and MC2192), acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC Citroflex A4), and polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) on the biodegradation of extruded PLA films was evaluated. Furthermore, the influence of accelerated ageing on the performance properties and biodegradation of films was further investigated. The biodegradation of films was determined under controlled thermophilic composting conditions (ISO 14855-1). Apart from respirometry, an evaluation of the degree of disintegration, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of film surfaces was conducted. The influence of melt-processing with plasticizers has a significant effect on structural changes. Especially, the degree of crystallinity has been found to be a major factor which affects the biodegradation rate. The lowest biodegradation rates have been evaluated for films plasticized with PEG 400. These lower molecular weight plasticizers enhanced the crystallinity degrees of the PLA phase due to an increase in chain mobility. On the contrary, the highest biodegradation rate was found for films plasticized with MC2192, which has a higher molecular weight and evoked minimal structural changes of the PLA. From the evaluated results, it could also be stated that migration of plasticizers, physical ageing, and chain scission of films prompted by ageing significantly influenced both the mechanical and thermal properties, as well as the biodegradation rate. Therefore, the ageing of parts has to be taken into consideration for the proper evolution of the biodegradation of plasticized PLA and their applications.
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Gomri C, Cretin M, Semsarilar M. Recent progress on chemical modification of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and its application in nanocomposite films and membranes-A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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A Review on Fully Bio-Based Materials Development from Polylactide and Cellulose Nanowhiskers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194009. [PMID: 36235960 PMCID: PMC9570733 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers the development of eco-friendly, bio-based materials based on polylactide (PLA) and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs). As a biodegradable polymer, PLA is one of the promising materials to replace petroleum-based polymers. In the field of nanocomposites, CNWs offer many advantages; they are made from renewable resources and exhibit beneficial mechanical and thermal properties in combination with polymer matrix. A wide range of surface modifications has been done to improve the miscibility of CNW with the PLA homopolymer, which generally gives rise to hydrophobic properties. PLA–CNW nanocomposite materials are fully degradable and sustainable and also offer improved mechanical and thermal properties. Limitations pertaining to the miscibility of CNWs with PLA were solved through surface modification and chemical grafting on the CNW surfaces. Further development has been done by combining PLA-based material via stereocomplexation approaches in the presence of CNW particles, known as bio-stereo-nanocomposite PLA–CNW. The combination of stereocomplex crystalline structures in the presence of well-distributed CNW particles produces synergetic effects that enhance the mechanical and thermal properties, including stereocomplex memory (melt stability). The bio-based materials from PLA and CNWs may serve as eco-friendly materials owing to their sustainability (obtained from renewable resources), biodegradability, and tunability properties.
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6
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Wu Q, Zhang X, Si C, Zhang M, Li C, Dai L. Green and stable lignin-based nanofillers reinforced poly(l-lactide) with supertough and strong performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1041-1052. [PMID: 36113586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs), as a new type of green nanomaterial, initiate many promising applications in polymer composites. However, their heterogeneity, dissolution in organic solvents, and poor compatibility in the polymer matrix greatly limited the applications of LNPs fillers. Herein, we proposed an antisolvent precipitation of the fractionations by combining a hydrothermal treatment-assisted synthesis to fabricate self-crosslinked LNPs (ScLNPs), which have good stability in the organic solvent and controllable sizes. After surface grafting modification with d-lactide, ScLNPs-graft-poly(d-lactide) (ScLNPs-g-PDLA) exhibited excellent dispersion and compatibility in PLLA matrix. Using the rational design and addition of ScLNPs-g-PDLA fillers, the strength and toughness of the generated PLLA composite reached 31.6 MPa and 396 % (the highest value among the PLLA materials), respectively. Furthermore, the mechanical performance can also be well-tuned by the sizes and amounts of LNPs fillers. This strategy involving only green and recyclable materials provides an effective route to producing sustainable polymeric plastics with integrated strength and super-toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Lin Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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McCright J, Skeen C, Yarmovsky J, Maisel K. Nanoparticles with dense poly(ethylene glycol) coatings with near neutral charge are maximally transported across lymphatics and to the lymph nodes. Acta Biomater 2022; 145:146-158. [PMID: 35381399 PMCID: PMC9133124 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels have recently been shown to effectively deliver immune modulatory therapies to the lymph nodes, which enhances their therapeutic efficacy. Prior work has shown that lymphatics transport 10-250 nm nanoparticles from peripheral tissues to the lymph node. However, the surface chemistry required to maximize this transport is poorly understood. Here, we determined the effect of surface poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) density and size on nanoparticle transport across lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) by differentially PEGylated model polystyrene nanoparticles. Using an established in-vitro lymphatic transport model, we found PEGylation improved the transport of 100 and 40 nm nanoparticles across LECs 50-fold compared to the unmodified nanoparticles and that transport is maximized when the PEG is in a dense brush conformation or high grafting density (Rf/D = 4.9). We also determined that these trends are not size-dependent. PEGylating 40 nm nanoparticles improved transport efficiency across LECs 68-fold compared to unmodified nanoparticles. We also found that PEGylated 100 nm and 40 nm nanoparticles accumulate in lymph nodes within 4 h after intradermal injection, while unmodified nanoparticles accumulated minimally. Densely PEGylated nanoparticles traveled the furthest distance from the injection site and densely PEGylated 40 nm nanoparticles had maximum accumulation in the lymph nodes compared to low density PEGylated and unmodified nanoparticles. Finally, we determined that nanoparticles are transported via both paracellular and transcellular mechanisms, and that PEG conformation modulates the cellular transport mechanisms. Our results suggest that PEG conformation is crucial to maximize nanoparticle transport across LECs and into lymphatic vessels, making PEG density a crucial design. Optimizing PEG density on nanoparticle formulations has the potential to enhance immunotherapeutic and vaccine outcomes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Lymphatic vessels are an emerging target for drug delivery both in the context of modulating immune responses and enhancing bioavailability by avoiding first pass hepatic metabolism after oral delivery. Lymphatic vessels are the natural conduits from peripheral tissues to the lymph nodes, where the adaptive immune response is shaped, and eventually to systemic circulation via the thoracic duct. Lymphatics can be targeted via nanoparticles, but the surface chemistry required to maximize nanoparticle transport by lymphatics vessels remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that coating nanoparticles with hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) effectively enhances their transport across lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo and that both paracellular and micropinocytosis mechanisms underly this transport. We found that dense PEG coatings maximize lymphatic transport of nanoparticles, thus providing new material design criteria for lymphatic targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob McCright
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, MD 20742, USA
| | - Colin Skeen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jenny Yarmovsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, MD 20742, USA
| | - Katharina Maisel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, MD 20742, USA.
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8
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Quantitative analysis of polymer-grafted cellulose nanocrystals using a ssNMR method on the basis of cross polarization reciprocity relation. Carbohydr Res 2022; 513:108519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Wohlhauser S, Rader C, Weder C. Facile Method to Determine the Molecular Weight of Polymer Grafts Grown from Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:699-707. [PMID: 35029986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges associated with the modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with polymers by surface-initiated polymerization is the characterization of the resulting products, notably the molecular weight of the grafts. The solid nature of the (modified) CNC nanoparticles limits the possibility to apply solution-based characterization techniques, and the cleavage of the macromolecules from the surface of the CNCs to enable their characterization using solution-based techniques is intricate. Here, we report that 1H NMR spectroscopy of the supernatant of the heterogeneous reaction mixture can be used to approximate the molecular weight of poly(hexyl methacrylate) grafts grown from the surface of CNCs via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. This was achieved using 1H NMR spectra to determine the monomer conversion from the change of the relative ratio of monomer and solvent signals in the 1H NMR spectra, which in turn allowed determining the weight of PHMA produced. The number-average molecular weight of the grafted polymer was then estimated by assuming that standard atom transfer radical polymerization kinetics are at play and using the initiator concentration on the CNC surface determined by elemental analysis. The method was validated by comparing the results with the gravimetric data and the data of free polymers that were synthesized with a sacrificial initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wohlhauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Chris Rader
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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10
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Influence of Interfacial Enantiomeric Grafting on Melt Rheology and Crystallization of Polylactide/Cellulose Nanocrystals Composites. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Chen S, Zhang ZL, Song F, Wang XL, Wang YZ. Rapid Synthesis of Polymer-Grafted Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposite via Surface-Initiated Cu(0)-Mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sikai Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ze-Lian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fei Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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12
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Monika, Mehmood K, Katiyar V. Effect of dicumyl peroxide on biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/functionalized gum arabic based films. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Vimal Katiyar
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati India
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13
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Wen X, Su Y, Li S, Ju W, Wang D. Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(ethylene oxide)/Poly(ethylene glycol)- g-silica Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:648. [PMID: 33671619 PMCID: PMC7926868 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix included with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafted silica (PEG-g-SiO2) nanoparticles and bare SiO2 were systematically investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM) method. PEG-g-SiO2 can significantly increase the crystallinity and crystallization temperature of PEO matrix under the non-isothermal crystallization process. Pronounced effects of PEG-g-SiO2 on the crystalline morphology and crystallization rate of PEO were further characterized by employing spherulitic morphological observation and isothermal crystallization kinetics analysis. In contrast to the bare SiO2, PEG-g-SiO2 can be well dispersed in PEO matrix at low P/N (P: Molecular weight of matrix chains, N: Molecular weight of grafted chains), which is a key factor to enhance the primary nucleation rate. In particular, we found that the addition of PEG-g-SiO2 slows the spherulitic growth fronts compared to the neat PEO. It is speculated that the interfacial structure of the grafted PEG plays a key role in the formation of nuclei sites, thus ultimately determines the crystallization behavior of PEO PNCs and enhances the overall crystallization rate of the PEO nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Wen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.W.); (S.L.); (W.J.); (D.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunlan Su
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.W.); (S.L.); (W.J.); (D.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.W.); (S.L.); (W.J.); (D.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weilong Ju
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.W.); (S.L.); (W.J.); (D.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.W.); (S.L.); (W.J.); (D.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Brdlík P, Borůvka M, Běhálek L, Lenfeld P. Biodegradation of Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposites under Controlled Composting Conditions and Freshwater Biotope. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040594. [PMID: 33669420 PMCID: PMC7920484 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of additives such as natural-based plasticiser acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), CaCO3 and lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) on the biodegradation of polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites was studied by monitoring microbial metabolic activity through respirometry. Ternary biocomposites and control samples were processed by a twin-screw extruder equipped with a flat film die. Commonly available compost was used for the determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of PLA biocomposites under controlled composting conditions (ISO 14855-1). In addition, the hydro-degradability of prepared films in a freshwater biotope was analysed. To determine the efficiency of hydro-degradation, qualitative analyses (SEM, DSC, TGA and FTIR) were conducted. The results showed obvious differences in the degradation rate of PLA biocomposites. The application of ATBC at 10 wt.% loading increased the biodegradation rate of PLA. The addition of 10 wt.% of CaCO3 into the plasticised PLA matrix ensured an even higher degradation rate at aerobic thermophilic composting conditions. In such samples (PLA/ATBC/CaCO3), 94% biodegradation in 60 days was observed. In contrast, neat PLA exposed to the same conditions achieved only 16% biodegradation. Slightly inhibited microorganism activity was also observed for ternary PLA biocomposites containing L-CNC (1 wt.% loading). The results of qualitative analyses of degradation in a freshwater biotope confirmed increased biodegradation potential of ternary biocomposites containing both CaCO3 and ATBC. Significant differences in the chemical and structural compositions of PLA biocomposites were found in the evaluated period of three months.
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15
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Arafa IM, Shatnawi MY, Abdallah MH, Algharaibeh ZA. Grafting of glycine, alanine, serine, and threonine on cellulose membranes and their role in regulating the uniport, symport, and antiport permeation of glucose. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1785459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isam M. Arafa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mazin Y. Shatnawi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad H. Abdallah
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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16
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The fabrication of polylactide/cellulose nanocomposites with enhanced crystallization and mechanical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:1578-1588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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Calvino C, Macke N, Kato R, Rowan SJ. Development, processing and applications of bio-sourced cellulose nanocrystal composites. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Clarkson CM, El Awad Azrak SM, Schueneman GT, Snyder JF, Youngblood JP. Crystallization kinetics and morphology of small concentrations of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) melt-compounded into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with plasticizer. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Morel A, Oberle SC, Ulrich S, Yazgan G, Spano F, Ferguson SJ, Fortunato G, Rossi RM. Revealing non-crystalline polymer superstructures within electrospun fibers through solvent-induced phase rearrangements. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16788-16800. [PMID: 31465059 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The design of nanofibers for biomedical applications requires a deep understanding of the fiber formation process and the resulting internal structure. In this regard, non-crystalline, mesomorphic structures play a central role in the processing of many polymers as precursors in the formation of crystalline superstructures (e.g. shish-kebab) and influence strongly the physical properties of polymers with a low degree of crystallinity. Yet, our ability to probe these relevant features is often greatly limited by their low contrast differences with the amorphous phase. We present an approach to reveal the organization of the mesomorphic superstructures within such polymeric materials, on the example of electrospun poly(l-lactide) nanofibers. Based on solvent-induced crystallization, this method employs fine-tuned solvent/non-solvent systems to enhance the contrast of these structural features by selectively triggering and controlling reorganization of the phases. Hereby, the mesomorphic regions are transformed into an α-crystalline phase, while the nanoscale spatial arrangement of the underlying superstructures is preserved. Combined with X-ray analytical techniques and electron microscopy, our approach provides detailed insights into the nanofiber's inner architecture, allowing for its direct visualization. Thereby, the influence of electrospinning parameters on the fiber formation process is explained as well as the impact of the resulting non-crystalline superstructures on single fiber mechanical properties. The method can be applied to comparable polymers for the development of materials with controlled, tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Morel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland.
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Polylactide cellulose-based nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:912-938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Wang J, Liu X, Jin T, He H, Liu L. Preparation of nanocellulose and its potential in reinforced composites: A review. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:919-946. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1612726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Haifeng He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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22
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Younas M, Noreen A, Sharif A, Majeed A, Hassan A, Tabasum S, Mohammadi A, Zia KM. A review on versatile applications of blends and composites of CNC with natural and synthetic polymers with mathematical modeling. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:591-626. [PMID: 30447361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is world's most abundant, renewable and recyclable polysaccharide on earth. Cellulose is composed of both amorphous and crystalline regions. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are extracted from crystalline region of cellulose. The most attractive feature of CNC is that it can be used as nanofiller to reinforce several synthetic and natural polymers. In this article, a comprehensive overview of modification of several natural and synthetic polymers using CNCs as reinforcer in respective polymer matrix is given. The immense activities of CNCs are successfully utilized to enhance the mechanical properties and to broaden the field of application of respective polymer. All the technical scientific issues have been discussed highlighting the recent advancement in biomedical and packaging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Younas
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqdas Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Sharif
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Majeed
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Abida Hassan
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Tabasum
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Mohammadi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan.
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Bano S, Negi YS, Illathvalappil R, Kurungot S, Ramya K. Studies on nano composites of SPEEK/ethylene glycol/cellulose nanocrystals as promising proton exchange membranes. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Towards polylactide/core-shell rubber blends with balanced stiffness and toughness via the formation of rubber particle network with the aid of stereocomplex crystallites. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Wu H, Nagarajan S, Shu J, Zhang T, Zhou L, Duan Y, Zhang J. Green and facile surface modification of cellulose nanocrystal as the route to produce poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites with improved properties. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 197:204-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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One-pot construction of cellulose-gelatin supramolecular hydrogels with high strength and pH-responsive properties. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 196:225-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Nagarajan S, Hu J, Wu H, Duan Y, Zhang J. Study on phase transition behavior and lamellar orientation of uniaxially stretched poly(ʟ-lactide) / cellulose nanocrystal-graft-poly(d-lactide) blend. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Wohlhauser S, Delepierre G, Labet M, Morandi G, Thielemans W, Weder C, Zoppe JO. Grafting Polymers from Cellulose Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wohlhauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gwendoline Delepierre
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Labet
- Renewable Materials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Morandi
- Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, Normandie Université, INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l’Université, 76801 Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Renewable Materials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Justin O. Zoppe
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Chakrabarty A, Teramoto Y. Recent Advances in Nanocellulose Composites with Polymers: A Guide for Choosing Partners and How to Incorporate Them. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E517. [PMID: 30966551 PMCID: PMC6415375 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the research on nanocellulose composites with polymers has made significant contributions to the development of functional and sustainable materials. This review outlines the chemistry of the interaction between the nanocellulose and the polymer matrix, along with the extent of the reinforcement in their nanocomposites. In order to fabricate well-defined nanocomposites, the type of nanomaterial and the selection of the polymer matrix are always crucial from the viewpoint of polymer⁻filler compatibility for the desired reinforcement and specific application. In this review, recent articles on polymer/nanocellulose composites were taken into account to provide a clear understanding on how to use the surface functionalities of nanocellulose and to choose the polymer matrix in order to produce the nanocomposite. Here, we considered cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as the nanocellulosic materials. A brief discussion on their synthesis and properties was also incorporated. This review, overall, is a guide to help in designing polymer/nanocellulose composites through the utilization of nanocellulose properties and the selection of functional polymers, paving the way to specific polymer⁻filler interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Chakrabarty
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yoshikuni Teramoto
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Fabrication of high-performance poly(l-lactic acid)/lignin-graft-poly(d-lactic acid) stereocomplex films. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 80:397-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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31
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Optically transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) with largely enhanced mechanical and shape memory properties via in-situ formation of polylactide stereocomplex in the matrix. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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32
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Saba N, Safwan A, Sanyang M, Mohammad F, Pervaiz M, Jawaid M, Alothman O, Sain M. Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:822-828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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