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De Breuck J, Jérôme V, Freitag R, Leiske MN. Zwitterionic Amino-Acid-Derived Polyacrylamides with a Betaine Twist - Synthesis and Characterization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2025; 46:e2400623. [PMID: 39312123 PMCID: PMC11713866 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Amino-acid-derived polyzwitterions and polybetaines (PBs) are two promising alternatives to non-ionic polymers, for example, to increase tumor permeability. In this study, amino-acid-derived polyzwitterions are synthesized and a strategy to quarternize the amine in the side chain functional group is developed to combine the advantages of both types. The functional monomer is polymerized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization for which a kinetic study is performed. Further, the impact of the permanent positive charge on amino-acid-derived polyzwitterions is studied based on two zwitterionic polymers obtained via post-polymerization modification (PPM) of Poly(N-acryloxysuccinimide) to allow good comparison between methylated and non-methylated polymers. Circular dichroism shows that the stereocenter remains intact during PPM. pH titration and ζ-potential measurements show that the methylated polymer has a negative ζ-potential over the measured pH range and, therefore, the polymer remains zwitterionic over a broader pH range than its non-methylated equivalent. Both polymers are well tolerated by mammalian cells up to concentrations of 1 mg mL-1. The study introduces a path to a new polymer class that combines the advantages of both PBs and amino-acid-derived polyzwitterions and highlights the impact a permanent charge has on the physiochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas De Breuck
- Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process BiotechnologyUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process BiotechnologyUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
- Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB)University of BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Meike N. Leiske
- Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
- Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
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2
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Pelras T, Es Sayed J, Pierik J, Giuntoli A, Hofman AH, Loos K, Kamperman M. Influence of counterions on the thermal and solution properties of strong polyelectrolytes. Polym Chem 2024; 16:69-81. [PMID: 39619472 PMCID: PMC11599942 DOI: 10.1039/d4py01218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
Strong polyelectrolytes (i.e., macromolecules whose charge density is independent of the medium's pH) are invaluable assets in the soft matter toolbox, as they can readily disperse in aqueous media, complex to oppositely charged species - polymers and small molecules alike - and can be implemented in a plethora of applications, ranging from surface modification to chelating agents and lubricants. However, the direct synthesis of strong polyelectrolytes in a controlled fashion remains a challenging endeavour, and their in-depth characterisation is often limited. Additionally, producing a set of charged macromolecules with the same chain length but varying counterions would open doors towards a fine control of the polymer's chemistry and physical properties. Unfortunately, this either necessitates the direct polymerisation of several monomers with potentially varying reactivities, or a time-consuming ion exchange from a single batch. Herein we explore the facile and efficient production of strong polyanions through the deprotection of a poly(3-isobutoxysulphopropyl methacrylate) using a range of inorganic and organic iodide-containing salts. Owing to the contrasting nature of their counterions, the resulting polyanions exhibit a wide range of glass transition temperatures, which follow a non-monotonic trend with increasing counterion size. While all polymers readily dissolve in water, some can also be dissolved in non-aqueous media as well. This strategy, applied to block copolymers, permits the production of a library of amphiphilic macromolecules with consistent hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks, yet varying nature of their polyanionic segments. All amphiphiles, regardless of their counterions, readily disperse in aqueous media and form well-defined micelles featuring a hydrophobic core and a charged hydrophilic shell, as evidenced by dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, a handful of block copolymers are capable of yielding polymer micelles in organic solvents, opening an avenue to the build-up of nanostructured soft matter in non-aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Pelras
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Julien Es Sayed
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jin Pierik
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Giuntoli
- Micromechanics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Anton H Hofman
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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Hlavatovičová E, Fernandez-Alvarez R, Byś K, Kereïche S, Mandal TK, Atanase LI, Štěpánek M, Uchman M. Stimuli-Responsive Triblock Terpolymer Conversion into Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Micelles with Dynamic Covalent Bonds for Drug Delivery through a Quick and Controllable Post-Polymerization Reaction. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010288. [PMID: 36678912 PMCID: PMC9867120 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive copolymers are of great interest for targeted drug delivery. This study reports on a controllable post-polymerization quaternization with 2-bromomethyl-4-fluorophenylboronic acid of the poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) block of a common poly(styrene)-b-poly(4-vinyl pyridine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (SVE) triblock terpolymer in order to achieve a selective responsivity to various diols. For this purpose, a reproducible method was established for P4VP block quaternization at a defined ratio, confirming the reaction yield by 11B, 1H NMR. Then, a reproducible self-assembly protocol is designed for preparing stable micelles from functionalized stimuli-responsive triblock terpolymers, which are characterized by light scattering and by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. In addition, UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to monitor the boron-ester bonding and hydrolysis with alizarin as a model drug and to study encapsulation and release of this drug, induced by sensing with three geminal diols: fructose, galactose and ascorbic acid. The obtained results show that only the latter, with the vicinal diol group on sp2-hybridized carbons, was efficient for alizarin release. Therefore, the post-polymerization method for triblock terpolymer functionalization presented in this study allows for preparation of specific stimuli-responsive systems with a high potential for targeted drug delivery, especially for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hlavatovičová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Alvarez
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Byś
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sami Kereïche
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 12801 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tarun K. Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Leonard Ionut Atanase
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.I.A.); (M.Š.); (M.U.)
| | - Miroslav Štěpánek
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (L.I.A.); (M.Š.); (M.U.)
| | - Mariusz Uchman
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (L.I.A.); (M.Š.); (M.U.)
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4
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Malekzadeh A, Zahedi P, Abdouss M. Synthesis and performance evaluation of 5-fluorouracil-loaded zwitterionic poly(4-vinylpyridine) nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00121g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
After polymerizing 4-vinylpyridine, the obtained polymer was converted into zwitterionic nanoparticles containing 5-fluorouracil. Their potential for long-term blood circulation was investigated by in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Malekzadeh
- Nano-Biopolymers Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Zahedi
- Nano-Biopolymers Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Abdouss
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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5
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Wendler F, Tom JC, Sittig M, Biehl P, Dietzek B, Schacher FH. Block Copolymers Featuring Highly Photostable Photoacids Based on Vinylnaphthol: Synthesis and Self-Assembly. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900607. [PMID: 32037620 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a photoresponsive amphiphilic diblock quarterpolymer containing 5-vinyl-1-naphthol (VN) as a photostable photoacidic comonomer is presented. The preparation is realized via a sequential reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization starting from a nona(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MEO9 MA/"O") hydrophilic block, which is then used as a macro-RAFT agent in the terpolymerization of styrene (S), 2-vinylpyridine (2VP), and TBS-protected VN (tVN). The terpolymerization proceeds in a controlled fashion and two diblock quarterpolymers, P(Om )-b-P(Sx -co-2VPy -co-VNz ), with varying functional comonomer compositions are prepared. These diblock quarterpolymers form spherical core-corona micelles in aqueous media according to dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Upon irradiation, the photoacids within the micellar core experience a drastic increase in acidity causing a proton transfer from the photoacid to neighboring 2VP units. As a result, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the entire assembly is shifted, and the encapsulated cargo is released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wendler
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jessica C Tom
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Sittig
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Philip Biehl
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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6
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Ďorďovič V, Vojtová J, Jana S, Uchman M. Charge reversal and swelling in saccharide binding polyzwitterionic phenylboronic acid-modified poly(4-vinylpyridine) nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00938h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis and characterization of zwitterionic poly(4-vinylpyridine) nanoparticles quaternized with phenylboronic acid (QxPVP-PBA) whose size and surface charge can be tuned by varying the saccharide and the degree of quaternization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Ďorďovič
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vojtová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Somdeb Jana
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Mariusz Uchman
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
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7
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Hofman AH, Fokkink R, Kamperman M. A mild and quantitative route towards well-defined strong anionic/hydrophobic diblock copolymers: synthesis and aqueous self-assembly. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01227c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined hydrophobic/strong anionic diblock copolymers were synthesized through a protected hydrophobic intermediate. Their self-assembly in aqueous solution was subsequently studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton H. Hofman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter
- Wageningen University
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
- Polymer Science
| | - Remco Fokkink
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter
- Wageningen University
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Polymer Science
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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8
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Poly(imidazoled glycidyl methacrylate-co-diethyleneglycol methyl ether methacrylate) – A new copolymer with tunable LCST and UCST behavior in water. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Billing M, Gräfe C, Saal A, Biehl P, Clement JH, Dutz S, Weidner S, Schacher FH. Zwitterionic Iron Oxide (γ-Fe2O3) Nanoparticles Based on P(2VP-grad-AA) Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Billing
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 D-07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 D-07743 Jena Germany
| | - Christine Gräfe
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II; Abteilung Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie; Universitätsklinikum Jena; Am Klinikum 1 D.07747 Jena Germany
| | - Adrian Saal
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 D-07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 D-07743 Jena Germany
| | - Philip Biehl
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 D-07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 D-07743 Jena Germany
| | - Joachim H. Clement
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 D-07743 Jena Germany
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II; Abteilung Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie; Universitätsklinikum Jena; Am Klinikum 1 D.07747 Jena Germany
| | - Silvio Dutz
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics; Technische Universität Ilmenau; Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 2 D.98693 Ilmenau Germany
| | - Steffen Weidner
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM); Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 D-12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 D-07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 D-07743 Jena Germany
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