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Wu J, Yin J, Hu J, Wang Q, Zhang H, Xin R, Wang S, Yan S, Zhang J. Strain-induced 3D-oriented crystallites in natural rubber/chitin nanofiber composites. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2932-2940. [PMID: 37013408 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) composites containing bio-based chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) exhibit a wide range of mechanical properties - from rubber to plastic behavior - with increasing chitin contents. A constrained 3-dimensional network can be formed by mixing natural rubber latex and a modified zwitterionic rigid chitin counterpart. By inclusion of highly anisotropic chitin nanofibers (30 wt%), strain-induced NR crystallization occurs at a much lower strain of 50%. More intriguingly, 2D-WAXD results reveal that the strain-induced crystallization of NR/ChNFs composites show 3-dimensionally oriented crystallite formation behaving similar to "3D-single crystals orientation" when the content of ChNFs is over 5 wt%. It is suggested that not only c-axis (NR chains) orients along the stretching direction, but also the a- and b-axes deliberately arrange along the normal direction and transverse direction, respectively. Structure and morphology in 3-dimensional spaces after strain-induced crystallization of the NR/ChNFs30 composite are investigated in detail. Therefore, this study might pave a new way to enhance mechanical properties by incorporation of ChNFs, obtaining 3-dimensionally oriented crystallites of novel multifunctional NR/ChNFs composite with shape memory ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao City 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao City 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao City 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Qiran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao City 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao City 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Xin
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao City 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Shaojuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao City 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Shouke Yan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao City 266042, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao City 266042, P. R. China.
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2
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Surface modified alpha zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) reinforced natural rubber composites for tire tread application. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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3
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Viable Properties of Natural Rubber/Halloysite Nanotubes Composites Affected by Various Silanes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010029. [PMID: 36616378 PMCID: PMC9824167 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) is incompatible with hydrophilic additives like halloysite nanotubes (HNT) due to their different polarity. The silane coupling agent is the ideal component to include in such a compound to solve this problem. Many types of silane are available for polymer composites depending on their functionalities. This work aimed to tune it to the composite based on NR and HNT. Four different silanes, namely Bis[3- (Triethoxysilyl)Propyl]Tetrasulfide (TESPT), 3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)Propyl] Ethylenediamine (AEAPTMS), and Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) were used. Here, the mechanical properties were used to assess the properties, paying close attention to how their reinforcement influenced their crystallization behavior after stretching. It was revealed that adding silane coupling agents greatly improved the composites' modulus, tensile strength, and tear strength. From the overall findings, AEAPTMS was viable for NR/HNT composites. This was in direct agreement with the interactions between NR and HNT that silanes had encouraged. The findings from stress-strain curves describing the crystallization of the composites are in good agreement with the findings from synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The corresponding silanes have substantially aided the strain-induced crystallization (SIC) of composites.
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4
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Osumi R, Yasui T, Tanaka R, Mai TT, Takagi H, Shimizu N, Tsunoda K, Sakurai S, Urayama K. Impact of Strain-Induced Crystallization on Fast Crack Growth in Stretched cis-1,4-Polyisoprene Rubber. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:747-752. [PMID: 35608107 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
cis-1,4-Polyisoprene (IR) elastomers harden via strain-induced crystallization (SIC) when the imposed stretch (λ) exceeds the onset value of SIC (λ*). We investigate the Mode-I fast crack growth in the IR sheets as a function of λ in a pure shear geometry. The steady-state crack velocity (V) increases with increasing λ, and V exceeds the shear wave speed of sound at λ > λs. Further stretch beyond λ* (>λs) causes SIC-driven hardening, resulting in a pronounced increase in V. The characteristics of the crack-tip strain field are also significantly influenced by the SIC-driven hardening: The crack-tip opening displacement increases with increasing λ at λ < λ* but exhibits an abrupt reduction beyond λ*. The crack-tip singularity and the area of strain increment caused by the crack growth change discontinuously around λ*. The abrupt variations in these crack-tip characteristics result from the considerable differences in the mechanical properties prior to the crack growth between the entirely amorphous state at λ < λ* and the partially crystallized state at λ > λ*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Osumi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yasui
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ruito Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Thanh-Tam Mai
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takagi
- Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tsunoda
- Advanced Materials Division, Bridgestone Corporation, Tokyo 187-8531, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakurai
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Urayama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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5
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Banda-Villanueva A, González-Zapata JL, Martínez-Cartagena ME, Magaña I, Córdova T, López R, Valencia L, Medina SG, Rodríguez AM, Soriano F, Díaz de León R. Synthesis and Vulcanization of Polymyrcene and Polyfarnesene Bio-Based Rubbers: Influence of the Chemical Structure over the Vulcanization Process and Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071406. [PMID: 35406280 PMCID: PMC9003078 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The overuse of fossil-based resources to produce thermoplastic materials and rubbers is dramatically affecting the environment, reflected in its clearest way as global warming. As a way of reducing this, multiple efforts are being undertaken including the use of more sustainable alternatives, for instance, those of natural origin as the main feedstock alternative, therefore having a lower carbon footprint. Contributing to this goal, the synthesis of bio-based rubbers based on β-myrcene and trans-β-farnesene was addressed in this work. Polymyrcene (PM) and polyfarnesene (PF) were synthesized via coordination polymerization using a neodymium-based catalytic system, and their properties were compared to the conventional polybutadiene (PB) and polyisoprene (PI) also obtained via coordination polymerization. Moreover, different average molecular weights were also tested to elucidate the influence over the materials' properties. The crosslinking of the rubbers was carried out via conventional and efficient vulcanization routes, comparing the final properties of the crosslinking network of bio-based PM and PF with the conventional fossil-based PB and PI. Though the mechanical properties of the crosslinked rubbers improved as a function of molecular weight, the chemical structure of PM and PF (with 2 and 3 unsaturated double bonds, respectively) produced a crosslinking network with lower mechanical properties than those obtained by PB and PI (with 1 unsaturated double bond). The current work contributes to the understanding of improvements (in terms of crosslinking parameters) that are required to produce competitive rubber with good sustainability/performance balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnulfo Banda-Villanueva
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - José Luis González-Zapata
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Manuel Eduardo Martínez-Cartagena
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Ilse Magaña
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Teresa Córdova
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Ricardo López
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Luis Valencia
- Biofiber Tech Sweden AB, Norrsken Hourse, Birger Jarlsgatan 57C, SE11356 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Sergio García Medina
- CIATEC, Omega 1201, Colonia Industrial Delta, Guanjuato 37545, Mexico; (S.G.M.); (A.M.R.)
| | | | - Florentino Soriano
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Ramón Díaz de León
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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El‐Nemr KF, Ali MA, Gad YH. Manifestation of the silicate filler additives and electron beam irradiation on properties of
SBR
/devulcanized waste tire rubber composites for floor tiles applications. POLYMER COMPOSITES 2022; 43:366-377. [DOI: 10.1002/pc.26381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled F. El‐Nemr
- Radiation Chemistry Department National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
| | - Magdy A. Ali
- Radiation Chemistry Department National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
| | - Yasser H. Gad
- Polymer Chemistry Department National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
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7
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Alshangiti DM. Impact of a nanomixture of carbon black and clay on the mechanical properties of a series of irradiated natural rubber/butyl rubber blend. E-POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2021-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A series of natural rubber/butyl rubber NR/IIR blend loaded with N660 carbon black (CB) and triethoxy vinyl silane treated clay nanoparticles (TCNPs) were prepared using gamma irradiation in the presence of a polyfunctional monomer, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). The effect of incorporating different contents of N660 CB and five parts per hundred of rubber (phr) of treated clay on the mechanical properties of the prepared nanocomposites has been investigated. The addition of TCNP to CB/rubber composites markedly increase their tensile strength due to the increase of the cross-link density. These results indicated that the TCNP may be enclosed or trapped in the occluded structure of CB. The effect of CB and the TCNP content on the tensile strength (σ), elongation at break (ε
b, %), and modulus of elasticity (E, MPa) of natural rubber/butyl rubber NR/IIR blend have been investigated. The incorporation of 5 phr of TCNP into 30 phr CB-loaded NR/IIR composites results in the increased tensile strength value by about 60%. Finally, theoretical models were used to interpret the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal M. Alshangiti
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities – Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , P.O. Box 12020 , Jubail , Saudi Arabia
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8
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Effect of Modified Silica Fume Using MPTMS for the Enhanced EPDM Foam Insulation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172996. [PMID: 34503036 PMCID: PMC8434316 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica fume (SF) is a by-product from the production of silicon metal, which has a relatively high silica concentration. The surface modified silica fume (mSF) is treated with (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) as filler in ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) foam. The FTIR spectra of mSF clearly indicated that MPTMS can be successfully bonded to the SF surface. The reinforcing efficiency of mSF-filled EPDM foam insulation indicated that the mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, modulus, and compression set enhanced higher than in case of SF and calcium carbonate. While the cure characteristics such as the maximum torque (MH), the minimum torque (ML) and the differential torque (MH-ML) are increasing in proportion to increasing filler contents, mainly with mSF. For the cure behavior, the mSF-filled EPDM foam insulation showed the fastest cure time (tc90) and scorch time (ts2) due to reduced accelerator adsorption. Whereas, the calcium carbonate-filled EPDM foam insulation increased the cure time (tc90) and scorch time (ts2), therefore, it also prevents compound scorching. The results indicated that the mSF with MPTMS can be used as an alternative filler for EPDM foam insulation.
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9
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El Maanaoui H, Meier J. Lifetime prediction with temperature dependence for EPDM and NR elastomers based on fatigue crack growth mechanical measurements and filler distribution. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Thermomechanical Modeling of Microstructure Evolution Caused by Strain-Induced Crystallization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112575. [PMID: 33147849 PMCID: PMC7693137 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present contribution deals with the thermomechanical modeling of the strain-induced crystallization in unfilled polymers. This phenomenon significantly influences mechanical and thermal properties of polymers and has to be taken into consideration when planning manufacturing processes as well as applications of the final product. In order to simultaneously capture both kinds of effects, the model proposed starts by introducing a triple decomposition of the deformation gradient and furthermore uses thermodynamic framework for material modeling based on the Coleman–Noll procedure and minimum principle of the dissipation potential, which requires suitable assumptions for the Helmholtz free energy and the dissipation potential. The chosen setup yields evolution equations which are able to simulate the formation and the degradation of crystalline regions accompanied by the temperature change during a cyclic tensile test. The boundary value problem corresponding to the described process includes the balance of linear momentum and balance of energy and serves as a basis for the numerical implementation within an FEM code. The paper closes with the numerical examples showing the microstructure evolution and temperature distribution for different material samples.
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11
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Charoenchai M, Tangbunsuk S, Keawwattana W. Silica-graphene oxide nanohybrids as reinforcing filler for natural rubber. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Ryu C, Yang J, Park W, Kim SJ, Kim DI, Seo G. Silica‐filled
NR
compounds prepared by dry and wet masterbatches with different mixing times. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changseok Ryu
- Mirae Scientific Instruments Inc. Gwangju South Korea
| | | | | | - Sun Jung Kim
- Mirae Scientific Instruments Inc. Gwangju South Korea
| | - Do Il Kim
- Mirae Scientific Instruments Inc. Gwangju South Korea
| | - Gon Seo
- Mirae Scientific Instruments Inc. Gwangju South Korea
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Le Cam JB, Albouy PA, Charlès S. Comparison between x-ray diffraction and quantitative surface calorimetry based on infrared thermography to evaluate strain-induced crystallinity in natural rubber. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:044902. [PMID: 32357740 DOI: 10.1063/1.5141851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The crystallinity of stretched crystallizable rubbers is classically evaluated using x-ray diffraction (XRD). As crystallization is a strongly exothermal phenomenon, quantitative surface calorimetry from infrared thermography offers an interesting alternative to XRD for determining the crystallinity. In this paper, the two measurement techniques have been used for evaluating the strain-induced crystallinity of the same unfilled natural rubber. This study provides the first comparison between the two techniques. The results obtained highlight the very satisfactory agreement between the two measurements, which opens a simple way for evaluating the strain-induced crystallinity from temperature measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-B Le Cam
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - P-A Albouy
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - S Charlès
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
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14
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Lockhorn D, Klüppel M. Structure–property relationships of silica/silane formulations in natural rubber, isoprene rubber and styrene–butadiene rubber composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Lockhorn
- Deutsches Institut für Kautschuktechnologie e.V, Eupener Straße 33 D‐30519 Hannover Germany
| | - Manfred Klüppel
- Deutsches Institut für Kautschuktechnologie e.V, Eupener Straße 33 D‐30519 Hannover Germany
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15
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Preparation of high-performance natural rubber/carbon black/molybdenum disulfide composite by using the premixture of epoxidized natural rubber and cysteine-modified molybdenum disulfide. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Nguyen VH, Vu CM, Choi HJ, Kien BX. Nanosilica Extracted from Hexafluorosilicic Acid of Waste Fertilizer as Reinforcement Material for Natural Rubber: Preparation and Mechanical Characteristics. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12172707. [PMID: 31450832 PMCID: PMC6747575 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanosilica particles are extracted from waste water containing a hexafluorosilicic acid discharged from Vietnamese fertilizer plants as an effective way not only to reduce waste water pollution but also to enhance the value of their waste water. Amorphous nanosilica particles are produced with diameters ranging from 40 to 60 nm and then adopted as a reinforcing additive for natural rubber (NR) composites. Morphological, mechanical, rheological, and thermal behaviors of the nanosilica-added NR composites are examined. Especially, mechanical behaviors of nanosilica-filled NR composites reach the optimum with 3 phr of nanosilica, at which its tensile strength, hardness, and decomposition temperature are improved by 20.6%, 7.1%, and 2.5%, respectively, compared with the pristine vulcanized NR. The improved mechanical properties can be explained by the tensile fractured surface morphology, which shows that the silica-filled NR is rougher than the pristine natural rubber sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Huy Nguyen
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Manh Vu
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Bui Xuan Kien
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Electric power University, 235 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Bac Tu Liem Dist, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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17
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Le Gac PY, Albouy PA, Sotta P. Strain-induced crystallization in a carbon-black filled polychloroprene rubber: Kinetics and mechanical cycling. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Li Z, Xu H, Xia X, Song Y, Zheng Q. Energy dissipation accompanying Mullins effect of nitrile butadiene rubber/carbon black nanocomposites. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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20
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Xie ZT, Luo MC, Huang C, Wei LY, Liu YH, Fu X, Huang G, Wu J. Effects of graphene oxide on the strain-induced crystallization and mechanical properties of natural rubber crosslinked by different vulcanization systems. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Li Q, Li X, Lee DH, Fan Y, Nam BU, Lee JE, Cho UR. Hybrid of bamboo charcoal and silica by tetraethoxysilane hydrolysis over acid catalyst reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Li
- Research Center of Eco-Friendly & High Performance Chemical Materials; Korea University of Technology and Education; Cheonan Chungnam 31253 Korea
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering; Korea University of Technology and Education; Cheonan Chungnam 31253 Korea
| | - Xiangxu Li
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering; Korea University of Technology and Education; Cheonan Chungnam 31253 Korea
| | - Dam-Hee Lee
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering; Korea University of Technology and Education; Cheonan Chungnam 31253 Korea
| | - Yuan Fan
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering; Korea University of Technology and Education; Cheonan Chungnam 31253 Korea
| | - Byeong-Uk Nam
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering; Korea University of Technology and Education; Cheonan Chungnam 31253 Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Lee
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering; Korea University of Technology and Education; Cheonan Chungnam 31253 Korea
| | - Ur-Ryong Cho
- Research Center of Eco-Friendly & High Performance Chemical Materials; Korea University of Technology and Education; Cheonan Chungnam 31253 Korea
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering; Korea University of Technology and Education; Cheonan Chungnam 31253 Korea
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