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Jaiaue P, Srimongkol P, Thitiprasert S, Piluk J, Thammaket J, Assabumrungrat S, Cheirsilp B, Tanasupawat S, Thongchul N. Inactivation of guanylate kinase in Bacillus sp. TL7-3 cultivated under an optimized ratio of carbon and nitrogen sources influenced GTP regeneration capability and sporulation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31956. [PMID: 38841476 PMCID: PMC11152743 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus sp. TL7-3 has potential as a dietary supplement to promote human and animal health. It produces spores that can survive in harsh environments. Thus, when supplemented with nutrients, these spores can withstand the acidic pH of the stomach and resume vegetative development in the gut when exposed to growth-promoting conditions. Spores are formed as a cellular defense mechanism when a culture experiences stress and process optimization to achieve high spore production in a typical batch process remains challenging. Existing literature on the manipulation of gene expression and enzyme activity during batch cultivation is limited. Studies on the growth patterns, morphological changes, and relevant gene expression have aided in enhancing spore production. The present study used the response surface methodology for medium optimization. The model suggested that yeast extract and NH4Cl were significant factors controlling spore production. A comparison between the high weight ratio of carbon and nitrogen (C:N) substrates (8.57:1) in the optimized and basal media (0.52:1) showed an 8.76-fold increase in the final spore concentration. The expression of major genes, including codY, spo0A, kinA, and spo0F, involved in the sporulation was compared when cultivating Bacillus sp. TL7-3 in media with varying C:N ratios. At high C:N ratios, spo0A, kinA, and spo0F were upregulated, whereas codY was downregulated. This led to decreased guanylate kinase activity, resulting in a low guanosine triphosphate concentration and inactivation of CodY, thereby reducing the repression of spo0A and CodY-repressed genes and stimulating sporulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phetcharat Jaiaue
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piroonporn Srimongkol
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sitanan Thitiprasert
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jirabhorn Piluk
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jesnipit Thammaket
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Assabumrungrat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Somboon Tanasupawat
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuttha Thongchul
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kumar V, Naik B, Kumar A, Khanduri N, Rustagi S, Kumar S. Probiotics media: significance, challenges, and future perspective - a mini review. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe health benefits associated with probiotics have increased their application in pharmaceutical formulations and functional food development. High production of probiotic biomass requires a cost-effective production method and nutrient media optimization. The biomass production of probiotics can be enhanced by optimizing growth parameters such as substrate, pH, incubation time, etc. For economical industrial production of probiotic biomass, it is required to design a new medium with low cost. Wastes from the food industries are promising components for the development of the low-cost medium. Industrial wastes such as cheese whey and corn steep liquor are excellent examples of reliable sources of nitrogen for the biomass production of probiotic bacteria. The increased yield of biomass reduced the cost of production. This review focuses on the importance of probiotic media for biomass production and its challenges.
Graphical Abstract
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A Review of the Effects and Production of Spore-Forming Probiotics for Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071941. [PMID: 34209794 PMCID: PMC8300232 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spore-forming probiotics are widely used in the poultry industry for their beneficial impact on host health. The main feature that separates spore-forming probiotics from the more common lactic acid probiotics is their high resistance to external and internal factors, resulting in higher viability in the host and correspondingly, greater efficiency. Their most important effect is the ability to confront pathogens, which makes them a perfect substitute for antibiotics. In this review, we cover and discuss the interactions of spore-forming probiotic bacteria with poultry as the host, their health promotion effects and mechanisms of action, impact on poultry productivity parameters, and ways to manufacture the probiotic formulation. The key focus of this review is the lack of reproducibility in poultry research studies on the evaluation of probiotics’ effects, which should be solved by developing and publishing a set of standard protocols in the professional community for conducting probiotic trials in poultry. Abstract One of the main problems in the poultry industry is the search for a viable replacement for antibiotic growth promoters. This issue requires a “one health” approach because the uncontrolled use of antibiotics in poultry can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance, which is a concern not only in animals, but for humans as well. One of the promising ways to overcome this challenge is found in probiotics due to their wide range of features and mechanisms of action for health promotion. Moreover, spore-forming probiotics are suitable for use in the poultry industry because of their unique ability, encapsulation, granting them protection from the harshest conditions and resulting in improved availability for hosts’ organisms. This review summarizes the information on gastrointestinal tract microbiota of poultry and their interaction with commensal and probiotic spore-forming bacteria. One of the most important topics of this review is the absence of uniformity in spore-forming probiotic trials in poultry. In our opinion, this problem can be solved by the creation of standards and checklists for these kinds of trials such as those used for pre-clinical and clinical trials in human medicine. Last but not least, this review covers problems and challenges related to spore-forming probiotic manufacturing.
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Dang TD, Yong CC, Rheem S, Oh S. Optimizing the composition of the medium for the viable cells of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis JNU306 using response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:603-613. [PMID: 34189508 PMCID: PMC8204007 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This research improved the growth potential of Bifidobacterium
animalis subsp lactis strain JNU306, a commercial medium that is
appropriate for large-scale production, in yeast extract, soy peptone, glucose,
L-cysteine, and ferrous sulfate. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to
optimize the components of this medium, using a central composite design and
subsequent analyses. A second-order polynomial regression model, which was
fitted to the data at first, significantly lacked fitness. Thus, through further
analyses, the model with linear and quadratic terms plus two-way, three-way, and
four-way interactions was selected as the final model. Through this model, the
optimized medium composition was found as 2.8791% yeast extract, 2.8030% peptone
soy, 0.6196% glucose, 0.2823% L-cysteine, and 0.0055% ferrous sulfate, w/v. This
optimized medium ensured that the maximum biomass was no lower than the biomass
from the commonly used blood-liver (BL) medium. The application of RSM improved
the biomass production of this strain in a more cost-effective way by creating
an optimum medium. This result shows that B. animalis subsp
lactis JNU306 may be used as a commercial starter culture
in manufacturing probiotics, including dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Duyen Dang
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.,Western Highlands Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak Province 63161, Viet Nam
| | - Cheng Chung Yong
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sungsue Rheem
- Graduate School of Public Administration, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Sejong Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Recent Advances in the Physiology of Spore Formation for Bacillus Probiotic Production. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:731-747. [PMID: 30515722 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spore-forming probiotic bacteria have received a wide and constantly increasing scientific and commercial interest. Among them, Bacillus species are the most studied and well-characterized Gram-positive bacteria. The use of bacilli as probiotic products is expanding especially rapidly due to their inherent ability to form endospores with unique survivability and tolerance to extreme environments and to produce a large number of valuable metabolites coupled with their bio-therapeutic potential demonstrating immune stimulation, antimicrobial activities and competitive exclusion. Ease of Bacillus spp. production and stability during processing and storage make them a suitable candidate for commercial manufacture of novel foods or dietary supplements for human and animal feeds for livestock, especially in the poultry and aquaculture industries. Therefore, the development of low-cost and competitive technologies for the production of spore-forming probiotic bacteria through understanding physiological peculiarities and mechanisms determining the growth and spore production by Bacillus spp. became necessary. This review summarizes the recent literature and our own data on the physiology of bacilli growth and spore production in the submerged and solid-state fermentation conditions, focusing on the common characteristics and unique properties of individual bacteria as well as on several approaches providing enhanced spore formation.
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Venkateswarulu T, Abraham Peele K, Krupanidhi S, Prakash Narayana Reddy K, Indira M, Ranga Rao A, Bharath Kumar R, Vidya Prabhakar K. Biochemical and molecular characterization of lactase producing bacterium isolated from dairy effluent. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2020; 32:1581-1585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
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Removal of Small-Molecular Byproducts from Crude Fructo-Oligosaccharide Preparations by Fermentation Using the Endospore-Forming Probiotic Bacillus coagulans. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) produced by enzymatic conversion from sucrose often contains high concentration of monosaccharides as byproducts. In addition to conventional physical/chemical purification processes, microbial treatment is an alternative method to remove these byproducts. We used Bacillus coagulans to reduce the abundance of byproducts during the enzymatic production of FOS. It is a promising probiotic because this thermophilic and spore-forming bacterium remains viable and stable during food processing and storage. B. coagulans also produces lactic acid during the carbohydrate metabolism and is used industrially to produce lactic acid for medical and food/feed applications. We aimed to establish an evaluation system to screen different strains of B. coagulans for their performance and selected B. coagulans Thorne for the treatment of crude FOS due to its high growth rate, high sporulation rate, and low nutrient requirements. B. coagulans preferentially utilized monosaccharides over other sugar components of the FOS mixture. Glucose and fructose were completely consumed during the fermentation but 85% (w/w) of the total FOS remained. At the end of the fermentation, the total viable cell count of B. coagulans Thorne was 9.9 × 108 cfu·mL−1 and the maximum endospore count was 2.42 × 104 cfu·mL−1.
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8
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Enhancement of Bacillus subtilis Growth and Sporulation by Two-Stage Solid-State Fermentation Strategy. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-stage solid-state fermentation strategy was exploited and systematically optimized to enhance Bacillus subtilis growth and sporulation for increasing effective cell number in B. subtilis microbial ecological agents. The first stage focused on improving cell growth followed by the second stage aiming to enhance both cell growth and sporulation. The optimal fermentation condition was that temperature changed from 37 °C to 47 °C at a fermentation time of 48 h and Mn2+ content in medium was 4.9 mg MnSO4/g dry medium. Solid medium properties were improved by the optimal two-stage fermentation. HPLC results demonstrated that glucose utilization was facilitated and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) results showed that more active sites in medium for microbial cells were generated during the optimal two-stage fermentation. Moreover, microbial growth and sporulation were enhanced simultaneously during the second stage of fermentation through delaying microbial decline phase and increasing sporulation rate. As a result, effective cell number of B. subtilis reached 1.79 × 1010/g dry medium after fermentation for 72 h, which was 29.7% and 8.48% higher than that of conventional fermentation for 72 h and 48 h, respectively. Therefore, the optimal two-stage fermentation could increase the effective cell number of B. subtilis microbial ecological agents efficiently.
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Berikashvili V, Sokhadze K, Kachlishvili E, Elisashvili V, Chikindas ML. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Spore Production Under Solid-State Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Residues. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:755-761. [PMID: 29249066 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to elucidate cultivation conditions determining Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 growth and enhanced spore formation during the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of agro-industrial lignocellulosic biomasses. Among the tested growth substrates, corncobs provided the highest yield of spores (47 × 1010 spores g-1 biomass) while the mushroom spent substrate and sunflower oil mill appeared to be poor growth substrates for spore formation. Maximum spore yield (82 × 1010 spores g-1 biomass) was achieved when 15 g corncobs were moistened with 60 ml of the optimized nutrient medium containing 10 g peptone, 2 g KH2PO4, 1 g MgSO4·7H2O, and 1 g NaCl per 1 l of distilled water. The cheese whey usage for wetting of lignocellulosic substrate instead water promoted spore formation and increased the spore number to 105 × 1010 spores g-1. Addition to the cheese whey of optimized medium components favored sporulation process. The feasibility of developed medium and strategy was shown in scaled up SSF of corncobs in polypropylene bags since yield of 10 × 1011 spores per gram of dry biomass was achieved. In the SSF of lignocellulose, B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895 secreted comparatively high cellulase and xylanase activities to ensure good growth of the bacterial culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet Berikashvili
- Agricultural University of Georgia, David Agmashenebeli alley 240, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Kakha Sokhadze
- Agricultural University of Georgia, David Agmashenebeli alley 240, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Eva Kachlishvili
- Agricultural University of Georgia, David Agmashenebeli alley 240, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Vladimir Elisashvili
- Agricultural University of Georgia, David Agmashenebeli alley 240, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Center for Digestive Health, Nutrition and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Khardziani T, Kachlishvili E, Sokhadze K, Elisashvili V, Weeks R, Chikindas ML, Chistyakov V. Elucidation of Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA 1933 Potential for Spore Production in Submerged Fermentation of Plant Raw Materials. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:435-443. [PMID: 28695539 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of several key factors to increase spore production by Bacillus subtilis subsp. KATMIRA 1933 were evaluated in shake flask experiments. In a synthetic medium, glucose concentration played a crucial role in the expression of bacilli sporulation capacity. In particular, maximum spore yield (2.3 × 109 spores/mL) was achieved at low glucose concentration (2 g/L), and further gradual increase of the carbon source content in the medium caused a decrease in sporulation capacity. Substitution of glucose with several inexpensive lignocellulosic materials was found to be a reasonable way to achieve high cell density and sporulation. Of the materials tested, milled mandarin peels at a concentration of 40 g/L served as the best growth substrate. In these conditions, bacilli secreted sufficient levels of glycosyl hydrolases, providing slow hydrolysis of the mandarin peel's polysaccharides to metabolizable sugars, providing the bacterial culture with an adequate carbon and energy source. Among nitrogen sources tested, peptone was found to favor spore production. Moreover, it was shown that cheese and cottage cheese whey usage, instead of distilled water, significantly increases spore formation. After optimization of the nutrient medium in the shake flask experiments, the technical feasibility of large-scale spore production by B. subtilis KATMIRA 1933 was confirmed in a laboratory fermenter. The spore yield (7 × 1010 spores/mL) obtained using a bioreactor was higher than those previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Khardziani
- Agricultural University of Georgia, David Agmashenebeli alley 240, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Eva Kachlishvili
- Agricultural University of Georgia, David Agmashenebeli alley 240, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Kakha Sokhadze
- Agricultural University of Georgia, David Agmashenebeli alley 240, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Vladimir Elisashvili
- Agricultural University of Georgia, David Agmashenebeli alley 240, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Richard Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Center for Digestive Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Vladimir Chistyakov
- D. I. Ivanovsky Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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11
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Optimization of a Culture Medium Using the Taguchi Approach for the Production of Microorganisms Active in Odorous Compound Removal. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7080756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Significantly enhanced biomass production of a novel bio-therapeutic strain Lactobacillus plantarum (AS-14) by developing low cost media cultivation strategy. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:17. [PMID: 28484513 PMCID: PMC5418682 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotic bacteria are becoming an important tool for improving human health, controlling diseases and enhancing immune responses. The availability of a cost effective cultivation conditions has profound effect on the efficiency and role of probiotic bacteria. Therefore the current study was conducted with an objective to develop a low cost growth medium for enhancing the biomass production of a bio-therapeutic bacterial strain Lactobacillus plantarum AS-14. In this work the isolation of Lactobacillus plantarum AS-14 bacterial strain was carried out from brinjal using cheese whey as a main carbon source. Moreover, the effect of four other nutritional factors besides cheese whey was investigated on the enhanced cell mass production by using response surface methodology (RSM). Results The best culture medium contained 60 g/l cheese whey, 15 g/l glucose and 15 g/l corn steep liquor in addition to other minor ingredients and it resulted in maximum dry cell mass (15.41 g/l). The second-order polynomial regression model determined that the maximum cell mass production (16.02 g/l) would be obtained at temperature 40°C and pH 6.2. Comparative studies showed that cultivation using cheese whey and corn steep liquor with other components of the selected medium generated higher biomass with lower cost than that of De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium under similar cultivation conditions (pH 6.2 and temperature 40°C). Conclusion It is evident that the cell biomass of L. Plantarum AS-14 was enhanced by low cost cultivation conditions. Moreover, corn steep liquor and ammonium bisulphate were perceived as low-cost nitrogen sources in combination with other components to substitute yeast extract. Of all these factors, cheese whey, corn steep liquor, yeast extract and two operating conditions (temperature and pH) were found to be the most significant parameters. Thus the cost effective medium developed in this research might be used for large-scale commercial application where economics is quite likely important.
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Molecular Characterization and In Vitro Analyses of a Sporogenous Bacterium with Potential Probiotic Properties. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 2:152-61. [PMID: 26781238 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-010-9049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-positive thin rods of a Bacillus species were identified and designated as Bacillus coagulans RK - 02 through the standard microbiological and biochemical characterization procedures, followed by data analysis and comparison with the characteristics given in Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. The culture was further characterized and confirmed as Bacillus coagulans by 16S rDNA sequence analysis wherein about 755 nucleotides of 16S rDNA was amplified and cloned in pGEM-T vector and subsequently sequenced. Sequence was blasted against the nr database of NCBI. Multiple alignments were done with some selected and related sequences using Clustal W. Phylogenetic trees were drawn with the same software after the distances were determined by neighbor-joining algorithm. The in vitro studies on the probiotic properties demonstrated that our isolate could prove to be a potential probiotic with spore-forming and lactic acid-producing abilities coupled with acid and bile tolerance properties and antimicrobial action. In addition to these characteristics, the bacterium also produced enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, lipase, protease, lactase and catalase, which can help in improving digestion and overall health, alleviate lactose intolerance and remove oxidative stresses, required for the well-being of the consumers. In our previously reported studies, an exopolysaccharide (EPS), a probioactive molecule produced by the same bacterium, showed very significant antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and emulsification activities. Thus, Bacillus coagulans RK - 02 is a well-characterized promising probiotic for its potential commercial applications to pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and functional food formulations with care-free storage.
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Abdhul K, Ganesh M, Shanmughapriya S, Vanithamani S, Kanagavel M, Anbarasu K, Natarajaseenivasan K. Bacteriocinogenic potential of a probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans [BDU3] from Ngari. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:800-6. [PMID: 26054664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocin producing strain BDU3 was isolated from a traditional fermented fish of Manipur Ngari. The strain BDU3 was identified as Bacillus coagulans by phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The BDU3 produced novel bacteriocin, which showed an antimicrobial spectrum toward a wide spectrum of food borne, and closely related pathogens with a MIC that ranged between 0.5 and 2.5 μg/mL. The isolate was able to tolerate pH as low as 2.0 and up to 0.2% bile salt concentration. Three step purification was employed to increase the specific activity of the antimicrobial compound. The fractions were further chromatographed by Rp-HPLC C-18 column and the purified bacteriocin had a specific activity of ∼8500 AU/mg. However, the potency of bacteriocin was susceptible to digestion with Proteinase K, Pepsin, SDS, EDTA and Urea. Molecular mass of purified bacteriocin was found to be 1.4 kDa using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF). The functional group was revealed by FTIR analysis. The cytotoxicity assay (MTT) using purified bacteriocin showed 2 times lower EC50 values compared to SDS. This is the smaller bacteriocin ever reported before from B. coagulans with greater antimicrobial potency with lower cytotoxicity. This bacteriocin raises the possibilities to be used as a biopreservative in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Abdhul
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India; Department of Biotechnology, Nandha Arts and Science College, Bharathiar University, Erode 638009, India
| | - Mohan Ganesh
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Shanmugam Vanithamani
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Murugesan Kanagavel
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Kumarasamy Anbarasu
- Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India.
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Fan R, Ebrahimi M, Quitmann H, Czermak P. Lactic acid production in a membrane bioreactor system with thermophilic Bacillus coagulans: fouling analysis of the used ceramic membranes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2015.1031401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Hwang CF, Chang JH, Houng JY, Tsai CC, Lin CK, Tsen HY. Optimization of medium composition for improving biomass production of Lactobacillus plantarum Pi06 using the Taguchi array design and the Box-Behnken method. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Gupta S, Abu-Ghannam N. Probiotic Fermentation of Plant Based Products: Possibilities and Opportunities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52:183-99. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.499779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Das S, Sen R. Kinetic modeling of sporulation and product formation in stationary phase by Bacillus coagulans RK-02 vis-à-vis other Bacilli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9659-9667. [PMID: 21852126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A logistic kinetic model was derived and validated to characterize the dynamics of a sporogenous bacterium in stationary phase with respect to sporulation and product formation. The kinetic constants as determined using this model are particularly important for describing intrinsic properties of a sporogenous bacterial culture in stationary phase. Non-linear curve fitting of the experimental data into the mathematical model showed very good correlation with the predicted values for sporulation and lipase production by Bacillus coagulans RK-02 culture in minimal media. Model fitting of literature data of sporulation and product (protease and amylase) formation in the stationary phase by some other Bacilli and comparison of the results of model fitting with those of Bacillus coagulans helped validate the significance and robustness of the developed kinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal, India.
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Kodali VP, Perali RS, Sen R. Purification and partial elucidation of the structure of an antioxidant carbohydrate biopolymer from the probiotic bacterium Bacillus coagulans RK-02. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1692-1697. [PMID: 21800834 DOI: 10.1021/np1008448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS) was isolated from Bacillus coagulans RK-02 and purified by size exclusion chromatography. The purified, homogeneous EPS had an average molecular weight of ∼3 × 10⁴ Da by comparison with FITC-labeled dextran standards. In vivo evaluations showed that, like other reported polysaccharides, this EPS displayed significant antioxidant activity. FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of hydroxy, carboxy, and α-glycosidic linkages and a mannose residue. GC analysis indicated that the EPS was a heteropolymer composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, glucosamine, and fucose as monomeric constituent units. Partial elucidation of the structure of the carbohydrate biopolymer based on GC-MS and NMR analysis showed the presence of two unique sets of tetrasaccharide repeating units that have 1→3 and 1→6 glycosidic linkages. This is also the first report of a Gram-positive bacterial polysaccharide with both fucose as a sugar monomer and 1→3 and 1→6 glycosidic linkages in the molecular backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya P Kodali
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
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Kotlar CE, Agüero MV, Roura SI. METHODS: Simultaneous optimization of biomass and protease biosynthesis by a local isolated Pseudomonas sp. — Response surface optimization using Box-Behnken design. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2010.6.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Elena Kotlar
- Research Group on Food Engineering, Department of Chemical & Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata, Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Victoria Agüero
- Research Group on Food Engineering, Department of Chemical & Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata, Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sara Inés Roura
- Research Group on Food Engineering, Department of Chemical & Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata, Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
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Lee NK, Park YL, Choe GJ, Chang HI, Paik HD. Medium Optimization for the Production of Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus A12 Using Response Surface Methodology. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2010. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.3.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Multi-objective process optimization and integration for the sequential and increased production of biomass, lipase and endospores of a probiotic bacterium. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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de Souza CFV, Rodrigues RC, Ayub MAZ. Effects of oxygen volumetric mass transfer coefficient on transglutaminase production by Bacillus circulans BL32. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Goswami D, Sen R, Basu JK, De S. Maximization of bioconversion of castor oil into ricinoleic acid by response surface methodology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:4067-4073. [PMID: 19419859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, response surface methodology was applied to optimize process variables like temperature, pH, enzyme concentration (mg/g oil), and buffer concentration (g/g oil) for hydrolysis of castor oil using Candida rugosa lipase. A 2(4) full factorial central composite design was used to develop the quadratic model that was subsequently optimized and the optimal conditions were as follows: temperature 40 degrees C, pH 7.72, enzyme concentration 5.28 mg/g oil, buffer concentration 1g/g oil and there was 65.5% conversion in 6 h. These predicted optimal conditions agreed well with the experimental results. This is the first report on the application of response surface methodology in castor oil hydrolysis using C. rugosa lipase with higher percentage conversion in 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Goswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India.
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An exopolysaccharide from a probiotic: Biosynthesis dynamics, composition and emulsifying activity. Food Res Int 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kodali VP, Sen R. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of an exopolysaccharide from a probiotic bacterium. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:245-51. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200700208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Stephenie W, Kabeir BM, Shuhaimi M, Rosfarizan M, Yazid AM. Influence of pH and impeller tip speed on the cultivation ofBifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4 in a milk-based medium. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stephenie W, Kabeir BM, Shuhaimi M, Rosfarizan M, Yazid AM. Growth optimization of a probiotic candidate,Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4, in milk medium using response surface methodology. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03028634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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