1
|
Su K, Peng Z, Zhu D, Liu R, Wang Q, Cao R, He J. Water quality evaluation based on water quality index and multiple linear regression: A research on Hanyuan Lake in southern Sichuan Province, China. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11055. [PMID: 38804065 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to understand the changes in the water quality of Hanyuan Lake and to show these changes over time. In this study, monthly sampling was conducted at three sampling sites in Hanyuan Lake, and water samples were measured for water quality indicators in the laboratory according to the methods specified in the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). Based on the monitoring data from January to December 2019, the WQI comprehensive evaluation method was used to conduct multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, extract key indicators, and establish the WQImin model. The results show that according to the WQI comprehensive evaluation method, the WQI values of Hanyuan Lake are all above 90, and the grade is excellent. The overall water quality of Hanyuan Lake is excellent, and most of the water quality indexes reach the Class I standard in the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). WQImin1 (R2 = 0.86, p < 0.001, PE = 4.28) as the best WQImin model. In this study, a model with fewer parameters was established by multiple linear regression method, which is conducive to better monitoring of water quality at monitoring stations while saving costs. PRACTITIONER POINTS: According to the WQI comprehensive evaluation method, the WQI values of Hanyuan Lake are all above 90, the rating is excellent. From January 2019 to September 2020, the monthly change trend of each section is roughly the same, showing a trend of first decreasing, then rising, then decreasing, and finally rising and flattening. The WQImin model was developed to completely describe the change in the water body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongshan Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiqian Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Hanyuan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Station of Yaan, Yaan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Q, Wang H, Ma Y, Wang J, Su W, Xiao E, Du J, Xiao T, Zhong Q. Geochemical distributions of natural radionuclides in surface soils and sediments impacted by lead-zinc mining activity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115210. [PMID: 37418943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the distribution features of uranium-238 (238U), radium-226 (226Ra), thorium-232 (232Th), and potassium-40 (40K) and evaluated the associated environmental radiological hazards of the topsoil and river sediments in the Jinding lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) mine catchment from Southwest China. The activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K ranged from 24.0 ± 2.29-60.3 ± 5.26 Bq.kg-1, from 32.5 ± 3.95-69.8 ± 3.39 Bq.kg-1, from 15.3 ± 2.24-58.3 ± 4.92 Bq.kg-1, and from 203 ± 10.2-1140 ± 27.4 Bq.kg-1, respectively. The highest activity concentrations for all these radionuclides were primarily found in the mining areas and decreased with increasing distance from the mining sites. The radiological hazard indices, including radium equivalent activity, absorbed gamma dose rate in the air, outdoor annual effective dose equivalent, annual gonadal dose equivalent, and excess lifetime cancer, revealed that the highest values were observed in the mining area and downstream, specifically in the vicinity of the ore body. These elevated values exceeded the global mean value but remained below the threshold value, suggesting that routine protection measures for Pb-Zn miners during production activities are sufficient. The correlation analysis and cluster analysis revealed strong associations between radionuclides such as 238U, 226Ra, and 232Th, indicating a common source of these radionuclides. The activity ratios of 226Ra/238U, 226Ra/232Th, and 238U/40K varied with distance, suggesting the influence of geological processes and lithological composition on their transport and accumulation. In the mining catchment areas, the variations in these activity ratios increased indicated the impact of limestone material dilution on the levels of 232Th, 40K, and 238U in the upstream region. Moreover, the presence of sulfide minerals in the mining soils contributed to the enrichment of 226Ra and the removal of 238U caused those activity ratios decreased in the mining areas. Therefore, in the Jinding PbZn deposit, the patterns of mining activities and surface runoff processes in the catchment area favored the accumulation of 232Th and 226Ra over 40K and 238U. This study provides the first case study on the geochemical distributions of natural radionuclides in a typical Mississippi Valley-type PbZn mining area and offers fundamental information on radionuclide migration and baseline radiometric data for PbZn deposits worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiugui Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yujun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education), Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Weigang Su
- Qinghai Earthquake Agency, Xining 810001, China
| | - Enzong Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Zhong
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu H, Li C, Wen C, Zhu S, Zhu S, Li N, Li R, Luo X. Heavy metal fraction, pollution, and source-oriented risk assessment in biofilms on a river system polluted by mining activities. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138137. [PMID: 36791822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Lanping Pb-Zn mine is the largest source of Pb and Zn ores in China, thus posing a great threat to local ecosystems and human health. A total of seven heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd, and As) in the Bijiang River near the Pb-Zn mine were measured in winter and summer to assess their spatial-temporal enrichment, ecological risk, and source-oriented health risk in periphytic biofilms. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model and clustering analysis were used to quantitatively identify pollution sources. The results of PMF were then imported into the health risk assessment to further determine the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks of various pollution sources. The results indicated distinct seasonal patterns in metal concentrations, with much higher concentrations in winter. Sites near the Pb-Zn mine tailing reservoir exhibited higher metal contamination levels than other sites. A strong correlation between the enrichment factor and the levels of nonresidual fraction suggested that anthropogenic inputs were the main source of these metals. Mining industries (Cd, Zn, and Pb), natural sources (As, Ni, and Cu), and agricultural activities (Cr) were the primary sources of heavy metal pollution in biofilms, accounting for 44.43%, 33.32%, and 22.26% of the total metal accumulation, respectively. Moreover, the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks via dermal contact of the studied elements in biofilms were typically acceptable. Notably, as concentration was the main factor influencing these risks in children and adults. This study provides evidence that natural epilithic periphyton may be a potential metal biomonitor in aquatic systems and provide supporting information for effective source regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Xu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chen Wen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shijun Zhu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shiqi Zhu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Nihong Li
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Rufei Li
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo X, Yang Y, Xie S, Wang W, Li N, Wen C, Zhu S, Chen L. Drying and rewetting induce changes in biofilm characteristics and the subsequent release of metal ions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 433:128832. [PMID: 35390615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drying and rewetting can markedly influence the microbial structure and function of river biofilm communities and potentially result in the release of metal ions from biofilms containing metals. However, little information is available on the response of metal-enriched biofilms to drying and rewetting over time. In this study, natural biofilms were allowed to develop in four rotating annular bioreactors for 2-11 weeks, followed by drying for 5 days and rewetting for another 5 days. Subsequently, we assessed Zn, Cd, and As desorption from the biofilms and other related parameters (microbial community structure, biofilm morphology, enzyme activity, and surface components as well as characteristics). High-throughput sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the biofilm architecture and bacterial communities were distinct in different growth phases and under drying and rewetting conditions (permutational multivariate analysis of variance; p = 0.001). Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterial phylum, accounting for 69.7-90.1% of the total content. Kinetic experiments revealed that the drying and rewetting process increased metal desorption from the biofilm matrix. The desorption of heavy metals was affected by the age of the biofilm, with the maximum amount of metal ions released from 2-week-old biofilms (one-way ANOVA, Zn: p < 0.001; Cd: p = 0.008; As: p < 0.001). The modifications in biofilm properties and decreased diversity of the bacterial community (paired t-test, p < 0.05) after drying and rewetting decreased the number of specific binding sites for metal ions. In addition, negatively charged arsenate and other anions in the liquid phase could compete with As ions for adsorption sites to promote the release of As(V) and/or reductive desorption of As(III). The results of this study and their interpretation are expected to help refine the behaviors of heavy metals in the aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Luo
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yuanhao Yang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Nihong Li
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chen Wen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shijun Zhu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hamdan AM, Kirana KH, Hakim F, Iksan M, Bijaksana S, Mariyanto M, Ashari TM, Ngkoimani LO, Kurniawan H, Pratama A, Wahid MA. Magnetic susceptibilities of surface sediments from estuary rivers in volcanic regions. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:239. [PMID: 35235047 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries have very complex mechanisms because they are influenced by seawater intrusion, which causes enrichment of contaminants in the maximum turbidity area. Magnetic susceptibility measurements have been used for monitoring a wide variety of environments. However, there have been few studies of the magnetic properties of surface sediments from estuaries in volcanic environments in the tropics. This study investigates the magnetic properties and their correlations with the geochemistry of surface sediments in estuaries in volcanic areas and was conducted in the Krueng Aceh River, Indonesia. Measurements consist of magnetic susceptibility measurements, chemical analysis, and mineralogical analysis. Measurements of magnetic susceptibilities were performed using a Bartington MS2 instrument with an MS2B sensor using frequencies of 460 and 46 kHz. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to identify elements in the sediments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was used to analyze sediment grains. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to determine mineral contents. For the first time, χLF/χFD ratios were found to be an obvious parameter for identifying areas of sediment traps and metal enrichment in the estuary turbidity maxima (ETM) zone. The magnetic properties carried by volcanic rock minerals consist of pigeonite and enstatite. These two minerals have not been previously considered as carriers of sediments with magnetic properties when monitoring heavy metal enrichment in urban rivers. These results provide an extension of the use of magnetic susceptibility measurements in environmental studies, particularly in estuary river environments in volcanic areas such as the Krueng Aceh River, Indonesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abd Mujahid Hamdan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Jl. Syekh Abdurrauf No. 1, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
| | - Kartika Hajar Kirana
- Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM.21, Bandung, 45363, Indonesia
- Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Fathul Hakim
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Jl. Syekh Abdurrauf No. 1, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Iksan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Jl. Syekh Abdurrauf No. 1, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Satria Bijaksana
- Department of Geophysical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Raya ITS, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
| | - Mariyanto Mariyanto
- Department of Geophysical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Raya ITS, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
| | - Teuku Muhammad Ashari
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Jl. Syekh Abdurrauf No. 1, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - La Ode Ngkoimani
- Department of Geophysics, Halu Oleo University, Indonesia, Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma, Kendari, 93232, Indonesia
| | - Hadi Kurniawan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Jl. Syekh Abdurrauf No. 1, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Aditya Pratama
- Research Center for Geotechnology, JL. Sangkuriang, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Kompleks LIPI, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia
| | - Mulyadi Abdul Wahid
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Jl. Syekh Abdurrauf No. 1, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhan F, Zeng W, Yuan X, Li B, Li T, Zu Y, Jiang M, Li Y. Field experiment on the effects of sepiolite and biochar on the remediation of Cd- and Pb-polluted farmlands around a Pb-Zn mine in Yunnan Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7743-7751. [PMID: 30671759 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of sepiolite and biochar on the contents of available nutrients (N, P, and K); the chemical forms and available contents of Cd and Pb in soils; the biomass and growth of maize; and the contents of nutrients, Cd, and Pb in maize were studied in situ in Cd- and Pb-polluted farmlands around the Lanping Pb-Zn mine in Yunnan Province, China. Results demonstrated that sepiolite did not influence the contents of available nutrients in soils, although it significantly increased the pH value and decreased available Cd (CaCl2-extractable and exchangeable) contents and exchangeable and reducible Pb. Moreover, sepiolite increased the biomass in the aboveground part of maize, resulting in the reduction of Cd contents in maize plants and grains by 25.6-47.5%. Meanwhile, the biochar increased the contents of available nutrients in soils and decreased the contents of exchangeable Pb in soils and biomass in the aboveground part of maize plants and grains; decreased the Cd contents in maize stems and grains by 26.7% and 24.6%, respectively; and decreased the Pb content in roots by 16.2%. However, neither sepiolite nor biochar had considerable influence on the Pb content in maize grains. According to a correlation analysis, soil pH has extremely significant negative correlations with available Cd content in soils, which in turn have extremely significant positive correlation with the Cd content in maize plants and grains. These results revealed that sepiolite increases soil pH and decreases Cd bioavailability in farmland soils around the Pb-Zn mine. Furthermore, biochar increases the contents of available nutrients in farmland soils and the maize yield. Sepiolite and biochar both decrease the contents and transfer coefficients of Cd in maize plants and grains and are, thus, applicable to the immobilization remediation of Cd-polluted farmlands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangdong Zhan
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Engineering Laboratory for Agro-environment Pollution Control and Eco-remediation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenzeng Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Engineering Laboratory for Agro-environment Pollution Control and Eco-remediation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingchao Yuan
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Engineering Laboratory for Agro-environment Pollution Control and Eco-remediation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Engineering Laboratory for Agro-environment Pollution Control and Eco-remediation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Tianguo Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Engineering Laboratory for Agro-environment Pollution Control and Eco-remediation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanqun Zu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Engineering Laboratory for Agro-environment Pollution Control and Eco-remediation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Engineering Laboratory for Agro-environment Pollution Control and Eco-remediation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Engineering Laboratory for Agro-environment Pollution Control and Eco-remediation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kong P, Luo W, Lu Y, Wang T, Jiao W, Hu W, Naile JE, Khim JS, Giesy JP. Distribution and bioaccumulation of lead in the coastal watersheds of the Northern Bohai and Yellow Seas in China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2015; 37:491-506. [PMID: 25503512 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-014-9664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the concentration of lead ([Pb]) in the surface water, sediments, soils and muscles of carp and crab in the upstream and downstream coastal watersheds along the Northern Bohai and Yellow Seas (NBYS) in China was investigated and the risks of Pb were evaluated. The mean [Pb] in the downstream water (2.62 μg/L) and sediments [24.5 mg/kg, dry mass (dm)] was greater than the Chinese seawater quality standard for class I (1 μg/L) and the regional background soil concentration (11.5 mg Pb/kg, dm), respectively. Approximately 37 % of the soils, mainly from the upstream regions, had [Pb] greater than the regional background concentration of 21.4 mg/kg, dm. The sites with relatively large [Pb] in the water, sediments and soils were located in the coastal watersheds of Tangshan and Huludao. The large enrichment factors in the sediments (2.41) and soils (2.22) suggested that human activities influenced the soils and sediments in this region more than in the other regions. Relatively large [Pb] was found in the crabs that were obtained from the upstream reaches of the Shuanglong and Daliao Rivers and the downstream reaches of the Luanhe and Liugu Rivers. Most of the crabs from the upstream regions contained greater [Pb] than the permissible limit for human consumption [0.3 mg/kg, wet mass (wm)]. The risk indices of the water, carp and crabs for humans were 0.002, 0.01 and 0.006, respectively. Based on the bioaccumulation factors, biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) and human risk indices, it was concluded that the human risks associated with crab were lower than those of carp despite the greater accumulation of Pb by the crabs from the water and sediments. Finally, the [Pb] in the sediments was significantly correlated with the [Pb] in the soils, which indicated that the same sources of Pb were responsible for the [Pb] in the sediments and soils in the coastal watersheds of the NBYS in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiru Kong
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|