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Bogaard M, Skotheim RI, Maltau AV, Kidd SG, Lothe RA, Axcrona K, Axcrona U. 'High proliferative cribriform prostate cancer' defines a patient subgroup with an inferior prognosis. Histopathology 2023; 83:853-869. [PMID: 37501635 DOI: 10.1111/his.15012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS A cribriform pattern, reactive stroma (RS), PTEN, Ki67 and ERG are promising prognostic biomarkers in primary prostate cancer (PCa). We aim to determine the relative contribution of these factors and the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Postsurgical (CAPRA-S) score in predicting PCa prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 475 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (2010-12, median follow-up = 8.7 years). Cribriform pattern was identified in 57% of patients, PTEN loss in 55%, ERG expression in 51%, RS in 39% and high Ki67 in 9%. In patients with multiple samples from the same malignant focus and either PTEN loss or high Ki67, intrafocal heterogeneity for PTEN and Ki67 expression was detected in 55% and 89%, respectively. In patients with samples from two or more foci, interfocal heterogeneity was detected in 46% for PTEN and 6% for Ki67. A cribriform pattern and Ki67 were independent predictors of biochemical recurrence (BCR) and clinical recurrence (CR), whereas ERG expression was an independent predictor of CR. Besides CAPRA-S, a cribriform pattern provided the highest relative proportion of explained variation for predicting BCR (11%), and Ki67 provided the highest relative proportion of explained variation for CR (21%). In patients with a cribriform pattern, high Ki67 was associated with a higher risk of BCR [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.83, P < 0.001] and CR (HR = 4.35, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS High Ki67 in patients with a cribriform pattern identifies a patient subgroup with particularly poor prognosis, which we termed 'high proliferative cribriform prostate cancer'. These results support reporting a cribriform pattern in pathology reports, and advocate implementing Ki67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Bogaard
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf I Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aase V Maltau
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne G Kidd
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karol Axcrona
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Urology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ulrika Axcrona
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Ito T, Takahara T, Taniguchi N, Yamamoto Y, Satou A, Ohashi A, Takahashi E, Sassa N, Tsuzuki T. PTEN loss in intraductal carcinoma of the prostate has low incidence in Japanese patients. Pathol Int 2023; 73:542-548. [PMID: 37608749 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and genomic features of prostate cancer (PCa) vary considerably between Asian and Western populations. PTEN loss is the most frequent abnormality in intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) in Western populations. However, its prevalence and significance in Asian populations have not yet been well studied. In the present study, we evaluated PTEN expression in IDC-P in a Japanese population and its association with ERG expression. This study included 45 and 59 patients with PCa with and without IDC-P, respectively, who underwent radical prostatectomy. PTEN loss was observed in 10 patients with PCa with IDC-P (22%) and nine patients with PCa without IDC-P (17%). ERG expression was relatively frequent in patients with PCa with PTEN loss, although a significant difference was not observed. The co-occurrence of PTEN loss and ERG expression was observed in four patients with PCa with IDC-P and one without IDC-P. PTEN loss and ERG expression did not affect progression-free survival, regardless of the presence of IDC-P. The frequency of PTEN loss in IDC-P is lower in Asian patients than in Western patients. Our results indicate that mechanisms underlying IDC-P in Asian populations are different from those of Western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Ito
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Taishi Takahara
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Natsuki Taniguchi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akira Satou
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohashi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Emiko Takahashi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Naoto Sassa
- Department of Urology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Toyonori Tsuzuki
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
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Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate as a Cause of Prostate Cancer Metastasis: A Molecular Portrait. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030820. [PMID: 35159086 PMCID: PMC8834356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Most men with prostate cancer will live as long as those who do not have prostate cancer. However, some men will die early of their disease due to a particular type of prostate cancer associated with recurrence and metastasis: intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. In this review, we discuss the associations between intraductal carcinoma of the prostate and metastasis, and the contemporary knowledge about the molecular alterations of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. Abstract Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is one of the most aggressive types of prostate cancer (PCa). IDC-P is identified in approximately 20% of PCa patients and is associated with recurrence, metastasis, and PCa-specific death. The main feature of this histological variant is the colonization of benign glands by PCa cells. Although IDC-P is a well-recognized independent parameter for metastasis, mechanisms by which IDC-P cells can spread and colonize other tissues are not fully known. In this review, we discuss the molecular portraits of IDC-P determined by immunohistochemistry and genomic approaches and highlight the areas in which more research is needed.
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4
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PTEN Loss and PD-L1 Expression of Different Histological Patterns of Prostate Cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 229:153738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Spieker AJ, Gordetsky JB, Maris AS, Dehan LM, Denney JE, Arnold Egloff SA, Scarpato K, Barocas DA, Giannico GA. PTEN expression and morphological patterns in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 2021; 79:1061-1071. [PMID: 34324714 PMCID: PMC10792610 DOI: 10.1111/his.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cribriform morphology, which includes intraductal carcinoma (IDCP) and invasive cribriform carcinoma, is an indicator of poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) loss is a predictor of adverse clinical outcomes. The association between PTEN expression and morphological patterns of prostate cancer is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We explored the association between PTEN expression by immunohistochemistry, Gleason pattern 4 morphologies, IDCP and biochemical recurrence (BCR) in 163 radical prostatectomy specimens. IDCP was delineated from invasive cribriform carcinoma by p63 positive immunohistochemical staining in basal cells. Combined invasive cribriform carcinoma and IDCP were associated with a higher cumulative incidence of BCR [hazard ratio (HR) = 5.06; 2.21, 11.6, P < 0.001]. When including PTEN loss in the analysis, invasive cribriform carcinoma remained predictive of BCR (HR = 3.72; 1.75, 7.94, P = 0.001), while PTEN loss within invasive cribriform carcinoma did not. Glomeruloid morphology was associated with lower odds of cancer stage pT3 and lower cumulative incidence of BCR (HR = 0.27; 0.088, 0.796, P = 0.018), while PTEN loss within glomeruloid morphology was associated with a higher cumulative incidence of BCR (HR = 4.07; 1.04, 15.9, P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS PTEN loss within glomeruloid pattern was associated with BCR. The presence of any cribriform pattern was associated with BCR, despite PTEN loss not significantly associated with invasive cribriform carcinoma. We speculate that other drivers independent from PTEN loss may contribute to poor prognostic features in cribriform carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Spieker
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer B Gordetsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander S Maris
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren M Dehan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James E Denney
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shanna A Arnold Egloff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristen Scarpato
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel A Barocas
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Giovanna A Giannico
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Erickson AM, Lokman U, Lahdensuo K, Tornberg S, Visapaa H, Bergroth R, Santti H, Petas A, Rannikko AS, Mirtti T. PTEN and ERG expression in MRI-ultrasound guided fusion biopsy correlated with radical prostatectomy findings in men with prostate cancer. Prostate 2020; 80:1118-1127. [PMID: 32634262 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional systematic prostate biopsies (SBx) have multiple limitations, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-ultrasound fusion targeting is increasingly applied (fusion biopsies [FBx]). In our previous studies, we have shown that loss of the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens predicts poor disease-specific survival, and in active surveillance (AS), PTEN loss in SBx predicts an adverse AS outcome, although SBx PTEN status does not correlate well with the corresponding RP status. Here, we have hypothesized that PTEN and erythroblast transformation-specific related gene (ERG) status in FBx correlate better with RP than they would in SBx. METHODS A total of 106 men, who had undergone FBx and subsequent RP in a single center between June 2015 and May 2017 were included. Fifty-three of the men had concomitant or previous SBx's. All biopsy and RP specimens were collected, and tissue microarrays (TMA) were constructed from RP specimens. Immunohistochemical stainings for PTEN and ERG expression were conducted on biopsies and RP TMAs and results were compared by using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS The immunohistochemical predictive power of FBx, determined by the concordance of biopsy PTEN and ERG status with RP, is superior to SBx (77.6% vs 66.7% in PTEN, 92.4% vs 66.6% in ERG). FBx was superior to SBx in correlation with RP Gleason Grade Groups and MRI prostate imaging reporting and data system scores. CONCLUSION FBx grading correlates with RP histology and MRI findings and predicts the biomarker status in the RP specimens more accurately than SBx. A longer follow-up is needed to evaluate if this translates to better prediction of disease outcomes, especially in AS and radiation therapy where prostatectomy specimens are not available for prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Erickson
- Department of Pathology (HUS Diagnostic Center) and Medicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Utku Lokman
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Kanerva Lahdensuo
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Tornberg
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Visapaa
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robin Bergroth
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrikki Santti
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anssi Petas
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti S Rannikko
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Department of Pathology (HUS Diagnostic Center) and Medicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Grosset AA, Dallaire F, Nguyen T, Birlea M, Wong J, Daoust F, Roy N, Kougioumoutzakis A, Azzi F, Aubertin K, Kadoury S, Latour M, Albadine R, Prendeville S, Boutros P, Fraser M, Bristow RG, van der Kwast T, Orain M, Brisson H, Benzerdjeb N, Hovington H, Bergeron A, Fradet Y, Têtu B, Saad F, Leblond F, Trudel D. Identification of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate on tissue specimens using Raman micro-spectroscopy: A diagnostic accuracy case-control study with multicohort validation. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003281. [PMID: 32797086 PMCID: PMC7428053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in North American men. Pathologists are in critical need of accurate biomarkers to characterize PC, particularly to confirm the presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), an aggressive histopathological variant for which therapeutic options are now available. Our aim was to identify IDC-P with Raman micro-spectroscopy (RμS) and machine learning technology following a protocol suitable for routine clinical histopathology laboratories. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used RμS to differentiate IDC-P from PC, as well as PC and IDC-P from benign tissue on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded first-line radical prostatectomy specimens (embedded in tissue microarrays [TMAs]) from 483 patients treated in 3 Canadian institutions between 1993 and 2013. The main measures were the presence or absence of IDC-P and of PC, regardless of the clinical outcomes. The median age at radical prostatectomy was 62 years. Most of the specimens from the first cohort (Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal) were of Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6 (51%) while most of the specimens from the 2 other cohorts (University Health Network and Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec-Université Laval) were of Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 (51% and 52%, respectively). Most of the 483 patients were pT2 stage (44%-69%), and pT3a (22%-49%) was more frequent than pT3b (9%-12%). To investigate the prostate tissue of each patient, 2 consecutive sections of each TMA block were cut. The first section was transferred onto a glass slide to perform immunohistochemistry with H&E counterstaining for cell identification. The second section was placed on an aluminum slide, dewaxed, and then used to acquire an average of 7 Raman spectra per specimen (between 4 and 24 Raman spectra, 4 acquisitions/TMA core). Raman spectra of each cell type were then analyzed to retrieve tissue-specific molecular information and to generate classification models using machine learning technology. Models were trained and cross-validated using data from 1 institution. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 87% ± 5%, 86% ± 6%, and 89% ± 8%, respectively, to differentiate PC from benign tissue, and 95% ± 2%, 96% ± 4%, and 94% ± 2%, respectively, to differentiate IDC-P from PC. The trained models were then tested on Raman spectra from 2 independent institutions, reaching accuracies, sensitivities, and specificities of 84% and 86%, 84% and 87%, and 81% and 82%, respectively, to diagnose PC, and of 85% and 91%, 85% and 88%, and 86% and 93%, respectively, for the identification of IDC-P. IDC-P could further be differentiated from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), a pre-malignant intraductal proliferation that can be mistaken as IDC-P, with accuracies, sensitivities, and specificities > 95% in both training and testing cohorts. As we used stringent criteria to diagnose IDC-P, the main limitation of our study is the exclusion of borderline, difficult-to-classify lesions from our datasets. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we developed classification models for the analysis of RμS data to differentiate IDC-P, PC, and benign tissue, including HGPIN. RμS could be a next-generation histopathological technique used to reinforce the identification of high-risk PC patients and lead to more precise diagnosis of IDC-P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Grosset
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérick Dallaire
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mirela Birlea
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jahg Wong
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Daoust
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noémi Roy
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Kougioumoutzakis
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Feryel Azzi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelly Aubertin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Kadoury
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Latour
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roula Albadine
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susan Prendeville
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Boutros
- Informatics & Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Fraser
- Informatics & Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rob G. Bristow
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michèle Orain
- Oncology Division, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hervé Brisson
- Oncology Division, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nazim Benzerdjeb
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Oncology Division, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hélène Hovington
- Oncology Division, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Oncology Division, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Oncology Division, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Têtu
- Oncology Division, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Leblond
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Trudel
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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8
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Truong M, Frye T, Messing E, Miyamoto H. Historical and contemporary perspectives on cribriform morphology in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 15:475-482. [PMID: 29713007 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Gleason scoring system is widely used for the grading and prognostication of prostate cancer. A Gleason pattern 4 subtype known as cribriform morphology has now been recognized as an aggressive and often lethal pattern of prostate cancer. The vast majority of published and ongoing prostate cancer studies still do not acknowledge the prognostic differences between various Gleason pattern 4 morphologies. As a result, current treatment recommendations are likely to be imprecise and not tailored towards patients who are most likely to die from the disease. Use of active surveillance for patients with Gleason score 3 + 4 prostate cancer has been suggested. However, the success of such paradigms would require cribriform morphology to be reported at the time of prostate biopsy, as patients harbouring such a pattern are poor candidates for surveillance. To date, only a limited number of studies have described the molecular alterations that occur in the cribriform morphological pattern. Further refinement of prostate cancer grading paradigms to distinguish cribriform from noncribriform Gleason pattern 4 is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Truong
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Frye
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Edward Messing
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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9
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Unfavorable Pathology, Tissue Biomarkers and Genomic Tests With Clinical Implications in Prostate Cancer Management. Adv Anat Pathol 2018; 25:293-303. [PMID: 29727322 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer management has traditionally relied upon risk stratification of patients based on Gleason score, pretreatment prostate-specific antigen and clinical tumor stage. However, these factors alone do not adequately reflect the inherent complexity and heterogeneity of prostate cancer. Accurate and individualized risk stratification at the time of diagnosis is instrumental to facilitate clinical decision-making and treatment selection tailored to each patient. The incorporation of tissue and genetic biomarkers into current prostate cancer prediction models may optimize decision-making and improve patient outcomes. In this review we discuss the clinical significance of unfavorable morphologic features such as cribriform architecture and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, tissue biomarkers and genomic tests and assess their potential use in prostate cancer risk assessment and treatment selection.
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Que WC, Qiu HQ, Cheng Y, Liu MB, Wu CY. PTEN in kidney cancer: A review and meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 480:92-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Montironi R, Cimadamore A, Gasparrini S, Mazzucchelli R, Santoni M, Massari F, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Scarpelli M. Prostate cancer with cribriform morphology: diagnosis, aggressiveness, molecular pathology and possible relationships with intraductal carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:685-693. [PMID: 29699428 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1469406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Gleason grading system is one of the most important prognostic factors in prostate cancer (PCa). From the 2005 to the 2014 conference organized by the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP), the histological criteria for the Gleason patterns were improved, resulting in the shrinkage of the Gleason pattern (GP) 3 and expansion of the GP 4. Areas Covered: Cribriform, fused, ill-defined and glomeruloid glands are part of the morphologic spectrum of the current GP 4. Cribriform, derived from the Latin word cribrum (i.e. sieve), was introduced by Gleason to describe glands composed of a solid sheet with perforations or lumina. Cribriform morphology has a worse prognosis compared with the other, non-cribriform, GP4 morphologies. A practical implication is that a cribriform growth precludes a patient from selecting an active surveillance (AS) protocol. Expert commentary: The presence of these four growth patterns should be incorporated into the current Grade Group (GG) system. Enhancing our understanding of cribriform tumor behavior will lead to correctly identifying and treating those patients that will die because of PCa, while sparing treatment in those who do not require it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Montironi
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
| | - Silvia Gasparrini
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzucchelli
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
| | | | - Francesco Massari
- c Division of Oncology , S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- d Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , USA
| | | | - Marina Scarpelli
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
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Ullman D, Dorn D, Rais-Bahrami S, Gordetsky J. Clinical Utility and Biologic Implications of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) and ETS-related Gene (ERG) in Prostate Cancer. Urology 2017; 113:59-70. [PMID: 29225123 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and ETS-related gene (ERG) mutations are commonly found in prostate cancer. Although mouse studies have demonstrated that PTEN and ERG cooperatively interact during tumorigenesis, human studies examining these genes have been inconclusive. A systematic PubMed search including original articles assessing the pathogenesis of PTEN and ERG in prostate cancer was performed. Studies examining ERG's prognostic significance have conflicting results. Studies examining PTEN and ERG simultaneously found these genes are likely to occur together, but cooperative tumorigenesis functions have not been conclusively established. PTEN mutations are associated with a range of prognostic features. However, the practical clinical utility of this information remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ullman
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - David Dorn
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Soroush Rais-Bahrami
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jennifer Gordetsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
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