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Jiang N, Li H, Chen C, Fu R, Zhang Y, Mei L. The emotional adaptation aftereffect discriminates between individuals with high and low levels of depressive symptoms. Cogn Emot 2021; 36:240-253. [PMID: 34775905 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.2002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The adaptation aftereffect plays a critical role in human development and survival. Existing studies have found that, compared with general individuals, individuals with learning disability, autism and dyslexia show a smaller amount of non-affective-based cognitive adaptation aftereffect. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether individuals with depression or depression tendency show similar phenomenon in the adaptation aftereffect, and whether such depression tendency occurs in the non-affective-based cognitive or emotional adaptation aftereffect. To address this question, the present study conducted two experiments. Experiments 1A and 1B used the emotional facial expression adaptation paradigm to examine whether Chinese participants showed the emotional adaptation aftereffect and whether the emotional adaptation aftereffect was influenced by physical features of faces, respectively. Experiment 2 recruited two groups of participants, with high and low depression, respectively, to examine whether they showed differences in the emotional or cognitive adaptation aftereffect. Results showed that Chinese participants showed the typical emotional adaptation aftereffect, which was not influenced by physical features of faces. More importantly, compared to the low-depression group, the high-depression group showed a smaller emotional adaptation aftereffect, but the two groups showed a similar cognitive adaptation aftereffect. These results suggest that level of depressive symptoms is associated with the emotional adaptation aftereffect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ruilin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Mei
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Macro- and micro-structural cerebellar and cortical characteristics of cognitive empathy towards fictional characters in healthy individuals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8804. [PMID: 33888760 PMCID: PMC8062506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Few investigations have analyzed the neuroanatomical substrate of empathic capacities in healthy subjects, and most of them have neglected the potential involvement of cerebellar structures. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between bilateral cerebellar macro- and micro-structural measures and levels of cognitive and affective trait empathy (measured by Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI) in a sample of 70 healthy subjects of both sexes. We also estimated morphometric variations of cerebral Gray Matter structures, to ascertain whether the potential empathy-related peculiarities in cerebellar areas were accompanied by structural differences in other cerebral regions. At macro-structural level, the volumetric differences were analyzed by Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM)- and Region of Interest (ROI)-based approaches, and at a micro-structural level, we analyzed Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data, focusing in particular on Mean Diffusivity and Fractional Anisotropy. Fantasy IRI-subscale was found to be positively associated with volumes in right cerebellar Crus 2 and pars triangularis of inferior frontal gyrus. The here described morphological variations of cerebellar Crus 2 and pars triangularis allow to extend the traditional cortico-centric view of cognitive empathy to the cerebellar regions and indicate that in empathizing with fictional characters the cerebellar and frontal areas are co-recruited.
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Liu S, Li X, Ma R, Cao H, Jing C, Wang Z, Chen D, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Feng J, Wu J. Cancer-associated changes of emotional brain network in non-nervous system metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients: a structural connectomic diffusion tensor imaging study. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:1101-1111. [PMID: 32953489 PMCID: PMC7481628 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Emotional distress frequently occur in cancer patients following diagnosis. Previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that depression and anxiety are associated with functional and structural brain abnormalities. However, little is known about the cancer-associated changes of emotional brain network in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aim of this study was to assess the topological features of brain structural network and emotions in non-nervous system metastatic NSCLC patients prior to chemotherapy. Methods Twenty-four treatment-naïve patients with non-nervous system metastatic NSCLC and 25 healthy controls (HC) matched for gender, age and education participated in this study. All subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and were assessed with the 17 item hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17) and hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA). Properties of brain network were examined by the method of graph-theoretic analysis. The assessments included small-worldness, clustering coefficient and shortest path length. Results NSCLC patients had higher scores of HAMD-17 and HAMA when compared with HC. Additionally, we found a small-world topology of brain white matter network in both NSCLC and HC. NSCLC patients had significantly reduced clustering coefficient compared to healthy controls in the left hippocampus. Moreover, increased shortest path length were identified in NSCLC patients, which included the left middle frontal gyrus (orbital part), superior temporal gyrus and right Rolandic operculum, rectus gyrus, lenticular nucleus (putamen). However, no correlations were found between the impaired brain regions and HAMD-17, HAMA scores of NSCLC patients. Conclusions Our results indicated impaired topological characteristics in the brain structural network of non-nervous system metastatic NSCLC patients prior to chemotherapy, which might account for the cancer-related emotional distress. Our findings demonstrated that NSCLC might affect brain regions involved in the process of emotion, which identified the basis of emotional changes associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Liu
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyou Li
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixia Cao
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changwen Jing
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Niehaus CE, Chaplin TM, Gonçalves SF, Semelsberger R, Thompson JC. Maternal stress and adolescent brain structure and function. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01311. [PMID: 31087785 PMCID: PMC6576197 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a time of heightened sensitivity in biological stress systems and the emergence of stress-related psychopathology. Thus, understanding environmental factors in adolescence that might be associated with adolescents'' stress systems is important. Maternal stress levels may be involved. However, the relationship between maternal stress and the adolescent brain is unknown. METHOD The present study examined the association between mothers' self-reported stress levels and mothers' cortisol stress reactivity and their early adolescents' brain structure and functional activation to stressful negative emotional images. Participants included 66 mothers and their 12- to 14-year old adolescents. Mother's perceived stress and salivary cortisol reactivity to a stressful task were collected. Then, adolescents' brain structure and function were assessed in a magnetic resonance imaging session. RESULTS Functional whole-brain analyses revealed that mothers' higher reported perceived stress, but not cortisol reactivity, predicted adolescents' higher responses in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to stressful negative emotional stimuli. There were no statistically significant associations for structural analyses. CONCLUSIONS Given the finding of maternal stress reactivity related to adolescent mPFC function-an integral structure related to stress responses-parent stress may play a role in the development of neural stress systems in adolescence, with potential implications for development of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara M Chaplin
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA
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Mikels JA, Reuter-Lorenz PA. Affective Working Memory: An Integrative Psychological Construct. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019; 14:543-559. [PMID: 31059662 DOI: 10.1177/1745691619837597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
When people ruminate about an unfortunate encounter with a loved one, savor a long-sought accomplishment, or hold in mind feelings from a marvelous or regretfully tragic moment, what mental processes orchestrate these psychological phenomena? Such experiences typify how affect interacts with working memory, which we posit can occur in three primary ways: emotional experiences can modulate working memory, working memory can modulate emotional experiences, and feelings can be the mental representations maintained by working memory. We propose that this last mode constitutes distinct neuropsychological processes that support the integration of particular cognitive and affective processes: affective working memory. Accumulating behavioral and neural evidence suggests that affective working memory processes maintain feelings and are partially separable from their cognitive working memory counterparts. Affective working memory may be important for elucidating the contribution of affect to decision making, preserved emotional processes in later life, and mechanisms of psychological dysfunction in clinical disorders. We review basic behavioral, neuroscience, and clinical research that provides evidence for affective working memory; consider its theoretical implications; and evaluate its functional role within the psychological architecture. In sum, the perspective we advocate is that affective working memory is a fundamental mechanism of mind.
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The role of anterior and midcingulate cortex in emotional awareness: A domain-general processing perspective. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 166:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64196-0.00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Schulze L, Schulze A, Renneberg B, Schmahl C, Niedtfeld I. Neural Correlates of Affective Disturbances: A Comparative Meta-analysis of Negative Affect Processing in Borderline Personality Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 4:220-232. [PMID: 30581154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are prominent examples of mental disorders with affective disturbances. Notably, all three disorders share a generally heightened negative affect, which is presumably the result of shared neural abnormalities in affective processing. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to identify transdiagnostic and disorder-specific abnormalities during the processing of negative compared with neutral stimuli. METHODS We synthesized neuroimaging findings of affect processing in BPD, MDD, and PTSD and calculated combined coordinate- and image-based meta-analyses. The analysis comprised 70 distinct study samples with a total of 31 unthresholded statistical parametric maps. Twenty-four studies had a focus on BPD (431 individuals with BPD, 436 healthy control subjects [HCs]), 32 studies on MDD (789 individuals with current MDD, 870 HCs), and 14 studies on PTSD (247 individuals with PTSD, 245 HCs). RESULTS Findings showed limbic hyperactivations in BPD and PTSD compared with limbic activation of HCs. In contrast, patients with MDD showed blunted amygdala activation in comparison with that of HCs. Additionally, the calculation of overlapping brain abnormalities in BPD, MDD, and PTSD highlighted transdiagnostic hyperactivation of the right median cingulate gyri and hypoactivation of the right middle frontal gyrus and the right middle occipital gyrus. Finally, disorder-specific comparisons also illustrate unique abnormalities for each mental disorder. CONCLUSIONS The present results support shared and disorder-specific neural abnormalities in patients with affective disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schulze
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schulze
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim at Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Babette Renneberg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim at Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Inga Niedtfeld
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim at Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Walters M, Hines-Martin V. Overview of executive functions in mood and depressive disorders: A review of the literature. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2018; 32:617-637. [PMID: 30029757 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Walters
- Indiana Wesleyan University, School of Nursing, 4201 South Washington Street, Marion, IN 46953, United States; University of Louisville, School of Nursing, 555 South Floyd St., Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
| | - Vicki Hines-Martin
- University of Louisville, School of Nursing, 555 South Floyd St., Louisville, KY 40202, United States
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DeVille DC, Kerr KL, Avery JA, Burrows K, Bodurka J, Feinstein JS, Khalsa SS, Paulus MP, Simmons WK. The Neural Bases of Interoceptive Encoding and Recall in Healthy Adults and Adults With Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:546-554. [PMID: 29724684 PMCID: PMC6415753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theoretical models assert that the brain's interoceptive network links external stimuli with their interoceptive consequences, thereby supporting later recall of these associations to guide the selection of healthy behaviors. If these accounts are correct, previously reported interoceptive abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD) should lead to altered recall of associations between external stimuli and their interoceptive (somatic) consequences. To date, the processes underlying interoceptive recall have never been experimentally investigated. METHODS We designed and implemented the Interoceptive Encoding and Recall task to compare interoceptive and exteroceptive recall among subjects with MDD (n = 24) and healthy comparison subjects (n = 21). During the encoding phase, subjects learned to pair neutral visual cues (geometric shapes) with aversive interoceptive and exteroceptive stimuli. Later, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging, subjects were prompted to recall the stimulus associated with each shape. RESULTS Interoceptive recall, relative to exteroceptive recall, was associated with bilateral mid-to-posterior insula activation. Relative to the healthy control participants, participants with depression exhibited marked hypoactivation of the right dorsal mid-insula during interoceptive recall. CONCLUSIONS In healthy control subjects, simply recalling a stimulus associated with a previous interoceptive challenge activated a key region in the brain's interoceptive network. Although previous research has linked MDD with aberrant processing of interoceptive stimuli, the current study is the first to demonstrate that individuals with MDD exhibit decreased insula activity while recalling interoceptive memories. It is possible that insula hypoactivation during interoceptive recall may affect the representation of prior interoceptive experiences in ways that contribute to depressive symptomology and the relationship between depression and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C DeVille
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Kara L Kerr
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Jason A Avery
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kaiping Burrows
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma; College of Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Justin S Feinstein
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - W Kyle Simmons
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
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Smith R, Lane RD, Alkozei A, Bao J, Smith C, Sanova A, Nettles M, Killgore WDS. The role of medial prefrontal cortex in the working memory maintenance of one's own emotional responses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3460. [PMID: 29472625 PMCID: PMC5823866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in maintaining emotional information within working memory (WM) remains insufficiently investigated – with some studies suggesting this process activates MPFC and others suggesting its activity is suppressed. To reconcile these different results, we asked 26 healthy participants to complete a WM task involving the maintenance of emotional content (EWM), visual content (VWM), or no content (“rest”) after exposure to emotion-provoking images. We also assessed individual differences in emotional awareness (EA). We observed that dorsal MPFC was more active during EWM than VWM; further, relative to the rest condition, both of these WM conditions involved suppression of ventral MPFC. We also observed that the dorsal anterior cingulate subregion of dorsal MPFC was positively associated with EA. We discuss how these results may be able to reconcile the findings of previous EWM studies, and extend understanding of the relationship between MPFC, EA, and WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5002, United States.
| | - Richard D Lane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5002, United States
| | - Anna Alkozei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5002, United States
| | - Jennifer Bao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5002, United States
| | - Courtney Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5002, United States
| | - Anna Sanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5002, United States
| | - Matthew Nettles
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5002, United States
| | - William D S Killgore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5002, United States
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Strigo IA, Craig ADB. Interoception, homeostatic emotions and sympathovagal balance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20160010. [PMID: 28080968 PMCID: PMC5062099 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We briefly review the evidence for distinct neuroanatomical substrates that underlie interoception in humans, and we explain how they substantialize feelings from the body (in the insular cortex) that are conjoined with homeostatic motivations that guide adaptive behaviours (in the cingulate cortex). This hierarchical sensorimotor architecture coincides with the limbic cortical architecture that underlies emotions, and thus we regard interoceptive feelings and their conjoint motivations as homeostatic emotions We describe how bivalent feelings, emotions and sympathovagal balance can be organized and regulated efficiently in the bicameral forebrain as asymmetric positive/negative, approach/avoidance and parasympathetic/sympathetic components. We provide original evidence supporting this organization from studies of cardiorespiratory vagal activity in monkeys and functional imaging studies in healthy humans showing activation modulated by paced breathing and passively viewed emotional images. The neuroanatomical architecture of interoception provides deep insight into the functional organization of all emotional feelings and behaviours in humans.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Strigo
- Research Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Arthur D Bud Craig
- Neurosurgery Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
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