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Kolaitis G, van der Ende J, Zaravinos-Tsakos F, White T, Derks I, Verhulst F, Tiemeier H. The occurrence of internalizing problems and chronic pain symptoms in early childhood: what comes first? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1933-1941. [PMID: 34137940 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain and internalizing problems are characterized by concurrent associations but the directionality of this relationship in early childhood remains unclear. This prospective study aimed to investigate the bidirectional effect of chronic pain and internalizing problems and test the persistence of pain over time in a population-based sample of preschoolers. The study was embedded in Generation R, a large population-based cohort. Mothers of 3,996 children assessed their child's experienced pain and internalizing problems at 3 and 6 years. At 3 years, paternal reports were available too. Reports of family functioning, discipline practices and parental psychopathology were also collected. The prevalence of chronic pain was 2.7% (106) and 8.0% (294) at baseline and follow-up, respectively. The presence of internalizing problems at child age 3 years predicted chronic pain at 6 years, for both maternal (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02,1.07, p < 0.001) and paternal (OR 1.03, 95%CI 1.00, 1.06, p < 0.05) internalizing problem reports, when adjusted for potential confounding factors. In contrast, chronic pain did not increase the likelihood of internalizing problems. The temporal relationship between chronic pain and internalizing problems appears to follow a largely unidirectional trend in early childhood, with internalizing problems increasing the likelihood of concurrent physical symptoms. Current understanding of the directionality of this relationship, highlights the importance for comprehensive assessment of psychiatric problems contributing to the manifestation of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Kolaitis
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Thivon and Papadiamantopoulou, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Jan van der Ende
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Foivos Zaravinos-Tsakos
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Thivon and Papadiamantopoulou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Tonya White
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne Derks
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Verhulst
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Amendola S, Hengartner MP, Spensieri V, Grillo L, Cerutti R. Patterns of internalizing symptoms and disability functioning in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1455-1464. [PMID: 33909142 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite findings from previous studies, there is still little consistent knowledge regarding the co-occurrence patterns of somatic, depressive and anxiety symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Moreover, functional disability due to somatic symptoms at different concomitant levels of depression and anxiety is understudied. The present study examined the co-occurrence patterns of somatic symptoms and symptoms of depression and anxiety, in children and adolescents using two-step cluster analysis. Differences in functional disability due to somatic symptoms were tested with ANCOVA controlling for gender and age. The sample comprised 1127 Italian children and adolescents (48.7% males, n = 549) aged 8-16 years (Mage = 11.7, SD = 2.37). Data were collected using the Children Somatization Inventory-24, the Children Depression Inventory, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and the Functional Disability Inventory. A four-cluster solution based on the co-occurrence of internalizing symptoms best fit the data. The four clusters were labelled as follows: cluster 1: "High somatic symptoms and average depression/anxiety"; cluster 2: "High somatic symptoms and high depression/anxiety"; cluster 3: "Average somatic symptoms and above average depression/anxiety"; and cluster 4: "Low somatic symptoms and low depression/anxiety". Significant differences between the four groups according to gender and age were shown. Participants with high levels of somatic, depressive, and anxiety symptoms reported greater functional disability due to somatic symptoms than the other three groups. Our findings indicate that children and adolescents who demonstrate high symptoms of depression and anxiety also reported higher levels of disability in daily life due to somatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amendola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael P Hengartner
- Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Pfingstweidstrasse 96, Zurich, 8005, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Spensieri
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Grillo
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Cerutti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Salmon M, Sibeoni J, Harf A, Moro MR, Ludot-Grégoire M. Systematic review on somatization in a transcultural context among teenagers and young adults: Focus on the nosography blur. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:897002. [PMID: 35958663 PMCID: PMC9358691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.897002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Somatic complaints are a frequent cause for consultation in primary care. In a transcultural context, somatic complaints are typically associated with psychological distress. A recent review about somatic symptom disorders in adolescence showed some nosographic heterogeneity and outlined various etiological hypotheses (traumatic, environmental, or neurologic), separate from the cross-cultural considerations. Migrants' children encounter specific problems involving cultural mixing-issues of filiation (familial transmission) and affiliation (belonging to a group). This paper aims to provide a systematic review of somatization in transcultural contexts among teenagers and young adults, aged 13 to 24, over the past decade. Methods This review adheres to the quality criteria set forth by the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Two authors queried three English databases (Medline, PsycInfo, WebOfScience) about somatization in transcultural contexts (migrant or non-Western population) among teenagers (13-18), young adults (19-24), or both. The methodological process comprised articles selection, data extraction, and then the analysis of emerging themes. Setting selection criteria to limit the transcultural field was difficult. Results The study analyzed 68 articles. We present a descriptive analysis of the results, centered on three main themes. First, the literature highlights a nosographic muddle reflected in the combination of anxious and depressive symptoms together with the highly variable symptomatology. Second, discrimination issues were prevalent among the migrant population. Lastly, the literature review points out possibilities for improving a care pathway and reducing the diagnostic delay induced by migrants' hesitancy about Western care and the recurrent use of inappropriate diagnostic criteria. Conclusion This review discusses the links between the nosographic muddle described here and the diagnostic delays these patients experience and raises concerns about rigid diagnostic compartmentalization. The work of the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon is here useful to understand externalized symptoms resulting from physical and psychological confinement. Discrimination issues raise questions about the cultural counter-transference health professionals experience in dealing with young migrants. Defining healthcare professionals' representations about somatic complaints in a transcultural context might be a fruitful path to explore in future research. Protocol PROSPERO registration number CRD42021294132. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021294132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Salmon
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jordan Sibeoni
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adolescent, Centre Hospitalier d'Argenteuil, Argenteuil, France
- ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Harf
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Rose Moro
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, Villejuif, France
- Université de Paris, PCPP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Maude Ludot-Grégoire
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, Villejuif, France
- Université de Paris, PCPP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Ludot M, Merlo M, Ibrahim N, Piot MA, Lefèvre H, Carles ME, Harf A, Moro MR. ["Somatic symptom disorders" in adolescence. A systematic review of the recent literature]. Encephale 2021; 47:596-604. [PMID: 34538623 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Body expression of mental disorders is common in adolescence. Only two literature reviews over the last five years have been identified about somatoform disorders in children., The present article provides a systematic review of articles in English, which concern "Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders" according to the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - 5th Edition) among adolescents. METHODS The article search was made on Medline, Psychinfo, Google Scholar, BiomedCentral, Central and tripdatabase (for grey literature) according to PRISMA criteria and with the items "somatoform disorders" or "somatic symptom disorders". An age filter was applied for "adolescents", and a selection was done from the last five years. All articles concerning adolescents (often associated with children) were initially included, except for articles concerning eating disorders, dysmorphic disorders or adult population. Comments, editorials, opinion or descriptive articles were also excluded. The authors then carried out an analysis of the main topics, themes and questions covered in the selected publications and presented a descriptive synthesis. RESULTS A total of seventy-seven publications were included in the analysis, from three hundred and seventy-two publications. First, the terms used to refer to these "somatic symptom disorders" were varied, such as "somatization", "somatic complaints/symptoms", "functional disorder", "unexplained symptoms" and "somatoform disorders". Then, studies related just to adolescents were limited: most of studies included children and adolescents in their methodologies; and some of them questioned somatic symptoms from a developmental perspective. Case reports were the most represented articles among all medical specialties, with clinical descriptions about "functional neurological symptom disorder", "factitious disorder" and "somatic symptom disorder" with a medical disease, among children and adolescents. We sometimes observed a controversial borderline between psychological and somatic disorders. Various explanatory models appeared, especially the trauma path; familial and social environment was also pointed out, with a possible peer group effect; neurocognitive theories were finally described. The literature highlights the effectiveness of psychosocial therapies (especially the cognitive-behavioral therapy) and the importance of multidisciplinary management. Finally, a few studies with a qualitative methodology are represented. CONCLUSIONS Only nine articles included "somatic symptom disorder" in their titles, despite a terminology valued by many authors (compared to "somatoform disorders" from the DSM-IV). The heterogeneity of terminologies, case reports and explanatory models witness a lack of connexions between medical specialties. This could explain in part the wandering of adolescents and their families in the health care system. It could also contribute to the delay before diagnosis, especially when neurological symptoms exist, and a late referral for psychiatric consultation. Further studies are needed to understand difficulties to use a clinical pathway among medical specialties, when the benefit of amultidisciplinary approach seems to be unanimous.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ludot
- Maison de Solenn, hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; PCPP, université de Paris, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, UVSQ, université Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France.
| | - M Merlo
- Maison de Solenn, hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - N Ibrahim
- Maison de Solenn, hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; PCPP, université de Paris, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, UVSQ, université Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France; Groupe français de recherche en médecine et santé de l'adolescent, maison de Solenn, hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - M-A Piot
- Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, UVSQ, université Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France; Faculté de santé, UFR de médecine, université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant, de l'adolescent et du jeune adulte, institut mutualiste Montsouris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - H Lefèvre
- Maison de Solenn, hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; PCPP, université de Paris, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, UVSQ, université Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France; Groupe français de recherche en médecine et santé de l'adolescent, maison de Solenn, hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - M-E Carles
- Maison de Solenn, hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; PCPP, université de Paris, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, UVSQ, université Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - A Harf
- Maison de Solenn, hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; PCPP, université de Paris, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, UVSQ, université Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - M R Moro
- Maison de Solenn, hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; PCPP, université de Paris, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, UVSQ, université Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France
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Romero-Acosta K, Gómez-de-Regil L, Lowe GA, Lipps GE, Gibson RC. Parenting Styles, Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Child/Adolescent. Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) 2021; 14:12-32. [PMID: 34306576 PMCID: PMC8297574 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the possible direct and interactive associations of sex, age and parenting styles with symptoms of depression and anxiety. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 710 students ranging from 8 to 13 years (mean age 10.8 years [ 0.75]), the most of them males (n = 422, 59.4%), completed three screening instruments: a parenting practices scale and two self-reports for evaluating anxiety and depressive symptoms. Two hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Authoritative (38.6%) and neglectful (38%) parenting styles were predominant. Symptoms of depression -F (3, 706) = 3.12, p = .03- and anxiety -F (3, 706) = 2.83, p = .4- differed by parenting styles. Students with a neglectful parenting style reported significant lower generalized anxiety symptoms than those whose parents used authoritative parenting. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Children ages 8 to 13 years-old with authoritative parenting style should be evaluated for possible presence of generalized anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Romero-Acosta
- Grupo de investigación Dimensiones Humanas. Departamento de investigación psicológica, Facultad de humanidades y educación. Corporación Universitaria del Caribe CECAR. Sincelejo, Colombia.Corporación Universitaria del CaribeCorporación Universitaria del Caribe CECARSincelejoColombia
| | - Lizzette Gómez-de-Regil
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán. Fraccionamiento Altabrisa. Mérida, Yucatán, México.MéridaYucatánMéxico
| | - Gillian A. Lowe
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. The University of the West Indies Mona. Kingston, Jamaica.The University of the West Indies MonaKingstonJamaica
| | - Garth E. Lipps
- Department of Sociology, Psychology and Social Work. The University of the West Indies Mona. Kingston, Jamaica.The University of the West Indies MonaKingstonJamaica
| | - Roger C. Gibson
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. The University of the West Indies Mona. Kingston, Jamaica.The University of the West Indies MonaKingstonJamaica
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Parenting Styles and Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence: A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173192. [PMID: 31480548 PMCID: PMC6747480 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of recent research has identified associations between various parenting practices and styles and internalizing problems among adolescents. However, the reported findings are inconsistent and the studies in question have been conducted from different theoretical backgrounds. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the literature on the association of parental socialization styles with depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. To this end, we conducted a systematic search of the PsycInfo, Scopus, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases, covering literature published from 2010 to 2019. The search was restricted to peer-reviewed studies in English or Spanish. The results show that parental warmth, behavioural control, and autonomy granting are inversely related to internalizing symptoms in adolescents. Conversely, psychological control and harsh control by parents are positively associated with adolescent anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Although the associated effect sizes are only small or moderate, the results suggest that these variables should be taken into account when designing programmes aimed at promoting parenting styles conducive to the wellbeing of adolescents.
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