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Cheon BK, Smith MR, Bittner JMP, Loch LK, Haynes HE, Bloomer BF, Te-Vazquez JA, Bowling AI, Brady SM, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Chen KY, Yanovski JA. Lower subjective social status is associated with increased adiposity and self-reported eating in the absence of hunger due to negative affect among children reporting teasing distress. J Pediatr Psychol 2024:jsae024. [PMID: 38637284 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low social standing and teasing are independently associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and overeating in children. However, children with low social status may be vulnerable to teasing. METHODS We tested the statistical interaction of subjective social status (SSS) and subjective socioeconomic status (SSES) and teasing distress on BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) in children (Mage = 13.09 years, SD = 2.50 years; 27.8% overweight/obese). Multiple linear regressions identified the main effects of self-reported SSS (compared to peers in school), distress due to teasing, and their interaction on BMI (n = 115), FMI (n = 114), and child- (n = 100) and parent-reported (n = 97) EAH. RESULTS Teasing distress was associated with greater BMI, FMI, and child-reported EAH due to negative affect (a subscale of EAH) and total EAH scores. There were no associations of SSS with these outcomes. However, there was an interaction between SSS and teasing distress for BMI, FMI, and EAH from negative affect such that lower SSS was associated with higher BMI, FMI, and EAH from negative affect in the presence of teasing distress. However, there were no main effects or interactions (with teasing distress) of SSES on the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the relationship between lower SSS and increased adiposity and overeating behaviors may be exacerbated by other threats to social standing, such as teasing. Children exposed to multiple social threats may be more susceptible to eating beyond physiological need and obesity than those who experience a single form of perceived social disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby K Cheon
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Meegan R Smith
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julia M P Bittner
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lucy K Loch
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hannah E Haynes
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Bess F Bloomer
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer A Te-Vazquez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrea I Bowling
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Heeren FAN, Darcey VL, Deemer SE, Menon S, Tobias D, Cardel MI. Breaking down silos: the multifaceted nature of obesity and the future of weight management. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220215. [PMID: 37482785 PMCID: PMC10363700 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The continued global increase in the prevalence of obesity prompted a meeting at the Royal Society of London investigating causal mechanisms of the disease, 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures, and evidence' in October 2022. Evidence presented indicates areas of obesity science where there have been advancements, including an increased understanding of biological and physiological processes of weight gain and maintenance, yet it is clear there is still debate on the relative contribution of plausible causes of the modern obesity epidemic. Consensus was reached that obesity is not a reflection of diminished willpower, but rather the confluence of multiple, complex factors. As such, addressing obesity requires multifactorial prevention and treatment strategies. The accumulated evidence suggests that a continued focus primarily on individual-level contributors will be suboptimal in promoting weight management at the population level. Here, we consider individual biological and physiological processes within the broader context of sociodemographic and sociocultural exposures as well as environmental changes to optimize research priorities and public health efforts. This requires a consideration of a systems-level approach that efficiently addresses both systemic and group-specific environmental determinants, including psychosocial factors, that often serve as a barrier to otherwise efficacious prevention and treatment options. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Anne N. Heeren
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611-7011, USA
| | - Valerie L. Darcey
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, Integrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah E. Deemer
- Integrative Metabolism & Disease Prevention Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion & Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Sarada Menon
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611-7011, USA
| | - Deirdre Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Nutrition Department, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle I. Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611-7011, USA
- WW International Inc, New York, New York 10010, USA
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3
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Cheon BK, Low X, Wijaya DJ, Lee A. Perceived inequality in society may not motivate increased food intake in the absence of personal socioeconomic disadvantage. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1237. [PMID: 37365621 PMCID: PMC10294481 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater levels of socioeconomic inequality across societies have been associated with higher rates of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. While these relationships could be attributed to poorer quality of health services and lower access to healthier lifestyles among disadvantaged groups in societies with greater economic inequality, this explanation does not account for those who experience relative economic security in such unequal societies (e.g., the middle and upper classes). Here, we tested whether perceptions of greater disparities between social classes in one's society (i.e., perceived societal inequality) may promote eating behaviors that risk excess energy intake. METHODS In two studies, participants completed an experimental manipulation that situated them as middle class within a hypothetical society that was presented to have either large disparities in socioeconomic resources between classes (high inequality condition) or low disparities (low inequality condition), while keeping the participants' objective socioeconomic standing constant across conditions. In Study 1 (pre-registered), participants (n = 167) completed the perceived societal inequality manipulation before a computerized food portion selection task to measure desired portion sizes for a variety of foods. Study 2 (n = 154) involved a similar design as Study 1, but with inclusion of a neutral control condition (no awareness of class disparities) followed by ad libitum consumption of potato chips. RESULTS While the high inequality condition successfully elicited perceptions of one's society as having greater socioeconomic inequalities between classes, it did not generate consistent feelings of personal socioeconomic disadvantage. Across both studies, we observed no differences between conditions in average selected portion sizes or actual energy intake. CONCLUSIONS Taken together with prior research on the effects of subjective socioeconomic disadvantage on increased energy intake, these findings suggest that perceptions of inequality in one's society may be insufficient to stimulate heightened energy intake in the absence of personal socioeconomic disadvantage or inadequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby K Cheon
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Dr., Room 3166, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
| | - Xenia Low
- School of Social Sciences (Psychology), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darren Jeffian Wijaya
- School of Social Sciences (Psychology), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Albert Lee
- School of Social Sciences (Psychology), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Herbozo S, Brown KL, Burke NL, LaRose JG. A Call to Reconceptualize Obesity Treatment in Service of Health Equity: Review of Evidence and Future Directions. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:24-35. [PMID: 36729299 PMCID: PMC9894524 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rates of obesity and associated comorbidities are higher among Black and Latino adults compared to white adults. We sought to provide an overview of both structural and individual factors contributing to obesity inequities and synthesize available evidence regarding treatment outcomes in Black and Latino adults, with an eye towards informing future directions. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity disparities are influenced by myriad systemic issues, yet the vast majority of interventions target individual-level factors only, and most behavioral treatments fail to target drivers beyond eating and physical activity. Extant treatments are not equally accessible, affordable, or effective among Black and Latino adults compared with white counterparts. Asset-based, culturally relevant interventions that target the root causes of obesity and address intersectional stress-designed in partnership with intended beneficiaries-are urgently needed. Treatment trials must improve enrollment of Black and Latino adults and report treatment outcomes by race and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Herbozo
- Department of Surgery, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Kristal Lyn Brown
- Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Natasha L Burke
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, The Bronx, USA
| | - Jessica Gokee LaRose
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
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Rancourt D, Heeren FA, Cardel M. Testing a Biobehavioral Model of Food Insecurity and Chronic Disease in Hispanic Older Adolescents. Nutrients 2023; 15:1027. [PMID: 36839383 PMCID: PMC9962602 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The biobehavioral model of food insecurity and chronic disease posits that stress perpetuates the cycle of food insecurity and chronic disease, in part, through changes in eating behaviors and weight gain. The current study conducted a preliminary test of the biobehavioral model in a sample of Hispanic older adolescents. It was hypothesized that older adolescents experiencing food insecurity would report greater depressive symptoms, which would be associated with more disordered eating, which would be associated with worse cardiometabolic indicators. Hispanic older adolescents (N = 113; 60% female; 15-21 years with mean age of 19.1; BMImean = 24.4) completed self-report baseline measures of food insecurity, depression, and disordered eating behaviors as part of a larger experimental study. Anthropometrics and body composition, blood pressure, heart rate, and resting metabolic rate were objectively measured. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. Experiencing food insecurity was associated with more disordered eating (b = 2.20, p = 0.032). Greater depressive symptoms were associated with more disordered eating (b = 0.28, p = 0.025) and worse cardiometabolic indicators (b = 0.15, p = 0.017). The full biobehavioral model, however, was not supported. Findings underscore the complex interaction of social and psychological functioning and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rancourt
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Faith A. Heeren
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michelle Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- WW International, Inc., New York, NY 10010, USA
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Rahal D, Chiang JJ, Huynh VW, Bower JE, McCreath H, Fuligni AJ. Low subjective social status is associated with daily selection of fewer healthy foods and more high-fat/high sugar foods. Appetite 2023; 180:106338. [PMID: 36210016 PMCID: PMC10479967 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic status has been related to poorer eating behaviors, potentially due to feeling of lower status relative to peers. Despite experimental evidence that temporarily feeling of lower status can contribute to greater caloric intake, it remains unclear how feeling of lower social status relate to eating behavior in daily life. This study aimed to test whether lower subjective social status (SSS)-the feeling of having relatively lower social status-in American society and relative to college peers were related to daily food selection. A sample of 131 young adults (Mage = 20.3, SD = 0.8; 60% female; 46% Latinos; 34% European American; 15% Asian American; 5% of other ethnicities) reported their SSS in society and in college and completed 15 daily reports regarding the number of daily servings they had of fruits, vegetables, fried foods, fast foods, desserts, and sugary drinks. Multilevel models with days nested within individuals were used to test whether low SSS in society or college related to daily food intake. Next, we examined whether associations were driven by young adults' perceived stress and daily stressors. Analyses controlled for age, gender, ethnicity, family and personal income, and parents' education to test the unique associations between subjective status and food intake. Whereas SSS in society was not related to food intake, young adults with lower SSS in their college consumed fewer daily servings of healthy foods and more daily servings of high-fat/high-sugar foods. Although lower college SSS was related to greater perceived stress, perceived stress and daily stressors were consistently unrelated to daily food intake. Findings suggested that lower SSS in local environments (e.g., college) may impact young adults' daily food choices through processes beyond heightened stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rahal
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
| | - Jessica J Chiang
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Virginia W Huynh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Development, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather McCreath
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Fuligni
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Obesity in Adolescents: Understanding the Combined Role of Food Security and Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:502-507. [PMID: 35739006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations and interactions between levels of food security and emotional and behavioral disorders with obesity in adolescents. METHODS Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to analyze the association of adolescent obesity with levels of food security and emotional and behavior disorders in children aged 12-17 years using data from National Health Interview Survey 2016-2018 combined years. Presence of emotional and behavioral disorders within food security categories was added to logistic regression modeling to examine interactions. RESULTS When added individually to multiple logistic regression models, marginal and low food security, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and anxiety were associated with increased odds of obesity, but very low food security and depression were not. Within the group of adolescents with very low food security, those with anxiety, depression, or ADHD had a nearly two to three-fold increase in odds of obesity compared to adolescents with very low food security and no emotional and behavioral disorders. A similar increase in the odds of obesity with the presence of anxiety, depression, or ADHD was not seen in the adolescents with high food security. DISCUSSION This study finds a significant interaction between food security level and emotional and behavioral disorders. The distinction that very low food security in adolescents is only associated with obesity when either anxiety, depression or ADHD are present, but not independently, is an important contribution to understanding complex interactions contributing to obesity.
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Pink AE, Lim PXH, Sim AY, Cheon BK. The Effects of Acute Social Media Exposure on Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Behavior of Male and Female Students. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Experimental research has examined the effect of social media on body dissatisfaction, but little attention has been given to the impact on eating behavior. Across two studies, we tested the causal relationship between acute social media use, body dissatisfaction and eating behavior. Methods: In Study 1, 80 female participants (age: M = 20.75 years; BMI: M = 21.3) viewed their own Facebook account or a news website before completing a portion size selection task. In Study 2 (pre-registered), 148 participants (81 females; age: M = 20.92 years; BMI: M = 22.19), viewed their own or an experimenter-curated Instagram profile before consuming potato chips ad-libitum. Results: In Study 1, body dissatisfaction was significantly higher in participants who viewed Facebook (compared to a news website) and significantly mediated the effect of condition on portion size selection. In Study 2, regardless of condition females reported significantly smaller ideal body sizes and higher body dissatisfaction compared to males. When females reported a thinner body size as ideal, females in the personal Instagram consumed significantly less potato chips than those in the control Instagram condition. When males reported a smaller actual body size, males in the personal Instagram condition consumed significantly less potato chips than males in the control Instagram condition. Discussion: Findings suggest brief bouts of social media use may produce immediate disruptions to body image of both sexes, and restrained snack intake of females endorsing thin ideals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee E. Pink
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Swansea University, Swansea, UK; and A∗STAR, Singapore
| | | | | | - Bobby K. Cheon
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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9
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Cheon BK, Lee LL. Subjective socioeconomic disadvantage is indirectly associated with food portion selection through perceived disruption of personal resources during a nationwide COVID-19 stay-at-home order. Appetite 2022; 178:106158. [PMID: 35780937 PMCID: PMC9245368 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its public health implications, the global COVID-19 pandemic has also produced significant disruptions to individuals' socioeconomic resources and opportunities. Prior research has suggested that low subjective socioeconomic status (SSES) may stimulate appetite and motivate increased energy intake. Here, we tested whether individuals experiencing lower levels of SSES (SSES disadvantage) during a nationwide stay-at-home order for COVID-19 exhibited preferences for larger food portion sizes through perceived disruptions to personal financial and material resources. Data was collected near the conclusion of a nationwide partial lockdown (Singapore's “Circuit-Breaker” from April to June 2020). Participants (N = 295) completed an online survey involving a measure of SSES, the Coronavirus Impacts Questionnaire, and a food portion selection task where participants estimated the portion size they prefer to consume for a range of common foods. SSES disadvantage was associated with selection of smaller average portion sizes. Yet, a significant indirect effect of coronavirus impact was observed in this relationship, such that participants experiencing greater SSES disadvantage selected larger portion sizes through the effect of greater perceived impacts of COVID-19 to one's financial/material resources (controlling for one's actual level of income). These findings further support the idea that perceived deprivation and insecurity of important resources (financial, social, material) may influence intentions to consume greater amounts of energy. Consequently, systematic societal disruptions to such resources may reinforce and perpetuate potentially obesogenic eating behaviors of populations that are especially vulnerable to such shocks (i.e., people experiencing SSES disadvantage).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby K Cheon
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Li Ling Lee
- School of Social Sciences (Psychology), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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10
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Booker JM, Chang DC, Stinson EJ, Mitchell CM, Votruba SB, Krakoff J, Gluck ME, Cabeza de Baca T. Food insecurity is associated with higher respiratory quotient and lower glucagon-like peptide 1. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1248-1256. [PMID: 35674698 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food insecurity is known to be associated with obesity, but its association with physiological measures is unclear. Therefore, it was hypothesized that, compared with food-secure individuals, those with food insecurity would have higher 24-hour energy expenditure (EE [kilocalories per day]) and 24-hour respiratory quotient (RQ [ratio]). Subsequently, hormones involved in appetite regulation, substrate oxidation, and EE were explored. METHODS A total of 113 healthy participants without diabetes (75 men; mean [SD], age 40 [12] years; BMI 30 [8] kg/m2 ) were included in this analysis. Participants completed the Food Security Short Form, underwent a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan, and spent 24 hours in a human respiratory chamber following a weight-maintaining diet. RESULTS Compared with individuals with food security, participants with food insecurity had no difference in 24-hour EE. However, they had higher carbohydrate oxidation rates (p = 0.03) and lower lipid oxidation rates (p = 0.02), resulting in higher 24-hour RQ (p < 0.01). They also had lower fasting glucagon-like peptide 1 (p = 0.03) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity is associated with higher 24-hour RQ and lower fasting glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations, metabolic and hormonal differences previously shown to drive greater calorie intake in the setting of unrestricted food availability. These findings therefore provide new insight into the paradoxical link between restricted food access and increased adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetaun M Booker
- Department of Health and Human Services, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Douglas C Chang
- Department of Health and Human Services, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Emma J Stinson
- Department of Health and Human Services, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Cassie M Mitchell
- Department of Health and Human Services, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Susanne B Votruba
- Department of Health and Human Services, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Department of Health and Human Services, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Marci E Gluck
- Department of Health and Human Services, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Tomás Cabeza de Baca
- Department of Health and Human Services, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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11
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Lee AM, Huo T, Miller D, Gurka MJ, Thompson LA, Modave FP, Hong YR, Pavela G, Cardel MI. The effects of experimentally manipulated social status and subjective social status on physical activity among Hispanic adolescents: An RCT. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12877. [PMID: 34859604 PMCID: PMC9010353 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low objective socioeconomic status (SES) and subjective social status (SSS), one's perceived social rank, are associated with obesity. This association may be due, in part, to social status-related differences in energy expenditure. Experimental studies are needed to assess the extent to which SES and SSS relate to energy expenditure. OBJECTIVE Assess the effects of experimentally manipulated social status and SSS on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour. METHODS One hundred thirty-three Hispanic adolescents aged 15-21 were randomized to a high or low social status position, facilitated through a rigged game of Monopoly™. SSS was assessed with MacArthur Scales. Post-manipulation 24-h MVPA and sedentary behaviour were assessed via accelerometry. Analyses were conducted with general linear regression models. RESULTS Experimentally manipulated social status did not significantly affect the total time spent in MVPA or sedentary behaviour; however, identifying as low SSS was significantly associated with less MVPA (p = 0.0060; 18.76 min less). CONCLUSIONS Tewnty-four-hour MVPA and sedentary behaviour are not affected by an acute experimental manipulation of social status. However, low SSS, independent of SES, was associated with clinically significant differences in MVPA. SSS may be a better predictor of MVPA than SES among Hispanic adolescents, potentially influencing obesity, and other health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Lee
- Dept. of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida
| | - Tianyao Huo
- Dept. of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida
| | - Darci Miller
- Dept. of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida
| | - Matthew J. Gurka
- Dept. of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida
| | - Lindsay A. Thompson
- Dept. of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida,Department of Pediatrics, UF Health
| | - François P. Modave
- Dept. of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida
| | - Young-Rock Hong
- Dept. of Health Services Research, Management, and Policy, University of Florida
| | - Gregory Pavela
- Dept. of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Michelle I. Cardel
- Dept. of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida,WW International, Inc
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12
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Boles DZ, Turnwald BP, Perry MA, Crum AJ. Emphasizing pleasure over health promotes preference for nutritious foods in people of low socioeconomic status. Appetite 2022; 172:105945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Newsome FA, Gravlee CC, Cardel MI. Systemic and Environmental Contributors to Obesity Inequities in Marginalized Racial and Ethnic Groups. Nurs Clin North Am 2021; 56:619-634. [PMID: 34749900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that disproportionally affects diverse racial and ethnic groups. Structural racism influences racial inequities in obesity prevalence through environmental factors, such as racism and discrimination, socioeconomic status, increased levels of stress, and bias in the health care delivery system. Researchers, clinicians, and policy makers must work to address the environmental and systematic barriers that contribute to health inequities in the United States. Specifically, clinicians should quantitatively and qualitatively assess environmental and social factors and proactively engage in patient-centered care to tailor available treatments based on identified needs and experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A Newsome
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 2197 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Clarence C Gravlee
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, 1112 Turlington Hall, PO Box 117305, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Michelle I Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 2197 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; WW International, Inc, New York, NY, USA
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14
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He W. The effect of thinking of money on social distance: The moderating role of subjective socioeconomic status. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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McClain AC, Gallo LC, Mattei J. Subjective Social Status and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers by Intersectionality of Race/Ethnicity and Sex Among U.S. Young Adults. Ann Behav Med 2021; 56:442-460. [PMID: 33942845 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective social status (SSS) has shown inverse relationships with cardiometabolic risk, but intersectionalities of race/ethnicity and sex may indicate more nuanced relationships. PURPOSE To investigate associations of SSS with cardiometabolic risk markers by race/ethnicity and sex. METHODS Data were from Wave IV (2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 4,847; 24-32 years), which collected biological cardiometabolic risk markers. A 10-step ladder captured SSS; respondents indicated on which step they perceived they stood in relation to other people in the U.S. higher values indicated higher SSS (range: 1-10). We tested the relationship between SSS and individual markers using generalized least square means linear regression models, testing three-way interactions between SSS, race/ethnicity, and sex (p < .10) before stratification. RESULTS SSS-race/ethnicity-sex interactions were significantly associated with waist circumference (p ≤ .0001), body mass index (BMI; p ≤ .0001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; p ≤ .0001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; p = .0004), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; p = .07). SSS was associated with waist circumference (β [SE]: -1.2 (0.4), p < .05) and BMI (-0.6 [0.2], p < .01) for non-Hispanic White females, compared with males; with HDL-C among non-Hispanic White (0.2 [0.1]; p < .05) and Hispanic (0.3 (0.1); p < .05) females, compared with males; with SBP for non-Hispanic Asian (1.7 [0.8]; p < .05) and Multiracial (1.8 [0.8]; p < .05), versus White, females; and with DBP for non-Hispanic Black (0.8 [0.3]; p < .01), versus White, males. CONCLUSIONS SSS was differentially related to cardiometabolic risk markers by race/ethnicity and sex, suggesting intersectional aspects. Clinical and research applications of SSS should consider race/ethnicity- and sex-specific pathways influencing cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C McClain
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Guazzelli Williamson V, Lee AM, Miller D, Huo T, Maner JK, Cardel M. Psychological Resilience, Experimentally Manipulated Social Status, and Dietary Intake among Adolescents. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030806. [PMID: 33804409 PMCID: PMC7998543 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States, Hispanic American (HA) youth have higher rates of overweight and obesity. Previous work suggests that low perceived social status (SS) promotes excess caloric intake and, thereby, development of obesity. Psychological resilience may play a role in reducing adverse eating behaviors and risk for obesity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether resilience (as measured by the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale) interacts with experimentally manipulated SS to affect dietary intake among HA adolescents (n = 132). Using a rigged game of Monopoly (Hasbro, Inc.), participants were randomized to a high or low SS condition. Following the Monopoly game, participants consumed an ad libitum lunch and their dietary intake was assessed. There was a significant interaction between resilience and experimentally manipulated SS for total energy intake (p = 0.006), percent energy needs consumed (p = 0.005), and sugar intake (p = 0.004). For the high SS condition, for each increase in resilience score, total energy intake decreased by 7.165 ± 2.866 kcal (p = 0.014) and percent energy needs consumed decreased by 0.394 ± 0.153 (p = 0.011). In the low SS condition, sugar intake increased by 0.621 ± 0.240 g for each increase in resilience score (p = 0.011). After correction for multiple comparisons, the aforementioned interactions, but not simple slopes, were statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra M. Lee
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.M.L.); (D.M.); (T.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Darci Miller
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.M.L.); (D.M.); (T.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Tianyao Huo
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.M.L.); (D.M.); (T.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Jon K. Maner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Michelle Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.M.L.); (D.M.); (T.H.); (M.C.)
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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17
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Cardel MI, Pavela G, Janicke D, Huo T, Miller D, Lee AM, Gurka MJ, Dhurandhar E, Peters JC, Caldwell AE, Krause E, Fernandez A, Allison DB. Experimentally Manipulated Low Social Status and Food Insecurity Alter Eating Behavior Among Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:2010-2019. [PMID: 33150744 PMCID: PMC7653825 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized trial experimentally manipulated social status to assess effects on acute eating behavior and 24-hour energy balance. METHODS Participants (n = 133 Hispanics; age 15-21 years; 60.2% females) were randomized to low social status ("LOW") or high social status ("HIGH") conditions in a rigged game of Monopoly (Hasbro, Inc.). Acute energy intake in a lunchtime meal was measured by food scales. Twenty-four-hour energy balance was assessed via summation of resting metabolic rate (metabolic cart), physical activity energy expenditure (accelerometer), thermic effect of food, and subtraction of twenty-four-hour energy intake (food diary). RESULTS In the total sample, no significant differences were observed by study condition at lunchtime. LOW females consumed a greater percent of lunchtime daily energy needs (37.5%) relative to HIGH females (34.3%); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.291). In males, however, LOW consumed significantly less (36.5%) of their daily energy needs relative to HIGH males (45.8%; P = 0.001). For 24-hour energy balance, sex differences were nearly significant (P = 0.057; LOW females: surplus +200 kcal; HIGH males: surplus +445 kcal). Food-insecure individuals consumed a nearly significant greater lunchtime percent daily energy than those with food security (40.7% vs. 36.3%; P = 0.0797). CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate differential acute and 24-hour eating behavior responses between Hispanic male and female adolescents in experimentally manipulated conditions of low social status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle I. Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100177, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Greg Pavela
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 227K Ryals Public Health Building, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - David Janicke
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, PO Box 100165, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Tianyao Huo
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100177, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Darci Miller
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100177, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Alexandra M. Lee
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100177, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Matthew J. Gurka
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100177, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Emily Dhurandhar
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Box 43011, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX, 79409
| | - John C. Peters
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, PO Box 6511-MS 8106, 12801 East 17 Ave, RC1 South RM 7103, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Ann E. Caldwell
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, PO Box 6511-MS 8106, 12801 East 17 Ave, RC1 South RM 7103, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Eric Krause
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, PO Box 100487, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Alicia Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, Rm. 1307, UCSF Box 1364, San Francisco, CA, 94110
| | - David B. Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, 1025 East 7 Street, Suite 111, Bloomington, IN, 47405
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18
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Pourmotabbed A, Moosavian SP, Hadi A, Mohammadi H, Dadfarma A, Rezaei S, Babaei A, Moradi S, Mirzaei K. The Relationship between Food Insecurity and Risk of Overweight or Obesity in under 18 Years Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:158. [PMID: 33312467 PMCID: PMC7716614 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_463_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food insecurit (FI) has been considered as reason for childhood and adolescent overweight/obesity (OW/OB). Hence, this study was undertaken to assess these relationships. DESIGN Related articles were found by searching the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Embase databases until October 2019. Odds ratio (OR) was analized by a random-effects model. Standard methods were used for assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias. Data were available from 32 studies. The risk ratios of 139,762 participants were pooled from these articles for the meta-analysis. RESULTS This study domenstrated that children and adolescents in food-insecure condition are not at risk of OW/OB (OR = 1.02 95% CI: 0.99, 1.05). However, subgroup analysis indicated that FI related with inhanced risk of OW/OB in adolescents living in developed countries (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.27). Other subgroup analysis indicated that severe FI increased the risk of OW/OB among adolescents (OR = 1.24 95% CI: 1.03-1.49). In addition, we found that lower economic development significantly decreased risk of OW/OB among under 6 year children (OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.93). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that higher FI degrees were related with more risks of OW/OB among adolescents (12-18 years). Moreover, the country economic levels had effect on the association between FI and risk of OW/OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pourmotabbed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Dadfarma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Babaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khadijah Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Lim EX, Forde CG, Cheon BK. Low subjective socioeconomic status alters taste-based perceptual sensitivity to the energy density of beverages. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112989. [PMID: 32502527 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased consumption of energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages. Recent findings suggest that the mere perception of having lower subjective SES (SSES) compared to others was sufficient to elicit heightened preferences and consumption of higher energy foods and meals. This increased drive for energy intake associated with low SSES may be accompanied by heightened perceptual sensitivity to the presence of energy in foods, which may aid discrimination and selection of energy-dense foods. The present study tested this prediction by investigating whether acute experiences of low SSES may produce subsequent shifts in perceptual sensitivity to the energy density of beverages. Participants performed two taste tests on 6 iced tea beverages that varied in energy density prior to (at baseline) and after an experimental SSES manipulation. There were no differences in general frequency of ice tea consumption across the SSES conditions. Results revealed that participants were better at perceiving beverages that were higher in energy to be more energy dense following the low SSES manipulation (compared to baseline evaluations). By contrast, participants in the high SSES and neutral control conditions exhibited no overall consistent change in sensitivity to perceived energy density across the beverages following the manipulation. Additionally, no effects of SSES manipulation were observed for rated palatability of the beverages. These findings demonstrate that subjective experiences of having inadequate socioeconomic resources may produce taste-based perceptual shifts that increase sensitivity to the presence of energy in foods, potentially through heightened attentiveness to or expectations of sensory characteristics that signal energy (i.e., sweetness, texture). Such perceptual shifts may have been adaptive for facilitating the discrimination and selection of energy-dense foods in the face of resource insecurity. Importantly, this study suggests that merely perceiving a socioeconomic disadvantage may enhance identification and consumption of energy-dense foods and beverages, which may represent a psychosocial process that contributes to socioeconomic disparities in consumption of energy dense foods, and may be operational via heightened perceptual sensitivity to sensory cues associated with the presence of energy in the consumed food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth X Lim
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Address: 14 Medical Drive, S(117599)
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Address: 14 Medical Drive, S(117599); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bobby K Cheon
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Address: 14 Medical Drive, S(117599); School Social Sciences (Psychology), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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20
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Esposito L, Villaseñor A, Rodríguez EC, Millett C. The economic gradient of obesity in Mexico: Independent predictive roles of absolute and relative wealth by gender. Soc Sci Med 2020; 250:112870. [PMID: 32146237 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the vast literature on the economic gradient of obesity, no study investigates the independent predictive roles of absolute and relative standards of living using a large nationally representative adult sample. This gap limits our ability to discern 'material' and 'psychosocial' pathways to obesity as well as our understanding of the role played by economic inequality in the growing obesity epidemic. Using a large and nationally representative Mexican dataset, we find that absolute wealth and relative deprivation are independently related to obesity, and that such relationships are patterned by sex. Absolute wealth predicts body mass index as well as abdominal obesity according to an inverted-U shape for both sexes, and more markedly so for females. Relative deprivation predicts higher body mass index for females and higher waist circumference for both sexes, with highly relatively deprived females being 24.29% (95% CI [24.26, 24.31]) more likely to be obese and 34.46% (95% CI [34.40,34.53]) more likely to be abdominal obese, and highly relatively deprived males being 14.91% (95% CI [14.88,14.93] more likely to be abdominal obese. Our results offer a new perspective on the economic gradient of obesity and highlight the potential impact of economic inequality, especially for women. Greater awareness of the independent and sex-specific roles of the absolute and relative facets of economic status is needed to better understand and address the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Esposito
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR47TJ, Norwich, UK.
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21
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MacCormack JK, Muscatell KA. The metabolic mind: A role for leptin and ghrelin in affect and social cognition. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Godsell S, Randle M, Bateson M, Nettle D. Food Insecurity Moderates the Acute Effect of Subjective Socioeconomic Status on Food Consumption. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1886. [PMID: 31474915 PMCID: PMC6702391 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimentally inducing low subjective socioeconomic status (SSES) increases food consumption in standardized eating opportunities. Separately, food insecurity (FI) has also been shown to be associated with increased food consumption when a free eating opportunity is provided. Here, we assigned 123 adult volunteers to a low-SSES manipulation or a control condition, followed by an opportunity to consume snack foods. We measured FI prior to the experiment. Thus, our experiment served to replicate the effects of SSES and of FI on consumption, and also to establish whether these effects combine additively or interactively. The low-SSES manipulation increased food consumption, but only among participants who were food secure at baseline. Among food-insecure participants, the effect was reversed. This interaction was not predicted a priori and is presented as an exploratory finding. We also found evidence that both SSES and FI affected the hedonic evaluation of the snack foods, though the changes in evaluation did not mediate the changes in consumption. Our findings suggest that both FI and low SSES affect the consumption and evaluation of food. Their combined effects on consumption may be complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Godsell
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Randle
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Bateson
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Nettle
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Cheon B, Sim A, Lee L, Forde C. Avoiding hunger or attaining fullness? Implicit goals of satiety guide portion selection and food intake patterns. Appetite 2019; 138:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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24
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Claassen MA, Klein O, Bratanova B, Claes N, Corneille O. A systematic review of psychosocial explanations for the relationship between socioeconomic status and body mass index. Appetite 2019; 132:208-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Lee AM, Cardel MI. Social Status and Adolescent Physical Activity: Expanding the Insurance Hypothesis to Incorporate Energy Expenditure. Am J Lifestyle Med 2018; 13:156-160. [PMID: 30800021 DOI: 10.1177/1559827618815449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low social status (SS) is a determinant of poor health status and is associated with increased disease burden. Obesity affects 20.6% of American adolescents, most of whom are from low-SS families. Contributors to the development of obesity among adolescents include sedentary behavior and low levels of physical activity. Environmental determinants-infrastructure, policy, and social relationships-influence engagement in physical activity and are affected by SS. Significant declines in physical activity have been documented during adolescence, and adolescents of low SS engage in significantly less physical activity per week than those with high SS. This article briefly reviews the literature on the relationship between SS and physical activity in adolescents and introduces a proposed biological mechanism that may explain that relationship. Characterizing the effects that SS can have on physical activity may help tailor clinical interventions and public health campaigns seeking to improve adolescent physical activity and weight management, thus increasing their effectiveness. This may be particularly beneficial for underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Lee
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle I Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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26
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Boswell N, Byrne R, Davies PSW. Aetiology of eating behaviours: A possible mechanism to understand obesity development in early childhood. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:438-448. [PMID: 30391377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is an issue of public health concern that is understood to emerge due to disequilibrium in energy homeostasis. This commentary explores literature regarding neuro-biological mechanisms of energy homeostasis and the relationship between subjective measures of children's eating behaviours and objective measures of appetite, in order to better understand the aetiology of childhood obesity. Early life influences, such as in utero exposure, breastfeeding, and general disadvantage, appear to have an important influence on neuro-biological mechanisms of appetite and may contribute to inequitable distributions of obesity within the population. Subject measures of eating behaviours appear to capture various aspects of neuro-biologically driven (objective) appetite systems, however, these systems are complex, interdependent and not yet fully understood. Future research focusing attention on early life influences on appetite and eating behaviours is warranted to increase understanding of differences in rates of obesity within the population, to determine opportunities for targeted obesity prevention initiatives, and to explore the potential to measure change in eating behaviours as a marker of appetite and obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Boswell
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Byrne
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD, Australia.
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27
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The role of perceived stress and gender on portion selection patterns. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:205-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Moradi S, Mirzababaei A, Dadfarma A, Rezaei S, Mohammadi H, Jannat B, Mirzaei K. Food insecurity and adult weight abnormality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:45-61. [PMID: 30219965 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research into the relationship between food insecurity and weight abnormality has yielded varied and contradictory results. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to examine the association between food insecurity and weight abnormality in adults. METHODS Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed and Scopus databases, up to February 2018. Data were available from 31 studies. These studies were conducted in 14 different countries. The odds ratio of 115,993 individuals in these studies was pooled for the meta-analysis. RESULTS The present meta-analysis showed that adults in food-insecure households are more at risk of obesity (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.23). Subgroup analysis by gender also revealed that women had a higher risk of obesity compared to men in food-insecure households (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.46). Furthermore, subgroup analysis by food insecurity level implied that a severe level of household food insecurity may be associated with a higher risk of underweight (49%) than overweight (37%) or obesity (29%) among adults. In addition, subgroup analysis revealed that with lower levels of national economic development, the risk of weight abnormality shifted from obesity to underweight. CONCLUSION It seems that adults in food-insecure households, especially women, are at higher risk of obesity. The weight abnormality risk may increase with the intensification of the level of food insecurity. Also, the level of economic development is an important factor in the effects of food insecurity on weight status. However, due to the high heterogeneity among studies, the results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Moradi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Dadfarma
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Rezaei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Students Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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Cheon B, Lim E, McCrickerd K, Zaihan D, Forde C. Subjective socioeconomic status modulates perceptual discrimination between beverages with different energy densities. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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30
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Brunstrom JM, Cheon BK. Do humans still forage in an obesogenic environment? Mechanisms and implications for weight maintenance. Physiol Behav 2018; 193:261-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Cheon BK. The diversity of cultural diversity: Psychological consequences of different patterns of intercultural contact and mixing. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bobby K. Cheon
- Division of Psychology School of Social Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
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