Knowledge exchange in public health

COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH IN CORRECTIONAL WORK WITH OLDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH SPEECH DISORDERS

OBJECTIVE

The aim: To investigate the effectiveness of comprehensive approach in correctional work with older preschool children with speech disorders.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: The research was conducted in 2018-2022. The research involved 250 children aged 5-7 years, who were divided into two groups. The experimental group consisted of 150 children with motor alalia (57 girls and 93 boys). The control group consisted of 100 children without speech disorders (48 girls and 52 boys).

RESULTS

Results: The analysis of outpatient cards of children with speech disorders of various aetiology was carried out. The main results of a comprehensive medical as well as psychological and pedagogical examination of children with motor alalia are highlighted. The result of the research revealed that organic lesion of the brain affects not only the clinical presentation of nonverbal symptoms, but also psychospeech development, in particular.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: The expediency of using a comprehensive diagnostic methodology was proved, where the medical component consisted in studying the peculiarities of bioelectrical activity of the brain on electroencephalography, which reflects the process of its morphological maturation in ontogenesis.

Obesity in primary care: a qualitative synthesis of patient and practitioner perspectives on roles and responsibilities

BACKGROUND

Obesity is a top-priority global health issue; however, a clear way to address obesity in primary care is not yet in view.

AIM

To conduct a meta-ethnography of patient and primary care practitioner perspectives of roles and responsibilities in how to address obesity in the UK, to inform evidence-based services that are acceptable to, and appropriate for, patients and practitioners.

DESIGN AND SETTING

Qualitative synthesis applying meta-ethnographic methods according to the Noblit and Hare monograph. Database searches in MEDLINE(®), Social Sciences Citation Index(®), CINAHL, and Health Management Information Consortium were limited to 1997-2012 to examine recent perspectives.

METHOD

Full articles of practitioner and/or patient perspectives on obesity services in primary care were reviewed, and included semi-structured or unstructured interviews and focus groups, and participant observations.

RESULTS

Nine studies were synthesised with perspectives from patients (n = 105) and practitioners (n = 144). Practitioners believe that patients are responsible for obesity, and that primary care should not help, or is poorly equipped to do so. Patients 'take responsibility' by 'blaming' themselves, but feel that practitioners should demonstrate more leadership. The empowerment of patients to access health services is reliant on the empowerment of practitioners to take an unambiguous position.

CONCLUSION

Primary care has the potential either to perpetuate or counter obesity-related stigma. There needs to be a firm decision as to what role primary care will take in the prevention and treatment of obesity. To remain ambiguous runs the risk of losing patients' confidence and adding to a growing sense of futility.