1
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Mukwada G, Skorska M, Rowshanfarzad P, Ebert MA. Comparison of the accuracy of Monte Carlo and Ray Tracing dose calculation algorithms for multiple target brain treatments on CyberKnife. Phys Eng Sci Med 2023; 46:1477-1487. [PMID: 37552365 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Single plan multiple brain targets (MBT) stereotactic radiosurgery dose difference between Monte Carlo (MC) and Ray Tracing (RT) algorithms has not been studied. A retrospective study and dose measurements were performed to access factors influencing dose differences. Fifty-three RT treatment plans with a total of 209 brain metastases were extracted from Precision Treatment Planning System (TPS). These plans were generated using fixed cones and were delivered using the CyberKnife M6 system. The same treatment plans were recalculated using MC algorithm and keeping the beam parameters unchanged. MC calculated plan parameters were extracted and dose differences were normalised to MC calculated dose. Correlations were investigated. RT and MC calculated off-centre-ratio (OCR) and tissue-phantom-ratio (TPRs) were exported from the TPS and compared with measured. Plans with 5 gross tumour volumes (GTVs) were created on a phantom and dose measured using a CC04 ionisation chamber and microdiamond detector for comparison with calculated doses. Calculated and measured TPR agreed within ± 1% beyond depth of maximum dose. The OCR showed differences up to 4.3% in the penumbra and out-of-field (OOF) regions. Largest RT and MC calculated GTV mean dose difference was - 5.7%. An increase in the number of GTVs and reduction in the geometric separation of metastases were associated with increased differences between RT and MC calculated doses. In conclusion, calculated dose disagreement in MBT depends on the number of GTVs per plan, number of GTVs within a certain separation distance and plan complexity. MC dose calculation is recommended for complex CyberKnife SRS of MBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Mukwada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
| | - Malgorzata Skorska
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Pejman Rowshanfarzad
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Martin A Ebert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- 5D Clinics, Claremont, WA, Australia
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2
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Oancea C, Solc J, Bourgouin A, Granja C, Jakubek J, Pivec J, Riemer F, Vykydal Z, Worm S, Marek L. Thermal neutron detection and track recognition method in reference and out-of-field radiotherapy FLASH electron fields using Timepix3 detectors. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:185017. [PMID: 37607560 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acf2e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective.This work presents a method for enhanced detection, imaging, and measurement of the thermal neutron flux.Approach. Measurements were performed in a water tank, while the detector is positioned out-of-field of a 20 MeV ultra-high pulse dose rate electron beam. A semiconductor pixel detector Timepix3 with a silicon sensor partially covered by a6LiF neutron converter was used to measure the flux, spatial, and time characteristics of the neutron field. To provide absolute measurements of thermal neutron flux, the detection efficiency calibration of the detectors was performed in a reference thermal neutron field. Neutron signals are recognized and discriminated against other particles such as gamma rays and x-rays. This is achieved by the resolving power of the pixel detector using machine learning algorithms and high-resolution pattern recognition analysis of the high-energy tracks created by thermal neutron interactions in the converter.Main results. The resulting thermal neutrons equivalent dose was obtained using conversion factor (2.13(10) pSv·cm2) from thermal neutron fluence to thermal neutron equivalent dose obtained by Monte Carlo simulations. The calibrated detectors were used to characterize scattered radiation created by electron beams. The results at 12.0 cm depth in the beam axis inside of the water for a delivered dose per pulse of 1.85 Gy (pulse length of 2.4μs) at the reference depth, showed a contribution of flux of 4.07(8) × 103particles·cm-2·s-1and equivalent dose of 1.73(3) nSv per pulse, which is lower by ∼9 orders of magnitude than the delivered dose.Significance. The presented methodology for in-water measurements and identification of characteristic thermal neutrons tracks serves for the selective quantification of equivalent dose made by thermal neutrons in out-of-field particle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Oancea
- ADVACAM, U Pergamenky 12, 170 00 Prague 7, Czech Republic
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jaroslav Solc
- Czech Metrology Institute, Okruzni 31, 638 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Bourgouin
- Dosimetry for Radiation Therapy and Diagnostic Radiology, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, 38116, Germany
| | - Carlos Granja
- ADVACAM, U Pergamenky 12, 170 00 Prague 7, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Jakubek
- ADVACAM, U Pergamenky 12, 170 00 Prague 7, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Pivec
- ADVACAM, U Pergamenky 12, 170 00 Prague 7, Czech Republic
| | - Felix Riemer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - Zdenek Vykydal
- Czech Metrology Institute, Okruzni 31, 638 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Steven Worm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - Lukas Marek
- ADVACAM, U Pergamenky 12, 170 00 Prague 7, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Benzazon N, Colnot J, de Kermenguy F, Achkar S, de Vathaire F, Deutsch E, Robert C, Diallo I. Analytical models for external photon beam radiotherapy out-of-field dose calculation: a scoping review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1197079. [PMID: 37228501 PMCID: PMC10203488 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1197079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of scientific evidence indicates that exposure to low dose ionizing radiation (< 2 Gy) is associated with a higher risk of developing radio-induced cancer. Additionally, it has been shown to have significant impacts on both innate and adaptive immune responses. As a result, the evaluation of the low doses inevitably delivered outside the treatment fields (out-of-field dose) in photon radiotherapy is a topic that is regaining interest at a pivotal moment in radiotherapy. In this work, we proposed a scoping review in order to identify evidence of strengths and limitations of available analytical models for out-of-field dose calculation in external photon beam radiotherapy for the purpose of implementation in clinical routine. Papers published between 1988 and 2022 proposing a novel analytical model that estimated at least one component of the out-of-field dose for photon external radiotherapy were included. Models focusing on electrons, protons and Monte-Carlo methods were excluded. The methodological quality and potential limitations of each model were analyzed to assess their generalizability. Twenty-one published papers were selected for analysis, of which 14 proposed multi-compartment models, demonstrating that research efforts are directed towards an increasingly detailed description of the underlying physical phenomena. Our synthesis revealed great inhomogeneities in practices, in particular in the acquisition of experimental data and the standardization of measurements, in the choice of metrics used for the evaluation of model performance and even in the definition of regions considered out-of-the-field, which makes quantitative comparisons impossible. We therefore propose to clarify some key concepts. The analytical methods do not seem to be easily suitable for massive use in clinical routine, due to the inevitable cumbersome nature of their implementation. Currently, there is no consensus on a mathematical formalism that comprehensively describes the out-of-field dose in external photon radiotherapy, partly due to the complex interactions between a large number of influencing factors. Out-of-field dose calculation models based on neural networks could be promising tools to overcome these limitations and thus favor a transfer to the clinic, but the lack of sufficiently large and heterogeneous data sets is the main obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Benzazon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1030 Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, ImmunoRadAI, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Julie Colnot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1030 Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, ImmunoRadAI, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- THERYQ, PMB-Alcen, Peynier, France
| | - François de Kermenguy
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1030 Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, ImmunoRadAI, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Samir Achkar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1018 Centre de Recherche en épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Radiation Epidemiology Team, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1030 Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, ImmunoRadAI, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Charlotte Robert
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1030 Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, ImmunoRadAI, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Ibrahima Diallo
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1030 Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, ImmunoRadAI, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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4
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Sánchez-Nieto B, López-Martínez IN, Rodríguez-Mongua JL, Espinoza I. A simple analytical model for a fast 3D assessment of peripheral photon dose during coplanar isocentric photon radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:872752. [PMID: 36276161 PMCID: PMC9583866 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.872752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering that cancer survival rates have been growing and that nearly two-thirds of those survivors were exposed to clinical radiation during its treatment, the study of long-term radiation effects, especially secondary cancer induction, has become increasingly important. To correctly assess this risk, knowing the dose to out-of-field organs is essential. As it has been reported, commercial treatment planning systems do not accurately calculate the dose far away from the border of the field; analytical dose estimation models may help this purpose. In this work, the development and validation of a new three-dimensional (3D) analytical model to assess the photon peripheral dose during radiotherapy is presented. It needs only two treatment-specific input parameter values, plus information about the linac-specific leakage, when available. It is easy to use and generates 3D whole-body dose distributions and, particularly, the dose to out-of-field organs (as dose–volume histograms) outside the 5% isodose for any isocentric treatment using coplanar beams [including intensity modulated radiotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)]. The model was configured with the corresponding Monte Carlo simulation of the peripheral absorbed dose for a 6 MV abdomen treatment on the International Comission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 110 computational phantom. It was then validated with experimental measurements using thermoluminescent dosimeters in the male ATOM anthropomorphic phantom irradiated with a VMAT treatment for prostate cancer. Additionally, its performance was challenged by applying it to a lung radiotherapy treatment very different from the one used for training. The model agreed well with measurements and simulated dose values. A graphical user interface was developed as a first step to making this work more approachable to a daily clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sánchez-Nieto
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Beatriz Sánchez-Nieto,
| | | | | | - Ignacio Espinoza
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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5
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Oflaz U, Sarpün İ, Özdoğan H. Investigation of level density and Gama strength function for photoneutron reaction in medical linacs in Beamline. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 186:110286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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A publicly available dataset of out-of-field dose profiles of a 6 MV linear accelerator. Phys Eng Sci Med 2022; 45:613-621. [PMID: 35553016 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-022-01131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An increase in radiotherapy-induced secondary malignancies has led to recent developments in analytical modelling of out-of-field dose. These models must be validated against measurements, but currently available datasets are outdated or limited in scope. This study aimed to address these shortcomings by producing a large dataset of out-of-field dose profiles measured with modern equipment. A novel method was developed with the intention of allowing physicists in all clinics to perform these measurements themselves using commonly available dosimetry equipment. A standard 3D scanning water tank was used to collect 36 extended profiles. Each profile was measured in two sections, with the inner section measured with the beam directly incident on the tank, and the outer section with the beam incident on a water-equivalent phantom abutted next to the tank. The two sections were then stitched using a novel feature-matching approach. The profiles were compared against linac commissioning data and manually inspected for discontinuities in the overlap region. The dataset is presented as a publicly accessible comma separated variable file containing off-axis ratios at a range of off-axis distances. This dataset may be applied to the development and validation of analytical models of out-of-field dose. Additionally, it may be used to inform dose estimates to radiosensitive implants and anatomy. Physicists are encouraged to perform these out-of-field measurements in their own clinics and share their results with the community.
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7
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Wochnik A, Stolarczyk L, Ambrožová I, Davídková M, De Saint-Hubert M, Domański S, Domingo C, Knežević Ž, Kopeć R, Kuć M, Majer M, Mojżeszek N, Mares V, Martínez-Rovira I, Caballero-Pacheco MÁ, Pyszka E, Swakoń J, Trinkl S, Tisi M, Harrison R, Olko P. Out-of-field doses for scanning proton radiotherapy of shallowly located paediatric tumours-a comparison of range shifter and 3D printed compensator. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:035012. [PMID: 33202399 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abcb1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The lowest possible energy of proton scanning beam in cyclotron proton therapy facilities is typically between 60 and 100 MeV. Treatment of superficial lesions requires a pre-absorber to deliver doses to shallower volumes. In most of the cases a range shifter (RS) is used, but as an alternative solution, a patient-specific 3D printed proton beam compensator (BC) can be applied. A BC enables further reduction of the air gap and consequently reduction of beam scattering. Such pre-absorbers are additional sources of secondary radiation. The aim of this work was the comparison of RS and BC with respect to out-of-field doses for a simulated treatment of superficial paediatric brain tumours. EURADOS WG9 performed comparative measurements of scattered radiation in the Proteus C-235 IBA facility (Cyclotron Centre Bronowice at the Institute of Nuclear Physics, CCB IFJ PAN, Kraków, Poland) using two anthropomorphic phantoms-5 and 10 yr old-for a superficial target in the brain. Both active detectors located inside the therapy room, and passive detectors placed inside the phantoms were used. Measurements were supplemented by Monte Carlo simulation of the radiation transport. For the applied 3D printed pre-absorbers, out-of-field doses from both secondary photons and neutrons were lower than for RS. Measurements with active environmental dosimeters at five positions inside the therapy room indicated that the RS/BC ratio of the out-of-field dose was also higher than one, with a maximum of 1.7. Photon dose inside phantoms leads to higher out-of-field doses for RS than BC to almost all organs with the highest RS/BC ratio 12.5 and 13.2 for breasts for 5 and 10 yr old phantoms, respectively. For organs closest to the isocentre such as the thyroid, neutron doses were lower for BC than RS due to neutrons moderation in the target volume, but for more distant organs like bladder-conversely-lower doses for RS than BC were observed. The use of 3D printed BC as the pre-absorber placed in the near vicinity of patient in the treatment of superficial tumours does not result in the increase of secondary radiation compared to the treatment with RS, placed far from the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wochnik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - L Stolarczyk
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow 31-342, Poland.,Skandionkliniken, von Kraemers Allé 26, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden.,Dansk Center for Partikelterapi, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 25, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - I Ambrožová
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague CZ-250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - M Davídková
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague CZ-250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - M De Saint-Hubert
- Belgium Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol BE-2400, Belgium
| | - S Domański
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk 05-400, Poland
| | - C Domingo
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
| | - Ž Knežević
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - R Kopeć
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - M Kuć
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk 05-400, Poland
| | - M Majer
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - N Mojżeszek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - V Mares
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - I Martínez-Rovira
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
| | - M Á Caballero-Pacheco
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
| | - E Pyszka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - J Swakoń
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - S Trinkl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - M Tisi
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - R Harrison
- University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - P Olko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow 31-342, Poland
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8
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Assessment of out-of-field doses in radiotherapy treatments of paediatric patients using Monte Carlo methods and measurements. Phys Med 2020; 71:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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9
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Ben Bouchta Y, Goddard K, Petric MP, Bergman AM. Effects of 10 MV and Flattening-Filter-Free Beams on Peripheral Dose in a Cohort of Pediatric Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:1560-1568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Duhaini I, Hodroj N, Farhat F, Ayoubi S, Maarouf A, Korek M. Organ at risk dose measurements following radiotherapy treatment for breast cancer patients. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-018-0254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Rühm W, Bottollier-Depois JF, Gilvin P, Harrison R, Knežević Ž, Lopez MA, Tanner R, Vargas A, Woda C. The work programme of EURADOS on internal and external dosimetry. Ann ICRP 2018; 47:20-34. [PMID: 29664324 DOI: 10.1177/0146645318756224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 1980s, the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) has been maintaining a network of institutions interested in the dosimetry of ionising radiation. As of 2017, this network includes more than 70 institutions (research centres, dosimetry services, university institutes, etc.), and the EURADOS database lists more than 500 scientists who contribute to the EURADOS mission, which is to promote research and technical development in dosimetry and its implementation into practice, and to contribute to harmonisation of dosimetry in Europe and its conformance with international practices. The EURADOS working programme is organised into eight working groups dealing with environmental, computational, internal, and retrospective dosimetry; dosimetry in medical imaging; dosimetry in radiotherapy; dosimetry in high-energy radiation fields; and harmonisation of individual monitoring. Results are published as freely available EURADOS reports and in the peer-reviewed scientific literature. Moreover, EURADOS organises winter schools and training courses on various aspects relevant for radiation dosimetry, and formulates the strategic research needs in dosimetry important for Europe. This paper gives an overview on the most important EURADOS activities. More details can be found at www.eurados.org .
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rühm
- a Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute for Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - M A Lopez
- f Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Spain
| | | | - A Vargas
- g Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
| | - C Woda
- a Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute for Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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12
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Majer M, Stolarczyk L, De Saint-Hubert M, Kabat D, Kneževic Ž, Miljanic S, Mojzeszek N, Harrison R. OUT-OF-FIELD DOSE MEASUREMENTS FOR 3D CONFORMAL AND INTENSITY MODULATED RADIOTHERAPY OF A PAEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOUR. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 176:331-340. [PMID: 28338841 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncx015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to measure out-of-field organ doses in clinical conditions in anthropomorphic paediatric phantoms which received a simulated treatment of a brain tumour with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT). Organ doses measured with radiophotoluminescent and thermoluminescent dosemeters were on average 1.6 and 3.0 times higher for the 5 y-old than for the 10 y-old phantom for IMRT and 3D CRT, respectively. A larger 5-y to 10-y organ dose ratio for 3D CRT can be explained because the use of a mechanical wedge for the 5-y-old 3D CRT phantom treatment increased out-of-field doses. Due to different configurations of the radiation fields, for both phantoms, the IMRT technique resulted in a higher non-target brain dose and higher eye doses but lower thyroid doses compared to 3D CRT. For 3D CRT (which used a non-coplanar field configuration), eye doses were 3-6% and for IMRT (which used a coplanar field configuration) 27-30% of the treatment dose, respectively. For thyroid and more distant organs, doses were less than 1% of the treatment dose. Comparison of measured doses and doses calculated by the treatment planning system (TPS) showed that the TPS underestimated out-of-field doses both for IMRT and 3D CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Majer
- Ruder Boškovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Liliana Stolarczyk
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Damian Kabat
- Centre of Oncology M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Krakow, Poland
| | - Željka Kneževic
- Ruder Boškovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saveta Miljanic
- Ruder Boškovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natalia Mojzeszek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Roger Harrison
- University of Newcastle, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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13
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Arbor N, Higueret S, Elazhar H, Combe R, Meyer P, Dehaynin N, Taupin F, Husson D. Real-time detection of fast and thermal neutrons in radiotherapy with CMOS sensors. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:1920-1934. [PMID: 28192285 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa5bc9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral dose distribution is a growing concern for the improvement of new external radiation modalities. Secondary particles, especially photo-neutrons produced by the accelerator, irradiate the patient more than tens of centimeters away from the tumor volume. However the out-of-field dose is still not estimated accurately by the treatment planning softwares. This study demonstrates the possibility of using a specially designed CMOS sensor for fast and thermal neutron monitoring in radiotherapy. The 14 microns-thick sensitive layer and the integrated electronic chain of the CMOS are particularly suitable for real-time measurements in γ/n mixed fields. An experimental field size dependency of the fast neutron production rate, supported by Monte Carlo simulations and CR-39 data, has been observed. This dependency points out the potential benefits of a real-time monitoring of fast and thermal neutron during beam intensity modulated radiation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Arbor
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg, France. CNRS, UMR7178, 67037 Strasbourg, France
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14
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Konefał A, Orlef A, Bieniasiewicz M. Measurements of neutron radiation and induced radioactivity for the new medical linear accelerator, the Varian TrueBeam. RADIAT MEAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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da Costa EC, da Rosa LAR, Batista DVS. Fetus absorbed dose evaluation in head and neck radiotherapy procedures of pregnant patients. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 100:11-5. [PMID: 25620113 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work the head and neck cancer treatment of a pregnant patient was experimentally simulated. A female anthropomorphic Alderson phantom was used and the absorbed dose to the fetus was evaluated protecting the patient's abdomen with a 7cm lead layer and using no abdomen shielding. The target volume dose was 50Gy. The fetus doses evaluated with and without the lead shielding were, respectively, 0.52±0.039 and 0.88±0.052cGy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etieli C da Costa
- Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, CEP 22783-127 Av. Salvador Allende, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio R da Rosa
- Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, CEP 22783-127 Av. Salvador Allende, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Delano Valdivino S Batista
- Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, CEP 22783-127 Av. Salvador Allende, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Câncer, CEP 20230-130 Praça da Cruz Vermelha 23, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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