Estudo epidemiológico das lesões no futebol profissional durante a Copa América de 2011, Argentina

INCREASED INCIDENCE OF INJURIES IN THE SÃO PAULO SOCCER CHAMPIONSHIP POST-PANDEMIC

OBJECTIVE

Soccer shows a high incidence of injuries and its cause is multifactorial. The impacts of the coronavirus pandemic are unknown. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of injuries in the 2023 Campeonato Paulista de Futebol (São Paulo Soccer Championship) and compare it to the championships prior to the pandemic.

METHODS

This study was conducted by collecting data on injuries among players in the A1 Series of the 2023 São Paulo Soccer Championship. Injuries were recorded by each team's medical staff via an online questionnaire. The variables included: Type of Field, Weather, Temperature, Distance, Home Advantage, Age, Type and Location of Injury. The primary outcome is to evaluate the incidence of injuries, and the secondary outcomes are to analyze the relationship between the described variables, the observed incidence, and the comparison of data obtained from 2016 to 2019.

RESULTS

In 2023, 76 injuries were recorded, an incidence of 22.1 injuries/1,000h. Muscle injuries (46.1%) and sprains (18.4%) were the most common. From 2016 to 2019, there was a decrease in the incidence of injuries per 1,000h, respectively: 24.2; 17.6; 14 and 10.5.

CONCLUSION

the incidence in 2023 was 22.1 injuries/1,000h, which points to an increase compared to the pre-pandemic period. Level of Evidence II, Comparative Prospective Study.

INJURIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE 2021 PAULISTA SOCCER CHAMPIONSHIP IN BRAZIL

OBJECTIVE

To assess the incidence and characteristics of injuries that occurred during the 2021 season of the Paulista Soccer Championship during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and to compare these characteristics before and after the championship interruption.

METHODS

A prospective study was conducted using an electronic form developed by the Medical Committee of the Paulista Soccer Federation. The results were sent by the team physicians of Series A1 after each round of the Paulista Soccer Championship.

RESULTS

Series A1 presented 7.2 injuries per 1,000h of game time. Most injuries occurred within 31-45 min of the match, with muscle injuries being the most frequent and the lower limbs the most affected. Only 10% of injuries required surgery. The strikers were the most affected players and most injuries occurred in penalty-free movements. There was no statistical difference between pre- and post-interruption of the championship due to the pandemic.

CONCLUSION

The incidence of injuries per 1,000h was below the average reported in the literature. Most injuries occurred in the lower limbs; muscle sprains were the most common type of injury, followed by sprains and fractures. MRI was the most commonly requested examination; and most injuries were classified as moderate. Overall, 10% of the injuries were treated surgically. There was no difference between pre- and post-championship interruption. Level of evidence VI, Descriptive epidemiology study.

ORTHOPEDIC INJURIES IN MEN'S PROFESSIONAL SOCCER DURING THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE PANDEMIC

Objective

To assess the incidence and characteristics of injuries that occurred in the 2020 season of the Paulista Football Championship during the novel coronavirus disease pandemic.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study using an electronic questionnaire developed by the Medical Committee of the Paulista Football Federation. Results were sent to the team doctors of series A1 and A2 after each round of the Paulista Football Championship.

Results

Series A1 and A2 presented 12.17 and 15.6 injuries, respectively, per 1000 gaming hours. The strikers were the most affected, with muscle injuries being the most frequent and the lower limbs being the most affected. Most injuries occurred within 31-45 minutes of playing; only 4.5% of injuries required surgery.

Conclusion

There was no statistical difference in the comparison between pre- and post-pandemic conditions. In relation to the variables studied, the most injuries occurred in the lower limbs; the most common type of injury was muscle strain, followed by sprain and contusion. The most requested exam was MRI; most injuries were classified as moderate (8-28 days). There was no difference between pre- and post-pandemic conditions. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

The Influence of High Physical Demand on the Occurrence of Major Muscle and Ligament Injuries in Professional Soccer Athletes: A Systematic Review

Objective  The present systematic review aimed to investigate the influence of high physical demand on the increase in muscle and ligament injuries in professional soccer athletes. Methods  We analyzed scientific publications to determine the incidences of the main injuries, their causes and mechanisms, and their association with high physical demand. We compared amateur and professional players and assessed the effectiveness of FIFA11+ as a prevention alternative. Searches occurred on Scielo, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases. The filters were the topic, publication date (last 5 years), and study relevance. The indexing terms were the following: Overuse , Calendar , Injuries , Muscular , Ligament , Athletes , Soccer , Football . We described the main data obtained to compare and analyze the results. This study complied with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. Results  The query resulted in 24 articles published from 2019 to 2023. The high physical demand increased the risk of injuries. Most injuries occurred in the lower limbs. The most common injuries were strains, sprains, contractures, and ligament ruptures. FIFA11+ presented itself as a viable prevention alternative. Conclusion  We concluded that high physical demand increases the most frequent muscle and ligament injuries in professional soccer players, that is, strains, sprains, contractures, and ligament rupture, suggesting the FIFA11+ program as a prevention alternative.

The Effect of Muscle Fatigue on the Knee Proprioception: A Systematic Review

This study aimed to systematically review and summarise the evidence about the effect of muscle fatigue on the knee proprioception of trained and non-trained individuals. A search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EBSCO databases and Google Scholar was conducted using the expression: "fatigue" AND ("proprioception" OR "position sense" OR "repositioning" OR "kinesthesia" OR "detection of passive motion" OR "force sense" OR "sense of resistance") AND "knee". Forty-two studies were included. Regarding joint-position sense, higher repositioning errors were reported after local and general protocols. Kinesthesia seems to be more affected when fatigue is induced locally, and force sense when assessed at higher target forces and after eccentric protocols. Muscle fatigue, both induced locally or generally, has a negative impact on the knee proprioception.

LOW BACK PAIN ESTIMATES IN PROFESSIONAL SOCCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Objective

To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of low back pain (LBP) in adult professional soccer players.

Methods

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Results

The review included 44 studies. The pooled prevalence of LBP during ≤ 1 season was 1% (95%CI = 0-4%) in men. The pooled point prevalence of LBP was 25% (95%CI = 16-36%) in men and 28% (95%CI = 20-37%) in women. The pooled past-year prevalence of LBP was 34% (95%CI = 24-44%) in men. The pooled lifetime prevalence of LBP was 32% (95%CI = 25-39%) in men and 50% (95%CI = 32-69%) in women. The pooled frequency of LBP/total number of injuries was 2% (95%CI = 1-3%) in men and 4% (95%CI = 2-5%) in women. The pooled incidence rate of LBP/1,000 player-hours of exposure was 0.30 (95%CI = 0.17- 0.53) in men and 0.32 (95%CI = 0.06 -1.87) in women. The recurrence of LBP ranged from 3% to 63% in men. The intensity of LBP ranged from 1.68 (2.39) to 4.87 (2.14) points on a 0-10 scale (minimum = 0 and maximum = 8 points). The severity of LBP (days absent from professional activities due to pain) ranged from 2 (0) to 10 (19) days (minimum = 1 and maximum = 28 days).

Conclusion

Adult elite soccer players have a substantial prevalence of LBP. The frequency and incidence of LBP (compared with other conditions and sports) seems to be low. Estimates of the recurrence, intensity, and severity of LBP are uncertain. Level of Evidence II, Systematic Review of Level II Studies.

PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF INJURIES OCCURRED DURING BRAZILIAN FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP IN 2019

Objective:

To determine the incidence and risk factors for injuries that occurred during the matches of the Brazilian Football Championship.

Methods:

A prospective study was carried out with the collection of data referring to injuries that occurred during the 2019 Brazilian Football Championship. The injuries were recorded by the responsible physician of each team, through an online injury mapping system.

Results:

Among the 645 athletes who were included in the study, 214 (33.2%) of the players had at least one injury during the tournament. In total, 257 injuries were recorded during the Brazilian Championship, with an average of 0.68 injuries per game. 59.1% of the injured athletes were over 26 years old. The most common type of injury was muscle strain (37.7%) and forwards were the most affected (33.6%).

Conclusion:

Muscle injuries were the most frequent in the tournament, with the thigh muscles being the most affected. Most of the affected players were over 26 years old, there were 20.5 injuries for every 1000 hours of play and the incidence of injuries was approximately 33%, with attackers being the most affected (33.6%). Level of Evidence III, Study of nonconsecutive patients; without consistently applied reference “gold” standard.

INCIDENCE OF INJURIES IN SOCCER PLAYERS – MAPPINGFOOT: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although the positive effects of physical activity on global health are well documented, sports practice is associated with a greater risk of injury; in professional soccer in particular, the risk is substantial. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of injuries among male athletes competing in the regional soccer championship. The secondary objective was to determine the prevalence of injuries. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, level of evidence II, the incidence and prevalence of injuries were assessed using an adapted version of the UEFA Champions League Study questionnaire. Results: This study included 310 male athletes from ten teams, aged 26.53±4.75 years, height 180.93±6.49 cm, and weight 79.32±8.29 kg, with a 4-month follow-up. Ninety-two injuries were recorded, representing a prevalence of 29.68% injuries. The body part most frequently injured was the lower limbs (86.9%). The main types of injuries were muscle tear/strain (37.0%), sprain/ligament (19.6%), and other injuries (14.1%). The injuries were mainly caused during run/sprint (33.7%), kick (12.0%) and jumping/landing (6.5%). The incidences of injuries were 15.88±8.57, 2.04±1.09, and 3.65±1.50 injuries/1000h of exposure during matches, training, and matches/training, respectively. Time-loss over the season was between 1 and 50 days, and the severity of the injuries was as follows: light (25%), minor (22.8%), moderate (43.5%) and severe (8.7%). Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a higher incidence of injuries during matches compared to training, among male regional soccer championship players. The lower limbs are the body part most affected, with a higher prevalence of rupture/strain in the thigh region, during running/sprinting. Level of evidence II; Prospective Cohort Study .

Epidemiology of injuries in professional football: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological data of injuries in professional male football.

METHOD

Forty-four studies have reported the incidence of injuries in football. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trial quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement and Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Studies were combined in a pooled analysis using a Poisson random effects regression model.

RESULTS

The overall incidence of injuries in professional male football players was 8.1 injuries/1000 hours of exposure. Match injury incidence (36 injuries/1000 hours of exposure) was almost 10 times higher than training injury incidence rate (3.7 injuries/1000 hours of exposure). Lower extremity injuries had the highest incidence rates (6.8 injuries/1000 hours of exposure). The most common types of injuries were muscle/tendon (4.6 injuries/1000 hours of exposure), which were frequently associated with traumatic incidents. Minor injuries (1-3 days of time loss) were the most common. The incidence rate of injuries in the top 5 European professional leagues was not different to that of the professional leagues in other countries (6.8 vs 7.6 injuries/1000 hours of exposure, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Professional male football players have a substantial risk of sustaining injuries, especially during matches.

ORTHOPEDIC INJURIES IN MEN'S PROFESSIONAL SOCCER IN BRAZIL: PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF TWO CONSECUTIVE SEASONS 2017/2016

PURPOSE

The purpose is to compare the incidence and characteristics of injuries sustained in two consecutive seasons of the São Paulo State Football Championship.

METHODS

Prospective study performed using an electronic form previously developed by the Medical Committee of the São Paulo State Football Federation, sent to the physicians responsible for the tournament's series A1 and A2 teams, after each round.

RESULTS

17.63 injuries sustained per 1000 hours of matches in the A1 series and 14.91 injuries sustained per 1000 hours of matches in the A2 series. Incidence of injuries per 1000 hours of matches decreased from 24.16 to 17.63 in the A1 series (p<0.037) and from 19.10 to 14.01 in the A2 series (p<0.064). External defenders suffered most injuries, while muscular injuries were most common and lower limbs, the most affected areas. Most injuries occurred between 30 and 45 minutes of the match and only 11.9% of the injuries required surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

Prevalence and frequency of injuries decreased between seasons. Most injuries were sustained in the lower limbs; strains were the most common injuries, followed by strains and contusions; MRIs were the most frequently requested exams and most injuries were classified as moderate (8-28 days). Level of evidence III, Cross-Sectional Study.

PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF INJURIES OCURRED DURING A PROFESSIONAL SOCCER CHAMPIONSHIP IN 2016 IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

OBJECTIVE

To identify the incidence of injuries, their main characteristics, and the way they were managed throughout 2016 in two major series of a professional soccer championship in São Paulo, Brazil.

METHODS

This prospective study used an electronic questionnaire previously developed by the Medical Committee of the Paulista Soccer Federation which was sent to the team doctors after each match.

RESULTS

Two hundred and fifty-nine injuries occurred during 361 matches, and the incidence of injury per 1000 hours of game play was 21.32. Strikers were the most affected by injury; the most frequent diagnosis was muscle injury and the legs were predominantly affected. Most of the injuries occurred in the last 15 minutes of the first half and only 7.7% required surgical treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Muscle injuries were the most frequent, with most occurring in forwards and in the legs. Approximately half of the injuries occurred after contact and the vast majority was treated without surgery. MRI was the most requested exam and most injuries were classified as moderate (8 to 28 lost play days). Level of Evidence III, Study of Non Consecutive Patients; Without Consistently Applied Reference "Gold" Standard.

Sports injuries in soccer according to tactical position: a retrospective survey

Abstract Introduction: In soccer, the players’ positions have been associated with specific functional overload, which may cause sports injuries. Objective: To investigate the occurrence and characterize sport injuries according to soccer player position. Methods: 232 male soccer players (129 professionals and 103 amateurs) from different sport teams in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, were distributed in groups according to their soccer player position. Besides anthropometric characteristics, sports injuries were registered by using a referred morbidity survey. The occurrence of injuries was analyzed by means of the Goodman Test. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between different risk factors and the occurrence/-recurrence of sports injuries. Results: Forwards showed higher occurrence rates of sport injuries than other soccer position groups. Joint injuries in lower limbs constituted the most frequent registered cases. Muscle injuries in the back region were the most registered sports injuries among midfielders, while muscle damages in lower limbs were the primary injuries registered for other line positions. In the etiologic context, contact was the main cause of sports injuries in all groups. Most athletes (195) reported recurrence of sports injuries. Conclusion: The occurrence of sports injuries was higher among forwards. Traumatic joint and muscle injuries were the most prevalent registers in all line positions.