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Huang Y, Gu W, Qin Z, Jin Y. Bromuconazole exposure induces cardiac dysfunction by upregulating the expression LEF1. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173113. [PMID: 38735319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
With the wide application of bromuconazole (BRO), a kind of triazole fungicide, the environmental problems caused by BRO have been paid more and more attention. In this study, adult male zebrafish were exposed to environmental related concentration and the maximum non-lethal concentration for zebrafish larvae (0,50 ng/L and 7.5 mg/L) for 7 days, respectively. Zebrafish exposed to BRO exhibited a significant reduction in body length and an increase in fatness index, indicating adverse physiological changes. Notably, the exposed zebrafish showed enlarged heart ventricular volumes and thinner heart walls. Transcriptome analysis of heart samples showed that BRO exposure mainly affected pathways related to cardiac energy metabolism. In addition, the amount of ATP in the heart tissue was correspondingly reduced, and the expression levels of genes related to controlling ion balance and myosin synthesis in the heart were also altered. The study extended its findings to the rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2), where similar cardiotoxic effects including changes in transcription of genes related to energy metabolism and heart function were also observed, suggesting a potential universal mechanism of BRO-induced cardiotoxicity. In a doxorubicin (DOX) induced larval zebrafish heart failure model, the expression of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1(LEF1), a key gene in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, was significantly increased in larval zebrafish and adult fish heart tissues and cardiomyocytes, suggesting that LEF1 might play an important role in BRO-induced cardiotoxicity. Taken together, BRO exposure could interfere with cardiac function and metabolic capacity by abnormal activation the expression of LEF1. The study emphasized the urgent need for monitoring and regulating BRO due to its harmful effects on the hearts of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Weijie Gu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Xie Z, Chen T, Lu X, Zhao M, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhou H, Shen J, Guo J, Li Y. Proteomic biomarkers for noninvasive left atrial appendage thrombus prediction in patients with atrial fibrillation. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2024:S1885-5857(24)00150-6. [PMID: 38729344 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The CHA2DS2-VASc score, used to assess the risk of left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) formation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), has limited predictive value. Moreover, transesophageal echocardiography imaging, the gold standard diagnostic method to identify thrombi, is semi-invasive. Consequently, there is a need for alternative and noninvasive diagnostic methods for LAAT risk assessment. METHODS Deep proteomic analysis was conducted in plasma samples from 8 patients with nonvalvular AF, divided into thrombus and control groups (4 patients in each group) based on the presence or absence of LAAT. Biomarkers associated with LAAT were validated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a cohort of 179 patients with available clinical, transthoracic, and transesophageal echocardiography data. Predictive models were developed to assess the improvement in LAAT identification. RESULTS The LAAT group had higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores, larger LA diameter, and lower LAA flow velocities. Deep proteomic analysis identified 30 differentially expressed proteins, including myosin light chain 4, prenylcysteine oxidase 1 (PCYOX1), and decorin as potential diagnostic biomarkers of LAAT. The model showed that PCYOX1 and decorin provided an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.970 for LAAT prediction compared with 0.672 in a model including the CHA2DS2-VASc score and LAA cauliflower morphology. The incremental value of proteomic biomarkers for LAAT in patients with nonvalvular AF was further confirmed with the net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement indices. CONCLUSIONS Protein levels of PCYOX1 and decorin improve the predictive performance for LAAT in patients with nonvalvular AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhongHui Xie
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Outpatient Department, The 44th Sanatorium of Retired Cadres in Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - MaoXiang Zhao
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Chen
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - XinYan Wang
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Ye Y, Wu G, Wang H, Duan M, Shang P, Chamba Y. The Role of the MYL4 Gene in Porcine Muscle Development and Its Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1370. [PMID: 38731374 PMCID: PMC11083461 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle growth stands as a pivotal economic trait within pig production, governed by a complex interplay of multiple genes, each playing a role in its quantitative manifestation. Understanding the intricate regulatory mechanisms of porcine muscle development is crucial for enhancing both pork yield and quality. This study used the GSE99749 dataset downloaded from the GEO database, conducting a detailed analysis of the RNA-seq results from the longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) of Tibetan pigs (TP), Wujin pigs (WJ) and large white pigs (LW) at 60 days of gestation, representing diverse body sizes and growth rates. Comparative analyses between TPvsWJ and TPvsLW, along with differential gene expression (DEG) analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, revealed 1048 and 1157 significantly differentially expressed genes (p < 0.001) in TPvsWJ and TPvsLW, respectively. With stricter screening criteria, 37 DEGs were found to overlap between the 2 groups. PPI analysis identified MYL5, MYL4, and ACTC1 as the three core genes. This article focuses on exploring the MYL4 gene. Molecular-level experimental validation, through overexpression and interference of the MYL4 gene combined with EDU staining experiments, demonstrated that overexpression of MYL4 significantly promoted the proliferation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells (PSMSC), while interference with MYL4 inhibited their proliferation. Furthermore, by examining the effects of overexpressing and interfering with the MYL4 gene on the muscle hypertrophy marker Fst gene and the muscle degradation marker FOXO3 gene, the pivotal role of the MYL4 gene in promoting muscle growth and preventing muscle degradation was further confirmed. These findings offer a new perspective on the molecular mechanisms behind porcine muscle growth and development, furnishing valuable data and insights for muscle biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yourong Ye
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China; (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (H.W.); (M.D.)
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Linzhi 860000, China
- Key Laboratory for the Genetic Improvement and Reproduction Technology of the Xizang Swine, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Guoxin Wu
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China; (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (H.W.); (M.D.)
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Linzhi 860000, China
- Key Laboratory for the Genetic Improvement and Reproduction Technology of the Xizang Swine, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Haoqi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China; (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (H.W.); (M.D.)
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Linzhi 860000, China
- Key Laboratory for the Genetic Improvement and Reproduction Technology of the Xizang Swine, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Mengqi Duan
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China; (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (H.W.); (M.D.)
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Linzhi 860000, China
- Key Laboratory for the Genetic Improvement and Reproduction Technology of the Xizang Swine, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Peng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China; (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (H.W.); (M.D.)
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Linzhi 860000, China
- Key Laboratory for the Genetic Improvement and Reproduction Technology of the Xizang Swine, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Yangzom Chamba
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China; (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (H.W.); (M.D.)
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Linzhi 860000, China
- Key Laboratory for the Genetic Improvement and Reproduction Technology of the Xizang Swine, Linzhi 860000, China
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Takenaka Y, Hirasaki M, Bono H, Nakamura S, Kakinuma Y. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Enhancement of Cardiogenesis-Related Signaling Pathways by S-Nitroso- N -Pivaloyl- d -Penicillamine: Implications for Improved Diastolic Function and Cardiac Performance. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:433-445. [PMID: 38422186 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We previously reported a novel compound called S-nitroso- N -pivaloyl- d -penicillamine (SNPiP), which was screened from a group of nitric oxide donor compounds with a basic chemical structure of S-nitroso- N -acetylpenicillamine, to activate the nonneuronal acetylcholine system. SNPiP-treated mice exhibited improved cardiac output and enhanced diastolic function, without an increase in heart rate. The nonneuronal acetylcholine-activating effects included increased resilience to ischemia, modulation of energy metabolism preference, and activation of angiogenesis. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis of SNPiP-treated mice ventricles to elucidate how SNPiP exerts beneficial effects on cardiac function. A time-course study (24 and 48 hours after SNPiP administration) revealed that SNPiP initially induced Wnt and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G signaling pathways, along with upregulation of genes involved in cardiac muscle tissue development and oxytocin signaling pathway. We also observed enrichment of glycolysis-related genes in response to SNPiP treatment, resulting in a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, which was suggested by reduced cardiac glucose contents while maintaining adenosine tri-phosphate levels. In addition, SNPiP significantly upregulated atrial natriuretic peptide and sarcolipin, which play crucial roles in calcium handling and cardiac performance. These findings suggest that SNPiP may have therapeutic potential based on the pleiotropic mechanisms elucidated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Takenaka
- Department of Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Hirasaki
- Department of Clinical Cancer Genomics, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Bono
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; and
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kakinuma
- Department of Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen Y, Peng R, Qian Y, Lu Y, Chen L, Yu M, Jiang M, Wu W, Lu S. Genome-wide analysis in PC6 electroacupuncture to ameliorate carfilzomib-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Gene 2024; 897:148090. [PMID: 38110043 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Carfilzomib (CFZ), a proteasome inhibitor commonly used in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), exhibits limited clinical application due to its cardiotoxicity. In our study, electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan acupoint (PC6) effectively reversed CFZ-induced reduction in ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), demonstrating great potential effect for heart protection. Through comparative analysis of the transcriptome profile from heart samples of mice treated with DMSO control, CFZ injection, and EA stimulation, we identified a total of 770 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CFZ (vs. Control) group and 329 DEGs in EA (vs. CFZ) group. Specifically, CFZ (vs. Control) group exhibited 65 up-regulated DEGs and 705 down-regulated DEGs, while EA (vs. CFZ) group displayed 251 up-regulated DEGs and 78 down-regulated DEGs. Metascape analysis revealed that among these treatment groups, there were 137 co-expressed DEGs remarkably enriched in skeletal system development, cellular response to growth factor stimulus, negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, and muscle contraction. The expression patterns of miR-8114, Myl4, Col1a1, Tmem163, Myl7, Sln, and Fxyd3, which belong to the top 30 DEGs, were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). In summary, this study firstly discloses novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying PC6-based EA therapy against CFZ-induced cardiotoxicity, potentially serving as a theoretical foundation for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Chen
- No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Rou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yi Qian
- No.3 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Yizhou Lu
- No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Liyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Meiling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Minjiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shengfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Zhang J, Li C, Shuai W, Chen T, Gong Y, Hu H, Wei Y, Kong B, Huang H. maresin2 fine-tunes ULK1 O-GlcNAcylation to improve post myocardial infarction remodeling. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 962:176223. [PMID: 38056619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the common causes of hospitalization and death all over the world. Maresin2 (MaR2), a specialized pro-solving mediator of inflammation, has been consolidated to be a novel cytokine fine-tuning inflammatory cascade. However, the precise mechanism is still unknown. Here, we demonstrated that maresin2 relieved myocardial damage via ULK1 O-GlcNAc modification during MI. METHODS The myocardial infarction model was established by ligating the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Echocardiography, histopathology, transmission electron microscope, and Western blot were used to evaluate cardiac function and remodeling. Furthermore, primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were cultivated, and immunoprecipitation (IP) assays were performed to explore the specific mechanism. RESULTS As suggested, maresin2 treatment protected cardiac function and ameliorated adverse cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, we found that maresin2 facilitated autophagy and inhibited apoptosis under the modulation of O-GlcNAcylation-dependent ULK1 activation. Meanwhile, we discovered that maresin2 treatment ameliorated the inflammation of myocardial cells by inhibiting the interaction of TAK1 and TAB1. CONCLUSIONS Maresin2 is likely to promote autophagy while relieving apoptosis and inflammation of myocardial cells, thereby exerting a protective effect on the heart after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - He Hu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yanzhao Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China.
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China.
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7
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Bajpai AK, Gu Q, Orgil BO, Alberson NR, Towbin JA, Martinez HR, Lu L, Purevjav E. Exploring the Regulation and Function of Rpl3l in the Development of Early-Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Congestive Heart Failure Using Systems Genetics Approach. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:53. [PMID: 38254943 PMCID: PMC10815855 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathies, diseases affecting the myocardium, are common causes of congestive heart failure (CHF) and sudden cardiac death. Recently, biallelic variants in ribosomal protein L3-like (RPL3L) have been reported to be associated with severe neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and CHF. This study employs a systems genetics approach to gain understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the role of RPL3L in DCM. METHODS Genetic correlation, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping, differential expression analysis and comparative functional analysis were performed using cardiac gene expression data from the patients and murine genetic reference populations (GRPs) of BXD mice (recombinant inbred strains from a cross of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice). Additionally, immune infiltration analysis was performed to understand the relationship between DCM, immune cells and RPL3L expression. RESULTS Systems genetics analysis identified high expression of Rpl3l mRNA, which ranged from 11.31 to 12.16 across murine GRPs of BXD mice, with an ~1.8-fold difference. Pathways such as "diabetic cardiomyopathy", "focal adhesion", "oxidative phosphorylation" and "DCM" were significantly associated with Rpl3l. eQTL mapping suggested Myl4 (Chr 11) and Sdha (Chr 13) as the upstream regulators of Rpl3l. The mRNA expression of Rpl3l, Myl4 and Sdha was significantly correlated with multiple echocardiography traits in BXD mice. Immune infiltration analysis revealed a significant association of RPL3L and SDHA with seven immune cells (CD4, CD8-naive T cell, CD8 T cell, macrophages, cytotoxic T cell, gamma delta T cell and exhausted T cell) that were also differentially infiltrated between heart samples obtained from DCM patients and normal individuals. CONCLUSIONS RPL3L is highly expressed in the heart tissue of humans and mice. Expression of Rpl3l and its upstream regulators, Myl4 and Sdha, correlate with multiple cardiac function traits in murine GRPs of BXD mice, while RPL3L and SDHA correlate with immune cell infiltration in DCM patient hearts, suggesting important roles for RPL3L in DCM and CHF pathogenesis via immune inflammation, necessitating experimental validations of Myl4 and Sdha in Rpl3l regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K. Bajpai
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (A.K.B.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (A.K.B.); (Q.G.)
| | - Buyan-Ochir Orgil
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Neely R. Alberson
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Towbin
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Cardiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hugo R. Martinez
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (A.K.B.); (Q.G.)
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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