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Liu X, Luo Q, Zhao Y, Ren P, Jin Y, Zhou J. The Ferroptosis-Mitochondrial Axis in Depression: Unraveling the Feedforward Loop of Oxidative Stress, Metabolic Homeostasis Dysregulation, and Neuroinflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2025; 14:613. [PMID: 40427494 PMCID: PMC12108521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2025] [Revised: 05/09/2025] [Accepted: 05/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence links ferroptosis-mitochondrial dysregulation to depression pathogenesis through an oxidative stress-energy deficit-neuroinflammation cycle driven by iron overload. This study demonstrates that iron accumulation initiates ferroptosis via Fenton reaction-mediated lipid peroxidation, compromising neuronal membrane integrity and disabling the GPx4 antioxidant system. Concurrent mitochondrial complex I/IV dysfunction impairs ATP synthesis, creating an AMPK/mTOR signaling imbalance and calcium dyshomeostasis that synergistically impair synaptic plasticity. Bidirectional crosstalk emerges: lipid peroxidation derivatives oxidize mitochondrial cardiolipin, while mitochondrial ROS overproduction activates ACSL4 to amplify ferroptotic susceptibility, forming a self-reinforcing neurodegenerative loop. Prefrontal-hippocampal metabolomics reveal paradoxical metabolic reprogramming with glycolytic compensation suppressing mitochondrial biogenesis (via PGC-1α/TFAM downregulation), trapping neurons in bioenergetic crisis. Clinical data further show that microglial M1 polarization through cGAS-STING activation sustains neuroinflammation via IL-6/TNF-α release. We propose a "ferroptosis-mitochondrial fragmentation-metabolic maladaptation" triad as mechanistic subtyping criteria for depression. Preclinical validation shows that combinatorial therapy (iron chelators + SIRT3 agonists) rescues neuronal viability by restoring mitochondrial integrity and energy flux. This work shifts therapeutic paradigms from monoaminergic targets toward multimodal strategies addressing iron homeostasis, organelle dynamics, and metabolic vulnerability-a framework with significant implications for developing neuroprotective antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (Y.J.)
| | - Qiang Luo
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yulong Zhao
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (Y.J.)
| | - Peng Ren
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (Y.J.)
| | - Junjie Zhou
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Zhang Z, Nie W, Zhang Y, He M, Li C, Zhang S, Li W. A Machine Learning-Based Approach for the Prediction of Anticoagulant Activity of Hypericum perforatum L. and Evaluation of Compound Activity. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2025; 36:793-804. [PMID: 39551532 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypericum perforatum L. (HPL) is extensively researched domestically and internationally as a medicinal plant. However, no reports of studies related to the anticoagulant activity of HPL have been retrieved. The specific bioactive components are unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning (ML) method for rapid prediction of anticoagulant activity in HPL and evaluation of compound activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, an in vitro anticoagulant activity assay was developed for the determination of the bioactivity of various medicinal parts of HPL. Then, the peak areas of compounds in HPL were integrated using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. Subsequently, nine independent ML methods and two ensemble learning methods have been established to predict the anticoagulant activity of HPL and to evaluate the contribution of compounds. Feature importance scores were used for models visualization. RESULTS A total of 24 compounds were shown to exhibited superior anticoagulant activity. Molecular docking experiments likewise confirmed this result. The results show that the branches of HPL have excellent anticoagulant activity, which has been previously overlooked. The established ML model demonstrated good performance in the prediction of the activity of HPL. CONCLUSION The results were accurate and reliable, which significantly improved the efficiency of active compounds screening, and further exploration in this area is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wennan Nie
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mulan He
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cunhao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shule Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Zhu Y, Li Y, Yu Z, Chen X, Lan T, Wang M, Yu S. Agomelatine Alleviates Depressive-like Behaviors by Suppressing Hippocampal Oxidative Stress in the Chronic Social Defeat Stress Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2025; 14:410. [PMID: 40298761 PMCID: PMC12024063 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2025] [Revised: 03/21/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by significant mood disturbances and cognitive impairments. Chronic stress, particularly social defeat stress, plays a crucial role in the etiology of depression, with oxidative stress being a pivotal factor in its pathophysiology. Consequently, identifying effective strategies to mitigate oxidative stress and prevent the progression of depression is of paramount importance. Agomelatine, an atypical antidepressant with melatonergic and serotonergic properties, has shown promise in treating MDD due to its unique mechanisms of action. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether agomelatine could ameliorate behavioral deficits in a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mouse model. CSDS mice were administered agomelatine (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and exhibited significant reductions in both anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors in behavioral tests. Further analysis revealed that agomelatine treatment effectively reduced oxidative damage in the hippocampus of CSDS mice. Additionally, agomelatine attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and restored synaptic plasticity, as evidenced by an increased density of excitatory synapses and enhanced neuronal activity. These findings suggest that agomelatine may exert therapeutic effects by reducing oxidative stress, preserving mitochondrial function, and enhancing synaptic plasticity, providing new insights into its potential as a treatment for chronic social defeat stress-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Zhaoying Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Meijian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao 266035, China;
| | - Shuyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (T.L.)
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders and Intelligent Control, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Chen X, Xie N, Feng L, Huang Y, Wu Y, Zhu H, Tang J, Zhang Y. Oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus and its complications: From pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies. Chin Med J (Engl) 2025; 138:15-27. [PMID: 39503316 PMCID: PMC11717531 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Oxidative stress due to aberrant metabolism is considered as a crucial contributor to diabetes and its complications. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia boost excessive reactive oxygen species generation by elevated mitochondrial respiration, increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, and enhanced pro-oxidative processes, including protein kinase C pathways, hexosamine, polyol, and advanced glycation endproducts, which exacerbate oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the onset of diabetes and its associated complications by impairing insulin production, increasing insulin resistance, maintaining hyperglycemic memory, and inducing systemic inflammation. A more profound comprehension of the molecular processes that link oxidative stress to diabetes is crucial to new preventive and therapeutic strategies. Therefore, this review discusses the mechanisms underlying how oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus and its complications. We also summarize the current approaches for prevention and treatment by targeting the oxidative stress pathways in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Na Xie
- Sichuan International Science and Technology Center for Stress Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lixiang Feng
- Sichuan International Science and Technology Center for Stress Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yujing Huang
- Sichuan International Science and Technology Center for Stress Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuyao Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Macao 999078, China
| | - Huili Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Li B, Chen Y, Zhao M, Chen Z, Lin Z, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang J, Li Y. Obesity-induced activation of NADPH oxidase 2 prolongs cardiac repolarization via inhibiting K+ currents. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0316701. [PMID: 39739996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with abnormal repolarization manifested by QT interval prolongation, and oxidative stress is an important link between obesity and arrhythmias. However, the underlying electrophysiological and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of obesity in potassium current in ventricular myocytes and the potential mechanism of NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2). We investigated the effect of Nox2 on cardiac repolarization without compromising its expression and function in other systems using mice with conditional cardiac-specific deletions of Nox2 (knockout [KO]). Wild-type, KO, and Flox littermate mice were randomized to either the control or high-fat diet (HFD) groups. Surface electrocardiograms were recorded to analyze repolarization in vivo. Whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were used to evaluate the electrophysiological phenotype of isolated myocytes in vitro. Western blotting was performed to assess protein expression levels. Compared with the control mice, the HFD group had a prolonged QTc. The consequences of an HFD were not attributed to delayed rectifier K+ and inward-rectifier K+ currents but were associated with reduced peak outward KV and fast transient outward K+ currents. Downregulated expression of KV4.2 and KChIP2, comprising functional Ito channel pore-forming (α) and accessory (β) subunits, was detected in HFD mice. Nox2-KO reversed the effect of obesity on Ipeak and Ito amplitude. Our data demonstrate that obesity mediates impaired cardiac repolarization in mice, manifested by QTc at the whole organism level and action potential duration at the cellular level, and correlated with Nox2. The electrophysiological and molecular aspects of this phenomenon were mediated by repolarizing outward K+ currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Chen
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Maoxiang Zhao
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical Medicine College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhuhui Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical Medicine College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- Medical Innovation Research Department of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical Medicine College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Xie XB, Shu Y, Cui ZJ. To activate NAD(P)H oxidase with a brief pulse of photodynamic action. FASEB J 2024; 38:e70246. [PMID: 39655710 PMCID: PMC11629461 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202402292r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2024] [Revised: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidases (NOX) are a major cellular source of reactive oxygen species, regulating vital physiological functions, whose dys-regulation leads to a plethora of major diseases. Much effort has been made to develop varied types of NOX inhibitors, but biotechnologies for spatially and temporally controlled NOX activation, however, are not readily available. We previously found that ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation activates NOX2 in rodent mast cells, to elicit persistent calcium spikes. NOX2 is composed of multiple subunits, making studies of its activation rather complicated. Here we show that the single-subunit nonrodent-expressing NOX5, when expressed ectopically in CHO-K1 cells, is activated by UVA irradiation (380 nm, 0.1-12 mW/cm2, 1.5 min) inducing repetitive calcium spikes, as monitored by Fura-2 fluorescent calcium imaging. UVA-elicited calcium oscillations are inhibited by NOX inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) and blocked by singlet oxygen (1O2) quencher Trolox-C (300 μM). A brief pulse of photodynamic action (1.5 min) with photosensitizer sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (SALPC 2 μM, 675 nm, 85 mW/cm2) in NOX5-CHO-K1 cells, or with genetically encoded protein photosensitizer miniSOG fused to N-terminus of NOX5 (450 nm, 85 mW/cm2) in miniSOG-NOX5-CHO-K1 cells, induces persistent calcium oscillations, which are blocked by DPI. In the presence of Trolox-C, miniSOG photodynamic action no longer induces any calcium increases in miniSOG-NOX5-CHO-K1 cells. DUOX2 in human thyroid follicular cells SW579 and in DUOX2-CHO-K1 cells is similarly activated by UVA irradiation and SALPC photodynamic action. These data together suggest that NOX is activated with a brief pulse of photodynamic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Bing Xie
- College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yu Shu
- College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zong Jie Cui
- College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
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Oh EB, Shin HJ, Yu H, Jang J, Park JW, Chang TS. NADPH oxidase 1/4 dual inhibitor setanaxib suppresses platelet activation and thrombus formation. Life Sci 2024; 357:123061. [PMID: 39293714 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase (NOX) is able to induce platelet activation, making NOX a promising target for antiplatelet therapy. In this study, we examined the effects of setanaxib, a dual NOX1/4 inhibitor, on human platelet function and ROS-related signaling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS In collagen-stimulated human platelets, aggregometry, assessment of ROS and Ca2+, immunoblotting, ELISA, flow cytometry, platelet adhesion assay, and assessment of mouse arterial thrombosis were performed in this study. KEY FINDINGS Setanaxib inhibited both intracellular and extracellular ROS production in collagen-activated platelets. Additionally, setanaxib significantly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, P-selectin exposure from α-granule release, and ATP release from dense granules. Setanaxib blocked the specific tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated activation of Syk, LAT, Vav1, and Btk within collagen receptor signaling pathways, leading to reduced activation of PLCγ2, PKC, and Ca2+ mobilization. Setanaxib also inhibited collagen-induced activation of integrin αIIbβ3, which is linked to increased cGMP levels and VASP phosphorylation. Furthermore, setanaxib suppressed collagen-induced p38 MAPK activation, resulting in decreased phosphorylation of cytosolic PLA2 and reduced TXA2 generation. Setanaxib also inhibited ERK5 activation, affecting the exposure of procoagulant phosphatidylserine. Setanaxib reduced thrombus formation under shear conditions by preventing platelet adhesion to collagen. Finally, in vivo administration of setanaxib in animal models led to the inhibition of arterial thrombosis. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to show that setanaxib suppresses ROS generation, platelet activation, and collagen-induced thrombus formation, suggesting its potential use in treating thrombotic or cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bee Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Ji Shin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunseong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joara Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Won Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Giurranna E, Nencini F, Bettiol A, Borghi S, Argento FR, Emmi G, Silvestri E, Taddei N, Fiorillo C, Becatti M. Dietary Antioxidants and Natural Compounds in Preventing Thrombosis and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11457. [PMID: 39519009 PMCID: PMC11546393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and coagulation abnormalities, promoting thrombus formation. Given the growing interest in non-pharmacological approaches to modulate oxidative stress, we examine the potential of various dietary interventions and antioxidant supplementation in reducing oxidative damage and preventing thrombotic events. Key dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and ketogenic diets, as well as antioxidant-rich supplements like curcumin, selenium, and polyphenols, demonstrate promising effects in improving oxidative stress markers, lipid profiles, and inflammatory responses. This review highlights recent advances in the field, drawing from in vitro, ex vivo, and clinical studies, and underscores the importance of integrating dietary strategies into preventive and therapeutic approaches for managing thrombosis and cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to better understand long-term effects and personalize these interventions for optimizing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Giurranna
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (E.G.); (F.N.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (F.R.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Francesca Nencini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (E.G.); (F.N.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (F.R.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Alessandra Bettiol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (E.G.); (F.N.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (F.R.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Serena Borghi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (E.G.); (F.N.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (F.R.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Flavia Rita Argento
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (E.G.); (F.N.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (F.R.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Niccolò Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (E.G.); (F.N.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (F.R.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (E.G.); (F.N.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (F.R.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (E.G.); (F.N.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (F.R.A.); (N.T.)
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Scalia E, Chirco A, Calugi L, Lenci E, Pagano PJ, Pula G, Trabocchi A. Development of New Peptidomimetic NADPH Oxidase Inhibitors with Antithrombotic Properties. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400330. [PMID: 38924475 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The ability of synthetic peptides inhibitors of NOX1 to effectively block the production of ROS by the enzyme was studied with different methodologies. Specifically, taking advantage of our understanding of the active epitope of the regulatory NOX1 subunit NOXA1 as a potent inhibitor of NOX1-derived O2⋅- formation, a panel of peptidomimetic derivatives of this peptide were designed and synthesized with the aim of improving their activity and increasing their stability in plasma. The results highlighted that improved efficacy and potency was found for both the peptide-peptoid hybrid GS2, whereas stapled peptide AC5 and its precursor showed higher stability despite lower biological potency. This study showed that minimal structural modifications of NOXA1 peptides are required to improve both their potency and stability to finally achieve best candidates as new potential anti-thrombotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Scalia
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Antony Chirco
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Calugi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lenci
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Giordano Pula
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Biomedical Institute for Multimorbidity, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Ng WJ, Wong FC, Abd Manan F, Chow YL, Ooi AL, Ong MK, Zhang X, Chai TT. Antioxidant Peptides and Protein Hydrolysates from Tilapia: Cellular and In Vivo Evidences for Human Health Benefits. Foods 2024; 13:2945. [PMID: 39335873 PMCID: PMC11431209 DOI: 10.3390/foods13182945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant peptides derived from aquatic organisms have attracted tremendous research interest due to their potential applications in human health. Tilapia is one of the most widely farmed aquaculture species globally. The current understanding of tilapia-derived antioxidant peptides is gradually expanding. This review discusses the current knowledge of peptides and protein hydrolysates derived from tilapia muscle, skin, and scales, whose antioxidant capacity has been validated in various cellular and in vivo models. To date, at least 16 peptides and several hydrolysates have been identified from tilapia that protect human and non-human cell models against oxidative injury. Tilapia hydrolysates and peptide mixtures have also shown protective effects in animal models of oxidative stress-associated diseases and exercise-induced oxidative injury and fatigue. The key mechanisms of tilapia hydrolysates and peptide mixtures involve enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and suppressing radical production. Notably, such hydrolysates also exerted additional in vivo functions, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, wound healing, and antiaging properties. Taken together, tilapia-derived antioxidant peptides and hydrolysates represent a valuable source of functional ingredients for applications in functional food, dietary supplements, and therapeutic applications. Continued research into their health benefits is warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Ng
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia;
- Centre for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
| | - Fai-Chu Wong
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia;
- Center for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia; (Y.-L.C.); (A.-L.O.); (M.-K.O.)
| | - Fazilah Abd Manan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Yit-Lai Chow
- Center for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia; (Y.-L.C.); (A.-L.O.); (M.-K.O.)
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
| | - Ai-Lin Ooi
- Center for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia; (Y.-L.C.); (A.-L.O.); (M.-K.O.)
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
| | - Mei-Kying Ong
- Center for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia; (Y.-L.C.); (A.-L.O.); (M.-K.O.)
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Era Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518115, China
| | - Tsun-Thai Chai
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia;
- Center for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia; (Y.-L.C.); (A.-L.O.); (M.-K.O.)
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Park JM, Park JE, Park JS, Leem YH, Kim DY, Hyun JW, Kim HS. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of coniferaldehyde in lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation: Involvement of AMPK/Nrf2 and TAK1/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176850. [PMID: 39059571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are primarily involved in inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in the brain; as such reducing microglial activation has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of coniferaldehyde (CFA), a naturally occurring cinnamaldehyde derivative, on activated microglia to evaluate its therapeutic potential. CFA inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. CFA also inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and oxidative stress markers such as 4-HNE and 8-OHdG. Detailed mechanistic studies showed that CFA exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting TAK1-mediated MAP kinase/NF-κB activation and upregulating AMPK signaling pathways. In addition, CFA exerted antioxidant effects by inhibiting the NADPH oxidase subunits and by increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1, NQO1, and catalase by upregulating Nrf2 signaling. Finally, we confirmed the effects of CFA on the brains of the LPS-injected mice. CFA inhibited microglial activation and the expression of proinflammatory markers and increased Nrf2-driven antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, CFA inhibited the production of 4-HNE and 8-OHdG in the brains of LPS-injected mice. As a result, CFA's significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may have therapeutic applications in neuroinflammatory disorders related with oxidative stress and microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yea-Hyun Leem
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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