1
|
Cheung P, Eriksson O. The Current State of Beta-Cell-Mass PET Imaging for Diabetes Research and Therapies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1824. [PMID: 34944640 PMCID: PMC8698817 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease affecting over 400 million people worldwide and one of the leading causes of death, especially in developing nations. The disease is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, caused by defects in the insulin secretion or action pathway. Current diagnostic methods measure metabolic byproducts of the disease such as glucose level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin or C-peptide levels, which are indicators of the beta-cell function. However, they inaccurately reflect the disease progression and provide poor longitudinal information. Beta-cell mass has been suggested as an alternative approach to study disease progression in correlation to beta-cell function, as it behaves differently in the diabetes physiopathology. Study of the beta-cell mass, however, requires highly invasive and potentially harmful procedures such as pancreatic biopsies, making diagnosis and monitoring of the disease tedious. Nuclear medical imaging techniques using radiation emitting tracers have been suggested as strong non-invasive tools for beta-cell mass. A highly sensitive and high-resolution technique, such as positron emission tomography, provides an ideal solution for the visualization of beta-cell mass, which is particularly essential for better characterization of a disease such as diabetes, and for estimating treatment effects towards regeneration of the beta-cell mass. Development of novel, validated biomarkers that are aimed at beta-cell mass imaging are thus highly necessary and would contribute to invaluable breakthroughs in the field of diabetes research and therapies. This review aims to describe the various biomarkers and radioactive probes currently available for positron emission tomography imaging of beta-cell mass, as well as highlight the need for precise quantification and visualization of the beta-cell mass for designing new therapy strategies and monitoring changes in the beta-cell mass during the progression of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cheung
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-75183 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Caillé F, Saba W, Goutal S, Breuil L, Kuhnast B, Tournier N. Radiolabeling and brain penetration of [ 11 C]VU0071063, a ligand of type 1 sulfonylurea receptors for positron emission tomography imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 65:28-35. [PMID: 34796549 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) overexpression in the central nervous system is a potential biomarker for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of brain damage and recovery. VU0071063, a selective ligand of SUR1 able to cross the blood-brain barrier, was isotopically radiolabeled with carbon-11 from a desmethyl precursor obtained quantitatively in one step. Ready-to-inject [11C]VU0071063 was obtained in 18 ± 2% radiochemical yield and 103 ± 22 GBq/μmol molar activity. PET imaging in healthy rats demonstrated a significant brain penetration and rapid elimination of the tracer in vivo, encouraging further investigation in animal models of SUR1 overexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Caillé
- Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Wadad Saba
- Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Louise Breuil
- Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Bertrand Kuhnast
- Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei W, Ehlerding EB, Lan X, Luo QY, Cai W. Molecular imaging of β-cells: diabetes and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:16-31. [PMID: 31378283 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Since diabetes is becoming a global epidemic, there is a great need to develop early β-cell specific diagnostic techniques for this disorder. There are two types of diabetes (i.e., type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)). In T1DM, the destruction of pancreatic β-cells leads to reduced insulin production or even absolute insulin deficiency, which consequently results in hyperglycemia. Actually, a central issue in the pathophysiology of all types of diabetes is the relative reduction of β-cell mass (BCM) and/or impairment of the function of individual β-cells. In the past two decades, scientists have been trying to develop imaging techniques for noninvasive measurement of the viability and mass of pancreatic β-cells. Despite intense scientific efforts, only two tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) and one contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are currently under clinical evaluation. β-cell specific imaging probes may also allow us to precisely and specifically visualize transplanted β-cells and to improve transplantation outcomes, as transplantation of pancreatic islets has shown promise in treating T1DM. In addition, some of these probes can be applied to the preoperative detection of hidden insulinomas as well. In the present review, we primarily summarize potential tracers under development for imaging β-cells with a focus on tracers for PET, SPECT, MRI, and optical imaging. We will discuss the advantages and limitations of the various imaging probes and extend an outlook on future developments in the field.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hart NJ, Weber C, Papas KK, Limesand SW, Vagner J, Lynch RM. Multivalent activation of GLP-1 and sulfonylurea receptors modulates β-cell second-messenger signaling and insulin secretion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C48-C56. [PMID: 30404557 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00209.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Linking two pharmacophores that bind different cell surface receptors into a single molecule can enhance cell-targeting specificity to cells that express the complementary receptor pair. In this report, we developed and tested a synthetic multivalent ligand consisting of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) linked to glibenclamide (Glb) (GLP-1/Glb) for signaling efficacy in β-cells. Expression of receptors for these ligands, as a combination, is relatively specific to the β-cell in the pancreas. The multivalent GLP-1/Glb increased both intracellular cAMP and Ca2+, although Ca2+ responses were significantly depressed compared with the monomeric Glb. Moreover, GLP-1/Glb increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner. However, unlike the combined monomers, GLP-1/Glb did not augment insulin secretion at nonstimulatory glucose concentrations in INS 832/13 β-cells or human islets of Langerhans. These data suggest that linking two binding elements, such as GLP-1 and Glb, into a single bivalent ligand can provide a unique functional agent targeted to β-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Weber
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Sean W Limesand
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Josef Vagner
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ronald M Lynch
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
99mTc-labeled glimepiride as a tracer for targeting pancreatic β-cells mass: preparation and preclinical evaluation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
6
|
Christoffersson G, von Herrath MG. A Deeper Look into Type 1 Diabetes - Imaging Immune Responses during Onset of Disease. Front Immunol 2016; 7:313. [PMID: 27574523 PMCID: PMC4983548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes execute the killing of insulin-producing beta cells during onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). The research community has come far in dissecting the major events in the development of this disease, but still the trigger and high-resolved information of the immunological events leading up to beta cell loss are missing. During the past decades, intravital imaging of immune responses has led to significant scientific breakthroughs in diverse models of disease, including T1D. Dynamic imaging of immune cells at the pancreatic islets during T1D onset has been made possible through the development of both advanced microscopes, and animal models that allow long-term immobilization of the pancreas. The use of these modalities has revealed a milling microenvironment at the pancreatic islets during disease onset with a plethora of active players. Clues to answering the remaining questions in this disease may lie in intravital imaging, including how key immune cells traffic to and from the pancreas, and how cells interact at this target tissue. This review highlights and discusses recent studies, models, and techniques focused to understand the immune responses during T1D onset through intravital imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Christoffersson
- Type 1 Diabetes Center, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Matthias G von Herrath
- Type 1 Diabetes Center, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Novo Nordisk Diabetes Research and Development Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Laurent D, Vinet L, Lamprianou S, Daval M, Filhoulaud G, Ktorza A, Wang H, Sewing S, Juretschke HP, Glombik H, Meda P, Boisgard R, Nguyen DL, Stasiuk GJ, Long NJ, Montet X, Hecht P, Kramer W, Rutter GA, Hecksher-Sørensen J. Pancreatic β-cell imaging in humans: fiction or option? Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:6-15. [PMID: 26228188 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a growing worldwide epidemic disease, currently affecting 1 in 12 adults. Treatment of disease complications typically consumes ∼10% of healthcare budgets in developed societies. Whilst immune-mediated destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells is responsible for Type 1 diabetes, both the loss and dysfunction of these cells underly the more prevalent Type 2 diabetes. The establishment of robust drug development programmes aimed at β-cell restoration is still hampered by the absence of means to measure β-cell mass prospectively in vivo, an approach which would provide new opportunities for understanding disease mechanisms and ultimately assigning personalized treatments. In the present review, we describe the progress towards this goal achieved by the Innovative Medicines Initiative in Diabetes, a collaborative public-private consortium supported by the European Commission and by dedicated resources of pharmaceutical companies. We compare several of the available imaging methods and molecular targets and provide suggestions as to the likeliest to lead to tractable approaches. Furthermore, we discuss the simultaneous development of animal models that can be used to measure subtle changes in β-cell mass, a prerequisite for validating the clinical potential of the different imaging tracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Laurent
- Biomarker Department, Clinical Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Vinet
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Lamprianou
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Daval
- Metabolic Diseases Department, Servier Research Institute, Suresnes, France
| | - G Filhoulaud
- Metabolic Diseases Department, Servier Research Institute, Suresnes, France
| | - A Ktorza
- Metabolic Diseases Department, Servier Research Institute, Suresnes, France
| | - H Wang
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Sewing
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H-P Juretschke
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - H Glombik
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - P Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Boisgard
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Equipe d'Imagerie Moléculaire Expérimentale, Orsay, France
| | - D L Nguyen
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Equipe d'Imagerie Moléculaire Expérimentale, Orsay, France
| | - G J Stasiuk
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - X Montet
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Hecht
- IMIDIA Project Office, Graz, Austria
| | - W Kramer
- Scientific Consultant for Sanofi Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Babič A, Lamprianou S, Vinet L, Stransky-Heilkron N, Xayaphoummine C, Campo MA, Glombik H, Schulte A, Juretschke HP, Montet X, Meda P, Lange N. Multivalent glibenclamide to generate islet specific imaging probes. Biomaterials 2015; 75:1-12. [PMID: 26474038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of diabetes mellitus, as it develops and becomes clinically evident, remains a major challenge for diagnostic imaging in clinical practice. Here we present a novel approach to beta-cell imaging by targeting the sulphonylurea receptor subtype 1 (SUR1), using multivalent derivatives of the anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide. Since glibenclamide has a high affinity for SUR1 but does not contain a suitable functional group to be linked to an imaging probe, we have synthesized 11 glibenclamide derivatives and evaluated their affinity to SUR1 in MIN6 cells. The most promising compound has been used to obtain multivalent glibenclamide-polyamidoamine (PAMAM) derivatives, containing up to 15 sulphonylurea moieties per dendrimer. The remaining functional groups on the dendrimers can consecutively be used for labeling with reporter groups for different imaging modalities, thus allowing for multifunctional imaging, and for the modification of pharmacokinetic properties. We synthesized fluorochrome-labeled multivalent probes, that demonstrate in cellular assays affinities to SUR1 in the nanomolar range, superior to native glibenclamide. The probes specifically label MIN6 cells, but not HeLa or PANC-1 cells which do not express SUR1. A very low cytotoxicity of the multivalent probes is demonstrated by the persistent release of insulin from MIN6 cells exposed to high glucose concentrations. Furthermore, the probes display positive labeling of beta-cells of primary mouse and human islet-cells ex vivo and of islets of Langerhans in vivo. The data document that multivalent probes based on glibenclamide derivatives provide a suitable platform for further developments of cell-specific probes, and can be adapted for multiple imaging modalities, including those that are now used in the clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Babič
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Geneva-Lausanne, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Smaragda Lamprianou
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Vinet
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Stransky-Heilkron
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Geneva-Lausanne, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Celine Xayaphoummine
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Geneva-Lausanne, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marino A Campo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Geneva-Lausanne, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Heiner Glombik
- Sanofi Germany, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anke Schulte
- Sanofi Germany, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Xavier Montet
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Lange
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Geneva-Lausanne, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Synthesis and blood glucose and lipid-lowering effects of benzothiazole-substituted benzenesulfonylurea derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
11
|
Mascarello A, Silva Frederico MJ, Gomes Castro AJ, Mendes CP, Dutra MF, Woehl VM, Yunes RA, Mena Barreto Silva FR, Nunes RJ. Novel sulfonyl(thio)urea derivatives act efficiently both as insulin secretagogues and as insulinomimetic compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:491-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
12
|
Hart NJ, Chung WJ, Weber C, Ananthakrishnan K, Anderson M, Patek R, Zhang Z, Limesand SW, Vagner J, Lynch RM. Hetero-bivalent GLP-1/glibenclamide for targeting pancreatic β-cells. Chembiochem 2013; 15:135-45. [PMID: 24259278 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) cell signalling cascades are initiated upon binding of a specific agonist ligand to its cell surface receptor. Linking multiple heterologous ligands that simultaneously bind and potentially link different receptors on the cell surface is a unique approach to modulate cell responses. Moreover, if the target receptors are selected based on analysis of cell-specific expression of a receptor combination, then the linked binding elements might provide enhanced specificity of targeting the cell type of interest, that is, only to cells that express the complementary receptors. Two receptors whose expression is relatively specific (in combination) to insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are the sulfonylurea-1 (SUR1) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors. A heterobivalent ligand was assembled from the active fragment of GLP-1 (7-36 GLP-1) and glibenclamide, a small organic ligand for SUR1. The synthetic construct was labelled with Cy5 or europium chelated in DTPA to evaluate binding to β-cells, by using fluorescence microscopy or time-resolved saturation and competition binding assays, respectively. Once the ligand binds to β-cells, it is rapidly capped and presumably removed from the cell surface by endocytosis. The bivalent ligand had an affinity approximately fivefold higher than monomeric europium-labelled GLP-1, likely a result of cooperative binding to the complementary receptors on the βTC3 cells. The high-affinity binding was lost in the presence of either unlabelled monomer, thus demonstrating that interaction with both receptors is required for the enhanced binding at low concentrations. Importantly, bivalent enhancement was accomplished in a cell system with physiological levels of expression of the complementary receptors, thus indicating that this approach might be applicable for β-cell targeting in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Hart
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85721 (USA)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Comley RA, Kallend D. Imaging in the cardiovascular and metabolic disease area. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:185-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
15
|
Di Gialleonardo V, de Vries EFJ, Di Girolamo M, Quintero AM, Dierckx RAJO, Signore A. Imaging of β-cell mass and insulitis in insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes mellitus. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:892-919. [PMID: 22889646 DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with a complex multifactorial etiology and a poorly understood pathogenesis. Genetic and environmental factors cause an autoimmune reaction against pancreatic β-cells, called insulitis, confirmed in pancreatic samples obtained at autopsy. The possibility to noninvasively quantify β-cell mass in vivo would provide important biological insights and facilitate aspects of diagnosis and therapy, including follow-up of islet cell transplantation. Moreover, the availability of a noninvasive tool to quantify the extent and severity of pancreatic insulitis could be useful for understanding the natural history of human insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus, to early diagnose children at risk to develop overt diabetes, and to select patients to be treated with immunotherapies aimed at blocking the insulitis and monitoring the efficacy of these therapies. In this review, we outline the imaging techniques currently available for in vivo, noninvasive detection of β-cell mass and insulitis. These imaging techniques include magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, computed tomography, bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging, and the nuclear medicine techniques positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. Several approaches and radiopharmaceuticals for imaging β-cells and lymphocytic insulitis are reviewed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Gialleonardo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Figueroa-Valverde L, Diaz-Cedillo F, Lopez-Ramos M, Garcia-Cervera E, Pool-Gomez E, Cardena-Arredondo C, Ancona-Leon G. Glibenclamide-pregnenolone derivative has greater hypoglycemic effects and biodistribution than glibenclamide-OH in alloxan-rats. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 156:122-7. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
17
|
Sanz D, Claramunt RM, Alkorta I, Sánchez-Sanz G, Elguero J. The structure of glibenclamide in the solid state. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2012; 50:246-255. [PMID: 22383432 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The structure of glibenclamide, 5-chloro-N-(2-{4-[(cyclohexylamino)carbonyl] aminosulfonyl}phenyl) ethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide, an important antidiabetic drug, has been studied both in solution and in the solid state by a combination of NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The possibility that glibenclamide suffers a tautomerization under melting to afford a desmotrope was rejected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dionisia Sanz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oh CS, Kohanim S, Kong FL, Song HC, Huynh N, Mendez R, Chanda M, Edmund Kim E, Yang DJ. Sulfonylurea receptor as a target for molecular imaging of pancreas beta cells with (99m)Tc-DTPA-glipizide. Ann Nucl Med 2012; 26:253-61. [PMID: 22237676 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-011-0569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to assess pancreas beta cell activity using (99m)Tc-diethyleneaminepentaacetic acid-glipizide (DTPA-GLP), a sulfonylurea receptor agent. The effect of DTPA-GLP on the blood glucose level in rats was also evaluated. METHODS DTPA dianhydride was conjugated with GLP in the presence of sodium amide, yielding 60%. Biodistribution and planar images were obtained at 30-120 min after injection of (99m)Tc-DTPA-GLP (1 mg/rat, 0.74 and 11.1 MBq per rat, respectively) in normal female Fischer 344 rats. The control group was given (99m)Tc-DTPA. To demonstrate pancreas beta cell uptake of (99m)Tc-DTPA-GLP via a receptor-mediated process, a group of rats was pretreated with streptozotocin (a beta cell toxin, 55 mg/kg, i.v.) and the images were acquired at immediately-65 min on day 5 post-treatment. The effect on the glucose levels after a single administration (ip) of DTPA-GLP was compared to glipizide (GLP) for up to 6 h. RESULTS The structure of DTPA-GLP was confirmed by NMR, mass spectrometry and HPLC. Radiochemical purity assessed by ITLC was >96%. (99m)Tc-DTPA-GLP showed increased pancreas-to-muscle ratios, whereas (99m)Tc-DTPA showed decreased ratios at various time points. Pancreas could be visualized with (99m)Tc-DTPA-GLP in normal rat, however, (99m)Tc-DTPA has poor uptake suggesting the specificity of (99m)Tc-DTPA-GLP. Pancreas beta cell uptake could be blocked by pre-treatment with streptozotocin. DTPA-GLP showed an equal or better response in lowering the glucose levels compared to the existing GLP drug. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to use (99m)Tc-DTPA-GLP to assess pancreas beta cell receptor recognition. (99m)Tc-DTPA-GLP may be helpful in evaluating patients with diabetes, pancreatitis and pancreatic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sok Oh
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu Z, Kandeel F. Radionuclide probes for molecular imaging of pancreatic beta-cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:1125-38. [PMID: 20854861 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising treatment option for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, the fate of the graft over time remains difficult to follow, due to the lack of available tools capable of monitoring graft rejection and inflammation prior to islet graft loss. Due to the challenges imposed by the location of the pancreas and the sparsely dispersed beta-cell population within the pancreas, currently, the clinical verification of beta-cell abnormalities can only be obtained indirectly via metabolic studies, which typically is not possible until after a significant deterioration in islet function has already occurred. The development of non-invasive imaging methods for the assessment of the pancreatic beta-cells, however, offers the potential for the early detection of beta-cell dysfunction prior to the clinical onset of T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Ideal islet imaging agents would have an acceptable residence time in the human body, be capable of providing high-resolution images with minimal uptake in surrounding tissues (e.g., the liver), would not be toxic to islets, and would not require pre-treatment of islets prior to transplantation. A variety of currently available imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and nuclear imaging have been tested for the study of beta-cell diseases. In this article, we summarize the recent advances made in nuclear imaging techniques for non-invasive imaging of pancreatic beta-cells. The use of radioactive probes for islet imaging is also discussed.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ueberberg S, Ziegler D, Schechinger W, Dietrich JW, Akinturk S, Klein HH, Schneider S. In vitro phage display in a rat beta cell line: a simple approach for the generation of a single-chain antibody targeting a novel beta cell-specific epitope. Diabetologia 2010; 53:1384-94. [PMID: 20369222 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro phage display in a beta cell line as a novel strategy for the isolation of beta cell-specific agents/biomarkers. METHODS A single-chain antibody (SCA) library was pre-incubated with AR42J cells in order to eliminate SCAs with exocrine binding properties. It was then panned against INS-1 cells to select beta cell-targeted antibodies. RESULTS By these means, we isolated a novel antibody, SCA B5, that binds rapidly (6.0 min) and with a 450-fold higher specificity to beta cells relative to exocrine cells. We estimated for SCA B5 a binding affinity in the low micromol/l range and 858 binding sites per beta cell. Confocal microscopy showed binding to the beta cell surface and confirmed subsequent internalisation. Moreover, staining of rat and human pancreatic tissue sections with SCA B5 suggests that the target epitope is presented in pancreatic beta cells of different origins. Infrared imaging revealed that labelling of beta cells with tracer SCA B5 is strictly dependent on beta cell mass. With competition assays we excluded insulin, glutamate decarboxylase, C-peptide and islet amyloid polypeptide as SCA B5 targets. In accordance with these predictions, SCA B5 homed in vivo highly selectively to normal beta cells and dysfunctional beta cells of diabetic rats. Moreover, accumulation of radioactively labelled SCA B5 in the pancreas was reduced by 80% after pre-injection with unlabelled SCA B5, thereby confirming the specific uptake in the pancreas. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We report a simple strategy for the generation of an SCA targeting a novel beta cell-specific epitope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ueberberg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle de la Camp Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ueberberg S, Schneider S. Phage library-screening: A powerful approach for generation of targeting-agents specific for normal pancreatic islet-cells and islet-cell carcinoma in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 160:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
22
|
Ueberberg S, Meier JJ, Waengler C, Schechinger W, Dietrich JW, Tannapfel A, Schmitz I, Schirrmacher R, Köller M, Klein HH, Schneider S. Generation of novel single-chain antibodies by phage-display technology to direct imaging agents highly selective to pancreatic beta- or alpha-cells in vivo. Diabetes 2009; 58:2324-34. [PMID: 19592622 PMCID: PMC2750237 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Noninvasive determination of pancreatic beta-cell mass in vivo has been hampered by the lack of suitable beta-cell-specific imaging agents. This report outlines an approach for the development of novel ligands homing selectively to islet cells in vivo. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To generate agents specifically binding to pancreatic islets, a phage library was screened for single-chain antibodies (SCAs) on rat islets using two different approaches. 1) The library was injected into rats in vivo, and islets were isolated after a circulation time of 5 min. 2) Pancreatic islets were directly isolated, and the library was panned in the islets in vitro. Subsequently, the identified SCAs were extensively characterized in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We report the generation of SCAs that bind highly selective to either beta- or alpha-cells. These SCAs are internalized by target cells, disappear rapidly from the vasculature, and exert no toxicity in vivo. Specific binding to beta- or alpha-cells was detected in cell lines in vitro, in rats in vivo, and in human tissue in situ. Electron microscopy demonstrated binding of SCAs to the endoplasmatic reticulum and the secretory granules. Finally, in a biodistribution study the labeling intensity derived from [(125)I]-labeled SCAs after intravenous administration in rats strongly predicted the beta-cell mass and was inversely related to the glucose excursions during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide strong evidence that the presented SCAs are highly specific for pancreatic beta-cells and enable imaging and quantification in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ueberberg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berufsgenossenschaftliches University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Juris J. Meier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carmen Waengler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Schechinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berufsgenossenschaftliches University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Johannes W. Dietrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berufsgenossenschaftliches University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrea Tannapfel
- Institute for Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Inge Schmitz
- Institute for Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Manfred Köller
- Chirurgische Forschung, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Harald H. Klein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berufsgenossenschaftliches University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berufsgenossenschaftliches University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Visualization and quantification of the native beta-cell mass in vivo in humans appear to be important in the study of the natural course of diabetes, and in ongoing trials aimed at preserving beta-cell mass in patients with diabetes. This cannot be done by biopsy sampling, and therefore there is a great need for development of a non-invasive method. This article discusses the principle theoretical requirements for reaching this goal. In addition, it provides an overview of tracer probes, which have been examined as potential beta-cell mass imaging agents in the past. Finally, some future perspectives are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Schneider
- Medical Department 1, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Imaging of islet grafts. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e3282f19f31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|