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Tomaszewska E, Dobrowolski P, Prost Ł, Chand DKP, Donaldson J, Winiarczyk D, Jarosz Ł, Ciszewski A, Czech A, Muszyński S. The effect of supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) to pregnant sows on the mucosal structure, immunolocalization of intestinal barrier proteins, VIP and leptin in the large intestine in their offspring. Annals of Animal Science 2021; 0. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The large intestine epithelium plays an important role in water absorption and participates in fluid, acid-base and electrolyte balance, and the removal of waste products. The large intestine is rich in microorganism-presented enzyme activity. Apart from energy supply, the colon also participates in the synthesis of trophic factors and the modulation of the immune system and the systemic inflammatory response. The current study investigated the effects of dietary HMB administration to pregnant sows on the postnatal development of the colon in their offspring, at weaning. From the 70th to the 90th day of gestation, sows received either a basal diet (n = 12) or the basal diet supplemented with HMB (n = 12) at a dose of 0.2 g/kg of body weight/day. Maternal HMB treatment increased serum IgG and glucose concentrations and decreased serum urea concentration in the piglets. Basal histomorphometric analysis of offspring large intestines showed that prenatal HMB treatment led to a reduction in the thickness of the mucosa, submucosa and both types of myenterons, as well as reduced crypt thickness. The immunoreaction performed to mark T0 lymphocytes and total T lymphocytes in the colon wall showed that prenatal HMB treatment decreased the number of both types of lymphocytes. Greater expression for cadherin was found in the colon of piglets delivered by the HMB-treated sows. The expression of both tight junction proteins (occludin and claudin-3), as well as that of leptin, was stronger in the HMB-treated group. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) expression was stronger in the submucosal plexuses in the HMB maternal treated piglets, while no changes were observed in the myenteric plexuses. The results obtained indicate that the administration of HMB to pregnant sows significantly influenced the expression of leptin, VIP and some proteins of the intestinal barrier in their offspring, with less influence on large intestine basal morphology.
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Puzio I, Muszyński S, Dobrowolski P, Kapica M, Pawłowska-Olszewska M, Donaldson J, Tomaszewska E. Alterations in Small Intestine and Liver Morphology, Immunolocalization of Leptin, Ghrelin and Nesfatin-1 as Well as Immunoexpression of Tight Junction Proteins in Intestinal Mucosa after Gastrectomy in Rat Model. J Clin Med 2021; 10:E272. [PMID: 33450994 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The stomach is responsible for the processing of nutrients as well as for the secretion of various hormones which are involved in many activities throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Experimental adult male Wistar rats (n = 6) underwent a modified gastrectomy, while control rats (n = 6) were sham-operated. After six weeks, changes in small intestine (including histomorphometrical parameters of the enteric nervous plexuses) and liver morphology, immunolocalization of leptin, ghrelin and nesfatin-1 as well as proteins forming adherens and tight junctions (E-cadherin, zonula occludens-1, occludin, marvelD3) in intestinal mucosa were evaluated. A number of effects on small intestine morphology, enteric nervous system ganglia, hormones and proteins expression were found, showing intestinal enteroplasticity and neuroplasticity associated with changes in gastrointestinal tract condition. The functional changes in intestinal mucosa and the enteric nervous system could be responsible for the altered intestinal barrier and hormonal responses following gastrectomy. The results suggest that more complicated regulatory mechanisms than that of compensatory mucosal hypertrophy alone are involved.
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Srinivasan G, Parida S, Pavithra S, Panigrahi M, Sahoo M, Singh TU, Madhu CL, Manickam K, Shyamkumar TS, Kumar D, Mishra SK. Leptin receptor stimulation in late pregnant mouse uterine tissue inhibits spontaneous contractions by increasing NO and cGMP. Cytokine 2020; 137:155341. [PMID: 33128919 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The adipokine, leptin exerts inhibitory effect on both spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions in myometrium. However, the mechanisms involved in leptin-induced effect are not clear. In the present study, we studied the altered characteristics of uterine contractions in the presence of leptin and the possible mechanisms of its effect in late pregnant (18.5 day) mouse uterus. We conducted functional, biochemical and molecular biology studies to demonstrate the mechanism of leptin-induced response. Leptin exerted an inhibitory response (Emax 40.5 ± 3.99%) on basal uterine contractions. The extent of inhibition was less than that obtained with known uterine relaxants, salbutamol (Emax103 ± 8.66%) and BRL-37344 (Emax 84.79 ± 8.12%). Leptin-induced uterine response was inhibited by leptin receptor antagonist SHLA and JAK-STAT pathway inhibitor, AG-490. The relaxant response was also subdued by NO-cGMP-PK-G pathway blockers L-NAME, 1400W, ODQ and KT-5823. Further, leptin enhanced the levels of NO and cGMP in uterine tissues. Also, SHLA, AG-490 and a combination of 1400 W and L-NAME prevented leptin-induced increase in NO. Similar effect was observed on cGMP levels in presence of leptin and SHLA. However, leptin did not influence CaCl2-induced response in potassium-depolarized tissues. We also detected leptin receptor protein in late pregnant mouse uterus located in endometrial luminal epithelium and myometrial layers. Real-time PCR studies revealed significantly higher expression of short forms of the receptor (ObRa and ObRc) in comparison to the long form (ObRb). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that leptin inhibits mouse uterine contraction by stimulating short forms of the leptin receptors and activating NO pathway in a JAK-STAT-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Srinivasan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Subhashree Parida
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - S Pavithra
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Thakur Uttam Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - C L Madhu
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Kesavan Manickam
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - T S Shyamkumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Santosh K Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
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Cherkashchenko NA, Livzan MA, Krolevets TS. Features of the course of gallstone disease in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:48-54. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.02.000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aim.To update information about comorbidity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gallstones disease (GD), evaluation of clinical and laboratory data, including insulin, leptin and adiponectin in individuals with NAFLD in combination with GD.
Materials and methods.According to the design, we conducted an open comparative study of 169 patients with NAFLD. The following comparison groups were formed: group 1 (n=95) patients with NAFLD without GD, group 2 (n=35) patients with NAFLD and GD and group 3 (n=39) patients with NAFLD, GD and previous cholecystectomy.
Results.A high prevalence of coronary heart disease was found in the group of patients with GD and cholecystectomy (2=6.198,p0.05); positive, statistically significant correlation relationships of cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy with ischemic heart disease (rs=0.172,p0.05 andrs=0.241,p0.05, respectively). There was a statistically significant decrease in total bilirubin and total protein in patients of group 3 (H=7.376,p0.03 and H=6.345,p0.04). The level of leptin is statistically significantly higher and positively interrelated with cholecystectomy (H=5.812,p0.05,rs=0.313,p0.05).
Conclusion.Patients with NAFLD, GD and previous cholecystectomy have a high prevalence of coronary heart disease; the phenomenon of insulin and leptin resistance, high level of adiponectin were revealed in patients with NAFLD and gallstones; hyperleptinemia was observed among patients with NAFLD, GD after cholecystectomy.
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Idrizaj E, Garella R, Squecco R, Baccari MC. Adipocytes-released Peptides Involved in the Control of Gastrointestinal Motility. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:614-629. [PMID: 30663565 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190121115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present review focuses on adipocytes-released peptides known to be involved in the control of gastrointestinal motility, acting both centrally and peripherally. Thus, four peptides have been taken into account: leptin, adiponectin, nesfatin-1, and apelin. The discussion of the related physiological or pathophysiological roles, based on the most recent findings, is intended to underlie the close interactions among adipose tissue, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract. The better understanding of this complex network, as gastrointestinal motor responses represent peripheral signals involved in the regulation of food intake through the gut-brain axis, may also furnish a cue for the development of either novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of obesity and eating disorders or potential diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rachele Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Baccari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Idrizaj E, Garella R, Castellini G, Mohr H, Pellegata NS, Francini F, Ricca V, Squecco R, Baccari MC. Adiponectin affects the mechanical responses in strips from the mouse gastric fundus. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4028-4035. [PMID: 30254407 PMCID: PMC6148421 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i35.4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether the adipocytes derived hormone adiponectin (ADPN) affects the mechanical responses in strips from the mouse gastric fundus.
METHODS For functional experiments, gastric strips from the fundal region were cut in the direction of the longitudinal muscle layer and placed in organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution. Mechanical responses were recorded via force-displacement transducers, which were coupled to a polygraph for continuous recording of isometric tension. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) was applied via two platinum wire rings through which the preparation was threaded. The effects of ADPN were investigated on the neurally-induced contractile and relaxant responses elicited by EFS. The expression of ADPN receptors, Adipo-R1 and Adipo-R2, was also evaluated by touchdown-PCR analysis.
RESULTS In the functional experiments, EFS (4-16 Hz) elicited tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive contractile responses. Addition of ADPN to the bath medium caused a reduction in amplitude of the neurally-induced contractile responses (P < 0.05). The effects of ADPN were no longer observed in the presence of the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor L-NG-nitro arginine (L-NNA) (P > 0.05). The direct smooth muscle response to methacholine was not influenced by ADPN (P > 0.05). In carbachol precontracted strips and in the presence of guanethidine, EFS induced relaxant responses. Addition of ADPN to the bath medium, other than causing a slight and progressive decay of the basal tension, increased the amplitude of the neurally-induced relaxant responses (P < 0.05). Touchdown-PCR analysis revealed the expression of both Adipo-R1 and Adipo-R2 in the gastric fundus.
CONCLUSION The results indicate for the first time that ADPN is able to influence the mechanical responses in strips from the mouse gastric fundus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Rachele Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Hermine Mohr
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Natalia S Pellegata
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Fabio Francini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Baccari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
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Liu DR, Xu XJ, Yao SK. Increased intestinal mucosal leptin levels in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:46-57. [PMID: 29358881 PMCID: PMC5757124 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To measure the leptin levels in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and analyze the relationship of leptin with clinical features, visceral sensitivity, mast cells, and nerve fibers.
METHODS Forty-two patients with IBS-D fulfilling the Rome III criteria and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent clinical and psychological evaluations using validated questionnaires (including IBS Symptom Severity Scale, IBS-specific Quality of Life, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Hamilton Depression Scale), along with colonoscopy, colonic mucosal biopsy, and visceral sensitivity testing. Serum leptin levels were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mucosal leptin expression and localization were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Mucosal leptin mRNA levels were quantified using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Mast cell counts and activation rates were investigated by toluidine blue staining. Correlation analyses between these parameters were performed.
RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, or body mass index between the IBS-D group and the control group. The median IBS Symptom Severity Scale score in the IBS-D group was 225.0 (range, 100-475). IBS-D patients had significantly increased anxiety [IBS-D: median, 6.5; interquartile range (IQR), 3.3; control: median, 2.0; IQR, 2.0; P < 0.001] and depression (IBS-D: median, 7.0; IQR, 3.0; control: median, 3.0; IQR, 2.0; P < 0.001) scores. IBS-D patients had significantly lower first sensation threshold (IBS-D: median, 50.6; IQR, 25.9; control: median, 80.5; IQR, 18.6; P < 0.001), defecation sensation threshold (IBS-D: median, 91.5; IQR, 29.3; control: median, 155.0; IQR, 21.1; P < 0.001) and maximum tolerable threshold (IBS-D: median, 163.2; IQR, 71.2; control: median, 226.2; IQR, 39.3; P < 0.001). Mucosal leptin expression, as reflected by integrated optical density (IBS-D: median, 4424.71; IQR, 4533.63; control: median, 933.65; IQR, 888.10; P < 0.001), leptin mRNA expression (IBS-D: median, 1.1226; IQR, 1.6351; control: median, 0.8947; IQR, 0.4595; P = 0.009), and mast cell activation rate (IBS-D: median, 71.2%; IQR, 12.9%; control group: median, 59.4%; IQR, 18.88%; P < 0.001) were significantly increased in IBS-D patients. The colocalization of leptin and leptin receptors was observed on mast cells and PGP9.5-positive nerve fibers in the intestinal mucosa. Also, leptin expression was positively correlated with anxiety, depression, and the mast cell activation rate, but negatively correlated with the defecation sensation threshold and the maximum tolerance threshold during visceral sensitivity testing (adjusted P < 0.0038).
CONCLUSION Increased levels of mucosal leptin may interact with mast cells and the nervous system to contribute to the pathogenesis of IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Rong Liu
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Shu-Kun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Abot A, Cani PD, Knauf C. Impact of Intestinal Peptides on the Enteric Nervous System: Novel Approaches to Control Glucose Metabolism and Food Intake. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:328. [PMID: 29988396 PMCID: PMC6023997 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is one of the most important sources of bioactive peptides in the body. In addition to their direct actions in the brain and/or peripheral tissues, the intestinal peptides can also have an impact on enteric nervous neurons. By modifying the endogenousproduction of these peptides, one may expect modify the "local" physiology such as glucose absorption, but also could have a "global" action via the gut-brain axis. Due to the various origins of gut peptides (i.e., nutrients, intestinal wall, gut microbiota) and the heterogeneity of enteric neurons population, the potential physiological parameters control by the interaction between the two partners are multiple. In this review, we will exclusively focus on the role of enteric nervous system as a potential target of gut peptides to control glucose metabolism and food intake. Potential therapeutic strategies based on per os administration of gut peptides to treat type 2 diabetes will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Abot
- NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (EAL), INSERM, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Toulouse, France
- INSERM U1220 Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), CHU Purpan, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Paris, France
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (EAL), INSERM, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Toulouse, France
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Knauf
- NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (EAL), INSERM, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Toulouse, France
- INSERM U1220 Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), CHU Purpan, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Claude Knauf,
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Bertrand PP, Polglaze KE, Chen H, Sandow SL, Walduck A, Jenkins TA, Bertrand RL, Lomax AE, Liu L. Excitability and Synaptic Transmission in the Enteric Nervous System: Does Diet Play a Role? Adv Exp Med Biol 2016; 891:201-11. [PMID: 27379647 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27592-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Changes in diet are a challenge to the gastrointestinal tract which needs to alter its processing mechanisms to continue to process nutrients and maintain health. In particular, the enteric nervous system (ENS) needs to adapt its motor and secretory programs to deal with changes in nutrient type and load in order to optimise nutrient absorption.The nerve circuits in the gut are complex, and the numbers and types of neurons make recordings of specific cell types difficult, time-consuming, and prone to sampling errors. Nonetheless, traditional research methods like intracellular electrophysiological approaches have provided the basis for our understanding of the ENS circuitry. In particular, animal models of intestinal inflammation have shown us that we can document changes to neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission.Recent studies examining diet-induced changes to ENS programming have opted to use fast imaging techniques to reveal changes in neuron function. Advances in imaging techniques using voltage- or calcium-sensitive dyes to record neuronal activity promise to overcome many limitations inherent to electrophysiological approaches. Imaging techniques allow access to a wide range of ENS phenotypes and to the changes they undergo during dietary challenges. These sorts of studies have shown that dietary variation or obesity can change how the ENS processes information-in effect reprogramming the ENS. In this review, the data gathered from intracellular recordings will be compared with measurements made using imaging techniques in an effort to determine if the lessons learnt from inflammatory changes are relevant to the understanding of diet-induced reprogramming.
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Saraç S, Atamer A, Atamer Y, Can AS, Bilici A, Taçyildiz İ, Koçyiğit Y, Yenice N. Leptin levels and lipoprotein profiles in patients with cholelithiasis. J Int Med Res 2015; 43:385-92. [DOI: 10.1177/0300060514561134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the relationships between serum leptin and levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in patients with cholelithiasis. Methods Patients with ultrasound-confirmed cholelithiasis and controls frequency-matched for age, sex, body mass index, fasting blood glucose and haemoglobin A1c levels were recruited. Fasting blood samples from all study participants were assayed for glucose, haemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride. Serum Lp(a), ApoA-1 and ApoB levels were measured using nephelometric assays; serum leptin was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results A total of 90 patients with cholelithiasis and 50 controls were included in the study. Serum levels of leptin, Lp(a), total cholesterol, triglyceride and ApoB were significantly increased, and levels of ApoA-1 and HDL-C were significantly decreased, in patients with cholelithiasis compared with controls. Serum leptin in patients with cholelithiasis were significantly positively correlated with Lp(a) and ApoB and negatively correlated with ApoA-1. Conclusions Patients with cholelithiasis have higher leptin levels and an altered lipoprotein profile compared with controls, with increased leptin levels being associated with increased Lp(a) and ApoB levels, and decreased ApoA-1 levels, in those with cholelithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Saraç
- Termal Vocational School, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Aytaç Atamer
- Termal Vocational School, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Yildiz Atamer
- Termal Vocational School, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | | | - Aslan Bilici
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Taçyildiz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Koçyiğit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Necati Yenice
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Urfa, Turkey
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AlSaif S, Mumtaz S, Wray S. A short review of adipokines, smooth muscle and uterine contractility. Life Sci 2015; 125:2-8. [PMID: 25711427 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem worldwide. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in both developed and developing countries. In the UK, for example, 60% of adults are overweight and 25% are obese. Obesity is associated with many pathological complications including respiratory, cardiovascular and endocrine, but it also affects fertility and is associated with many reproductive complications. This has led us and others to investigate links between women with high BMI, pregnancy outcome and uterine function. These studies in turn have led investigators to ask how obesity can have such an impact on reproduction and, as part of this, to consider the role of the adipokines released from adipose tissues. Our focus in this short review is on adipokines and myometrial activity, and for completeness we overview their effects on other smooth muscles. To date four adipokines (leptin, visfatin, apelin and ghrelin) have been investigated and all affect myometrial contractility, but some more potently than others. We consider the possible mechanisms involved in how adipokines may modify uterine contractility, and discuss the potential impact on labor and delivery.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To critically evaluate recent advances in the anatomy and physiology of colorectal motility and sensation and to discuss their potential clinical implications. RECENT FINDINGS Relatively noninvasive methods for the assessment of colonic transit have been developed and validated and high-resolution colonic and anorectal manometry as well as the barostat, despite their technical challenges, are beginning to show promise in clinical practice. At a more basic level, the importance of interstitial cells of Cajal as pacemakers, neuromodulators and stretch receptors has been revealed and their dysfunction associated with a number of disease states. Although the impact of a variety of biologically active agents on colonic sensorineural function in vitro has been described, the clinical implications of most of these effects remain unknown at this time. As the molecular bases of colonic motor and sensory function are identified, new disease entities are being described and novel therapeutic targets revealed. Equally important is the growing recognition of luminal factors and of the colonic microbiota, in particular, in the generation and modulation of colonic motility and sensation. SUMMARY The complexities of the basic physiology of colorectal motility and sensation continue to be revealed and our understanding of their regulation has progressed; clinical implications remain at a preliminary stage. Progress has been made, however, in the clinical assessment of colonic motor function.
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