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Su J, Hu Y, Cheng J, Li Z, Li J, Zheng N, Zhang Z, Yang J, Li X, Yu Q, Du W, Chen X. Comprehensive analysis of the RNA transcriptome expression profiles and construction of the ceRNA network in heart failure patients with sacubitril/valsartan therapeutic heterogeneity after acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 944:175547. [PMID: 36708978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sacubitril/valsartan has a noteworthy advantage in improving ventricular remodelling, as well as reducing cardiovascular mortality and the rate of heart failure (HF) readmission. However, clinically, some patients with HF still have low sensitivity to sacubitril/valsartan, indicating sacubitril/valsartan resistance (SVR). A total of 46 patients with HF after AMI (23 SVR and 23 non-sacubitril/valsartan resistance (NSVR)) were selected. Five SVR and 5 matched NSVR samples were screened for differentially expressed ncRNAs along with mRNAs. A total of 124 differentially expressed miRNAs, 137 circRNAs, 237 lncRNAs and 50 mRNAs were screened by RNA sequencing technology. After quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR) verification of selected biomarkers in 18 pairs of samples, we found that for patients with SVR, hsa-miR-543, hsa-miR-642b-5p, hsa-miR-760, hsa_circ_0137499, ENST00000474394, ENST00000528337, E2F1, NEAT1, and YTHDF2 were upregulated, and hsa-miR-424-5p, hsa-miR-21-3p, hsa_circRNA_0003275, hsa_circRNA_0004494, hsa_circ_0093522, ENST00000467951, ENST00000558177, ACTA2, ANPEP, and CAMP were downregulated. Then, with the help of our constructed ceRNA network and functional annotation enrichment, we speculated that inflammatory pathways (such as the apelin signalling pathway) and lipid metabolism pathways (such as fatty acid metabolism) may be involved in the regulation of SVR. These discoveries lay a foundation for further mechanistic research and provide a direction for individualized drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Su
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No.1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yingchu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No.1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Emergency, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No.1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Yuyao, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No.1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaojin Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qinglin Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Weiping Du
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No.1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No.1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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2
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Kip E, Parr-Brownlie LC. Healthy lifestyles and wellbeing reduce neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1092537. [PMID: 36875655 PMCID: PMC9975355 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1092537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the mid-20th century, Western societies have considered productivity and economic outcomes are more important than focusing on people's health and wellbeing. This focus has created lifestyles with high stress levels, associated with overconsumption of unhealthy foods and little exercise, which negatively affect people's lives, and subsequently lead to the development of pathologies, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Prioritizing a healthy lifestyle to maintain wellbeing may slow the onset or reduce the severity of pathologies. It is a win-win for everyone; for societies and for individuals. A balanced lifestyle is increasingly being adopted globally, with many doctors encouraging meditation and prescribing non-pharmaceutical interventions to treat depression. In psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, the inflammatory response system of the brain (neuroinflammation) is activated. Many risks factors are now known to be linked to neuroinflammation such as stress, pollution, and a high saturated and trans fat diet. On the other hand, many studies have linked healthy habits and anti-inflammatory products with lower levels of neuroinflammation and a reduced risk of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Sharing risk and protective factors is critical so that individuals can make informed choices that promote positive aging throughout their lifespan. Most strategies to manage neurodegenerative diseases are palliative because neurodegeneration has been progressing silently for decades before symptoms appear. Here, we focus on preventing neurodegenerative diseases by adopting an integrated "healthy" lifestyle approach. This review summarizes the role of neuroinflammation on risk and protective factors of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Kip
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Louise C Parr-Brownlie
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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3
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Mo J, Liu X, Huang Y, He R, Zhang Y, Huang H. Developmental origins of adult diseases. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:450-470. [PMID: 37724166 PMCID: PMC10388800 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and mechanisms of developmental adult diseases have gradually attracted attention in recent years. Exposure of gametes and embryos to adverse environments, especially during plastic development, can alter the expression of certain tissue-specific genes, leading to increased susceptibility to certain diseases in adulthood, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neuropsychiatric, and reproductive system diseases, etc. The occurrence of chronic disease in adulthood is partly due to genetic factors, and the remaining risk is partly due to environmental-dependent epigenetic information alteration, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs. Changes in this epigenetic information potentially damage our health, which has also been supported by numerous epidemiological and animal studies in recent years. Environmental factors functionally affect embryo development through epimutation, transmitting diseases to offspring and even later generations. This review mainly elaborated on the concept of developmental origins of adult diseases, and revealed the epigenetic mechanisms underlying these events, discussed the theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Mo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuanqi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yutong Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Renke He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
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4
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Froelich M, Lemes SAF, Elias MPS, Oliveira APSS, Lisboa PC, Souza JRDE, Moura EG, Almeida FJS, Pereira MP, Latorraca MQ, Kawashita NH. Hyperphagia and hyperleptinemia induced by low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet is reversed at a later stage of development in rats. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210902. [PMID: 35857934 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether increased food intake after 15 days of low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) and its normalization in the later period of development change the content of key proteins related to leptin or adiponectin signaling in the hypothalamus. Male rats were divided into five groups: Control groups received a control diet (17% protein, 63% carbohydrate) for 15 (C15) or 45 (C45) days; LPHC groups received an LPHC diet (6% protein, 74% carbohydrate) for 15 (LPHC15) or 45 (LPHC45) days; and Reverse group (R): received LPHC diet for 15 days followed by control diet for another 30 days. The LPHC15 group showed increased adiposity index, leptin level, and adiponectin level, as well as decreased the leptin receptor (ObRb) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) content in the hypothalamus compared with the C15 group. LPHC diet for 45 days or diet reversion (R group) rescued these alterations, except the adiponectin level in LPHC45 rats, which was higher. In summary, LPHC diet reduced hypothalamic leptin action by diminishing ObRb and POMC levels, leading to hyperphagia and adiposity body. Medium-term administration of LPHC diet or reverting to control diet restored the levels of these proteins, thereby improving body lipid mass rearrangement in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendalli Froelich
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departamento de Química, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Suelem A F Lemes
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departamento de Química, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Maísa P S Elias
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departamento de Química, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula S S Oliveira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Centro Biomédico, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Boulevard vinte e oito de setembro 87, 20551-031 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, NUMPEX-Bio, Campus Duque de Caxias, BR-040, Km 105, Santa Cruz da Serra, 25245-390 Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Lisboa
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Centro Biomédico, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Boulevard vinte e oito de setembro 87, 20551-031 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Ricardo DE Souza
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Egberto G Moura
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Centro Biomédico, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Boulevard vinte e oito de setembro 87, 20551-031 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fhelipe J S Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departamento de Química, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Mayara P Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departamento de Química, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Marcia Q Latorraca
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Nutrição, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Nair H Kawashita
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departamento de Química, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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5
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Cai S, Quan S, Yang G, Chen M, Ye Q, Wang G, Yu H, Wang Y, Qiao S, Zeng X. Nutritional Status Impacts Epigenetic Regulation in Early Embryo Development: A Scoping Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1877-1892. [PMID: 33873200 PMCID: PMC8483970 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing maternal age and the use of assisted reproductive technology in various countries worldwide, the influence of epigenetic modification on embryonic development is increasingly notable and prominent. Epigenetic modification disorders caused by various nutritional imbalance would cause embryonic development abnormalities and even have an indelible impact on health in adulthood. In this scoping review, we summarize the main epigenetic modifications in mammals and the synergies among different epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and histone methylation. We performed an in-depth analysis of the regulation of various epigenetic modifications on mammals from zygote formation to cleavage stage and blastocyst stage, and reviewed the modifications of key sites and their potential molecular mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the effects of nutrition (protein, lipids, and one-carbon metabolism) on epigenetic modification in embryos and emphasize the importance of various nutrients in embryonic development and epigenetics during pregnancy. Failures in epigenetic regulation have been implicated in mammalian and human early embryo loss and disease. With the use of reproductive technologies, it is becoming even more important to establish developmentally competent embryos. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the extent to which embryos are sensitive to these epigenetic modifications and nutrition status. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of early embryo development will help us make better use of reproductive technologies and nutrition regulation to improve reproductive health in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-feed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-feed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-feed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-feed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-feed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-feed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-feed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-feed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-feed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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6
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Xu D, Luo HW, Hu W, Hu SW, Yuan C, Wang GH, Zhang L, Yu H, Magdalou J, Chen LB, Wang H. Intrauterine programming mechanism for hypercholesterolemia in prenatal caffeine-exposed female adult rat offspring. FASEB J 2018; 32:5563-5576. [PMID: 29718709 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701557r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and animal studies have indicated that hypercholesterolemia and its associated diseases have intrauterine developmental origins. Our previous studies showed that prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) led to fetal overexposure to maternal glucocorticoids (GCs) and increased serum total cholesterol levels in adult rat offspring. This study further confirms the intrauterine programming of PCE-induced hypercholesterolemia in female adult rat offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were intragastrically administered caffeine (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg/d) from gestational day (GD)9 to 20. Female rat offspring were euthanized at GD20 and postnatal wk 12; several adult rat offspring were additionally subjected to ice-water swimming stimulation to induce chronic stress prior to death. The effects of GCs on cholesterol metabolism and epigenetic regulation were verified using the L02 cell line. The results showed that PCE induced hypercholesterolemia in adult offspring, which manifested as significantly higher levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) as well as higher ratios of LDL-C/HDL cholesterol. We further found that the cholesterol levels were increased in fetal livers but were decreased in fetal blood, accompanied by increased maternal blood cholesterol levels and reduced placental cholesterol transport. Furthermore, analysis of PCE offspring in the uterus and in a postnatal basal/chronic stress state and the results of in vitro experiments showed that hepatic cholesterol metabolism underwent GC-dependent changes and was associated with cholesterol synthase via abnormalities in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) histone acetylation. We concluded that, to compensate for intrauterine placentally derived decreases in fetal blood cholesterol levels, high intrauterine GC levels activated fetal hepatic CCAAT enhancer binding protein α signaling and down-regulated Sirtuin1 expression, which mediated the high levels of histone acetylation ( via H3K9ac and H3K14ac) and expression of HMGCR. This GC-dependent cholesterol metabolism programming effect was sustained through adulthood, leading to the occurrence of hypercholesterolemia.-Xu, D., Luo, H. W., Hu, W., Hu, S. W., Yuan, C., Wang, G. H., Zhang, L., Yu, H., Magdalou, J., Chen, L. B., Wang, H. Intrauterine programming mechanism for hypercholesterolemia in prenatal caffeine-exposed female adult rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanwen W Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuwei W Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guihua H Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Jacques Magdalou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7365, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Liaobin B Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
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7
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Soozangar N, Sadeghi MR, Jeddi F, Somi MH, Shirmohamadi M, Samadi N. Comparison of genome‐wide analysis techniques to DNA methylation analysis in human cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3968-3981. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Soozangar
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Molecular Medicine Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mohammad R. Sadeghi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Farhad Jeddi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mohammad H. Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Masoud Shirmohamadi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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8
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Dirven BCJ, Homberg JR, Kozicz T, Henckens MJAG. Epigenetic programming of the neuroendocrine stress response by adult life stress. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:R11-R31. [PMID: 28400482 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is critically involved in the neuroendocrine regulation of stress adaptation, and the restoration of homeostasis following stress exposure. Dysregulation of this axis is associated with stress-related pathologies like major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder and chronic anxiety. It has long been understood that stress during early life can have a significant lasting influence on the development of the neuroendocrine system and its neural regulators, partially by modifying epigenetic regulation of gene expression, with implications for health and well-being in later life. Evidence is accumulating that epigenetic plasticity also extends to adulthood, proposing it as a mechanism by which psychological trauma later in life can long-lastingly affect HPA axis function, brain plasticity, neuronal function and behavioural adaptation to neuropsychological stress. Further corroborating this claim is the phenomenon that these epigenetic changes correlate with the behavioural consequences of trauma exposure. Thereby, epigenetic modifications provide a putative molecular mechanism by which the behavioural phenotype and transcriptional/translational potential of genes involved in HPA axis regulation can change drastically in response to environmental challenges, and appear an important target for treatment of stress-related disorders. However, improved insight is required to increase their therapeutic (drug) potential. Here, we provide an overview of the growing body of literature describing the epigenetic modulation of the (primarily neuroendocrine) stress response as a consequence of adult life stress and interpret the implications for, and the challenges involved in applying this knowledge to, the identification and treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anxiety/genetics
- Anxiety/metabolism
- Anxiety/physiopathology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/physiopathology
- DNA Methylation
- Depressive Disorder, Major/genetics
- Depressive Disorder, Major/metabolism
- Depressive Disorder, Major/physiopathology
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Histones/genetics
- Histones/metabolism
- Homeostasis
- Humans
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiopathology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism
- Pituitary-Adrenal System/metabolism
- Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiopathology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- B C J Dirven
- Department of AnatomyDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T Kozicz
- Department of AnatomyDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M J A G Henckens
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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9
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Developmental and Transmittable Origins of Obesity-Associated Health Disorders. Trends Genet 2017; 33:399-407. [PMID: 28438343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The current global obesity pandemic is clearly linked to both the increasing prevalence of, and preference for, foods high in calories, specifically fat and sucrose, and declining levels of daily physical activity. A less commonly discussed possible explanation is that risk of obesity begins in utero as a result of developmental plasticity during early life. This idea fits into the broader Developmental Origins of Health and Diseases (DOHAD) hypothesis, which holds that stressful in utero exposure manifests as disease in adulthood. In this review, we highlight several studies that have revealed the role of epigenetics in multigenerational transmission of developmentally programmed obesity and associated cardiometabolic disease.
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10
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Holland N, Lizarraga D, Huen K. Recent progress in the genetics and epigenetics of paraoxonase: why it is relevant to children's environmental health. Curr Opin Pediatr 2015; 27:240-7. [PMID: 25635583 PMCID: PMC4431624 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Children are more susceptible to exposures in utero and during early childhood that may result in developmental problems and chronic diseases. Novel discoveries in the field of molecular epidemiology that can help explain susceptibility to exposures and disease will be demonstrated using the multifunctional enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) as an example. RECENT FINDINGS The broad PON1 variability in humans, partly due to differences in genetics and age, can confer differential susceptibility because this enzyme can detoxify organophosphate pesticides and has antioxidant properties. Epigenetics plays a significant role in the mediation of the effects of environmental exposure on human health and is hypothesized to be a major contributing factor to the early-life origins of adult disease. Studies highlighted in this review demonstrate the relationship of PON1 polymorphisms with microRNA binding in addition to a link between DNA methylation in the transcriptional regulatory region with changes in PON1 enzyme levels. Other important methodologies such as ancestry informative markers and lactonase activity can enhance studies involving PON1. SUMMARY This PON1 model demonstrates that integrating genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as other novel methodologies, can improve our understanding of important susceptibility factors linked to pediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Holland
- Environmental Health Sciences Division and the Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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11
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Schulte PA, Whittaker C, Curran CP. Considerations for Using Genetic and Epigenetic Information in Occupational Health Risk Assessment and Standard Setting. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S69-S81. [PMID: 26583908 PMCID: PMC4685594 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1060323#.xhlte1uzbx4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment forms the basis for both occupational health decision-making and the development of occupational exposure limits (OELs). Although genetic and epigenetic data have not been widely used in risk assessment and ultimately, standard setting, it is possible to envision such uses. A growing body of literature demonstrates that genetic and epigenetic factors condition biological responses to occupational and environmental hazards or serve as targets of them. This presentation addresses the considerations for using genetic and epigenetic information in risk assessments, provides guidance on using this information within the classic risk assessment paradigm, and describes a framework to organize thinking about such uses. The framework is a 4 × 4 matrix involving the risk assessment functions (hazard identification, dose-response modeling, exposure assessment, and risk characterization) on one axis and inherited and acquired genetic and epigenetic data on the other axis. The cells in the matrix identify how genetic and epigenetic data can be used for each risk assessment function. Generally, genetic and epigenetic data might be used as endpoints in hazard identification, as indicators of exposure, as effect modifiers in exposure assessment and dose-response modeling, as descriptors of mode of action, and to characterize toxicity pathways. Vast amounts of genetic and epigenetic data may be generated by high-throughput technologies. These data can be useful for assessing variability and reducing uncertainty in extrapolations, and they may serve as the foundation upon which identification of biological perturbations would lead to a new paradigm of toxicity pathway-based risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Schulte
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - C. Whittaker
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - C. P. Curran
- Northern Kentucky University, Department of Biological Sciences, Highland Heights, Kentucky
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12
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Bai G, Ren K, Dubner R. Epigenetic regulation of persistent pain. Transl Res 2015; 165:177-99. [PMID: 24948399 PMCID: PMC4247805 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent or chronic pain is tightly associated with various environmental changes and linked to abnormal gene expression within cells processing nociceptive signaling. Epigenetic regulation governs gene expression in response to environmental cues. Recent animal model and clinical studies indicate that epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the development or maintenance of persistent pain and possibly the transition of acute pain to chronic pain, thus shedding light in a direction for development of new therapeutics for persistent pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Bai
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Ke Ren
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ronald Dubner
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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13
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Schulte PA, Whittaker C, Curran CP. Considerations for Using Genetic and Epigenetic Information in Occupational Health Risk Assessment and Standard Setting. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S69-81. [PMID: 26583908 PMCID: PMC4685594 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment forms the basis for both occupational health decision-making and the development of occupational exposure limits (OELs). Although genetic and epigenetic data have not been widely used in risk assessment and ultimately, standard setting, it is possible to envision such uses. A growing body of literature demonstrates that genetic and epigenetic factors condition biological responses to occupational and environmental hazards or serve as targets of them. This presentation addresses the considerations for using genetic and epigenetic information in risk assessments, provides guidance on using this information within the classic risk assessment paradigm, and describes a framework to organize thinking about such uses. The framework is a 4 × 4 matrix involving the risk assessment functions (hazard identification, dose-response modeling, exposure assessment, and risk characterization) on one axis and inherited and acquired genetic and epigenetic data on the other axis. The cells in the matrix identify how genetic and epigenetic data can be used for each risk assessment function. Generally, genetic and epigenetic data might be used as endpoints in hazard identification, as indicators of exposure, as effect modifiers in exposure assessment and dose-response modeling, as descriptors of mode of action, and to characterize toxicity pathways. Vast amounts of genetic and epigenetic data may be generated by high-throughput technologies. These data can be useful for assessing variability and reducing uncertainty in extrapolations, and they may serve as the foundation upon which identification of biological perturbations would lead to a new paradigm of toxicity pathway-based risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Schulte
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Address correspondence to Paul A. Schulte, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS-C14 Cincinnati, OH45226, . E-mail:
| | - C. Whittaker
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - C. P. Curran
- Northern Kentucky University, Department of Biological Sciences, Highland Heights, Kentucky
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14
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Chamorro-Garcia R, Blumberg B. Transgenerational effects of obesogens and the obesity epidemic. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 19:153-8. [PMID: 25460228 PMCID: PMC4297575 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last three decades there has been a dramatic, worldwide increase in the incidence of obesity, particularly in Western societies. This trend has required a significant economic investment to treat obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There is an urgent need to understand the factors that contribute to this increase in obesity in order to find new tools that will improve quality of life in affected individuals and to avoid the propagation of obesity to future generations. Endocrine disrupting chemicals have become an important piece of the obesity epidemic puzzle but little is known about the mechanism underlying their effects. In this commentary, we highlight recent work showing that the consequences of ancestral exposure to obesogenic chemicals results in the transmission of obesity-related phenotypes through at least three generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Chamorro-Garcia
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, Irvine, CA 92697–2300, US
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, Irvine, CA 92697–2300, US
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697–2300, US
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15
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Janesick AS, Shioda T, Blumberg B. Transgenerational inheritance of prenatal obesogen exposure. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 398:31-5. [PMID: 25218215 PMCID: PMC4262625 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome diseases have exploded into an epidemic of global proportions. The generally accepted cause of obesity is overconsumption of calorie-dense food and diminished physical activity (the calories in-calories out model). However, emerging evidence demonstrates that environmental factors can predispose exposed individuals to gain weight, irrespective of diet and exercise. The environmental obesogen model proposes that chemical exposure during critical stages in development can influence subsequent adipogenesis, lipid balance and obesity. Obesogens are chemicals that inappropriately stimulate adipogenesis and fat storage. Numerous obesogens have been identified in recent years and some of these have been shown to act through the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, the master regulator of adipogenesis. Others act through as yet unidentified pathways. Notably, some of these obesogens elicit transgenerational effects on a variety of health endpoints, including obesity in offspring after exposure of pregnant F0 females. Thus, prenatal exposure to xenobiotic compounds can have lasting, potentially permanent effects on the offspring of exposed animals. Transgenerational effects of chemical exposure raise the stakes in the debate about whether and how endocrine disrupting chemicals should be regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Janesick
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, United States
| | - Toshihiro Shioda
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bldg 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, United States.
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16
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Ngoensawat U, Rijiravanich P, Somasundrum M, Surareungchai W. Highly sensitive electrochemical detection of DNA hybridisation by coupling the chemical reduction of a redox label to the electrode reaction of a solution phase mediator. Analyst 2014; 139:5740-6. [PMID: 25262699 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have described a highly sensitive method for detecting DNA hybridisation using a redox-labeled stem loop probe. The redox labels were poly(styrene-co-acrylic) (PSA) spheres of 454 nm diameter, modified by methylene blue (MB) deposited alternatively with poly(sodium 4-styrene sulphonate) (PSS) in a layer-by-layer process. Each PSA sphere carried approx. 3.7 × 10(5) molecules of MB, as determined optically. DIG-tagged stem loop probes were immobilised on screen printed electrodes bearing anti-DIG antibodies. Binding with the target enabled straightening of the stem loop, which made attachment to the MB-coated PSA spheres possible. For measuring the current from the direct reduction of MB by differential pulse voltammetry, a 30 mer DNA target common to 70 strains of Escherichia coli was calibrated across the range 1.0 fM to 100 pM (gradient = 3.2 × 10(-8) A (log fM)(-1), r(2) = 0.95, n = 60), with an LOD of ∼58 fM. By using Fe(CN)6(3-/4-) as a solution phase mediator for the MB reduction, we were able to lower the LOD to ∼39 aM (gradient = 5.95 × 10(-8) A (log aM)(-1), r(2) = 0.96, n = 30), which corresponds to the detection of 0.76 ag (∼50 molecules) in the 2 μL analyte sample. We hypothesise that the lowering of the LOD was due to the fact that not all the MB labels were able to contact the electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umphan Ngoensawat
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
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Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol and long-term impact on the breast and reproductive tract in humans and mice. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 3:73-82. [PMID: 25101917 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174411000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The term 'developmental origins of health and disease' (DOHaD) originally referred to delayed effects of altered maternal factors (e.g. smoking or poor nutrition) on the developing offspring, but it now also encompasses early life exposure to environmental chemicals, which can cause an unhealthy prenatal environment that endangers the fetus and increases its susceptibility to disease later in life. Prenatal exposure to the pharmaceutical diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a well-known DOHaD example as it was associated in the 1970s with vaginal cancer in daughters who were exposed to this potent synthetic estrogen before birth. Subsequently, numerous long-term effects have been described in breast and reproductive tissues of DES-exposed humans and experimental animals. Data reviewed suggest that the prenatal DES-exposed population should continue to be monitored for potential-increased disease risks as they age. Knowledge of sensitive developmental periods, and the mechanisms of DES-induced toxicities, provides useful information in predicting potential adverse effects of other environmental estrogens.
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18
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Epigenetic changes in hypothalamic appetite regulatory genes may underlie the developmental programming for obesity in rat neonates subjected to a high-carbohydrate dietary modification. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 4:479-90. [PMID: 24924227 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174413000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Earlier, we showed that rearing of newborn rats on a high-carbohydrate (HC) milk formula resulted in the onset of hyperinsulinemia, its persistence in the post-weaning period and adult-onset obesity. DNA methylation of CpG dinucleotides in the proximal promoter region and modifications in the N-terminal tail of histone 3 associated with the neuropeptide Y (Npy) and pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc) genes were investigated to decipher the molecular mechanisms supporting the development of obesity in HC females. Although there were no differences in the methylation status of CpG dinucleotides in the proximal promoter region of the Pomc gene, altered methylation of specific CpG dinucleotides proximal to the transcription start site was observed for the Npy gene in the hypothalami of 16- and 100-day-old HC rats compared with their methylation status in mother-fed (MF) rats. Investigation of histone tail modifications on hypothalamic chromatin extracts from 16-day-old rats indicated decreased acetylation of lysine 9 in histone 3 (H3K9) for the Pomc gene and increased acetylation for the same residue for the Npy gene, without changes in histone methylation (H3K9) in both genes in HC rats. These findings are consistent with the changes in the levels of Npy and Pomc mRNAs in the hypothalami of HC rats compared with MF animals. Our results suggest that epigenetic modifications could contribute to the altered gene expression of the Npy and Pomc genes in the hypothalami of HC rats and could be a mechanism leading to hyperphagia and the development of obesity in adult female HC rats.
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Ho SM, Johnson A, Tarapore P, Janakiram V, Zhang X, Leung YK. Environmental epigenetics and its implication on disease risk and health outcomes. ILAR J 2014; 53:289-305. [PMID: 23744968 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.53.3-4.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on how environmental factors through epigenetics modify disease risk and health outcomes. Major epigenetic events, such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, and microRNA expression, are described. The function of dose, duration, composition, and window of exposure in remodeling the individual's epigenetic terrain and disease susceptibility are addressed. The ideas of lifelong editing of early-life epigenetic memories, transgenerational effects through germline transmission, and the potential role of hydroxylmethylation of cytosine in developmental reprogramming are discussed. Finally, the epigenetic effects of several major classes of environmental factors are reviewed in the context of pathogenesis of disease. These include endocrine disruptors, tobacco smoke, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, infectious pathogens, particulate matter, diesel exhaust particles, dust mites, fungi, heavy metals, and other indoor and outdoor pollutants. We conclude that the summation of epigenetic modifications induced by multiple environmental exposures, accumulated over time, represented as broad or narrow, acute or chronic, developmental or lifelong, may provide a more precise assessment of risk and consequences. Future investigations may focus on their use as readouts or biomarkers of the totality of past exposure for the prediction of future disease risk and the prescription of effective countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuk-Mei Ho
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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20
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Lewis JR, McNab TJ, Liew LJ, Tan J, Hudson P, Wang JZ, Prince RL. DNA methylation within the I.4 promoter region correlates with CYPl19A1 gene expression in human ex vivo mature omental and subcutaneous adipocytes. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:87. [PMID: 24128150 PMCID: PMC3765767 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background DNA methylation at specific CpG sites within gene promoter regions is known to regulate transcriptional activity in vitro. In human adipose tissue, basal transcription of the aromatase (CYP19A1) gene is driven primarily by the I.4 promoter however the role of DNA methylation in regulating expression in ex vivo mature adipocytes is unknown. This observational study reports the correlation of DNA methylation within the I.4 promoter region of human mature subcutaneous and omental adipocytes with aromatase expression and body composition measures. Methods Omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected from 25 obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery and the mature adipocyte fraction purified. DNA methylation status of 5 CpG sites within a 550 base pair region encompassing the transcription start site (TSS) of promoter I.4 was determined using pyrosequencing. Relative aromatase and I.4 promoter specific mRNA expression was determined by qRT-PCR and whole body DXA performed in 25 participants. Results Site-specific DNA methylation varied from 21 ± 10% to 81 ± 11%. In omental adipocytes percentage methylation at the I.4.1 and I.4.2 CpG sites, but not other nearby sites, was negatively correlated with relative aromatase mRNA expression (R = - 0.52, P = 0.017 and R = - 0.52, P = 0.015). In contrast subcutaneous adipocytes percentage DNA methylation at the I.4.3 and I.4.5 sites were positively correlated with relative aromatase mRNA expression (R = 0.47, P = 0.022 and R = 0.55, P = 0.004). In a small subset of patients DNA methylation at the I.4.5 site was also positively correlated with whole body lean mass, bone mineral content and density. Conclusions In conclusion in mature adipocytes, the primary source of estradiol after menopause, increasing DNA methylation was correlated with aromatase mRNA expression and thus estradiol biosynthesis. These findings support a tissue-specific epigenetic regulation of the basal promoter activity in mature adipocytes; the mechanisms influencing this regulation and its physiological role remain to be elucidated.
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Yousefi P, Huen K, Aguilar Schall R, Decker A, Elboudwarej E, Quach H, Barcellos L, Holland N. Considerations for normalization of DNA methylation data by Illumina 450K BeadChip assay in population studies. Epigenetics 2013; 8:1141-52. [PMID: 23959097 DOI: 10.4161/epi.26037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation, is of increasing interest for epidemiologic studies examining disease etiology and impacts of environmental exposures. The Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip(®) (450K), which interrogates over 480,000 CpG sites and is relatively cost effective, has become a popular tool to characterize the DNA methylome. For large-scale studies, minimizing technical variability and potential bias is paramount. The goal of this paper was to evaluate the performance of several existing and novel color channel normalizations designed to reduce technical variability and batch effects in 450K analysis from a large population study. Comparative assessment of 10 normalization procedures included the GenomeStudio(®) Illumina procedure, the lumi smooth quantile approach, and the newly proposed All Sample Mean Normalization (ASMN). We also examined the performance of normalizations in combination with correction for the two types of Infinium chemistry utilized on the 450K array. We observed that the performance of the GenomeStudio(®) normalization procedure was highly variable and dependent on the quality of the first sample analyzed in an experiment, which is used as a reference in this procedure. While the lumi normalization was able to decrease batch variability, it increased variation among technical replicates, potentially reducing biologically meaningful findings. The proposed ASMN procedure performed consistently well, both at reducing batch effects and improving replicate comparability. In summary, the ASMN procedure can improve existing color channel normalization, especially for large epidemiologic studies, and can be successfully implemented to enhance a 450K DNA methylation data pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Yousefi
- School of Public Health; University of California; Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Karen Huen
- School of Public Health; University of California; Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | - Anna Decker
- School of Public Health; University of California; Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Emon Elboudwarej
- School of Public Health; University of California; Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Hong Quach
- School of Public Health; University of California; Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Lisa Barcellos
- School of Public Health; University of California; Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Nina Holland
- School of Public Health; University of California; Berkeley, CA USA
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Kuneš J, Kadlecová M, Vaněčková I, Zicha J. Critical developmental periods in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Physiol Res 2013; 61:S9-17. [PMID: 22827878 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, but after a century of clinical and basic research, the discrete etiology of this disease is still not fully understood. One reason is that blood pressure is a quantitative trait with multifactorial determination. Numerous genes, environmental factors as well as epigenetic factors should be considered. There is no doubt that although the full manifestation of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases usually occurs predominantly in adulthood and/or senescence, the roots can be traced back to early ontogeny. The detailed knowledge of the ontogenetic changes occurring in the cardiovascular system of experimental animals during particular critical periods (developmental windows) could help to solve this problem in humans and might facilitate the age-specific prevention of human hypertension. We thus believe that this approach might contribute to the reduction of cardiovascular morbidity among susceptible individuals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuneš
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Wangsri S, Subbalekha K, Kitkumthorn N, Mutirangura A. Patterns and possible roles of LINE-1 methylation changes in smoke-exposed epithelia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45292. [PMID: 23028911 PMCID: PMC3445447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and reduced methylation of long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) are crucial in oral carcinogenesis. 5'UTR of human LINE-1 sequence contains several CpG dinucleotides which are methylated in various proportions (0-100%). Methylation levels of many LINE-1s in cancer were reduced, hypomethylated. The hypomethylation of each LINE-1 locus can promote instability of genome and repress expression of a gene located on that same chromosome. This study investigated if cigarette smoking influences LINE-1 methylation of oral mucosal cells. The methylation of human LINE-1 in clinically normal oral mucosa of current smokers was compared to non-smokers. By using the combined bisulphite restriction analysis, each LINE-1 sequence was categorised into 4 patterns depending on the methylation status and location of the two 18-bp successive CpG from 5' to 3' including (m)C(m)C, (u)C(u)C, (m)C(u)C and (u)C(m)C. Of these, (m)C and (u)C represent methylated and unmethylated CpG, respectively. The DNA bisulphite sequence demonstrated that most CpGs of (m)C(m)C and (u)C(u)C were methylated and unmethylated, respectively. Nevertheless, some CpGs of each (m)C(u)C or (u)C(m)C allele were methylated. Imaging of the digestion products was used to generate %methylation value. No significant difference in the overall LINE-1 methylation level but the differences in percentages of some methylation patterns were discovered. The %(m)C(m)C and %(u)C(u)C increased, while the %(m)C(u)C decreased in current smokers (p = 0.002, 0.015, and <0.0001, respectively). Additionally, the lower %(m)C(u)C still persisted in persons who had stopped smoking for over 1 year (p = 0.001). The %(m)C(u)C also decreased in the higher pack-year smokers (p = 0.028). Smoking possibly altered (m)C(u)C to (m)C(m)C and (u)C(u)C forms, and changes (u)C(m)C to (u)C(u)C forms. In conclusion, smoking changes methylation levels of partial methylated LINE-1s and increased the number of hypo- and hypermethylated loci. These hypomethylated LINE-1s may possess carcinogenesis potential. Moreover, LINE-1 methylation patterns may be useful for monitoring oral carcinogenesis in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Wangsri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Keskanya Subbalekha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Nakarin Kitkumthorn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Priestley CC, Anderton M, Doherty AT, Duffy P, Mellor HR, Powell H, Roberts R. Epigenetics – relevance to drug safety science. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tx00003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Epigenetics describes the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur in the absence of a change to the DNA sequence. Specific patterns of epigenetic signatures can be stably transmitted through mitosis and cell division and form the molecular basis for developmental stage- and cell type-specific gene expression. Associations have been observed that endogenous and exogenous stimuli can change the epigenetic control of both somatic and stem cell differentiation and thus influence phenotypic behaviours and/or disease progression. In relation to drug safety, DNA methylation changes have been identified in many stages of tumour development following exposure to non-genotoxic carcinogens. However, it is not clear whether DNA methylation changes cause cancer, or arise as a consequence of the transformed state. Toxic agents could act at different levels, by directly modifying the epigenome or indirectly by altering signalling pathways. These alterations in chromatin structure may or may not be heritable but are probably reversible. That said, there is currently insufficient data to support inclusion of epigenetic profiling into pre-clinical evaluation studies. Several international collaborations aim to generate data to determine whether epigenetic modifications are causal links in disease and/or tumour progression. It will only be when an understanding of chemical mode-of-action is required that evaluation of epigenetic changes might be considered. The current toxicological testing battery is expected to identify any potential adverse effects regardless of the mechanism, epigenetic or otherwise. It is recommended that toxicologists keep a close watch of new developments in this field, in particular identification of early epigenetic markers for non-genotoxic carcinogenicity. Scientific collaborations between academia and industry will help to understand inter-individual variations in response to drug and toxin exposure to be able to distinguish between adverse and non-adverse epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C. Priestley
- Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK. Fax: +44 1625 231281; Tel: +44 1625 232435
| | - Mark Anderton
- Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK. Fax: +44 1625 231281; Tel: +44 1625 232435
| | - Ann T. Doherty
- Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK. Fax: +44 1625 231281; Tel: +44 1625 232435
| | - Paul Duffy
- Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK. Fax: +44 1625 231281; Tel: +44 1625 232435
| | - Howard R. Mellor
- Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK. Fax: +44 1625 231281; Tel: +44 1625 232435
| | - Helen Powell
- Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK. Fax: +44 1625 231281; Tel: +44 1625 232435
| | - Ruth Roberts
- Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK. Fax: +44 1625 231281; Tel: +44 1625 232435
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Monte AA, Vasiliou V, Heard KJ. Omics Screening for Pharmaceutical Efficacy and Safety in Clinical Practice. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGENOMICS & PHARMACOPROTEOMICS 2012; S5:001. [PMID: 23264882 PMCID: PMC3526192 DOI: 10.4172/2153-0645.s5-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As molecular techniques have improved, investigators have attempted to improve pharmaceutical efficacy and safety by making trait associations with genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic polymorphisms. The 'omics era has seen screening assays for pharmaceutical efficacy and safety translated into clinical practice. This manuscript will discuss each 'omic field and the screening assays available to the clinician. While success has been demonstrated in each 'omic field, many challenges remain. Assays need wider availability, predictive values remain low, and costs remain high. In order for clinicians to realize improved efficacy and safety due 'omic screens, development of improved techniques, combining of 'omic assays, and increased clinical utilization is necessary. This is an exciting time for investigators and clinicians that desire improved pharmaceutical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Monte
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver, CO, USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Molecular Toxicology & Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kennon J. Heard
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver, CO, USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine Aurora, CO, USA
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Begum G, Stevens A, Smith EB, Connor K, Challis JRG, Bloomfield F, White A. Epigenetic changes in fetal hypothalamic energy regulating pathways are associated with maternal undernutrition and twinning. FASEB J 2012; 26:1694-703. [PMID: 22223754 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-198762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Undernutrition during pregnancy is implicated in the programming of offspring for the development of obesity and diabetes. We hypothesized that maternal programming causes epigenetic changes in fetal hypothalamic pathways regulating metabolism. This study used sheep to examine the effect of moderate maternal undernutrition (60 d before to 30 d after mating) and twinning to investigate changes in the key metabolic regulators proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in fetal hypothalami. Methylation of the fetal hypothalamic POMC promoter was reduced in underfed singleton, fed twin, and underfed twin groups (60, 73, and 63% decrease, respectively). This was associated with reduced DNA methyltransferase activity and altered histone methylation and acetylation. Methylation of the hypothalamic GR promoter was decreased in both twin groups and in maternally underfed singleton fetuses (52, 65, and 55% decrease, respectively). This correlated with changes in histone methylation and acetylation and increased GR mRNA expression in the maternally underfed singleton group. Alterations in GR were hypothalamic specific, with no changes in hippocampi. Unaltered levels of OCT4 promoter methylation indicated gene-specific effects. In conclusion, twinning and periconceptional undernutrition are associated with epigenetic changes in fetal hypothalamic POMC and GR genes, potentially resulting in altered energy balance regulation in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Begum
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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27
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Hypermethylation of CpG islands is more prevalent than hypomethylation across the entire genome in breast carcinogenesis. Clin Exp Med 2012; 13:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-011-0173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic form of gene regulation that is universally important throughout the life course, especially during in utero and postnatal development. DNA methylation aids in cell cycle regulation and cellular differentiation processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that DNA methylation profiles may be altered by diet and the environment, and that these profiles are especially vulnerable during development. Thus, it is important to understand the role of DNA methylation in developmental governance and subsequent disease progression. A variety of molecular methods exist to assay for global, gene-specific, and epigenome-wide methylation. Here we describe these methods and discuss their relative strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karilyn E Sant
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Torres AL, Barrientos EY, Wrobel K, Wrobel K. Selective derivatization of cytosine and methylcytosine moieties with 2-bromoacetophenone for submicrogram DNA methylation analysis by reversed phase HPLC with spectrofluorimetric detection. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7999-8005. [PMID: 21905673 DOI: 10.1021/ac2020799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, actual DNA methylation patterns provide biologically important information, for which both, genome-wide and locus-specific methylation at cytosine residues have been extensively studied. The original contribution of this work relies on the selective derivatization of cytosine moieties with 2-bromoacetophenone for the determination of global DNA methylation by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorimetric detection. The important features of the proposed procedure are as follows: (1) no need for the elimination of RNA, (2) detection limits for cytidine, 2'-deoxycytidine, 5-methylcytidine, and 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in the range of 14.4-22.7 fmol, (3) feasibility for the detection of 0.06% of methylation in a low amount of DNA (80 ng), (4) potential viability for the evaluation of RNA methylation, and (5) relative simplicity in terms of analytical instrumentation and personnel training. The results obtained in the analysis of salmon testes DNA and nucleic acids from plant, human blood, and earthworms demonstrate the utility of the proposed procedure in biological studies and, in particular, for evaluation of the potential effect of environmental factors on actual DNA methylation in different types of living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Lopez Torres
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato, L de Retana No. 5, 36000 Guanajuato, Mexico
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Maternal obesity and developmental programming of metabolic disorders in offspring: evidence from animal models. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:592408. [PMID: 21969822 PMCID: PMC3182397 DOI: 10.1155/2011/592408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and overweight has reached epidemic proportions in the developed world as well as in those countries transitioning to first world economies, and this represents a major global health problem. Concern is rising over the rapid increases in childhood obesity and metabolic disease that will translate into later adult obesity. Although an obesogenic nutritional environment and increasingly sedentary lifestyle contribute to our risk of developing obesity, a growing body of evidence links early life nutritional adversity to the development of long-term metabolic disorders. In particular, the increasing prevalence of maternal obesity and excess maternal weight gain has been associated with a heightened risk of obesity development in offspring in addition to an increased risk of pregnancy-related complications. The mechanisms that link maternal obesity to obesity in offspring and the level of gene-environment interactions are not well understood, but the early life environment may represent a critical window for which intervention strategies could be developed to curb the current obesity epidemic. This paper will discuss the various animal models of maternal overnutrition and their importance in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying altered obesity risk in offspring.
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Vickers MH. Developmental programming of the metabolic syndrome - critical windows for intervention. World J Diabetes 2011; 2:137-48. [PMID: 21954418 PMCID: PMC3180526 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v2.i9.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disease results from a complex interaction of many factors, including genetic, physiological, behavioral and environmental influences. The recent rate at which these diseases have increased suggests that environmental and behavioral influences, rather than genetic causes, are fuelling the present epidemic. In this context, the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis has highlighted the link between the periconceptual, fetal and early infant phases of life and the subsequent development of adult obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Although the mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated, this programming was generally considered an irreversible change in developmental trajectory. Recent work in animal models suggests that developmental programming of metabolic disorders is potentially reversible by nutritional or targeted therapeutic interventions during the period of developmental plasticity. This review will discuss critical windows of developmental plasticity and possible avenues to ameliorate the development of postnatal metabolic disorders following an adverse early life environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Vickers
- Mark H Vickers, Liggins Institute and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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32
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Buckland GL. Harnessing opportunities in non-animal asthma research for a 21st-century science. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:914-27. [PMID: 21875684 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of asthma is on the increase and calls for research are growing, yet asthma is a disease that scientists are still trying to come to grips with. Asthma research has relied heavily on animal use; however, in light of increasingly robust in vitro and computational models and the need to more fully incorporate the 'Three Rs' principles of Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, is it time to reassess the asthma research paradigm? Progress in non-animal research techniques is reaching a level where commitment and integration are necessary. Many scientists believe that progress in this field rests on linking disciplines to make research directly translatable from the bench to the clinic; a '21st-century' scientific approach to address age-old questions.
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Stevens A, Begum G, White A. Epigenetic changes in the hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin gene: a mechanism linking maternal undernutrition to obesity in the offspring? Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 660:194-201. [PMID: 21211530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternal undernutrition is associated with programming of obesity in offspring. While previous evidence has linked programming to the hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal (HPA) axis it could also affect the hypothalamic neuropeptides which regulate food intake and energy balance. Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH), a key regulator of these neuronal pathways, is derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) which is therefore a prime target for the programming of obesity. Several models of maternal undernutrition have identified changes in POMC in hypothalami from foetuses or offspring at various ages. These models have also shown that the offspring go on to develop obesity and/or glucose intolerance. It is our hypothesis that programming leads to epigenetic changes in hypothalamic neuropeptide genes. Therefore when there is subsequent increased food availability, the epigenetic changes could cause dysfunctional transcriptional regulation of energy balance. We present evidence of epigenetic changes in the POMC gene promoter in foetal hypothalami after peri-conceptional undernutrition. In this model there are also epigenetic changes in the hypothalamic glucocorticoid receptor with consequent up-regulation of the receptor which could lead to alterations in the regulation of POMC and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothalamus. Thus maternal undernutrition could cause epigenetic changes in the POMC and glucocorticoid receptor genes, in the foetal hypothalamus, which may predispose the offspring to altered regulation of food intake, energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis, later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stevens
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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34
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35
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Epigenetics and chemical safety assessment. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2010; 705:83-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Samuelsson JK, Alonso S, Yamamoto F, Perucho M. DNA fingerprinting techniques for the analysis of genetic and epigenetic alterations in colorectal cancer. Mutat Res 2010; 693:61-76. [PMID: 20851135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 08/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic somatic alterations are fundamental hallmarks of cancer. In addition to point and other small mutations targeting cancer genes, solid tumors often exhibit aneuploidy as well as multiple chromosomal rearrangements of large fragments of the genome. Whether somatic chromosomal alterations and aneuploidy are a driving force or a mere consequence of tumorigenesis remains controversial. Recently it became apparent that not only genetic but also epigenetic alterations play a major role in carcinogenesis. Epigenetic regulation mechanisms underlie the maintenance of cell identity crucial for development and differentiation. These epigenetic regulatory mechanisms have been found substantially altered during cancer development and progression. In this review, we discuss approaches designed to analyze genetic and epigenetic alterations in colorectal cancer, especially DNA fingerprinting approaches to detect changes in DNA copy number and methylation. DNA fingerprinting techniques, despite their modest throughput, played a pivotal role in significant discoveries in the molecular basis of colorectal cancer. The aim of this review is to revisit the fingerprinting technologies employed and the oncogenic processes that they unveiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Samuelsson
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (SBMRI), 10901N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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37
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Martinez-Arguelles DB, Papadopoulos V. Epigenetic regulation of the expression of genes involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis and action. Steroids 2010; 75:467-76. [PMID: 20156469 PMCID: PMC2860648 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 01/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones participate in organ development, reproduction, body homeostasis, and stress responses. The steroid machinery is expressed in a development- and tissue-specific manner, with the expression of these factors being tightly regulated by an array of transcription factors (TFs). Epigenetics provides an additional layer of gene regulation through DNA methylation and histone tail modifications. Evidence of epigenetic regulation of key steroidogenic enzymes is increasing, though this does not seem to be a predominant regulatory pathway. Steroid hormones exert their action in target tissues through steroid nuclear receptors belonging to the NR3A and NR3C families. Nuclear receptor expression levels and post-translational modifications regulate their function and dictate their sensitivity to steroid ligands. Nuclear receptors and TFs are more likely to be epigenetically regulated than proteins involved in steroidogenesis and have secondary impact on the expression of these steroidogenic enzymes. Here we review evidence for epigenetic regulation of enzymes, transcription factors, and nuclear receptors related to steroid biogenesis and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Martinez-Arguelles
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, and Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4, Canada
- Corresponding author at: The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room C10-148, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada. Tel: 514-934-1934 ext. 44580. Fax: 514-934-8439.
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38
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OMARUDDIN RA, CHAUDHRY MA. Detection of genomic DNA methylation with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. Hum Cell 2010; 23:41-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-0774.2010.00084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Wentzel JF, Gouws C, Huysamen C, Dyk EV, Koekemoer G, Pretorius PJ. Assessing the DNA methylation status of single cells with the comet assay. Anal Biochem 2010; 400:190-4. [PMID: 20156416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis) is a cost-effective, sensitive, and simple technique that is traditionally used for analyzing and quantifying DNA damage in individual cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether the comet assay could be modified to detect changes in the levels of DNA methylation in single cells. We used the difference in methylation sensitivity of the isoschizomeric restriction endonucleases HpaII and MspI to demonstrate the feasibility of the comet assay to measure the global DNA methylation level of individual cells. The results were verified with the well-established cytosine extension assay. We were able to show variations in DNA methylation after treatment of cultured cells with 5-azacytidine and succinylacetone, an accumulating metabolite in human tyrosinemia type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F Wentzel
- Division for Biochemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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40
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Martinez-Arguelles DB, Culty M, Zirkin BR, Papadopoulos V. In utero exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate decreases mineralocorticoid receptor expression in the adult testis. Endocrinology 2009; 150:5575-85. [PMID: 19819939 PMCID: PMC2795714 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In utero exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been shown to result in decreased androgen formation by fetal and adult rat testes. In the fetus, decreased androgen is accompanied by the reduced expression of steroidogenic enzymes. The mechanism by which in utero exposure results in reduced androgen formation in the adult, however, is unknown. We hypothesized that deregulation of the nuclear steroid receptors might explain the effects of in utero DEHP exposure on adult testosterone production. To test this hypothesis, pregnant Sprague Dawley dams were gavaged with 100-950 mg DEHP per kilogram per day from gestational d 14-19, and testes were collected at gestational d 20 and postnatal days (PND) 3, 21, and 60. Among the nuclear receptors studied, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) mRNA and protein levels were reduced in PND60 interstitial Leydig cells, accompanied by reduced mRNA expression of MR-regulated genes. Methylation-sensitive PCR showed effects on the nuclear receptor subfamilies NR3A and -3C, but only MR was affected at PND60. Pyrosequencing of two CpG islands within the MR gene promoter revealed a loss of methylation in DEHP-treated animals that was correlated with reduced MR. Because MR activation is known to stimulate Leydig cell testosterone formation, and MR inhibition to be repressive, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that in utero exposure to DEHP leads to MR dysfunction and thus to depressed testosterone production in the adult. We suggest that decreased MR, possibly epigenetically mediated, is a novel mechanism by which phthalates may affect diverse functions later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Martinez-Arguelles
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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41
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Kato I, Badsha KZ, Land S, Nechvatal JM, Matherly LH, Tarca AL, Majumdar AP, Basson MD, Ram JL. DNA/RNA markers for colorectal cancer risk in preserved stool specimens: a pilot study. TUMORI JOURNAL 2009; 95:753-761. [PMID: 20210241 PMCID: PMC4932904 DOI: 10.1177/030089160909500619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Exfoliated cells in human stool offer excellent opportunities to non-invasively detect molecular markers associated with colorectal tumorigenesis, and to evaluate the effects of exposures to exogenous and endogenous carcinogenic or chemopreventive substances. This pilot study investigated the feasibility of determining DNA methylation and RNA expression simultaneously in stool specimens treated with a single type of nucleic acid preservatives. METHODS Stool specimens from 56 volunteers that were preserved up to a week with RNA later were used in this study. Bisulfite sequencing was used to determine methylation at 27 CpG loci on the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) promoter. Taqman assay was used for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions to measure cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA expression. Subjects' basic demographic and other selected risk factors for colorectal cancer were captured through questionnaires and correlated with the levels of these markers. RESULTS Less than 10% of the samples failed in individual assays. Overall, 24.0% of the CpG loci on the ESR1 promoter were methylated. COX2 expression and alcohol use were positively correlated; an inverse association was present between EGFR expression and cigarette smoking; and subjects using anti-diabetic medication had higher ESR1 methylation. In addition, higher EGFR expression levels were marginally associated with history of polyps and family history of colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that simultaneous analyses for DNA and RNA markers are feasible in stool samples treated with a single type of nucleotide preservatives. Among several associations observed, the association between EGFR expression and polyps deserves further investigation as a potential target for colorectal cancer screening. Larger studies are warranted to confirm some of our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kato
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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42
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The impact of air pollutants as an adjuvant for allergic sensitization and asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2009; 9:327-33. [PMID: 19656481 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-009-0046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The current global epidemic of atopy and asthma has been related to the changes in environmental exposures brought about by the development and expansion of industrialized societies. This article reviews the evidence supporting the fundamental role of air pollutants in fostering allergic inflammation of the airways, with emphasis on the molecular and genetic pathways that link ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure to the induction of proinflammatory changes and proallergic effects in the respiratory tract. We propose that the link between PM exposure and proallergic effects involves organic PM components that generate oxygen radicals capable of perturbing the redox equilibrium mucosal immune cells.
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43
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Colosimo A, Di Rocco G, Curini V, Russo V, Capacchietti G, Berardinelli P, Mattioli M, Barboni B. Characterization of the methylation status of five imprinted genes in sheep gametes. Anim Genet 2009; 40:900-8. [PMID: 19694650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a mammalian developmental process that uses epigenetic mechanisms to induce monoallelic and parental-specific expression of particular autosomal genes. A crucial epigenetic event consists of DNA methylation of CpG-islands, which become differentially methylated regions (DMRs) on the maternal and paternal alleles during oogenesis or spermatogenesis (germline DMRs). By contrast, somatic DMRs are acquired after fertilization. While there are several studies referring to methylation acquisition within germline DMRs in the mouse and human, a comparable methylation analysis of orthologous sequences is still lacking in sheep. To identify germline DMRs, this study analysed the methylation status of the available CpG-islands of five ovine imprinted genes (H19, IGF2R, DLK1, DIO3 and BEGAIN) in mature spermatozoa and in female gametes at different stages of their follicle growth, including in vitro matured oocytes. The 5'-end CpG-island of H19 showed a full methylation in spermatozoa and an absent methylation in growing and fully grown oocytes. The intron 2 CpG-island of IGF2R was unmethylated in male gametes, while it showed a high level of methylation in early stages of oogenesis. The promoter CpG-islands of DLK1 and DIO3 were found to be unmethylated both in spermatozoa and oocytes. Finally, the exon 9 CpG-island of BEGAIN was hypermethylated in mature male gametes, while it showed an almost complete methylation only in late stages of oocyte development. Our findings suggest that DNA methylation establishment during early stages of sheep oogenesis and subsequent in vitro maturation is gene-specific and that, of the five genes investigated, only the CpG-islands of H19 and IGF2R might represent ovine germline DMRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colosimo
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Teramo University, Piazza Aldo Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Le Clair C, Abbi T, Sandhu H, Tappia PS. Impact of maternal undernutrition on diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in adult offspring. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 87:161-79. [PMID: 19295658 DOI: 10.1139/y09-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological, clinical, and experimental observations have led to the hypothesis that the risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood is influenced not only by genetic and adult lifestyle factors, but also by environmental factors during early life. Low birth weight, a marker of intrauterine stress, has been linked to predisposition to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. The compelling animal evidence and significant human data to support this conclusion are reviewed. Specifically, the review discusses the role of maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy, placental insufficiencies and epigenetic changes in the increased predisposition to diabetes and CVD in adult life. The impact of low birth weight and catch-up growth as they pertain to risk of disease in adult life is also discussed. In addition, adult disease risk in the overnourished fetus is also mentioned. Reference is made to some of the mechanisms of the induction of diabetes and CVD phenotype. It is proposed that fetal nutrition, growth and development through efficient maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy could constitute the basis for nutritional strategies for the primary prevention of diabetes and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Le Clair
- I.H. Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, and Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada
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45
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Patisaul HB, Adewale HB. Long-term effects of environmental endocrine disruptors on reproductive physiology and behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2009; 3:10. [PMID: 19587848 PMCID: PMC2706654 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.08.010.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that, over the course of development, hormones shape the vertebrate brain such that sex specific physiology and behaviors emerge. Much of this occurs in discrete developmental windows that span gestation through the prenatal period, although it is now becoming clear that at least some of this process continues through puberty. Perturbation of this developmental progression can permanently alter the capacity for reproductive success. Wildlife studies have revealed that exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), either naturally occurring or man made, can profoundly alter reproductive physiology and ultimately impact entire populations. Laboratory studies in rodents and other species have elucidated some of the mechanisms by which this occurs and strongly indicate that humans are also vulnerable to disruption. Use of hormonally active compounds in human medicine has also unfortunately revealed that the developing fetus can be exposed to and affected by endocrine disruptors, and that it might take decades for adverse effects to manifest. Research within the field of environmental endocrine disruption has also contributed to the general understanding of how early life experiences can alter reproductive physiology and behavior through non-genomic, epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation. These types of effects have the potential to impact future generations if the germ line is affected. This review provides an overview of how exposure to EDCs, particularly those that interfere with estrogen action, impacts reproductive physiology and behaviors in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Perera F, Tang WY, Herbstman J, Tang D, Levin L, Miller R, Ho SM. Relation of DNA methylation of 5'-CpG island of ACSL3 to transplacental exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4488. [PMID: 19221603 PMCID: PMC2637989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In a longitudinal cohort of approximately 700 children in New York City, the prevalence of asthma (>25%) is among the highest in the US. This high risk may in part be caused by transplacental exposure to traffic-related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) but biomarkers informative of PAH-asthma relationships is lacking. We here hypothesized that epigenetic marks associated with transplacental PAH exposure and/or childhood asthma risk could be identified in fetal tissues. Mothers completed personal prenatal air monitoring for PAH exposure determination. Methylation sensitive restriction fingerprinting was used to analyze umbilical cord white blood cell (UCWBC) DNA of 20 cohort children. Over 30 DNA sequences were identified whose methylation status was dependent on the level of maternal PAH exposure. Six sequences were found to be homologous to known genes having one or more 5'-CpG island(s) (5'-CGI). Of these, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3 (ACSL3) exhibited the highest concordance between the extent of methylation of its 5'-CGI in UCWBCs and the level of gene expression in matched fetal placental tissues in the initial 20 cohort children. ACSL3 was therefore chosen for further investigation in a larger sample of 56 cohort children. Methylation of the ACSL3 5'-CGI was found to be significantly associated with maternal airborne PAH exposure exceeding 2.41 ng/m(3) (OR = 13.8; p<0.001; sensitivity = 75%; specificity = 82%) and with a parental report of asthma symptoms in children prior to age 5 (OR = 3.9; p<0.05). Thus, if validated, methylated ACSL3 5'CGI in UCWBC DNA may be a surrogate endpoint for transplacental PAH exposure and/or a potential biomarker for environmentally-related asthma. This exploratory report provides a new blueprint for the discovery of epigenetic biomarkers relevant to other exposure assessments and/or investigations of exposure-disease relationships in birth cohorts. The results support the emerging theory of early origins of later life disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederica Perera
- The Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wan-yee Tang
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Julie Herbstman
- The Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Deliang Tang
- The Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Linda Levin
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rachel Miller
- The Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shuk-mei Ho
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Muhonen P, Holthofer H. Epigenetic and microRNA-mediated regulation in diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:1088-96. [PMID: 19145005 PMCID: PMC2658734 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pirkko Muhonen
- Centre for BioAnalytical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Kuzawa CW, Sweet E. Epigenetics and the embodiment of race: Developmental origins of US racial disparities in cardiovascular health. Am J Hum Biol 2009; 21:2-15. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Tang WY, Newbold R, Mardilovich K, Jefferson W, Cheng RYS, Medvedovic M, Ho SM. Persistent hypomethylation in the promoter of nucleosomal binding protein 1 (Nsbp1) correlates with overexpression of Nsbp1 in mouse uteri neonatally exposed to diethylstilbestrol or genistein. Endocrinology 2008; 149:5922-31. [PMID: 18669593 PMCID: PMC2613067 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal exposure of CD-1 mice to diethylstilbestrol (DES) or genistein (GEN) induces uterine adenocarcinoma in aging animals. Uterine carcinogenesis in this model is ovarian dependent because its evolution is blocked by prepubertal ovariectomy. This study seeks to discover novel uterine genes whose expression is altered by such early endocrine disruption via an epigenetic mechanism. Neonatal mice were treated with 1 or 1000 microg/kg DES, 50 mg/kg GEN, or oil (control) on d 1-5. One group of treated mice was killed before puberty on d 19. Others were ovariectomized or left intact, and killed at 6 and 18 months of age. Methylation-sensitive restriction fingerprinting was performed to identify differentially methylated sequences associated with neonatal exposure to DES/GEN. Among 14 candidates, nucleosomal binding protein 1 (Nsbp1), the gene for a nucleosome-core-particle binding protein, was selected for further study because of its central role in chromatin remodeling. In uteri of immature control mice, Nsbp1 promoter CpG island (CGI) was minimally methylated. Once control mice reached puberty, the Nsbp1 CGI became hypermethylated, and gene expression declined further. In contrast, in neonatal DES/GEN-treated mice, the Nsbp1 CGI stayed anomalously hypomethylated, and the gene exhibited persistent overexpression throughout life. However, if neonatal DES/GEN-treated mice were ovariectomized before puberty, the CGI remained minimally to moderately methylated, and gene expression was subdued except in the group treated with 1000 microg/kg DES. Thus, the life reprogramming of uterine Nsbp1 expression by neonatal DES/GEN exposure appears to be mediated by an epigenetic mechanism that interacts with ovarian hormones in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental Health, Kettering Complex, Room 128, 3223 Eden Avenue, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0056, USA
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Rampersaud E, Mitchell BD, Naj AC, Pollin TI. Investigating parent of origin effects in studies of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Curr Diabetes Rev 2008; 4:329-39. [PMID: 18991601 PMCID: PMC2896493 DOI: 10.2174/157339908786241179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The role of parent-of-origin effects (POE) in the etiology of complex diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity is currently of intense interest, but still largely unclear. POE are transmittable genetic effects whereby the expression of the phenotype in the offspring depends upon whether the transmission originated from the mother or father. In mammals, POE can be caused by genetic imprinting, intrauterine effects, or maternally inherited mitochondrial genes. In this paper, we describe the different mechanisms underlying POE, characterize known examples of POE in rare forms of diabetes, and review the evidence from linkage and association studies for POE in T2DM and obesity. Finally, we summarize some of the new and established statistical and experimental approaches commonly used to detect POE. Through this paper, we hope emphasizes the potentially significant importance of POE in the etiology of T2DM and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evadnie Rampersaud
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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